(YRC) Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của Đài Loan và đề xuất giải pháp thu hút dòng vốn này vào Việt Nam

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

---------o0o---------
Cng trnh tham d Cuc thi

Sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc Trng i hc Ngoi thng 2012
Tn cng trnh:
u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan
v xut gii php thu ht dng vn ny vo Vit Nam
Nhm ngnh: KD3
H Ni, thng 4 nm 2012
MC LC
LI M U ..................................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1 ......................................................................................................................................5
MT S L LUN V U T TRC TIP NC NGOI. ..5
Khi nim v c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ....................... 5
1.1.
1.1.1.
Khi nim u t trc tip nc ngoi ............................................................ 5
1.1.2.
c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi ...................................................... 6
1.2.1.
Khung php l v u t trc tip nc ngoi ................................................ 8
1.2.2.
Cc yu t ca mi trng kinh t ................................................................. 10
1.3.1.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti tng trng kinh t 12
1.3.1.1.
Gp phn ci thin vn cho pht trin kinh t x hi ........................... 12
1.3.1.2.
ng gp vo ngun thu ngn sch ........................................................ 13
1.3.1.3.
Gp phn nng cao nng lc cng ngh cho nc ch nh v nng lc
cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip trong nc ................................................................. 13

1.3.2.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti chuyn dch c cu
kinh t.. .................................................................................................... 14

1.3.2.1.
Thay i c cu kinh t vi t trng cng nghip v dch v tng ln 14
1.3.2.2.
Thc hin cng nghip ha nng thn ................................................... 14
1.3.3.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti phc li x hi ....... 15
1.3.3.1.
Tc ng ti vic lm v cht lng ngun lao ng............................ 15
1.3.3.2.
Nng cao mc sng, mc thu nhp ca ngi dn ............................... 15
1.3.3.3.
Nng cao c s h tng cho x hi .......................................................... 16
CHNG 2 ....................................................................................................................................17
C IM FDI RA NC NGOI CA I LOAN ............................................................17
Chnh sch u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan qua cc giai on 17
2.1.
2.2.1.
Giai on 1991 2000 .................................................................................... 19
2.2.1.1.
Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ......................... 19
2.2.1.2.
C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan ................ 21
2.2.2.
Giai on 2001 n nay .................................................................................. 30
2.2.2.1.
Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ......................... 30
2.2.2.2.
C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan ................ 33
CHNG 3 ....................................................................................................................................53
XUT GII PHP THU HT NGUN VN FDI T I LOAN VO VIT NAM .54
3.1.
D on xu hng u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan...................... 54
3.2.
C hi thu ht u t FDI vo ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t
i vi Vit Nam........................................................................................................................ 60
3.3.
Khi qut thc trng ngnh sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong
nc......................... ................................................................................................................... 62
3.3.1.
Sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong nc vn ang b hn ch v s
lng v cht lng ............................................................................................................... 62

3.3.2.
Kh nng p ng nhu cu trong nc cn thp dn n nhp siu linh
kin v ph tng in t......................................................................................................... 63

3.3.3.
ng dng cng ngh mi v i mi cng ngh ca cc doanh nghip sn
xut linh kin, ph tng in t cha theo kp s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh trong
khu vc v trn th gii .......................................................................................................... 63
3.3.4.
Quy m cu ni a i vi sn phm linh kin, ph tng in t ca Vit
Nam cn hn ch .................................................................................................................... 64
3.4.
Gii php thu ht vn FDI t i Loan vo lnh vc sn phm linh kin,
ph tng in t ti Vit Nam ................................................................................................. 65

3.4.1.
Nhm gii php xy dng khung chnh sch FDI ca Vit Nam ................ 65
3.4.2.
Nhm gii php ci thin mi trng kinh t ............................................... 67
3.4.3.
Nhm gii php tng cng cc yu t to thun li trong kinh doanh ..... 70
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................ vi

PH LC......................................................................................................................................viii
ii
DANH MC BNG
Bng 1. Tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii giai on 1991-2000
...................................................................................................................................19
Bng 2. Thng k gi tr vn ng k u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan
ra th gii (bao gm c Trung Quc) giai on 19912000 ................................25
Bng 3. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI ca i Loan ra th gii giai on 1991-2000 .26
Bng 4. Tc tng trng ca top 10 ngnh i Loan u t ra nc ngoi
giai on 1991-2000 .................................................................................................28
Bng 5. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI i Loan (khng tnh TQ) giai on 1991-2000
...................................................................................................................................29
Bng 6. u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 20012011 ...........30
Bng 7. S phn b dng FDI gia cc nn kinh t khu vc ng, Nam v ng
Nam (theo khong) nm 2010 ...............................................................................32
Bng 8. u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Trung Quc i lc v th
gii trong giai on 2001 2011 ..............................................................................34
Bng 9. Thng k s d n v gi tr vn ng k u t trc tip nc ngoi ca
i Loan ra th gii (bao gm c Trung Quc) giai on 20012011 .....................41
Bng 10. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI ca i Loan ra khu vc th gii v Trung
Quc giai on 2001 2011 .....................................................................................43
Bng 11. Thng k top 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k FDI ca i Loan vo nhm
6 nc N cao nht giai on 2007-2011 .............................................................49
Bng 12. Top 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k t i Loan vo Vit Nam giai on
2007 2011 ...............................................................................................................51
Bng 13. S d n v tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii giai
on 1991-02/2012....................................................................................................54
Bng 14. Top 5 ngnh c tc tng trng v gi tr vn ng k ln nht ca i
Loan ra ng Nam giai on 2009-2011 ..............................................................58
iii
DANH MC BIU
Biu 1. Gi tr trung bnh d n FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on 19912000 ...........................................................................................................................20
Biu 2. C cu FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan theo vng giai on 1991-2000
...................................................................................................................................21
Biu 3. Dng FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on 1991-2000 .................22
Biu 4. T trng dng vn FDI ca i Loan vo ng Nam so vi Chu
giai on 1991-2000 ..................................................................................................24
Biu 5. Dng vn FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan vo cc ngnh qua cc nm
1991-2000..................................................................................................................27
Biu 6. Gi tr trung bnh d n FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on 20012011 ...........................................................................................................................31
Biu 7. FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 2001-2011 ...........................33
Biu 8. FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 2001-2011 ...........................35
Biu 9. FDI i Loan u t ra cc khu vc trn th gii (khng bao gm Trung
Quc) giai on 2001-2011 .......................................................................................36
Biu 10. C cu vn FDI ca i Loan giai on 2007 2011 ..........................37
Biu 11. FDI ca i Loan vo 6 nc ng Nam giai on 2001 2011 ....38
Biu 12. C cu FDI ca i Loan vo 6 nc ng Nam giai on 20012011 ...........................................................................................................................40
Biu 13.T trng gi tr vn FDI ca i Loan ra th gii theo ngnh giai on
2001-2011..................................................................................................................42
Biu 14.Gi tr vn FDI top 10 ngnh ca i Loan ra Trung Quc giai on
2001 2011 ...............................................................................................................46
Biu 15. Gi tr vn FDI top 10 ngnh ca i Loan ra th gii giai on 2001
2011 ...........................................................................................................................47
Biu 16. Gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii v nhm 6 nc ng
Nam giai on 2007 2011 ..................................................................................48
iv
Biu 17. So snh gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan vo Vit Nam vi nhm

