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Faculty of Applied Chemistry

XC NH HM LNG CH TRONG RAU XANH


Nhm 1-2

Nguyn Th Yn Nhi Ng Th M Dung H Mnh Khang L Trung Hiu Nguyn Hong Minh

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

NI DUNG

Gii thiu v rau xanh v vai tr ca n i vi con ngi.


Gii thiu v ch v tc hi ca ch.

Gii thiu v phng php F-AAS.


Phng php x l mu kh t. Thc nghim v kt qu.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V RAU XANH V VAI TR CA N I VI CON NGI


Tm quan trng ca rau xanh
Cung cp vitamin, mui khong Cung cp cht x Gip h tr tiu ha Ngn nga cc bnh v tim mch.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V RAU XANH V VAI TR CA N I VI CON NGI


Th no l rau sch?
Rau sch l rau khng b nhim bi cc tc nhn l, ha, sinh hc vt qu quy nh cho php. Rau khng nh hng ti sc khe con ngi.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V RAU XANH V VAI TR CA N I VI CON NGI


nhim sinh hc
Do trong rau b nhim vi khun, vi rt, k sinh trng

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V RAU XANH V VAI TR CA N I VI CON NGI


nhim ha hc
nhim kim loi nng, ha cht bo v thc vt, cht ph gia.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V RAU XANH V VAI TR CA N I VI CON NGI


nhim vt l
Do trong rau c cha: Sn, ct v s dng cc tia phng x bo qun rau.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht vt l
Ch l kim loi mu xm thm, rt mm, d lt mng, c cu trc kiu lp phng tm din, s th t l 82 trong bng h thng tun hon.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht vt l
Bng 1. Hng s vt l ca Pb

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht ha hc
Ch b oxi ha thnh lp oxit mu xm bao bc trn b mt
2Pb + O2 2PbO Ch tc dng vi halogen v cc nguyn t phi kim

Pb + X2 PbX2 Ch ch tc dng trn b mt acid HCl long v dung dch acid sunfuric < 80% v b bao bc bi lp mui kh tan nhng i vi dung dch m hn ca cc acid ch c th tan v lp mui kh tan lp bo v chuyn thnh hp cht tan. PbCl2 + 2HCl H2PbCl4 PbSO4 + H2SO4 Pb(HSO4)2

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht ha hc
Vi HNO3 phn ng vi bt k nng no 3Pb + 8HNO3 3Pb(PN3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O

Ch khi c mt oxi c th tc dng vi nc


2Pb + 2H2O + O2 Pb(OH)2 Ch c th tan trong acid acetic v cc dung dch cht hu c khc 2Pb + 4CH3COOH + O2 2Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O Khi un nng ch tc dng vi dung dch kim

Pb + 2KOH + 2H2O K2[Pb(OH)4] + H2

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU V CH
ng dng
Dng trong xy dng, c qui ch, n v l mt phn ca nhiu hp kim. N c s dng nh cht nhum trng trong sn, thnh phn mu trong trng men c bit l to mu v vng. Ngoi ra, n cn c dng trong cc tm ngn chng phng x v trong nha PVC. Thm vo na l do n c tnh chng n mn cao nn n c s dng cha cc cht n mn nh axit sulfuric.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

TC HI CA CH I VI CON NGI
Ch l mt kim loi c c th gy tn hi cho h thn kinh, gy ra cc chng ri lon no v mu Tip xc lu ngy c th gy bnh thn, v cc cn au bt thng ging nh au bng v lm gim kh nng sinh sn nam gii i vi ph n mang thai, khi tip xc vi ch mc cao c th b xy thai

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

TC HI CA CH I VI CON NGI
Ch lm gin on qu trnh chuyn ha axit amino-levalinic sang photpho-billinnogen lm tng protoporphyrin t do trong hng cu v vy dn n thiu mu Ch ph hy myelin ca cc dy thn kinh ngoi bin lm gim s dn truyn thn kinh vn ng Ch cn gy ra tn thng thn, lm gim chc nng gan tm thi, gy au khp, au u, bun nn, au bng, mt mi,

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU PHNG PHP F-AAS


Nguyn tc
trng thi bnh thng th cc nguyn t khng hp thu hay bc x nng lng nhng khi chng tn ti trng thi t do di dng cc m hi nguyn t th chng s hp thu v bc x nng lng v mi nguyn t ny ch hp thu nhng bc x nht nh tng ng vi nhng bc x m chng c th pht ra trong qu trnh pht x.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU PHNG PHP F-AAS


Nguyn tc
Khi nguyn t nhn nng lng chng chuyn ln mc nng lng cao hn gi l trng thi kch thch v qu trnh c gi l qu trnh hp thu nng lng ca nguyn t t do trng thi hi v to ra ph ca nguyn t v ph ny c gi l ph hp thu nguyn t.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU PHNG PHP F-AAS


