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Tng lai ca lu tr thng tin s s l cng ngh DNA Do c nhng c im vt tri so vi cc thit b bn dn truyn thng, DNA ( Vit Nam hay gi l ADN) c cc nh khoa hc trong lnh vc lu tr quan tm t lu. Rt tic nhng kt qu thu c thi gian qua vn cha p ng c cc yu cu ti thiu p dng chng quy m cng nghip trong nhng nm ti. Tuy nhin, nghin cu mi y ca cc nh khoa hc t i hc Harvard to nn mt bc t ph lch s khi h s dng DNA m ha thnh cng ton b mt cun sch ting Anh c 53.426 t, cng vi 11 nh nh dng JPG v cc on m JavaScript. c bit, dung lng nhng ti liu trn tng ng vi dy nh phn di 5,27 Megabit. Con s ny ln hn gn 1000 ln so vi thnh tu t c gn y v m ra trin vng sn xut cc thit b ghi sinh hc trong vng 5 hoc 10 nm na. Kh nng lu tr ca DNA (trn l thuyt)
Thng tin c th m ha nh cc nucleotide trn chui xon kp DNA, hay cc axt deoxyribonucleotide c bit nh l thnh phn c bn cha cc thng tin di truyn cc sinh vt sng. V cu to, bt k chui DNA no u cha 4 loi nucleotide l A, T, G v C (mt s ti liu gi l X hoc U). Theo l thuyt, mi nucleotide c th c s dng m ha mt bit d liu. Nhng thc t phn t DNA l mt chui xon kp c cu thnh t hai di nucleotide n v cc nucleotide mi chui n s kt hp vi nhau theo ng quy tc A-T v G-C (X/U), nn thc t mt v tr trn DNA s tng ng vi 2 bit.
Cc thit b nh flash s khng c c sc mnh nh h bo ca chng so vi lu tr DNA Theo c tnh, mt milimet khi DNA c kh nng lu tr 1 triu t GB v mt gram phn t ny c th lu ti 455 t GB thng tin. Nu ton b lng d liu c ghi ln cc DVD, th s lng a cn thit s l 100 t chic. Vi kh nng tuyt vi nh vy, ch cn 4 gram DNA l cha ton b lng d liu hng nm m con ngi to ra. D on dung lng s dng s tng 2 ln sau 2 nm, v ti nm 2020 d liu ton th gii s ln hn gp 50 ln hin nay. R rng nu tip tc s dng cc sn phm lu tr in t th s dn ti cc chi ph rt tn km, s thiu ht ngun cung v to ra lng sn phm rc thi cc ln. Do , bin tng lu tr DNA thnh hin thc s gip con ngi nhanh chng gii quyt nhng vn trn. Khng nhng c mt lu tr siu ln, cc DNA cn c bn rt cao: ngay c trong nhng iu kin khng thun li, cc thng tin trn phn t vn c lu gi hng nghn nm. Minh chng r rng nht cho iu ny n t cc bng chng kho c hc. Trn cc xc p 5300 nm tui t thi c i, cc mu DNA vn cn nguyn vn. Thm ch ngay c nhng g cn st li ca nhng con voi ma mt K Bng H cng tt gip khi phc h gen ca chng. Cc nh khoa hc Nga cn c nh nhn bn loi vt khng l huyn thoi trong mt d n hp tc vi Hn Quc. Tinhte cng tng gii thiu vi cc bn s kin khi phc li mt loi cy 30.000 nm tui t cc ht c bo qun trong iu kin tt. Hy th hnh dung xem iu g xy n vi cc thit b lu trnh CD hay DVD khi tui i ca chng ch vo khong 20 nm. V thc nghim lch s ti Harvard
S m ha/gii m cun sch qua DNA m cc hc gi Harvard thc hin Trong th nghim ti Harvard, thay v chn cc on DNA di lm i tng lu tr, cc nh khoa hc s dng cc chui ngn hn. Nguyn nhn y l do rt kh iu khin v lm vic vi cc chui di. Hn na vic ghi d liu trn s y cc chi ph ln rt cao v d b li. Nhm thc hin mc ch ca mnh, u tin nhm nghin cu chuyn ton b cun sch, hnh nh v lnh JavaScript sang ngn ng HTML. Bc tip theo, h m ha HTML bng cc chui nh phn vi tng chiu di l 5,27 triu trng thi. Sau h nh hnh cc trng thi 0 v 1 ng vi cc nucleotide. C th, A v C m ha trng thi 0, cn G v T c dng ch 1. Mi chui DNA ngn s dng s tng ng vi 96 bit d liu v chng s ng vai tr nh cc sector trn cc cng thng thng. Mi sector DNA c c trng bi 19 bit a ch phn bit vi cc sector khc khi ni chng vi nhau. c bit s sector s dng m ha ton b cc ti liu l 54.898. Hn na, nhm m bo qu trnh m ha trn DNA chnh xc, nhiu phin bn ging nhau ca cc chui ngn c to ra so snh. Khi cc ti liu c m ha hon ton vo cc chui DNA ngn. Nhm nghin cu gn n vi mt vi x l c kch thc vi micromet kim tra. H thng ny c a vo kho trong vng 3 thng nhit 4 C. Sau h a n tr li nhit phng v ni cc on DNA li gii m. Cc phin bn ging nhau ca mi sector DNA c rp th ln lt v kim tra 3000 ln m bo chnh xc ca thng tin. Nh vy, sau khi gii m 5,27 triu bit d liu th ch c khong 10 bit b sai lnh so vi lc u. Tng lai trong tm tay thi im hin ti, phng php ghi trn DNA cha th d liu ln cc chui c s dng, nhng n s v cng hu ch trong trng hp cn mt thit b gn nh v bn
cha mt d liu ln. Hn na, cng ngh sinh hc phn t cho php c thng tin m ha trn m khng cn mt thit b c chuyn dng nh cc a CD v DVD cc my tnh hin nay. Nh chng ta thy trn, mc d to ra nhiu bn sao cho mi sector nhng vic m ha v gii m thng tin trn ton b di DNA ghp ni vn cn mt s li. Vn ny c th c gii quyt nu tng s lng bn copy ln thm na. Kh khn ln nht ca phng thc lu tr sinh hc kiu ny l gi thnh ca n vn cn ln hn cc thit b cha d liu truyn thng. Tuy nhin, trong tng lai n s tr nn cnh tranh hn nhiu v cc cng ngh p dng cho php tc gim gi t 5 ti 10 ln/nm. Tin s Sriram Kosuri mt trong nhng tc gi bi bo va ng trn tp ch Science tin tng v hng i ca nhm: "Chng ti gp phi mt s ro cn, nhng khng phi l iu g qu kh phi dng li". Vi l trnh nh vy, 5 hoc 10 nm na, thay cho nhng cng, a quang, usb ... chng ta hy chun b n cho nhng thit b DNA u tin. Ngun: Harvard Medical School, Guardian, i09, Phys