6 nc N theo 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k ln nht vo nhm 6 nc N
giai on 2007-2011 ..................................................................................................50
Biu 18. C cu ngnh ca Vit Nam v nhm 6 nc ng Nam nhn FDI t
i Loan giai on 2007-2011 ..................................................................................51
Biu 19. Quy m d n FDI i Loan ra th gii giai on 1991-02/2012 ........56
Biu 20. S thay i trong t trng nhn vn FDI t i Loan vo cc khu vc
giai on 1991-2011 ..................................................................................................57
Biu 21. Gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan vo nhm 6 nc ng Nam
giai on 2007-2011 ..................................................................................................58
LI M U
1.
Tnh cp thit ca ti
Trong bi cnh Vit Nam v ang tin hnh cng cuc hi nhp kinh t
quc t nh hin nay, vic thu ht vn u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ng mt

vai tr v cng quan trng. i vi nc nhn u t, FDI c cc tc ng tch cc
n nn kinh t nh b sung ngun vn, chuyn giao cng ngh, to cng n vic
lm, pht trin ngun nhn lc, b sung cho ngn sch nh nc, gip chuyn dch
c cu kinh t v quan trng hn c l thc y tng trng kinh t.
Cng vi Singapore, Hn Quc v Hng Kng, i Loan c mnh danh l
mt trong bn con rng chu . Nn kinh t tng trng nhanh, d tr ngoi t ln
dn n kh nng u t vt qu nhu cu trn o v s pht trin mnh m ca
cc ngnh k thut cao thi thc i Loan tm kim nhng mi trng u t
mi. Trong khi , cc quc gia ng Nam vi ngun nhn cng gi r, th
trng tiu th khng l, ngun ti nguyn thin nhin sn c cng s gn gi v
a l v tng ng v vn ha to c lc ht ln i vi cc nh u t i
Loan. Hn na, song song vi vic tng cng sn xut v tch ly trong nc, cc
quc gia ng Nam ang rt ch trng vic thu ht vn u t t bn ngoi v
coi l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng thc y nn kinh t quc gia. Mi
quan h kinh t i bn cng c li gia i Loan v cc nc ng Nam cng
c ch trng sau khi i Loan a ra Chnh sch Hng Nam vo nm 1994
nhm hng cc doanh nghip ca mnh u t vo khu vc ng Nam 1.
Vit Nam - trong vai tr l mt quc gia ng Nam - cng khng nm
ngoi xu th trn. Quan h kinh t gia i Loan v Vit Nam v ang c nhng
bc pht trin ng ch . Ring v u t trc tip nc ngoi, tnh n thng 2
nm 2012, i Loan ng v tr th hai vi tng vn u t ng k cp mi v
Quan h u t, thng mi i Loan ASEAN Trn Hong Long, Ths. Dng Vn Li Vin
nghin cu ng Bc
tng thm l 30,9 triu USD, chim 2,5% tng vn u t 2. Mc d vy, thc t cho
thy cht lng cng nh quy m ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ca
i Loan vo Vit Nam hin vn cha tng xng vi tim nng ca quc gia ny.
Vn t ra cho nc ta l lm sao thu ht hiu qu hn na ngun vn FDI t
pha i tc i Loan, ng thi n u c ngun vn ny trong tng lai.
Nghin cu xu hng v c im dng vn u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i
Loan s l cn c c th gip Vit Nam a ra nhng gii php thit thc gii
quyt vn ny. Chnh v vy, nhm nghin cu xin la chn ti u t trc
tip nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan v xut gii php thu ht dng vn ny vo
Vit Nam.
2.
Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu

Trn th gii v trong nc c mt s nghin cu ng ch v tnh hnh
u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan nh ti The Impact of Inward

and Outward FDI on Productivity: Evidence from Taiwans Manufacturing
Industry ca nhm tc gi Shu -Hui Shih, Locational and industrial choices of
Taiwanese Outward FDI ca Ming-Wen Hu v Chin-Jung Lin; ti Vit Nam cng
c mt s nghin cu nh Vai tr ca i Loan i vi vic pht trin kinh t ca
cc thnh vin ASEAN mi: Trng hp ca Vit Nam ca TS. T Minh Tun;
Quan h kinh t Vit Nam i Loan: thc trng v trin vng ca Nguyn Duy
Dng Vin nghin cu ng Bc ...
Cc nghin cu k trn mc d ch ra c i Loan l mt trong nhng
nh u t ln v Vit Nam c th s nhanh chng tr thnh nc ng u danh
sch u t ca i Loan trong khu vc ASEAN, tuy nhin vn cha lm r c
chin lc, xu hng, c im dng vn u t trc tip ra nc ngoi cng nh
thc trng u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan. Chnh v vy, nhm nghin
cu tp trung vo nghin cu cc vn ny t xut nhng gii php thit
Bi vit Tnh hnh u t trc tip nc ngoi 2 thng nm 2012 website B k hoch v u
t Cc u t nc ngoi http://fia.mpi.gov.vn
thc gip Vit Nam thu ht hiu qu ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi t pha
i tc i Loan.
3.
Mc tiu nghin cu
-
Phn tch c chin lc, xu hng, c im dng vn u t trc
tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan, trong ch trng vo dng vn hng ti ng

Nam ;
-
nh gi, phn tch thc trng ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi
(FDI) ca i Loan vo Vit Nam, lm r s tng ng v khc bit gia dng

vn FDI ca i Loan vo cc nc khc vi vo Vit Nam;
-
xut nhng gii php gip Vit Nam chun b cc iu kin cn
thit v ph hp thu ht ngun vn FDI hiu qu t i Loan.

4.
i tng nghin cu
-
Ni dung chin lc, xu hng vn ng ca dng vn u t trc tip
ra nc ngoi ca i Loan;
5.
Dng vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam.
Phm vi nghin cu
-
V mt a l: tp trung vo Vit Nam vi t cch l a bn thu ht
FDI trong tng quan vi cc quc gia ng Nam khc;

-
Ch trng thi k a dng ha quc t ha ti i Loan l giai on
t 1991 n nay.
6.
Phng php nghin cu

Nhm nghin cu ch yu s dng phng php nghin cu nh tnh,
phng php nghin cu ti bn, phn tch cc thng tin th cp v mt s thng tin
s cp.
7.
Kt qu nghin cu d kin
-
Xc nh c c im, xu hng vn ng v trin vng ca ngun
vn u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan trong giai on ti;

-
Ch ra nhng yu t tc ng n ngun vn u t trc tip nc
ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam;

-
a ra c 1 s gii php nhm thu ht hiu qu ngun vn u t
trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam.

8.
Kt cu ca ti
Chng 1. Mt s vn l lun v u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)
Chng 2. c im u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan
Chng 3. xut gii php thu ht ngun vn FDI t i Loan ca
Vit Nam
CHNG 1
MT S L LUN V U T TRC TIP NC NGOI
1.1.
Khi nim v c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)

1.1.1.
Khi nim u t trc tip nc ngoi
u t l vic s dng vn vo mt hot ng nht nh nhm thu li nhun

v/hoc li ch kinh t x hi.
u t nc ngoi l vic cc nh u t (php nhn hoc c nhn) a vn
hoc bt k hnh thc gi tr no khc vo nc tip nhn u t thc hin cc
hot ng sn xut kinh doanh nhm thu li nhun hoc t cc hiu qu x hi.
Theo khi nim ca Qu tin t quc t IMF (Balance of Payments
Manual 5th Edition (BPM5,1993): u t trc tip nc ngoi (Foreign Direct
Investment FDI) l mt hot ng u t c thc hin nhm t c nhng li
ch lu di trong mt doanh nghip hot ng trn lnh th ca mt nn kinh t khc
nn kinh t nc ch u t, mc ch ca ch u t l ginh quyn qun l thc
s doanh nghip.
Khi nim ca T chc Hp tc v pht trin Kinh t OECD (Benchmark
Definition 3rd Edition, 1996): u t trc tip nc ngoi l hot ng u t
c thc hin nhm thit lp cc mi quan h kinh t lu di vi mt doanh nghip
c bit l nhng khon u t mang li kh nng to nh hng i vi vic qun
l doanh nghip ni trn bng cch:
-
Thnh lp hoc m rng mt doanh nghip hoc mt chi nhnh thuc
ton quyn qun l ca ch u t;

-
Mua li ton b doanh nghip c;
Tham gia vo mt doanh nghip mi;
Cp tn dng di hn (trn 5 nm);
Quyn kim sot: nm t 10% c phiu thng hoc quyn biu quyt
tr ln.
Lut u t nm 2005 cu Vit Nam (iu 3): u t trc tip nc
ngoi l hnh thc u t do nh u nc ngoi b vn u t v tham gia qun l
hot ng u t Vit Nam hoc nh u t Vit Nam b vn u t v tham gia

qun l hot ng u t nc ngoi theo quy nh ca lut ny v cc quy nh
khc ca php lut c lin quan.
Tm li, u t trc tip nc ngoi l hnh thc u t quc t trong
ch u t nc ngoi u t ton b hoc mt phn vn ln vo d n u
t, cho php h ginh quyn qun l hoc trc tip tham gia qun l d n u
t.
1.1.2.
-
c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi

