CHUYN IN PHN DUNG DCH

Dng III: Bi ton xc nh tn nguyn t thng qua in phn Loi I: Bi tp t lun

Bi 1: in phn dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi M (ha tr II). Khi anot thu c 0.448 lt kh (ktc) th thy khi lng catot tng 2.36 gam. a. Xc nh kim loi trong mui. b. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. Bi 2: in phn 200 gam dung dch mui MSO4 nng 4% n khi hai in cc cng c kh thot ra th dng li. Ly catot ra ra sch, lm kh cn li thy khi lng tng ln 3.2 gam. a. Xc nh kim loi M. b. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. c. Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn. Bi 3: in phn 200 gam dung dch mui MSO4 nng 7.75% n khi s mol ca axit trong dung dch khng i th dng li. Khi lng catot tng ln 5.9 gam. a. Xc nh kim loi M. b. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. c. Trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn bao nhiu gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Bi 4 i hc Kinh t Quc dn nm 1999: in phn (dng in cc tr) dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ha tr II vi cng dng l 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1.92 gam. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti mi in cc v phng trnh chung cho qu trnh in phn. b. Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat. c. Hy tnh th tch ca lng kh to thnh ti anot 25oC v 770 mmHg. Bi 5: in phn 784 gam dung dch R2(SO4)3 10% vi in cc tr, c mng ngn gia cc in cc v vi cng I = 15A trong 3860 giy th ngng in phn. ng lc thu c 10.4 gam kim loi catot. a. Xc nh kim loi R (R l mt kim loi trong dy in ha v khng phi l st). b. Xc nh nng % cc cht cn li trong dung dch sau khi in phn. Bi 6: Ha tan hn hp A gm kim loi M v oxit MO ca kim loi y (M ch c mt ha tr) trong 2 lt dung dch HNO3 1M th c 4.48 lt (ktc) kh NO bay ra. trung ha axit cn d trong dung dch B thu c cn 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0.5M khi ta thu c dung dch C. a. Tnh s mol M v MO trong hn hp A. b. in phn dung dch C vi in cc tr trong thi gian 48 pht 15 giy th thu c 11.52 gam kim loi M bn catot v 2.016 lt kh (ktc) bn anot. Xc nh kim loi M v cng dng in. c. Tnh thi gian in phn tip dung dch mt ht ion M2+. Cng dng in vn nh cu trn. Bi 7: Trong 500 ml dung dch A cha 0.4925 gam hn hp gm mui clorua v hydroxit ca cng mt kim loi kim. O pH ca dung dch A c pH = 12. Khi in phn 1/10 dung dch A (c mng ngn xp) cho n khi ht Cl- th thu c 11.2 ml Cl2 ( 273oC v 1 atm). a. Xc nh tn kim loi kim bit rng trong bnh in phn c vch ngn.

b. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. c. Bit 1/10 dung dch A th tc dng va vi 25 ml dung dch CuCl2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuCl2. Bi 8: Ha tan 16 gam mui MSO4 vo nc thnh 2 lt dung dch A. in phn dung dch A n khi hai cc cng c kh thot ra th dng li. Dung dch khi c pH = 1, khi lng catot tng m gam. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng. b. Tm cng thc ca mui ban u, khi lng kim loi trn catot v nng ca dung dch. c. Tnh thi gian in phn, bit cng dng in l 1A. Bi 9 HQG thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 2001: Ha tan 4.5 gam tinh th XSO4.5H2O vo nc thu c dung dch A (dung dch XSO4). in phn dung dch A vi in cc tr. - Nu thi gian in phn l t giy th thu c kim loi ti catot v 0.007 mol kh ti anot. - Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th thu c 0.024 mol kh c hai in cc. a. Xc nh XSO4.5H2O b. Cho I = 1.93A. Tnh thi gian t.

Loi II: Bi tp trc nghim

Bi 1: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch mui clorua ca mt kim loi ha tr II vi cng dng in 3A. Sau 1930 giy, thy khi lng catot tng 1.92 gam. Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l kim loi no di y. A. Ni B. Zn C. Fe D. Cu Bi 2: in phn 100 ml dung dch cha 2.7 gam mui clorua ca kim loi X cho ti khi kh bt u xut hin catot th ngng in phn thu c 0.228 lt kh anot (o ktc). Kim loi l: A. Cu B. Zn C. Al D. Mg Bi 3: in phn 100 ml dung dch XSO4 0.2M vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 10A trong thi gian t, khi anot thot ra 224 ml kh ( ktc) th cng lc kim loi bm vo catot c 1.28 gam. - Xc nh tn kim loi X. A. Fe B. Zn C. Cu D. Mg - Tnh thi gian t, bit hiu sut phn ng t 100% A. 579 giy B. 386 giy C. 193 giy D. 289.5 giy

Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch sau in phn, bit th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. A. 0.15M B. 0.12M C. 0.1M D. 0.18M Bi 4: in phn 100 ml dung dch XSO4 0.2M vi cng dng in I = 9.65A sau 200 giy th dng li thy khi lng catot tng 0.64 gam. - Xc nh tn kim loi X. A. Ni B. Zn C. Cu D. Fe - Nu in phn dung dch ny n 500 giy th khi lng catot tng: A. 1.6 gam B. 0.8 gam C. 0.96 gam D. 1.28 gam Bi 5: in phn (c mng ngn) hon ton dung dch c cha 0.745 gam XCl, cng dng in mt chiu I = 9.65A. Khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th mt 100 giy. - Xc nh kim loi X. A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb - Gi s th tch dung dch sau in phn l 100 ml. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn. A. 13 B. 12 C. 11 D. 10

CHUYN BI TP IN PHN NNG CHY

Loi I: Bi tp t lun
Bi 1: in phn mui clorua kim loi nng chy, ngi ta thu c 0.896 lt kh (ktc) anot v 3.12 gam kim loi catot. Hy xc nh cng thc mui in phn. Bi 2: in phn nng chy 4 gam hydroxit ca kim loi thu c anot mt hn hp kh c th tch o ktc l 1.68 lt. Phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng in phn. b. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hydroxit. Bi 3: in phn nng chy mt hp cht oxit kim loi thu c 10.8 gam kim loi catot v ng thi anot c 6.72 lt kh thot ra (o ktc), phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. Vit qu trnh in phn hp cht oxit. b. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca oxit. Bi 4: Khi in phn nng chy mt oxit kim loi thu c 0.224 lt kh ( ktc) anot, th khi lng catot tng ln 2.74 gam.

a. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi trn. b. Ha tan kim loi thu c vo nc c dung dch A. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0.1M trung ha 1/10 dung dch A. Bi 5: Sn xut Al bng phng php in phn nng chy Al2O3. Hy cho bit lng Al2O3 v C (anot) cn dng c th sn xut c 0.54 tn Al. Cho rng ton b lng O2 sinh ra t chy cc dng thnh kh CO2. Bi 6 i hc Ngoi thng nm 2001: Ngi ta dng than ch kh Al2O3 bng phng php in phn nng chy Al2O3. thu c 6.75 kg Al, ng thi to ra hn hp kh A gm: 20% CO; 70% CO2 v 10% O2 theo th tch. a. Hy tnh khi lng than ch b tiu hao v lng Al2O3 b in phn. b. Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp kh A so vi H2.

Loi II: Bi tp trc nghim

Bi 1: in phn nng chayr2.34 gam NaCl vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 9.65A. Tnh khi lng Na bm vo catot khi thi gian in phn l 200 giy. A. 0.23 gam B. 0.276 gam C. 0.345 gam D. 0.46 gam in phn ht lng NaCl ban u vi cng dng in khng i th thi gian in phn l: A. 500 giy B. 400 giy C. 300 giy D. 200 giy Bi 2: in phn nng chy a gam mui G to bi kim loi M v halogen X ta thu c 0.96 gam kim loi M catot v 0.04 mol kh anot. Mt khc, ha tan a gam mui G vo nc sau cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 11.48 gam kt ta. - Cho bit X l halogen no: A. Clo B. Brom C. Iot D. Khng d liu. - Cho bit M l kim loi no: A. Na B. Mg C. Al D. Khng d liu. Bi 3: in phn nng chy hon ton 4 gam XOH, kim loi X bm vo catot cho tc dng ht vi nc thu c 1 lt dung dch A c pH bng 13. - Cho bit X l kim loi g. A. K B. Li C. Na D. Rb - Nu cng dng in l 193A th thi gian in phn l bao nhiu.

