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Nguyn Th Yn Nhi Ng Th M Dung H Mnh Khang L Trung Hiu Nguyn Hong Minh
NI DUNG
GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht vt l
Ch l kim loi mu xm thm, rt mm, d lt mng, c cu trc kiu lp phng tm din, s th t l 82 trong bng h thng tun hon.
GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht vt l
Bng 1. Hng s vt l ca Pb
GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht ha hc
Ch b oxi ha thnh lp oxit mu xm bao bc trn b mt
2Pb + O2 2PbO Ch tc dng vi halogen v cc nguyn t phi kim
Pb + X2 PbX2 Ch ch tc dng trn b mt acid HCl long v dung dch acid sunfuric < 80% v b bao bc bi lp mui kh tan nhng i vi dung dch m hn ca cc acid ch c th tan v lp mui kh tan lp bo v chuyn thnh hp cht tan. PbCl2 + 2HCl H2PbCl4 PbSO4 + H2SO4 Pb(HSO4)2
GII THIU V CH
Tnh cht ha hc
Vi HNO3 phn ng vi bt k nng no 3Pb + 8HNO3 3Pb(PN3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
GII THIU V CH
ng dng
Dng trong xy dng, c qui ch, n v l mt phn ca nhiu hp kim. N c s dng nh cht nhum trng trong sn, thnh phn mu trong trng men c bit l to mu v vng. Ngoi ra, n cn c dng trong cc tm ngn chng phng x v trong nha PVC. Thm vo na l do n c tnh chng n mn cao nn n c s dng cha cc cht n mn nh axit sulfuric.
TC HI CA CH I VI CON NGI
Ch l mt kim loi c c th gy tn hi cho h thn kinh, gy ra cc chng ri lon no v mu Tip xc lu ngy c th gy bnh thn, v cc cn au bt thng ging nh au bng v lm gim kh nng sinh sn nam gii i vi ph n mang thai, khi tip xc vi ch mc cao c th b xy thai
TC HI CA CH I VI CON NGI
Ch lm gin on qu trnh chuyn ha axit amino-levalinic sang photpho-billinnogen lm tng protoporphyrin t do trong hng cu v vy dn n thiu mu Ch ph hy myelin ca cc dy thn kinh ngoi bin lm gim s dn truyn thn kinh vn ng Ch cn gy ra tn thng thn, lm gim chc nng gan tm thi, gy au khp, au u, bun nn, au bng, mt mi,
PHNG PHP X L MU KH T
Nguyn tc chung
Mu
X l s b Mt lng nh axit v cht ph gia Than ho Nung 1000C
Hn hp
Than en
Tro trng
Mui m Nung 1000C Axit m c
PHNG PHP X L MU KH T
u im
Lng axit thng dng x l l rt t, v vy s t tn km axit hn. Sau khi x l s b em nung mu s phn hu s nhanh hn Hn ch bt c s mt ca mt s kim loi trong khi nung. t tn nhiu thi gian. Dung dch thu c l sch v trong hn so vi v c ho t.
Phng php x l t kh
Cc loi axit thng dng cho qu trnh x l t kh l: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HCLO4...... Cc loi cht ph gia thng dng l: KNO3, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Na2B4O7......
Phng php x l t kh
C ch phn hu:
Giai on u x l t l k thut dng cc axit mnh, c phn hu mu. H2SO4 : ng vai tr phn hy cc hp cht hu c do axit ny c kh nng t chy cht hu c. HCl, HNO3, HClO4 : cc axit ny c vai tr xc tin cho phn ng nhanh hn v n c kh nng ct mch phn t. V d: x l mu thc phm rau qu:
Mu + HNO3 + H2SO4 CO2 + H2O + mui kim loi ha tan
Phng php x l t kh
C ch phn hu:
Giai on sau l x l kh: s dng nhit cao ph mu
Giai on than ha: mc ch ca qu trnh than ha l lm bc hi nc v cc axit s dng trong giai on trc cng vi mt s cht bay hi nhit khong 1000C Giai on tro ha: mc ch ca qu trnh tro ha l phn hy ton b cht hu c c trong mu, gii phng kim loi di dng t do hay mui kim loi tan.
THC NGHIM
Qui trnh thc nghim
Mu Ra sch Sy kh 5g mu, 10 ml HNO3 65%, 5ml Mg(NO3)2 2% Chn nung Nung 1000C Than en 20 ml HNO3 65% Nung 1000C Tro trng Nung 5000C
Nung 3 gi 4500C
Tro
KT QU
Kt qu nng ch t ng chun
ng chun
KT QU
Chn thnh cm n !