Tm kim li nhun: Theo cch phn loi u t nc ngoi ca IMF
v OECD, FDI l u t t nhn. Do ch th l t nhn nn FDI c mc ch u

tin hng u l li nhun. Cc nc nhn u t, nht l cc nc ang pht trin
cn lu iu ny khi tin hnh thu ht FDI, phi xy dng cho mnh mt hnh
lang php l mnh v cc chnh sch thu ht FDI hp l hng FDI vo phc
v cho cc mc tiu pht trin kinh t, x hi ca nc mnh, trnh tnh trng FDI
ch phc v cho mc ch tm kim li nhun ca cc ch u t.
-
Quyn kim sot: Cc ch u t nc ngoi phi ng gp mt t l
vn ti thiu trong vn php nh hoc vn iu l tu theo quy nh ca lut php

tng nc ginh quyn kim sot hoc tham gia kim sot doanh nghip nhn
u t. Lut cc nc thng quy nh khng ging nhau v vn ny. Lut M
quy nh t l ny l 10%, Php v Anh l 20%, Vit Nam theo lut hin hnh l
30% (iu 8 Lut u t nc ngoi 1996), tr nhng trng hp do Chnh ph
quy nh th nh u t nc ngoi c th gp vn vi t l thp hn nhng khng
di 20% (iu 14 mc 2 Ngh nh 24/2000 N-CP), theo lut u t c Quc
hi thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 th Vit Nam khng quy nh vn ti thiu ca ch
u t nc ngoi na. Ngoi ra, theo qui nh ca OECD (1996) th t l ny l
10% cc c phiu thng hoc quyn biu quyt ca doanh nghip - mc c
cng nhn cho php nh u t nc ngoi tham gia thc s vo qun l doanh
nghip.
-
Quyn v ngha v ca mi bn: T l ng gp ca cc bn trong
vn iu l hoc vn php nh s quy nh quyn v ngha v ca mi bn, ng

6
thi li nhun v ri ro cng c phn chia da vo t l ny. Theo Lut u t

nc ngoi ca Vit Nam, trong doanh nghip lin doanh, cc bn ch nh ngi
ca mnh tham gia vo Hi ng qun tr theo t l tng ng vi phn vn gp vo
vo vn php nh ca lin doanh.
-
Thu nhp ph thuc kt qu u t: Thu nhp m ch u t thu
c ph thuc vo kt qu kinh doanh ca doanh nghip m h b vn u t, n

mang tnh cht thu nhp kinh doanh ch khng phi li tc.
-
Ch u t t quyt nh u t: Ch u t t quyt nh sn xut
kinh doanh v t chu trch nhim v l li. Nh u t nc ngoi c quyn t

la chn lnh vc u t, hnh thc u t, th trng u t, quy m u t cng
nh cng ngh cho mnh, do s t a ra nhng quyt nh c li nht cho h.
V th, hnh thc ny mang tnh kh thi v hiu qu kinh t cao, khng c nhng
rng buc v chnh tr, khng li gnh nng n nn cho nn kinh t nc nhn
u t.
-
Chuyn giao cng ngh: FDI thng km theo chuyn giao cng
ngh cho cc nc tip nhn u t. Thng qua hot ng FDI, nc ch nh c th

tip nhn c cng ngh, k thut tin tin, hc hi kinh nghim qun l. V d
trong lnh vc bu chnh vin thng ca Vit Nam, hu ht cng ngh mi trong
lnh vc ny c c nh chuyn giao cng ngh t nc ngoi.
1.2.
Cc nhn t tc ng n u t trc tip nc ngoi

Khi la chn a im u t nc ngoi, ch u t s phi cn nhc
n cc iu kin sn xut, kinh doanh a im xem c thun li hay khng

ngha l cn nhc n cc yu t c lin quan n li th a im ca nc nhn
u t. Cc nhn t nh hng n li th a im ca cc nc nhn u t c
cp n trong khi nim Mi trng u t.
Theo Hi ngh ca Lin hip quc v Thng mi v Pht trin (UNCTAD),
cc yu t quyt nh FDI ca nc tip nhn u t c chia thnh 3 nhm sau:
1.2.1.
Khung php l v u t trc tip nc ngoi
Khung php l v u t trc tip nc ngoi ca nc nhn u t gm cc

quy nh lin quan trc tip n FDI v cc quy nh c nh hng gin tip n
FDI.
Cc quy nh ca lut php v chnh sch lin quan trc tip FDI bao gm
cc quy nh v vic thnh lp v hot ng ca cc nh u t nc ngoi (cho
php, hn ch, cm u t vo mt s ngnh, lnh vc; cho php t do hay hn ch
quyn s hu ca cc ch u t nc ngoi i vi cc d n; cho php t do hot
ng hay p t mt s iu kin hot ng; c hay khng cc u i nhm khuyn
khch FDI;...), cc tiu chun i x i vi FDI (phn bit hay khng phn bit i
x gia cc nh u t c quc tch khc nhau,...) v c ch hot ng ca th trng trong c s tham gia ca thnh phn kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi (cnh
tranh c bnh ng hay khng; c hin tng c quyn khng; thng tin trn th trng c r rng, minh bch khng;...). Cc quy nh ny nh hng trc tip n
khi lng v kt qu ca hot ng FDI. Cc quy nh thng thong, c nhiu u
i, khng c hoc t c cc ro cn, hn ch hot ng FDI s gp phn tng cng
thu ht FDI vo v to thun li cho cc d n FDI trong qu trnh hot ng. Ngc li, hnh lang php l v c ch chnh sch c nhiu qui nh mang tnh cht
hn ch v rng buc i vi FDI s khin cho FDI khng vo c hoc cc ch
u t khng mun u t. Cc qui nh ca lut php v chnh sch s c iu
chnh ty theo nh hng, mc tiu pht trin ca tng quc gia trong tng thi k,
thm ch c tnh n c cc quy hoch v ngnh v vng lnh th.
Bn cnh , mt s cc quy nh, chnh sch trong mt s ngnh, lnh vc
khc cng c nh hng n quyt nh ca ch u t nh:
-
Chnh sch thng mi c nh hng rt ln n quyt nh la chn
a im u t v FDI gn vi sn xut v tiu th hng ha, dch v. V d cc nc theo ui chin lc pht trin sn xut trong nc thay th nhp khu s thu
ht c nhiu FDI vo sn xut cc hng tiu dng phc v nhu cu trong nc
nhng sau mt thi gian khi th trng bo ha nu nc khng thay i
chnh sch th s khng hp dn c FDI.
8
Chnh sch t nhn ha lin quan n vic c phn ha, bn li cc
cng ty. Nhng nc cho php cc nh u t nc ngoi tham gia vo qu trnh t

nhn ha s to cho cc nh u t nc ngoi nhiu c hi, nhiu s la chn hn
trc khi quyt nh u t.
-
Chnh sch tin t v chnh sch thu c nh hng quan trng n
s n nh ca nn kinh t. Cc chnh sch ny nh hng n tc lm pht, kh

nng cn bng ngn sch ca nh nc, li sut trn th trng. Nh vy cc chnh
sch ny nh hng rt nhiu n quyt nh u t. Cc ch u t u mun u
t vo cc th trng c t l lm pht thp. Li sut trn th trng nc nhn u
t s nh hng n chi ph vn, t nh hng n thu nhp ca cc ch u t
nc ngoi. Chnh sch thu ca nc nhn u t cng thu ht c s quan tm
rt ln ca cc ch u t. Thu thu nhp doanh nghip nh hng trc tip n li
nhun ca cc d n FDI. Thu thu nhp i vi ngi c thu nhp cao, thu tiu th
c bit,... nh hng trc tip n gi thnh sn phm. Nhn chung cc ch u t
u tm cch u t nhng nc c cc loi thu thp.
-
Chnh sch t gi hi oi nh hng n gi cc ti sn nc nhn
u t, gi tr cc khon li nhun cc ch u t thu c v nng lc cnh tranh

ca cc hng ha xut khu ca cc chi nhnh nc ngoi. Mt nc theo ui
chnh sch ng tin quc gia yu s c li trong vic thu ht u t nc ngoi v
xut khu hng ha. Chnh v vy chnh sch ny nh hng n FDI.
-
Chnh sch lin quan n c cu cc ngnh kinh t v cc vng
lnh th (khuyn khch pht trin ngnh no, vng no; ngnh no bo ha ri;
ngnh no, vng no khng cn khuyn khch,...)
-
Chnh sch lao ng: c hn ch hay khng hn ch s dng lao ng
nc ngoi; u tin hay khng u tin cho lao ng trong nc....

