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Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007

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Gii thiu
Phng php phn t hu hn
TS. Nguyn Hng Nam
PLAXIS FINITE ELEMENT CODES
H Ni, 3-2007
LP BI DNG NGN HN
Ketcau.com
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Phn tch bi ton a k thut
(Koseki, 1999)
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3
Li gii bi ton c hc vt rn
Lc khi v
lc mt, F
i
, T
i
ng sut

ij
Bin dng

ij
Chuyn v
u
i
Cn bng Tng hp
M hnh vt liu
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Phn tch bi ton a k thut
Khi thit k cc bi ton a k thut cn phi xem xt:
n nh cc b, tng th cng trnh
Ni lc trong kt cu (lc dc, lc ct, m men)
Chuyn v ca cng trnh v t nn xung quanh
Chuyn v v ni lc kt cu xut hin trong cc cng trnh ln cn
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Cc phng php gii bi ton a k thut
Kinh nghim thc t
Li gii l thuyt closed form
Phng php cn bng gii hn LEM (Limit equilibrium method)
Phng php s :
9 Sai phn hu hn FD (Finite Difference)
9 Phn t bin BE (Boundary element)
9 Phn t hu hn FE (Finite element)
9 Phn t ri rc DE (Distinct element)
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Cc bc c bn ca phng php PTHH
Chia li phn t hu hn
Chuyn v ti cc nt l cc n s
Chuyn v bn trong phn t c
ni suy t cc gi tr chuyn v nt
M hnh vt liu (quan h ng sut-
bin dng)
iu kin bin v chuyn v, lc
Gii h phng trnh tng th cn
bng lc cho kt qu chuyn v nt
Tnh cc i lng khc (bin dng,
ng sut).
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Cc phn t c bn
Phn t 6 im nt
Phn t 15 im nt
Li phn t hu hn
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M hnh bi ton
Bin dng phng
(Plane strain)
i xng trc
(Axis-symmetry)
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Phn t 6 nt
Phn t 6 im nt: Ni suy bc 2
u(x,y) = a
0
+ a
1
x + a
2
y + a
3
x
2
+ a
4
xy + a
5
y
2
v(x,y) = b
0
+ b
1
x + b
2
y + b
3
x
2
+ b
4
xy + b
5
y
2
Cch vit khc:
u = N
1
u
1
+N
2
u
2
+N
3
u
3
+N
4
u
4
+N
5
u
5
+N
6
u
6
=[N]{U}
v = N
1
v
1
+N
2
v
2
+N
3
v
3
+N
4
v
4
+N
5
v
5
+N
6
v
6
=[N]{V}
[N]: hm dng
Chuyn v
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Cc phn t bc cao 15 nt: S dng cc a thc bc 4
Bin dng: Tnh t cc chuyn v.
i vi phn t 6 im nt:

xx
u
x
a a x a y = = + +
1 3 4
2

yy
v
x
b b x b y = = + +
2
4 2 5

xy
u
y
v
x
b a a b x a b y = + = + + + + ( )( ) ( )
1 2 4 3 5 4
2 2
Bin dng
u(x,y) = a
0
+ a
1
x + ...+ a
15
y
4
v(x,y) = b
0
+ b
1
x + ...+ b
15
y
4
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Quan h chuyn v-bin dng

(
(
(
xx
yy
xy
U
U
V
U
U
V
e
=

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
1
1
2
6
6
...
...
U
i
v V
i
l chuyn v ti nt th i
Trong : B-ma trn quan h bin dng-chuyn v
e
Bu =
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M hnh vt liu
Quan h ng sut-bin dng ca t rt phc tp. C th
n gin ho chng v mt s dng sau:
n hi tuyn tnh
n hi phi tuyn
n hi-do (Mohr-Coloumb)
Cam-clay
Hardening soil
Soft soil

Chn
m hnh no ?
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Bn cht ca t
Cu trc vi m ca t l khng lin tc, bao gm cc ht t c
kch thc v hnh dng khc nhau
S sp xp cc ht t thin nhin khng u nhng thng c cu
trc do lin kt vt l/ho hc gia cc ht
S trt ca cc lin kt to ra s bin dng v m v thay i th
tch. Bn thn ht t cng c th b bin dng.
Ht ct (Goto, 1986) Ht st (Sivakugan, 2001)
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= C
C l ma trn cng ca vt liu
i vi vt liu n hi, ng hng, bin dng phng
E = M un n hi [kN/m
2
]
= H s Poisson [-]
Quan h ng sut-bin dng
( )( )
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
=
2
2 1
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 2 1




E
C
nh lut Hooke
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15
Lc nt P
e
do: Lc khi v lc mt tc dng ln phn t
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
e
x
y
x
y
x
y
=
|
\

|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
1
2
2
6
6
...
...
Quan h lc nt v chuyn v nt
K
e*
U
e
= P
e
Trong K
e
l ma trn cng phn t
Trong : C: Ma trn cng vt liu
B : ma trn tng quan bin dng-chuyn v
Ma trn cng phn t

= CBdv B K
T e
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T hp tt c cc ma trn cng K
e
cho ton b li
KU = P
Ma trn dng bng K
Ma trn cng tng
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ng sut ban u
ng sut ban u th hin trng thi cn bng ca
khi t nguyn dng, bao gm:
- Trng lng t
- Lch s cht ti
ng sut ban u c to ra bi:
- Phng php K
o
- Phng php trng lc
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Phng php K
o
ng sut ban u c tnh nh sau:
Phi bit h s p lc t K
o
Thun li: Khng lin quan n chuyn v
Kh khn: Khng cn bng i vi cc mt nghing
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Phng php trng lc
ng sut ban u do trng lng gy
ra
Thun li: Cn bng tho mn mi
trng hp
Kh khn: Tn ti chuyn v khng
hp l
i vi nn 1 trc:

=
1
' '
v h
v
v
K
o

=
1
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Phng php trng lc
B qua Phng php K
o
, Mweight=0
Phase 1: Chn Plastic calculation, Total multipliers
t Mweight=1
Phase 2: Chn Reset displacements to zero loi b
cc chuyn v do trng lc gy ra
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Phng php trng lc
Ch :
i vi vt liu khng thot nc
Chn Ignore undrained behaviour trong Phase 1
ngn chn p lc l rng tng thm khng hp l
Phng php K
o
c to t trc
Trong giai on ban u, lm li phng php K
o
vi
Mweight=0 t li gi tr ng sut ban u bng 0
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Phng php trng lc
Phng php trng lc nn s dng trong cc
trng hp di y, thay th phng php K
o
.
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Bin dng n hi v bin dng do

p

e

p e
+ =
Trong ,

e
: bin dng n hi,

p
: bin dng do,
: bin dng tng.
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24
n hi ng hng
Quan h ng sut -bin dng l tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn
Khi cht ti ri d ti, vt liu tr v nguyn trng thi ban u
Bin dng ph thuc tng ng sut
Lc tc dng nh hn ti trng gii hn (gii hn lm vic)
La chn E, v ?

Tuyn tnh
Phi tuyn
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25
M hnh n hi tng qut
{ } | |{ } D =
Ma trn D bao gm: 36 pt (tng qut), 21 phn t (i xng),13 phn t
(i xng qua 1 mt phng), 9 phn t (i xng qua 3 mt phng), 5
phn t (i xng trc)
n hi ng hng, 2 trong 4 tham s sau l c lp: E, , K, G
nh lut Hooke

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
zx
yz
xy
z
y
x
D D D D D D
D D D D D D
D D D D D D
D D D D D D
D D D D D D
D D D D D D

66 65 64 63 62 61
56 55 54 53 52 51
46 45 44 43 42 41
36 35 34 33 32 31
26 25 24 23 22 21
16 15 14 13 12 11
Bin
dng
ng
sut
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26
Bin dng do
S ng hng (coaxiality):
Cc trc chnh cu tng ng sut
v tng bin dng chnh cng
phng
Hm th nng do g (Plastic
potential function) S tng bin dng
do c lp vi t s hoc ln ca
tng ng sut, nhng ph thuc
trng thi ng sut
Vect tng bin dng do vung
gc mt cong g
ij
p
ij
g
d

=
&
g(
ij
)=const
ij
p

&
3 3
,
& &
1 1
,
& &
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
27
Hm chy (Yield function)
Bin dng do ch xy ra khi mt hm ng
sut f duy tr ln nht v tng df >0
Min n hi
Min do
df > 0 : cht ti
df < 0: d ti
df = 0: khng b/ ti
Mt chy
Ch : f, g l hm c lp
h to tham s l cc
ng sut chnh
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
28
L thuyt do
m phng cc c tnh bin dng do, mt trong hai gi thit sau
c s dng:
f=g: lut dng kt hp (l thuyt do c in)
fg: lut dng khng kt hp (ng x thc ca t)
Ngoi ra, phi c quy lut v s thay i hm chy (Yield function)
Isotropic
hardening
Kinematic
hardening

i
tng
p

j
tng
p
i
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
29
M hnh n hi tuyn tnh tng ng
ng x thc ca t khng
phi n hi, tuyn tnh
M un ct tuyn E
50
thng
c s dng trong thit k s
b
E
50
thng c thc hin t
th nghim nn n hng
(unconfined compression test)

1
q=
1
-
3
E
50

3
=0
q
f
q
50
Cch xc nh E
50
t th
nghim nn n hng
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
30
M hnh Mohr-Coulomb

x
=
z
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
31
M hnh do tuyt i
Xp x bc nht quan h ng sut-bin dng

o
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
32
M phng quan h US-BD trong th
nghim 3 trc (2 on thng)
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
33
Hm chy (Yield function)

+
=
2
y x
s

2
2
2
xy
y x
r

+


=
iu kin trn p dng cho tt c
cc mt phng nghing mt gc
cos sin c s r f

y
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
34
Hm chy (Yield function)
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
35
Gc n (Dilatancy angle)
Trt xy ra trn mt nghing mt gc so vi phng ngang
(khng trt trn mt phng ngang)
Gc ma st c huy ng trn mt phng ngang () ln hn gc ma
st chng li s trt trn mt phng nghing (
i
)
i
+ =
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
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w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
36
Ct n gin, thot nc
(Drained simple shear test)
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
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w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
37
Ct 3 trc, thot nc
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
38
Cc tham s ca m hnh Mohr-Coulomb
Gc ma st trong
Lc dnh c
Gc n
M un n hi E
50
H s Poisson
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
39
Nhn xt m hnh M-C
u im: n gin
Nhc im:
- Cha xt nh hng ca
2
- Cha xt s ph thuc trng thi ng sut
ca cc c tnh n hi
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m
Nguyn Hng Nam, 2007
48
Kt lun
Phng php phn t hu hn l mt cng c hu ch trong vic m
phng cc bi ton a k thut.
M hnh vt liu c ngha quan trng khi m phng ng x thc
ca t.
Cc iu kin bin cn phi thch hp i vi cc giai on thi cng
khc nhau.
C th xc nh c c ch ph hoi m khng cn phi xc nh
trc nh i vi cc phng php s khc.
S
i
m
p
o

P
D
F

M
e
r
g
e

a
n
d

S
p
l
i
t

U
n
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

-

h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
m
p
o
p
d
f
.
c
o
m

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