Cc qu trnh cn thit trong php o ph hp th nguyn t:
Chn iu kin v mt loi trang b ph hp chuyn ha mu phn tch t trang thi u (rn hay dung dch) thnh trng thi hi ca nguyn t t do. Chiu chm tia sng bc x c trng ca nguyn t cn phn tch qua m hi nguyn t va to ra. Nh mt h thng my quang ph thu ton b chm tia sng, phn li v chn mt vch ph hp th ca nguyn t cn nghin cu o cng ca n.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU PHNG PHP F-AAS


u im
C nhy v chn lc cao. Trong nhiu trng hp khng cn lm giu nguyn t cn xc nh trc khi phn tch. t tn nguyn tiu mu, t thi gian v khng cn ha cht tinh khit cao khi lm giu. Trnh c s nhim bn khi x l mu. Kt qu phn tch n nh v sai s nh.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

GII THIU PHNG PHP F-AAS


Nhc im
H thng my t tin, phc tp v kh tinh vi. S nhim bn rt c ngha i vi kt qu phn tch hm lng vt. Ch cho ta bit thnh phn nguyn t ca cht trong mu phn tch m khng ch ra trng thi lin kt ca nguyn t trong mu.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

PHNG PHP X L MU KH T
Nguyn tc chung
Mu
X l s b Mt lng nh axit v cht ph gia Than ho Nung 1000C

Hn hp

Than en

Nung Tro ho 0C 500

Tro trng
Mui m Nung 1000C Axit m c

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

PHNG PHP X L MU KH T
u im
Lng axit thng dng x l l rt t, v vy s t tn km axit hn. Sau khi x l s b em nung mu s phn hu s nhanh hn Hn ch bt c s mt ca mt s kim loi trong khi nung. t tn nhiu thi gian. Dung dch thu c l sch v trong hn so vi v c ho t.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

Phng php x l t kh

Cc loi axit thng dng cho qu trnh x l t kh l: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HCLO4...... Cc loi cht ph gia thng dng l: KNO3, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Na2B4O7......

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

Phng php x l t kh
C ch phn hu:
Giai on u x l t l k thut dng cc axit mnh, c phn hu mu. H2SO4 : ng vai tr phn hy cc hp cht hu c do axit ny c kh nng t chy cht hu c. HCl, HNO3, HClO4 : cc axit ny c vai tr xc tin cho phn ng nhanh hn v n c kh nng ct mch phn t. V d: x l mu thc phm rau qu:
Mu + HNO3 + H2SO4 CO2 + H2O + mui kim loi ha tan

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

Phng php x l t kh
C ch phn hu:
Giai on sau l x l kh: s dng nhit cao ph mu
Giai on than ha: mc ch ca qu trnh than ha l lm bc hi nc v cc axit s dng trong giai on trc cng vi mt s cht bay hi nhit khong 1000C Giai on tro ha: mc ch ca qu trnh tro ha l phn hy ton b cht hu c c trong mu, gii phng kim loi di dng t do hay mui kim loi tan.

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

THC NGHIM
Qui trnh thc nghim
Mu Ra sch Sy kh 5g mu, 10 ml HNO3 65%, 5ml Mg(NO3)2 2% Chn nung Nung 1000C Than en 20 ml HNO3 65% Nung 1000C Tro trng Nung 5000C

o bng thit b AAS nh mc bng HNO3 2% Mui m

Nung 3 gi 4500C
Tro

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

KT QU

Kt qu nng ch t ng chun

ng chun

Kt qu o hm lng ch trong rau

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

KT QU

Gii hn cho php 46/2007 Q BYT (mg/kg )

(1): mu rau ng (2): mu rau nhc (3): mu rau ng

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

TI LIU THAM KHO


http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AC http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AC#.E1.BB.A8ng_d.E1.BB.A5ng http://www.amthuc365.vn/t12930c167/cam-nang-huu-ich/2012/04/thuc-pham-nhiemchi-va-cach-phong-tranh.html http://thanhdiadc.forumotion.com/t19-topic http://rausach.com.vn/forum_posts.asp?TID=3152&PID=13810&SID=f928b8fe3be7b 9383cd2ca9cdf9cc3z9&title=rau-xanh-ca-mi-ngi#13810 http://rausach.com.vn/forum_posts.asp?TID=3152&PID=13810&title=rau-xanh-cami-ngi#13810 T Vng Nghi (2001), Ha hc phn tch- C s l thuyt cc phng php ha hc phn tch, NXB i hc Quc Gia H Ni Trn T Hiu, T Vng Nghi, Nguyn Vn Ri, Nguyn Xun Trung (2003)Ccphng php phn tch cng c - phn hai - i hc Khoa hc T nhin - ihc Quc Gia H Ni Phm Lun(1998), C s l thuyt phng php phn tch ph pht x v hp th nguyn t phn II - i hc Khoa hc T nhin- i hc Quc Gia H Ni Phm Lun (2003), Phng php phn tch ph hp th nguyn t - NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_t%C3%ADch_As_b%E1%BA%B1ng_ph%C 6%B0%C6%A1ng_ph%C3%A1p_AAS

Faculty of Applied Chemistry

Chn thnh cm n !

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