A. B. C. D.

50 giy 40 giy 30 giy 60 giy

CHUYN IN PHN DUNG DCH

Dng II: Bi ton in phn hn hp Loi I: in phn th t tng cht Loi I.1: Bi tp t lun
Bi 1: Thit lp s in phn dung dch hn hp cha HgCl2 0.2M v CuCl2 0.4M. Cht g v lng bao nhiu thot ra trn cc in cc than khi cho dng in mt chiu vi cng bng 2.68A i qua 500ml trong vng 4 gi. Tnh nng mol.l ca dung dch thu c sau khi in phn (bit Hg = 201). Bi 2: in phn 250ml dung dch A gm: HgCl2 0.4M v CuCl2 0.8M vi in cc tr, bng dng in mt chiu vi cng dng in l 5.36A; sau 2 gi th ngng in phn. a. Cho bit cht g v lng bao nhiu sinh ra trn b mt catot v anot (cht rn tnh theo khi lng, cht kh tnh theo th tch ktc) b. Dung dch sau in phn gi l dung dch B, thm 100ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vo dung dch B ri in phn bng dng in vi cng dng bng 5A th cn phi in phn vi thi gian bao lu anot thu c 2.8 lt kh ktc? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 3: C 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung dch ngi ta dng dng in mt chiu c I = 0.402A trong thi gian 4 gi. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng cc in cc v phng trnh in phn xy ra. Kim loi no xut hin trc. b. Tnh nng mol/l dung dch mui nitrat bit c 3.44 gam kim loi bm vo catot c. Hin tng g cho ta thy khi cc mui b in phn ht Gii thch? Bi 4: Ha tan 7.8 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Ag bng dung dch H2SO4 98% un nng thu c 1.4 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. a. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X. b. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Phn ng va vi 50 gam dung dch NaOH 4% th bt u thy c kt ta xut hin. Tnh nng % ca cc cht c trong dung dch A. Phn 2: em in phn vi cng dng in 0.5A trong 9650 giy. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot. Bi 5: Cho 200 gam dung dch hn hp gm AgNO34.25% v Cu(NO3)2 9.4% (dung dch A). in phn dung dch A n khi catot c 7.96 gam kim loi bm vo th dng li c dung dch B. a. Tnh nng ca cc cht trong dung dch B. b. Nu in phn dung dch B vi dng in mt chiu c cng l 5A th cn bao nhiu thi gian in phn ht kim loi trong dung dch. Bi 6: Trn 200ml dung dch AgNO3 vi 350 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 c dung dch hn hp A.

Ly 250 ml dung dch A thc hin in phan vi cng dng in bng 0.429A th sau 5 gi in phn hon ton, khi lng kim loi thu c l 6.36 gam. a. Tnh nng mol/l ca mui trong hai dung dch trc khi trn. b. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau in phn. Bit th tch dung dch khng i. c. Tnh thi gian in phn c dung dch c pH = 0.2 (Ch : pH = 0.2 [H+] = 0.63M) Bit rng: Cng dng in 50A Cho rng khi lng ring ca dung dch trc v sau khi in phn khng i v bng 1.1 g/ml. Bi 7: in phn hon ton 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm KCl 0.01M, HCl 0.01M v FeCl2 0.01M trong mt bnh c in cc tr, vch ngn xp vi cng dng in bng 5A. V th cho bit s bin thin pH ca dung dch theo thi gian in phn. Bit rng th tch dung dch in phn khng thay i ng k trong sut qu trnh in phn v ion Fe2+ c coi l khng b thy phn. Bi 8: Ha tan hn hp hai mui CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc, pha long n thnh 200 ml dung dch A. in phn dung dch A mt thi gian, cc dng thu c 0.448 lt hn hp kh B ( ktc), c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 25.75. a. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot. b. Dung dch cn li sau in phn tc dng va vi 75 gam dung dch NaOH 4% to ra lng kt ta ln nht D. Nung D n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn E. - Tnh khi lng cht rn E. - Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch A.

Loi I.2: Bi tp trc nghim

Bi 1: Khi in phn (c mng ngn) dung dch hn hp HCl, NaCl, CuCl2 trong dung dch c 1 t qu tm. Tin hnh in phn dung dch cho n khi nc b in phn c hai in cc th mu qu bin i nh th no. A. Tm xanh B. xanh tm C. Xanh tm D. tm xanh Bi 2: Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X ( catot bt u thot ra H 2) cha hn hp AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c 56 gam hn hp kim loi catot v 4.48 lt kh anot ( ktc). Tnh s mol mi mui trong X. A. 0.1 mol AgNO3 v 0.1 mol Cu(NO3)2 B. 0.2 mol AgNO3 v 0.1 mol Cu(NO3)2 C. 0.4 mol AgNO3 v 0.2 mol Cu(NO3)2 D. 0.3 mol AgNO3 v 0.3 mol Cu(NO3)2 Bi 3: in phn dung dch hn hp cha Ag2SO4 v CuSO4 mt thi gian thy khi lng catot tng ln 4.96 gam v kh thot ra anot c th tch l 0.336 lt ( ktc). Khi lng kim loi bm catot ln lt l: A. 4.32 gm v 0.64 gam B. 3.32 gm v 1.64 gam C. 4.12 gm v 0.84 gam D. Kt qu khc.