-
Chnh sch gio dc, o to, chnh sch y t,... nh hng n cht
lng ngun lao ng cung cp cho cc d n FDI.

-
Cc qui nh trong cc hip nh quc t m nc nhn u t tham
gia k kt: Ngy nay, cc qui nh ny thng to thun li cho FDI v n bo v
quyn li cho cc nh u t, hng ti khng phn bit cc ch u t theo quc

tch,...
Nhn chung cc ch u t nc ngoi thch u t vo nhng nc c hnh
lang php l, c ch, chnh sch y , ng b, thng thong, minh bch v c th
d on c. iu ny m bo cho s an ton ca vn u t.
1.2.2.
Cc yu t ca mi trng kinh t
Nhm cc yu t kinh t l tng th cc nhn t hu hnh v v hnh, c sn

(tri cho) v to ra cu thnh ca mt nn kinh t v cng l thc o nh gi
tm vc ca nn kinh t quc gia. Yu t kinh t l mc tiu nghin cu, l mi
quan tm hng u ca bt k nh u t no.
Vi mc tiu ti thng l to ra li nhun cho nh u t, cc yu t sau
y cn c quan tm tm hiu:
-
Tnh sn c ca ngun nguyn liu;
Lao ng sn c gi r v c tay ngh;
C s h tng (h thng giao thng cc loi, in nc, thng tin lin
Ti sn c bit (cng ngh, pht minh, thng hiu)
lc);
Trc y, yu t quan trng nht v quyt nh ca mt nc tip nhn vn
u t trong vic thu ht v hp dn FDI l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin sn c.
Nhng t sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai ti nay, yu t ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin sn c mt dn i vai tr quan trng ca mnh v tnh hp dn cc nh u t
nc ngoi cng gim dn. L do l ngi ta cho rng FDI mang li li th so snh
cho thng mi hn l u t. Vic u t ch c khi mt quc gia c ti nguyn
tha nhng li khng c vn cng nh trnh k thut cao khai thc v bn
nguyn liu th trn th gii. Hn na, khi u t vo ngnh khai thc ti nguyn
thin nhin ca mt quc gia th cc nh u t s mt nhiu chi ph cho vic trang
b c s h tng a nguyn liu th ra khi bin gii, v iu cng s lm
tng cc chi ph u t.
Khi tm kim hiu qu v li nhun cc nc nhn u t, nh u t cn
thng phi quan tm n cc yu t sau:
10
Chi ph thc cho cc nguyn liu v cc ti sn k trn c iu chnh
theo nng sut lao ng;

-
Chi ph cc yu t u vo khc, c bit l chi ph vn ti, thng tin
v cc yu t trung gian;
1.2.3.
Hip nh khu vc cho php tip cn mng li th trng khu vc.

Cc yu t to thun li trong kinh doanh
Cc yu t to iu kin cho kinh doanh ti nc nhn u t l cc bin

php m chnh ph h tr cho hot ng kinh doanh ca nh u t nc ngoi gm:
hot ng xc tin u t, cc bin php khuyn khch u t (min, gim thu,
thu u i, u i thu mt bng); cc bin php nhm gim tiu cc ph (minh
bch v n gin ho th tc hnh chnh, tng hiu qu cng tc qun l, gim v
loi tr tham nhng); cc bin php ci thin v nng cao cht lng dich v tin
ch, cng cng nhm nng cao cht lng sng ca con ngi.
Hot ng xc tin u t gm vic qung b ra bn ngoi v hnh nh, chnh
sch, li th, tim nng ca nc nhn u t nhm cung cp thng tin trung thc
nht, cp nht nht nh u t hiu ng v mi trng kinh doanh ca quc gia
mnh. Mc ch ca hot ng ny l tng cng thu ht ngun vn u t nc
ngoi. Ngy nay, cc bin php xc tin u t ngy cng c v tr quan trng. Cc
bin php pht sinh u t c th l chin dch email trc tip hoc in thoi hoc
tuyn truyn, truyn thng u t vo mt ngnh cng nghip nht nh, nhng
quan trng v hiu qu hn l hot ng xc tin hng ti cc cng ty c kh nng
vn, cng ngh v thin ch u t. Dch v t vn u t cng l mt thnh phn
quan trng trong hot ng xc tin u t cc nc ang pht trin. T vn u
t bao gm ph bin, hng dn cc bc khc nhau ca qu trnh chp nhn u t
v h tr c c giy php u t cng nh cc th tc v h tr sau u t.
Cc dch v ny s gip cc nh u t yn tm hn khi u t vo mt quc gia m
bn thn h cha hiu nhiu v mi trng kinh doanh, gip gim bt cc khon chi
ph khng cn thit.
-
Cc bin php khuyn khch u t: l nhng bin php ca Chnh
ph nc s ti, l li th kinh t c th o lng c i vi mt doanh nghip

11
(nh u t) nht nh, nhm tng t l li nhun v gim cc chi ph cng nh ri

ro. Cc hnh thc khuyn khch u t ch yu l khuyn khch v ti kho nh
gim t l thu thu nhp doanh nghip, tr cp u t v ti u t, min gim thu,
khuyn khch v ti chnh nh h tr ca chnh ph di dng tn dng tr cp,
tham gia vn Nh nc, bo him tn dng ca chnh ph. Ngoi ra, cn c cc u
i v th trng nh h tr c quyn, bo v cnh tranh nhp khu, cc hp ng
chnh ph u tin (trong cc chng trnh mua sm cng) v i x u i v trao
i ngoi hi v dch v c s h tng.
Bin php kim sot cc loi tiu cc ph v m bo cng bng cc
dch v tin ch: y l yu t c th gim s hp dn i vi nh u t nu khng

kim sot c cht ch tnh trng quan liu, tham nhng v ca quyn ca cc c
quan cng quyn. Hin nay, tnh trng ny rt ph bin cc nc ang v chm
pht trin v l mi lo khng ch ca cc doanh nghip nc ngoi m cn c cc
doanh nghip trong nc mun lm n bnh ng v cnh tranh lnh mnh.
Cc dch v h tr sau u t: l cc bin php, quy nh ca chnh
ph nhm to iu kin cho cc nh u t thit lp cc chi nhnh nc ngoi

gii quyt cc cng vic hng ngy. Mt khi nh u t lm n c hiu qu th h s
mun duy tr hot ng ca mnh lu di nc s ti bng cch ti u t thu nhp
ca mnh (ti u t). Mt khc, khi t l ti u t cng ln, s cc nh u t
mong mun ti u t mt nc tip nhn u t cng tng, th chng t mi
trng u t ca nc tt, hp dn v v th cng s li ko cc nh u t khc
cng tham gia u t vo quc gia .
1.3.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi

1.3.1.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti tng trng

kinh t
1.3.1.1.
Gp phn ci thin vn cho pht trin kinh t x hi
FDI l ngun vn ln cung cp cho cc d n pht trin kinh t x hi trong

iu kin nn kinh t nc ta cn km pht trin, tch ly ni b thp gy ra nhng
cn tr v u t v i mi k thut trong khi khoa hc k thut th gii pht trin
12
mnh. T l ng gp ca FDI vo GDP ngy cng tng, chng t c tc dng v

nh hng quan trng ca FDI i vi s pht trin kinh t ca t nc.
1.3.1.2.
ng gp vo ngun thu ngn sch
FDI c ng gp ngy cng tng vo ngun thu ngn sch cho nh nc

thng qua cc loi thu nh vo cc cng ty nc ngoi. Nm 2010, cc doanh
nghip FDI np ngn sch nh nc t 3,1 t USD, tng 26% so vi nm 2009,
vt 6% so vi k hoch ra v ng gp 18,4% tng thu ngn sch ni a. iu
ny cho thy, ng gp vo ngn sch ca khi doanh nghip FDI ngy cng ln
dn do hiu qu t hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh mang li v do nhiu doanh
nghip FDI qua giai on c min, gim cc u i v thu v cc chnh sch
u i khc.3
1.3.1.3.
Gp phn nng cao nng lc cng ngh cho nc ch nh

v nng lc cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip trong nc
Cc doanh nghip FDI khi tham gia th trng ph v c cu th trng

c quyn, to ra mt s cnh tranh tch cc ln tiu cc. Do c li th v vn, cng
ngh v trnh t chc sn xut, cc doanh nghip FDI to sc p khin cc doanh
nghip trong nc phi thay i cch thc qun l, nng cao cng ngh, s dng
cc hot ng marketing c hiu qu hn, t nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca
mnh.
Vic chuyn giao cng ngh t cc cng ty nc ngoi gp phn nng cao
cng ngh k thut tin tin, nhng kinh nghim qun l v nng lc marketing,
ngun lao ng c o to.
Tp ch ti chnh
http://tapchitaichinh.vn/tabid/56/Key/ViewArticleContent/ArticleId/3334/Default.aspx
13
1.3.2.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti chuyn dch

c cu kinh t
1.3.2.1.
Thay i c cu kinh t vi t trng cng nghip v dch

v tng ln
tham gia ngy cng nhiu vo qu trnh phn cng lao ng quc t, thu
ht ngy cng nhiu vn u t nc ngoi i hi mi quc gia phi thay i c
cu kinh t ca mnh cho ph hp. Mt khc, s gia tng ca hot ng u t nc
ngoi lm xut hin nhiu ngnh mi, lnh vc mi gp phn thc y s pht tin
nhanh chng trnh k thut -cng ngh ca nhiu ngnh kinh t thc y s gia
tng nng sut lao ng cc ngnh ny v tng t phn ca n trong nn kinh t.
Nhiu ngnh c kch thch pht trin cn nhiu ngnh b mai mt v i n xo
s.
Trn thc t, c cu ngnh ngh c iu chnh theo hng ngy cng hp
l, tp trung vo cc lnh vc sn xut hng xut khu, xy dng kt cu h tng v
cc c s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin nng, lm thy sn v s dng hiu qu ti
nguyn thin nhin, s dng nhiu lao ng, ng dng cng ngh cao, k thut hin
i Chng ta c th thy nhng cng trnh ln nh cc nh my xi mng Trng
Knh, Nghi Sn, Sao Mai; cc nh my sn xut, lp rp t, xe my; cc d n
lin lc vin thng in t; nh my lc du Dung Qut. R rng, FDI ang c
y mnh u t pht trin trong lnh vc cng nghip.
Bn cnh , c cu vn FDI cn ang c s chuyn dch tch cc sang lnh
vc dch v. Cc tp on a quc gia hin nay ang tp trung m rng nhng cng
ty con ti cc nc khc, c bit trn lnh vc vin thng, gii tr, n ung
1.3.2.2.
Thc hin cng nghip ha nng thn
Vi tim nng ca mt nc nng nghip, cng vi s gip t ngun vn

FDI tuy cha c nhiu, nhng trong nhng nm va qua, Vit Nam bc ra
th trng th gii mt cch mnh m hn vi s pht trin hng ha quy m ln,
nng cao gi tr xut khu cho nng sn trn c s p dng cc cng ngh k thut
tin tin. Bn cnh , vic p dng cc my mc hin i, cc k thut mi nht
nng cao nng sut lao ng, gim sc ngi v ang c du hiu tch cc. Theo
14
thng tin t tng cc thng k, c ti hn 478 d n c u t v ngnh nng,

lm, thy sn vi tng s vn ng k ln n 3095,8 triu USD tnh n ht nm
2010. y qu thc l mt con s ng mng cho nn nng nghip Vit Nam, nh
du mt s thay i quy m ln v c hiu qu hn.
1.3.3.
Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti phc li x

hi
1.3.3.1.
Tc ng ti vic lm v cht lng ngun lao ng
FDI gip gii quyt tt vn vic lm v thu nhp ca dn c. Vai tr ny

ca FDI khng ch i vi cc nc ang pht trin m c vi cc nc pht trin,
c bit l khi nn kinh t bc vo giai on khng hong theo chu k. Cc d n
u t trc tip nc ngoi thng i hi ngun lao ng c cht lng cao do
s gia tng cc d n u t nc ngoi t cc nc s ti trc yu cu
khch quan l phi nng cao cht lng, trnh chuyn mn k thut, trnh
ngoi ng... cho ngi lao ng. Mt khc, cc doanh nghip FDI khi hot ng s
tuyn dng ngun nhn lc t Vit Nam, gp phn to ra cng n vic lm cho
nhiu ngi lao ng. Trn thc t th ngun lao ng do cc doanh nghip FDI s
dng Vit Nam cn thp, iu phn nh r cht lng ngun lao ng Vit
Nam cn km, tuy nhin xt trn gc khc, mc thu nhp cc doanh nghip
ny bnh qun cao gp i nhng doanh nghip nh nc, t ta thy c mc
hiu qu ca cc doanh nghip FDI. y l mt sc p cnh tranh i vi cc doanh
nghip trong nc, cng v l m vic y mnh gio dc o to ngun nhn
lc li cng c ch trng.
1.3.3.2.
Nng cao mc sng, mc thu nhp ca ngi dn
Vic pht trin kinh t suy cho cng cng l ci thin t nc, m c th
y l nng cao i sng ca ngi dn. Nh c FDI, Vit Nam v ang s
dng c hiu qua nhng li th ca t nc, tip nhn nhiu thnh tu khoa hc k
thut, m rng mng li thng tin dch v, y nhanh quy m pht trin ca cc
ngnh ngh, thng qua gp phn tng sn lng, tng sn phm quc dn v
t nng cao thu nhp, ci thin i sng vt cht cho ngi dn.
15
1.3.3.3.
Nng cao c s h tng cho x hi
C s h tng x hi v thu ht ngun vn FDI c mi quan h hai chiu.

Mt chiu, kt cu c s h tng to iu kin thu ht vn u t nc ngoi v
theo chiu ngc li, khi FDI c vo Vit Nam, cc c s h tng x hi s c
ngun vn u t xy mi v pht trin. Mt mt, c th tng kh nng thu
ht FDI vo Vit Nam, Chnh ph ku gi khu vc kinh t t nhn trong v ngoi
nc tham gia u t vo lnh vc c s h tng, c bit l cc lnh vc cng bin
v in nng. Thm vo , to thun li cho vic u t ny din ra, vic chnh
sa li cc chnh sch v lut l v ang cho php nh u t trong nc d dng
tip cn hn vi cc d n pht trin c s h tng, t lnh vc ny ang c
ch trng pht trin. Mt khc, FDI vo ang l ngun vn khng nh gip xy
dng cc cng trnh ny. Trn thc t, b k hoch v u t vch ra k hoch
u t ca nm nay, ch trng vo xy dng c s h tng, bao gm mng li giao
thng th, mng li in, h thng cu cng, nng lng y l nhng tc
ng tch cc ca FDI ti c s h tng x hi.
16
CHNG 2
C IM FDI RA NC NGOI CA I LOAN
2.1.
Chnh sch u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan qua cc giai

on
i Loan l mt nn kinh t hi o pht trin theo m hnh hng v xut
khu. T mt nn kinh t ch yu da vo nng nghip, ht sc ngho nn lc hu

