Hng dn v Matlab/Simulink

1. Gii thiu
MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) l mt phn mm khoa hc c thit k cung cp vic tnh ton s v hin th ha bng ngn ng lp trnh cp cao. MATLAB cung cp cc tnh nng tng tc tuyt vi cho php ngi s dng thao tc d liu linh hot di dng mng ma trn tnh ton v quan st. Cc d liu vo ca MATLAB c th c nhp t "Command line" hoc t "mfiles", trong tp lnh c cho trc bi MATLAB. MATLAB cung cp cho ngi dng cc toolbox tiu chun ty chn. Ngi dng cng c th to ra cc hp cng c ring ca mnh gm cc "mfiles" c vit cho cc ng dng c th. Chng ta c th s dng cc tp tin tr gip ca MATLAB cho cc chc nng v cc lnh lin quan vi cc toolbox c sn (dng lnh help). V d: Command Window: >> help plot Mn hnh tiu chun sau khi khi ng Matlab:

s dng Simulink:

2. S dng Matlab
a/ nh ngha bin: Chng ta cn hiu c cch Matlab thao tc vi cc ma trn. V d mt mng cc gi tr A = 1, 0, 9, 11, 5 cng l ma trn 1x5, B = 9 l ma trn 1x1. lu bin A, ti ca s lnh, g vo lnh:

Matlab s hin th kt qu:

khng hin th kt qu trn mn hnh, chng ta dng du ; ti cui cu lnh. xc nh kch thc mt ma trn hay mng, dng lnh size

Trong Matlab, cc hng ca ma trn c cch bi ; v cc ct c ngt bi ,. V d ma trn B c cc thnh phn nh sau: Dng 1: 1, 0, 9, 4, 3 Dng 2: 0, 8, 4, 2, 7 Dng 3: 14, 90, 0, 43, 25 (c th dng khong trng thay cho , ngt ct)

Chng ta c th cng, tr, nhn, chia cc ma trn bng cc ton t n gin +, -, *, / trong Matlab. Ta cng c th to ra bin mi t cc ma trn c sn, v d nh: (du : i din cho tt c cc ct trong hng 2)

Hoc c th t hp mt ma trn mi t cc ma trn c sn

Hoc c th xa cc hng hay ct ca mt ma trn

Mt khi cc bin c nhp, chng s c hin th trong vng lm vic. Chng ta c th double click vo tn bin trong vng lm vic m ra ca s Variable Editor, y chng ta c th sa cha cc gi tr nh trong Excel.

b/ Lm vic vi mng Nhp vo Matlab 2 ma trn A, B >> A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 0] A= 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 0

>> B = [2 4 6;0 3 7;9 8 1] B= 2 0 9 4 3 8 6 7 1 M t Php cng >> C=A+B C= 3 6 9 4 8 13 16 16 1 >> C=A-B C= -1 -2 -3 4 2 -1 -2 0 -1 >> C=A*B C= 29 34 23 62 79 65 14 52 98 >> C=A.*B C= 2 8 18 0 15 42 63 64 0 >> C=A/B V d

Ton t +

Php tr

Php nhn

.*

Php nhn phn t vi phn t

Php chia theo chiu phi

Php chia theo chiu tri

./

Php chia phn t (phi)

.\

Php chia phn t (tri)

.^

Element-by-element power Ly s m phn t - phn t

C= 0.5000 0.0000 0.0000 3.6875 -2.2500 -0.3750 -8.3125 6.7500 2.6250 >> C=A\B C= -4.5556 -5.3333 -4.5556 5.1111 5.6667 4.1111 -1.2222 -0.6667 0.7778 >> C=A./B C= 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 Inf 1.6667 0.8571 0.7778 1.0000 0 >> C=A.\B C= 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 0 0.6000 1.1667 1.2857 1.0000 Inf >> C=A.^B C= 1 16 729 1 125 279936 40353607 16777216 0

c/ M-file Ngoi phng php g lnh trc tip ca s lnh, chng ta cn c th to mt script mfile gm tp hp cc lnh g ca s lnh. Khi chy mfile, cc lnh ny s c thc hin tng t nh ca s lnh. Menu File New Script

3. Simulink
Simulink l mt cng c trong Matlab dng m hnh, m phng v phn tch cc h thng ng vi mi trng giao din s dng bng ha. Vic xy dng m hnh c n gin ha bng cc hot ng nhp chut v ko th. Simulink bao gm mt b th vin khi vi cc hp cng c ton din cho c vic phn tch tuyn tnh v phi tuyn. Simulink l mt phn quan trng ca Matlab v c th d dng chuyn i qua li trong qu trnh phn tch, v v vy ngi dng c th tn dng c u th ca c hai mi trng. Hng dn s dng Simulink: C th m Simulink bng 2 cch: - Click vo biu tng nh hnh di (Simulink icon)

- T ca s lnh, nh lnh simulink v enter Ca s th vin Simulink s hin th:

Khung tm kim

Cc khi chc nng Th vin

To mt m hnh mi bng cch: - Click vo icon New model hoc g Ctrl-N

Menu File New Model

Ca s xy dng m hnh xut hin:

Vng lm vic, xy dng m hnh

To cc khi: t th vin Simulink chn khi cn dng, nhp chut vo v ko ra ra ca s m hnh

Lu tr m hnh bng lnh Save (File Save) hoc nhp vo icon Save

Dch chuyn cc khi n gin bng cch nhp vo khi v ko th

Ni tn hiu: a con chut ti ng ra ca khi (du >), khi con chut s c dng +. Ko r chut ti ng vo ca mt khi khc v th ra kt ni tn hiu.

M phng m hnh: Dng lnh Start (Menu Simulation Start) hoc nhp chut vo icon Start

Xem tn hiu t Scope: nhp i vo khi Scope

Chnh thng s ca mt khi bng cch nhp i vo khi cn chnh Trc khi m phng m hnh Simulink, chng ta cn t cc thng s m phng bng cch chn menu Simulation Configuration Parameters

 ca s Configuration Parameters, chng ta c th t mt s thng s nh Start time, Stop time (second giy), v phng php gii Solver, Solver options,.. sau nhn nt OK

Tham kho 1. Ti liu hng dn ca phn mm Matlab 2. http://edu.levitas.net/Tutorials/Matlab/ Ti liu t c: Introduction to Simulink with Engineering Applications Link download: http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~nntu/