Bi 4: in phn 100ml dung dch cha AgNO3 0.1M v Cu(NO3)2 0.1M vi cng dng in I l 1.93A. Tnh thi gian in phn (vi hiu sut 100%) 1. in phn ht Ag (t1) 2. in phn ht Ag v Cu (t2) A. t1 = 500s, t2 = 1000s B. t1 = 1000s, t2 = 1500s C. t1 = 500s, t2 = 1200s D. t1 = 500s, t2 = 1500s Bi 5: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0.2M v AgNO3 0.1M vi cng dng in I = 3.86A. Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm trn catot l 1.72 gam A. 250s B. 1000s C. 500s D. 750s

Loi II: in phn cho Loi II.1: Bi tp t lun

Bi 1 s 14 Cu I2 Vit s in phn n khi H2O b in phn c hai in cc, khi in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl trong 3 trng hp: b =2a, b < 2a v b > 2a. Bi 2: in phn 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm MgCl2 1M v CuSO4 0.8M trong 6 gi vi cng dng in mt chiu I = 2.68A. a. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm vo catot v th tch kh ktc thot ra anot. b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch thu c sau in phn (bit rng th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k trong sut qu trnh in phn). Bi 3: in phn 1 lt dung dch hn hp A gm HCl 0.2M v CuSO4 0.15M trong 33 pht 20 giy vi cng dng in I = 9.65A. a. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm bn catot v th tch kh (ktc) thot ra bn anot, khi lng dung dch B thu c sau thi gian in phn trn, bit rng dung dch A c d = 1.1 g/ml. b. Phi tip tc in phn trong bao lu c c nc b in phn c hai in cc. c. Tnh pH dung dch ngay khi y. Nu tip tc in phn th pH dung dch s thay i nh th no? (tng hay gim). Gi s th tch ca dung dch khng thay i trong sut qu trnh in phn mui. Bi 4: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl cho n khi H2O bt u b in phn c 2 in cc th dng li. anot thu c 0.448 lt kh ( ktc). Dung dch sau in phn c th ha tan ti a 0.68 gam Al2O3. a. Tnh khi lng ca m. b. Tnh khi lng catot tng ln trong qu trnh in phn. c. Tnh khi lng dugn dch gim trong qu trnh in phn, gi s nc bay hi khng ng k.

Loi II.2: Bi tp trc nghim

Bi 1: in phn dung dch cha CuSO4 v KCl vi s mol nCuSO4 > .nKCl vi in cc tr. Bit rng qu trnh in phn gm 3 giai on. Hy cho bit kh thot ra mi giai on. A. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: O2 Katot: khng c kh; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. B. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. C. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: khng c kh; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. D. G1: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G2: Anot: Cl2 Katot: H2; G3: Anot: O2 Katot: H2. Bi 2 thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B nm 2007: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch) A. b > 2a B. b = 2a C. b < 2a D. 2b = a Bi 3: in phn dung dch cha CuSO4 v MgCl2 c cng nng mol vi in cc tr. Hy cho bit nhng cht g ln lt xut hin bn catot v bn anot. A. K: Cu, Mg A: Cl2, O2 B. K: Cu, H2 A: Cl2, O2 C. K: Cu, Mg A: Cl2, H2 D. K: Cu, Mg, H2 A: Ch c O2 Bi 4: in phn c mng ngn in cc tr 100 ml dung dch cha CuSO4, NaCl u c nng mol/l l 0.1M vi cng I = 0.5A sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch c pH = 2. Thi gian tin hnh in phn l: A. 193s B. 1930s C. 2123s D. 1737s Bi 5: in phn dung dch cha 7.45 gam KCl v 28.2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, c mng ngn) n khi khi lng dung dch gim 10.75 gam th ngt mch. Dung dch sau khi in phn cha nhng cht g sau y. A. KNO3 v KCl d B. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 cn d. C. KNO3, Cu(NO3)2 cn d, HNO3 D. KNO3 v KOH. Bi 6: in phn dung dch hn hp cha 18.8 gam Cu(NO3)2 v 29.8 gam KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Sau mt thi gian in phn thy khi lng dung dch gim 17.15 gam so vi khi lng ban u, th tch dung dch sau in phn l 400 ml. Nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn l: A. [KCl] = 0.375M; [KNO3] = 0.25M v [KOH] = 0.25M B. [KCl] = 0.5M; [KNO3] = 0.25M v [KOH] = 0.25M C. [KCl] = 0.25M; [KNO3] = 0.5M v [KOH] = 0.25M

D. Kt qu khc.