vo u nhng nm 50 ca th k XX, ch sau hai thp k, i Loan khin c th
gii phi ng ngng trc sc bt mnh m ca nn kinh t, t tc pht trin ti
mc thn k v c coi l mt trong Bn con rng chu 4. Mt trong nhng
nhn t quan trng ng gp cho K tch kinh t i Loan5 chnh l vic i Loan
ny bit pht huy ti a v th bin o thun li, a ngoi thng tr thnh
mt trong nhng ngnh mi nhn ca nn kinh t quc dn.
Trc nhng nm 80 ca th k XX, nn kinh t ca i Loan c tnh ph
thuc ln vo kinh t M v Nht Bn. Nhng t gia nhng nm 80 tr v sau,
chnh ph i Loan ra sch lc phn tn ha th trng nc ngoi v a
dng ha cc quan h kinh t thng mi thch ng vi xu th nht th ha v
khu vc ha trn th gii. Trong khi , s ni dy ca nn kinh t Trung Quc
cng cc quc gia ang pht trin khc chu , c bit l khu vc ng Nam
thu ht c ch ca cc nh t bn quc t, v tt nhin cng c s trng th
ca cc nh u t i Loan. Vo u nhng nm 90 ca th k XX, nhm nh
hng v thc y u t ca cc doanh nghip i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam
cng nh e ngi rng s gia tng qu nhanh quan h kinh t vi i lc s khin
i Loan kh kim sot c tnh hnh an ninh, th ch chnh tr v thm ch c nn
kinh t; nm 1993, ln u tin B kinh t i Loan a ra Chnh sch Hng
Nam nhm h tr cho cc doanh nghip thuc ngnh sn xut tp trung nhiu sc
4
Bn con rng chu : l thut ng ch 4 nn kinh t chu duy tr c tc tng trng cao
v cng nghip ha nhanh gia thp nin 1960 v 1990, gm Hng Kng, Singapore, Hn Quc, i Loan
5
K tch kinh t i Loan: n nm 1970, t l tng trng bnh qun nm i Loan t 10%, tc
ny c coi l thn k v to nn k tch kinh t i Loan (Tng hp t: Taiwan Statistical Data Book,
R.O.C, 2002)
17
lao ng di chuyn sang khu vc ng Nam . Nm 1994, Vin Hnh chnh i

Loan thng qua Cng lnh tng cng hot ng thng mi i vi khu vc
ng Nam , v chnh thc thc y Chnh sch Hng Nam vo thng 7 nm
1994.
Mc ch ch yu ca vic p dng chnh sch ny khng nm ngoi 3 yu t:
Th nht, nhm phn tn ri ro cho i Loan khi tp trung u t cao vo Trung
Quc i lc. y cng l l do ch yu ca vic chnh ph nc ny khuyn khch
cc doanh nghip u t vo ng Nam . Tuy nhin bn cht ca chnh sch ny
khng phi l dng hn hot ng hng Ty tp trung vo hng Nam m ch
phn tn ri ro trong u t, trnh ht trng vo mt gi. Th hai, tn
dng th trng rng ln ca khu vc ng Nam - mt khu vc ang c tim lc
pht trin kinh t hng hu, giu ti nguyn v c th trng lao ng di do, gi
nhn cng r, cng cc chnh sch u i thu ht nhm n u cc nh u t nc
ngoi. Th ba, chnh sch ny s phi hp vi chin lc pht trin a i Loan
tr thnh trung tm ca cc hot ng kinh doanh chu , tn dng v tr kinh t
chin lc thng qua hot ng u t, thng mi lm cho kinh t i Loan c
th thm nhp su hn vo nn kinh t khu vc, t nn mng vng chc cho a v
trung tm trong nn kinh t chu ca i Loan.
V c bn, ni dung kinh t ca chnh sch Hng Nam bao gm:
1.
Cung cp vin tr kinh t cho cc nc s ti xy dng khu kinh t;
2.
To mi trng u t v xut khu thun li cho doanh nghip i
Loan ti ng Nam ;
3.
Thnh lp cc vn phng i din ca cc t chc kinh t i Loan ti
cc nc s ti.
Chnh sch ny ra i nh du 1 bc ngot ln trong quan h kinh t
gia i Loan v khu vc cc nc ng Nam , v l nhn t ch yu khin
lng vn FDI ca i Loan vo khu vc ny tng trng mnh m trong cc giai
on tip theo.
Nm 2002 c coi l mt du mc quan trng khi i Loan gia nhp T
chc thng mi th gii WTO. Sau khi Trung Quc v i Loan gia nhp WTO,
18
m ca trc tip "tam thng" (ba mi quan h trc tip v thng mi, vn ti v
bu chnh) l tt yu6. T nm 1979, khi Trung Quc ra phng chm "ho bnh
thng nht" n nay, chnh quyn i Loan lun lun coi "tam thng" l chiu bi
chnh tr i ph vi m phn v m ca. Nhng nm gn y, theo i su pht
trin giao lu v cc hot ng thng mi u t ca nhn dn hai b eo bin,
nhanh chng thc hin trc tip "tam thng" gia Trung Quc v i Loan tr
thnh li ku gi ca cc gii i Loan, c bit l gii cng thng. Tuy i
Loan buc phi ni lng mt s bin php hn ch quan h kinh t vi Trung Quc
p ng nhu cu ny ca gii doanh nghip, nhng i Loan cha dm thc
hin y chnh sch ny do e s kinh t i Loan ph thuc qu nhiu vo kinh
t Trung Quc.
2.2.
c im u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan t nm 1991- nay

2.2.1.
Giai on 1991 2000
2.2.1.1.
Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan
Ngun u t trc tip ca i Loan ra th gii trong giai on 1991 2000

c th hin trong bng 1.
Bng 1. Tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii giai on
1991-2000
Nm
S d n
Tng gi tr vn ng k
Gi tr TB d n
(nghn USD)
(nghn USD/d n)
1991
365
1.656.231
4.537,62
1992
300
887.259
2.957,53
1993
326
1.661.046
5.095,23
1994
324
1.616.844
4.990,26
1995
339
1.356.878
4.002,59
Tc ng ca vic gia nhp WTO i vi vic pht trin quan h kinh t gia Trung Quc v i
Loan Din n kinh t Vit Trung -http://www.vinachina.com/vn/home.vcci
19
1996
470
2.165.404
4.607,24
1997
759
2.893.826
3.812,68
1998
896
3.296.302
3.678,91
1999
774
3.269.013
4.223,53
2000
1.391
5.077.062
3.649,94
Tng
5.944
23.879.865
Ngun: Tng hp t Thng k s liu FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc v th gii giai
on 1952 2011 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011)
Biu 1. Gi tr trung bnh d n FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on

1991-2000
n v: nghn USD
Bt u t nm 1988, do nhng hn ch v trao i kinh t gia i Loan v

Trung Quc c ni lng, lng u t trc tip nc ngoi t i Loan vo
20
Trung Quc tng ng k t con s 0 nm 1988 ln 174 triu USD nm 19917,

iu ny nh hng ln n FDI i Loan trong giai on tip theo 1991-2000. Gi
tr trung bnh 1 d n u t trc tip ra nc ngoi trong giai on ny l 4 triu
USD (tng gi tr trong 10 nm chia cho tng s d n trong 10 nm) trong , nh
im l nm 1993, sau khi hip c Thng mi u tin gia Trung Quc i
Loan c k kt, gi tr trung bnh 1 d n t n hn 5 triu USD v tip tc
gi mc cao cc nm sau. Nhn chung, gi tr trung bnh ca cc d n trong thi k
ny khng ln v c xu hng dao ng nh.
2.2.1.2.
C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan
C cu FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan theo vng giai on
1991-2000
FDI ca i Loan ra th gii
Biu 2. C cu FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan theo vng giai on

1991-2000
Ngun: Chnh sch i ngoi ca i Loan tp ch Vin nghin cu ng Bc s 4/2007
21
Trong giai on 1991-2000, tng ngun vn FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi

tp trung cao nht ti khu vc Trung Quc v Nam Trung M. Trong giai on
1952-1988 FDI ca M vo i Loan v FDI ca i Loan vo M chim t trng
ln nht trong tng FDI vo v ra (chim t trng 34,4% FDI vo i Loan v 31,5%
FDI ca i Loan ra th gii)8. Nhng tnh hnh thay i hn khi nhng hn ch
v trao i kinh t vi Trung Quc c ni lng t nm 1988. Theo , nh biu
trn c th thy, t trng FDI ca i Loan vo Trung Quc chim 33% tng gi
tr FDI ca i Loan u t ra ton th gii trong giai on 1991-2000, ring nm
1991 l 10% v nm 1995 t mc k lc 1,229 t USD tng ng vi 45% t
trng vn u t FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi, trong khi con s ny thi
im nm 1988 l 0%.
Xu hng vn ng ca dng vn FDI t i Loan ra nc ngoi c th
c quan st r hn qua biu sau:
Biu 3. Dng FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on 1991-2000
n v: nghn USD
ThS, Phm Th Xun Mai -Vin Nghin cu ng Bc , Theo Investment Commission

