My nhiu x tia X dng phn tch cu trc tinh th rt nhanh chng v chnh xc, ng dng nhiu trong vic

c phn tch cc mu cht, s dng trong nghin cu, trong cng nghip vt liu, trong ngnh vt l, ha hc v trong cc lnh vc khc. Php o nhiu x tia X khng nhng cho php xc nh cu trc tinh th ca ht nano, m cn cho php nh gi kch thc ht ca chng. Qua ph Xray ta bit c rng vch t bit c kch thc ht S dng cng thc Scherrer:

Trong : bc song; k=0.9 tha s hnh dng rng bn cc i ca vch (tnh theo rad) gc nhiu x
10 20

V U N IE E SD 0 5 - M u M N -H -S M N 5 0 a 3
d=3.311

10 10

10 00

90 0

80 0

Lin (Cps)

70 0

60 0

50 0

40 0

20 0

10 0

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

d=1.7302

30 0

d=2.0271

70

2 h ta - S a -T e c le
F : Q a g D -M .ra - T p : 2 ha n - S rt: 1 .0 0 - E d 7 .0 0 - S p 0 3 - S ptim : 1 s - T m .: 2 .0C(R o ) - A o e C - C a n 1 /2 /1 1 :2 :2 ile u n -N T 3 w y e T lo e ta 0 0 n: 0 0 te : .0 0 te e .0 e p 5 o m n d : u re tio : 1 4 1 1 7 3 3 -1 0 (I) - C p e G lliu In iu S le id - C G 0 In .7 e - Y 2 .2 %- dx b : 1 0 - W : 1 4 5 5 12 o p r a m d m e n e u a .3 0 S 2 : 0 3 y .0 0 L .5 0 6

Dng 1 (mu en): Tn ngi do/ gc qut/ thi gian/ nhit Dng 2 (mu ): Cc cht trong ph

Ch : Thay cc thng s vo tnh c D

Ch s cc nh cho bit dng vt liu, nh + Cng cho bit mc tinh th. Cc nh xut hin ca mi vt liu khc nhau s xut hin ti nhng gc khc nhau. Cng nhiu x cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh: - S tn x t cc electron trong mt nguyn t (c trng bi tha s tn x)
-

Tng hp tn x t tt c cc nguyn t trong mt c s (c trng bi cu trc hnh hc F(hkl))

Bit c dhkl trn hnh v (hkl) V d : d112= 3.311 ; ch s 112