2001, Statistics on Approved Overseas Chinese and Foreign Investment, Taipei: Investment Commission,
MOEA
22
Tng dng vn FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan tng t bin vo nm 1993

v nm 2000 vi mc gi tr tng gn gp i v ch yu l tng vn u t vo
Trung Quc. Nm 1993 l nm k Hip c thng mi u tin gia i Loan v
Trung Quc (18/04/1993). Chnh iu ny l nguyn nhn dn n vic gi tr dng
vn u t ca i Loan vo Trung Quc tng 361,7% so vi nm 1992, t 246,992
triu USD ln 1.140,365 triu USD nm 1993, chim 41% tng lng vn FDI ra
th gii ca i Loan.
Theo biu trn ta cng c th thy khng hong ti chnh Chu nm
1997 khng lm nh hng n dng vn FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi. V theo
nghin cu9 cho thy, i Loan khng b nh hng bi khng hong nm 1997 bi
ch gim st v iu hnh mnh ca NHTW v B Ti chnh. Cc t chc ti
chnh ca i Loan b p phi hot ng thn trng v vy cc khon n xu ch
chim mt t l thp l 3,8% trong thi k khng hong.
Thi im nm 2000 l nm c i Loan v Trung Quc chun b cho s gia
nhp vo t chc thng mi th gii WTO, chnh v th, bn cnh vic tng dng
vn u t ra nc ngoi tng ln, FDI ca i Loan vo Trung Quc c d
bo trc s tng mnh trong giai on 2001-2010 sau khi c 2 cng gia nhp WTO.
FDI ca i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam
Nh bit, vo cui nhng nm 1980, kinh t i Loan bt u c nhng

s thay i ng k v quy m cng nh c cu v tim lc. Tuy nhin trnh cc
din kinh t i Loan ph thuc qu nhiu vo Trung Quc, M hay Nht Bn; nm
1994, chnh ph i Loan a ra Cng lnh tng cng quan h kinh t v
thng mi vi ng Nam (Operation Outline for Strengthening Economic and
Trading Relations with Southeast Asia), thng c bit n nh l chnh sch
Hng Nam. Chnh sch ny hng vo 6 nc ng Nam l Indonesia,
Singapore, Thi Lan, Philippines, Malaysia v Vit Nam10.
9
Wang C.N., 2000, The Asian Currency and Fiancial Crisis: Did the Twin Liberalisation Matter? -
The Taiwan Experience. Economic Research Department, Central Bank of China, Taipei
10
Dng Vn Li (2006), Chnh sch Hng Nam v quan h u t, thng mi i Loan
ASEAN, Nghin cu Trung Quc (6/2006), tr.74-75
23
T thi im , ng Nam c xem nh l ch n t nhin ca lung

u t t i Loan, ko theo quan h thng mi vi cc quc gia ny. Tuy nhin,
xu hng y li cha c th hin r rt trong giai on 1995-2000. T trng vn
u t ca i Loan vo ng Nam vn chim t trng cao trong dng vn i
Loan u t vo chu , nhng tri vi d on, dng vn ny khng tng t bin
m mang tnh n nh trc v sau chnh sch Hng Nam.
Biu 4. T trng dng vn FDI ca i Loan vo ng Nam so vi
Chu giai on 1991-2000
n v: %
Giai on 1991-2000, cc quc gia ng Nam cha thu ht c lng

vn u t ln t i Loan v dng vn ny c bit xung thp nm 1998-1999
do y l giai on khng hong ca cc nc chu . iu ny gy nn s lo
ngi v th trng bt n ti Chu , lm cho th trng cc nc Chu ni chung
v cc nc ng Nam ni ring tr nn km hp dn hn i vi cc nh u t.
Phi n nm 2000, khi nn kinh t n nh th dng vn t i Loan mi c xu
hng tng tr li tt c cc nc.
24
C cu FDI i Loan u t ra nc ngoi theo ngnh giai
on 1991-2000
i Loan l c coi l mt trong 4 con rng chu nh s cng nghip ha
mt cch nhanh chng trong nhng thp k cui th k 20. Trong nhng nm 60,
nh ngun vn FDI m nhiu ngnh k thut tin tin c a vo i Loan v
n thp nin 80 nh du thi k tng trng mnh cc ngnh k ngh in t, ch
to my v tin hc i Loan. Nh vy, cng nghip sn xut l th mnh ca i
Loan v khng kh hiu khi trong dng vn FDI t i Loan ra th gii, t trng
ngnh sn xut so vi vi cc ngnh phi sn xut chim t trng kh cao (59,95%
trong giai on 1991-2000)11.
i Loan chia dng vn FDI ra thnh 20 ngnh gm ngnh sn xut, 18
ngnh phi sn xut v ngnh khc; nhm ngnh sn xut li bao gm 27 ngnh nh.
Bng 3 di y cho ta ci nhn tng quan v lng vn FDI ca i Loan ra nc
ngoi trong giai on ny.
Bng 2. Thng k gi tr vn ng k u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan
ra th gii (bao gm c Trung Quc) giai on 19912000
Tng gi tr
Ngnh
(nghn USD)
Sn xut
T trng
24.568.609
59,95%
3.368.450
8,22%
Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t
3.044.192
7,43%
Sn xut thit b in
1.926.079
4,70%
Sn xut sn phm nha
1.884.609
4,60%
Cng nghip dt
1.854.381
4,52%
Ngnh phi sn xut
16.406.169
40,03%
Ti chnh v Bo him
9.835.188
24,00%
Bn bun v bn l
2.851.620
6,96%
Sn xut my tnh, cc sn phm in t v

quang hc
11
S liu nhm nghin cu tng hp t Ph lc
25
Giao thng vn ti v lu tr
1.114.924
2,72%
Thng tin v Truyn thng
766.678
1,87%
Cng nghip khai khong
303.904
0,74%
7.667
0,02%
40.982.445
100,00%
Ngnh khc
Tng
bit c xu hng u t ca i Loan trong giai on ny nhm nghin

cu tp hp s liu v a ra top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI ca i Loan nh sau:
Bng 3. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI ca i Loan ra th gii giai on
1991-2000
Xp
T trng
(nghn USD)
(%)
Ngnh
hng
1
Tng gi tr
Ti chnh v Bo him
Sn xut my tnh, cc sn phm in
t v quang hc
9.835.188
24
3.368.450
8,22
Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t
3.044.192
7,43
Bn bun v bn l
2.851.620
6,96
Sn xut thit b in
1.926.079
4,70
Sn xut sn phm nha
1.884.609
4,60
Cng nghip dt
1.854.381
4,52
Sn xut sn phm kim loi ch to
1.557.761
3,80
1.458.170
3,56
1.373.140
3,35
9
10
Sn xut sn phm khong sn phi kim

loi
Cng nghip thc phm
26
Trong bng trn, c 2 ngnh s 1 v 4 thuc ngnh phi sn xut, cn li l cc

ngnh sn xut. Ngnh ti chnh bo him chim t trng ln nht v bng khong
gi tr FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan. ng ngay sau l ngnh sn xut my
tnh, cc sn phm in t v quang hc.
Biu 5. Dng vn FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan vo cc ngnh
qua cc nm 1991-2000
n v: nghn USD
Da theo cng thc tnh tc tng trng:

Vtng trng = ((Nm sau Nm trc)/ Nm trc)* 100%
Nhm nghin cu nhn thy trong thp k cui ca th k 20, FDI ca i
Loan ra cc ngnh trn th gii c s bin ng r rt, trong , nu nh nm 1993
l nm u t ra nc ngoi ca i Loan tng t bin do lng u t vo Trung
Quc tng gp nhiu ln so vi nm 1992 th n nm 1997, lng vn u t vo
cc ngnh sn xut tng t bin tuy nhin n nm 1998 li c xu hng gim i,
27
duy ch c ngnh Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t vn duy tr c gi tr u

t mnh.
Bng 4. Tc tng trng ca top 10 ngnh i Loan u t ra nc ngoi
giai on 1991-2000
n v: %
1992 1993
Ti chnh v Bo him
Sx sp in t v quang hc
Sx linh kin v
ph tng in t
Bn bun v bn l
Sn xut thit b in
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
23
102
64
-13
91
-19
1.811
-43
29
42
180
-10
-13
86
-69
8.205
88
-26
-8
184
28
29
-100
48
-42
152
-40
-23
82 1.006
-64
-1
68
134
-26
-28
146
Sn xut sn phm nha
-20
-34
-71
354
-78
45
102
Cng nghip dt
-75
74
-64
116
-18
71
-23
-58
-33
20 1.308
-49
27
199
-53
-45
46
-46
-21
31
241
-78
-58
158
Sn xut sn phm
kim loi ch to
Sn xut sn phm
khong sn phi kim loi
-79
296
Cng nghip thc phm

10
327
-43
-15
-19 189
-63
-56
-32
28
Nu khng tnh Trung Quc, top 10 cc ngnh nhn FDI ln nht ca i

Loan giai on ny l:
Bng 5. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI i Loan (khng tnh TQ) giai on
1991-2000
Tng gi tr vn
STT
Ngnh
FDI
T trng
(nghn USD)
1
Ti chnh v Bo him
9,739,428
40.79%
Bn bun v bn l
2,385,118
9.99%
1,564,612
6.55%
1,358,299
5.69%
1,111,857
4.66%
1,005,373
4.21%
4
5
6
Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in

t
Sn xut my tnh, cc sn phm
in t v quang hc
Cng nghip dt
Giao thng vn ti v lu tr
Sn xut sn phm nha
775,836
3.25%
Sn xut ha cht nguyn liu
731,578
3.06%
672,795
2.82%
508,19
2.13%
9
10
Thng tin v Truyn thng

Sn xut sn phm khong sn phi
kim loi
Nh vy c th thy ngay t giai on 1991 2000, i vi khu vc th gii

khng bao gm Trung Quc i lc, i Loan tp trung u t vo cc ngnh
phi sn xut, vi s c mt ca 4 ngnh Ti chnh bo him; Bn bun bn l; Giao
thng vn ti v lu tr; Thng tin v truyn thng chim n 57,81% tng gi tr
vn FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi.
29
2.2.2.
Giai on 2001 n nay
2.2.2.1.
Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan
Trong giai on 2001 - 2011, vi s kt hp ca nhiu yu t bn trong ln

bn ngoi nh mi trng vn ha x hi n nh, hi ha, u t coi trng gio dc,
thi quen chm ch ca ngi dn hay nhng iu kin thun li ca quc t v khu
vc v c bit l chin lc u t ng n, i Loan lin tc duy tr xu
hng tng trng trong u t trc tip ra nc ngoi, c th hin r qua bng
sau:
Bng 6. u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 20012011
Nm
S d n
Tng gi tr
Quy m trung bnh
(nghn USD)
(nghn USD/d n)
2001
2.573
7.175.801
2.788,88
2002
4.041
10.093.104
2.497,67
2003
4.589
11.667.372
2.542,46
2004
2.662
10.322.685
3.877,79
2005
1.818
8.454.402
4.650,38
2006
1.568
11.957.761
7.626,12
2007
1.460
16.440.523
11.260,63
2008
1.030
15.157.881
14.716,39
2009
841
10.148.147
12.066,76
2010
1.161
17.441.323
15.022,67
2011
1.004
17.394.792
17.325,49
Tng
22.747
136.253.791
Trong 10 nm ny, i Loan u t trc tip ra nc ngoi tng cng

22.747 d n vi tng gi tr vn u t l 136,253 t USD. So vi s d n u t
ca giai on 1991 2000 ch yu ch mc 3 con s th s d n u t thi k
30
ny tng ng k v duy tr mc 4 con s. Thng 1/ 2002, i Loan chnh

thc tr thnh thnh vin ca T chc thng mi th gii WTO. S kin ny a
s d n v tng gi tr u t ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ln gn gp i so vi
nm 2001. Nhn chung, u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan c xu hng
tng, n nm 2008&2009 s d n v tng gi tr u t u gim ng k do chu
nh hng tiu cc nghim trng t cuc khng hong ti chnh th gii ti thi
im .
Quy m trung bnh cc d n FDI ca i Loan trong giai on 2001 2011
c th hin qua biu di y:
Biu 6. Gi tr trung bnh d n FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi giai on
2001-2011
n v: nghn USD
C th nhn thy r s tng ln kh n nh trong quy m trung bnh cc d

n u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan trong thi gian ny, t 2.788 nghn
USD/d n vo nm 2001 tng ln cao nht l 17.325 USD/d n vo nm 2011,
31
tc l tng hn 8 ln trong vng 11 nm. iu cho thy i Loan dn thay i

quy m u t t ch yu l cc d n c quy m nh sang cc d n c quy m ln
hn, phn nh kh chnh xc c im pht trin kinh t ca i Loan di s tc
ng ca bi cnh kinh t ca khu vc, th gii v ca chnh i Loan (thi k
khng hong ti chnh tin t v gim st kinh t, i Loan gia nhp WTO). So vi
cc nc trong khu vc, quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan l
tng i cao, nm trong khong t 10 49 t USD (Bng 2.1.2. S phn b dng
FDI gia cc nn kinh t khu vc ng, Nam v ng Nam ), tuy nhin so vi
mc trung bnh ca th gii th ch t ngng va v nh. Tnh hnh ny c th
c gii thch bi i Loan l mt nn kinh t m cc doanh nghip va v
nh chim a s. Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ha hn s
cn tng trong cc nm ti.
Bng 7. S phn b dng FDI gia cc nn kinh t khu vc ng, Nam
v ng Nam (theo khong) nm 2010
Khong
gi tr
Vn vo
Trn 50 t Trung Quc, Hng Kng
Vn ra
Hng Kng, Trung Quc
USD
10 49 t Singapore, n , Indonesia
Singapore, Hn Quc, n , Malaysia,
USD
i Loan
Malaysia, Vit Nam, Hn Quc,
Thi Lan, Indonesia
1,0 9,9 t Thi Lan, Iran, Macao, i Loan,

USD
Pakistan, Philippin, Mng C
0,1 0,9 t Bangladesh, Campuchia,

Mianma, Brunei, Sri Lanka, Lo
USD
Vit Nam, Philippine, Iran
Di 0,1 t N pan, Triu Tin
Mng C, Pakistan, Campuchia,
USD
Bangladesh, Brunei, Lo, Ma Cao
(Cc nn kinh t c lit k theo ln ca dng FDI ca nn kinh t )

Ngun: Bo co u t th gii World Investment Report 2011 UNCTAD
32
2.2.2.2.
C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan

C cu FDI theo vng giai on 2001 -2011
u t trc tip nc ngoi vo Trung Quc
Sau khi nhng hn ch v trao i kinh t vi Trung Quc c ni lng vo

1988, u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan vo Trung Quc c xu hng
tng lin tc trong giai on 1991 2000. Cho n giai on 2001 2011, c im
ny vn c th hin kh r rt khi s vn FDI Trung Quc nhn c t pha i
Loan ln ti 69,08%, trong khi cc khu vc khc nh Chu , Bc M, Chu u,
Trung Nam M, Chu i Dng v chu Phi ch nhn c hn 30% tng lng
vn ny.
Biu 7. FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 2001-2011
Xt ring lng vn FDI vo Trung Quc trong 10 nm tr li y, c th

thy ngun vn ny lun chim hn 50% tng lng vn FDI ra nc ngoi ca
i Loan qua bng di y:
33
Bng 8. u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Trung Quc i lc

v th gii trong giai on 2001 2011
n v: nghn USD
FDI ca i FDI
Nm
vo
cc
Loan Trung khu vc cn li

Quc
trn th gii
Tng lng vn T trng vn FDI

FDI ra nc vo Trung Quc so
ngoi ca i vi tng lng vn
Loan
FDI ra nc ngoi
2001
2.784.147
4.391.654
7.175.801
38,80%
2002
6.723.058
3.370.046
10.093.104
66,61%
2003
7.698.784
3.968.588
11.667.372
65,99%
2004
6.940.663
3.382.022
10.322.685
67,24%
2005
6.006.953
2.447.449
8.454.402
71,05%
2006
7.642.335
4.315.426
11.957.761
63,91%
2007
9.970.545
6.469.978
16.440.523
60,65%
2008
10.691.390
4.466.491
15.157.881
70,53%
2009
7.142.593
3.005.554
10.148.147
70,38%
2010
14.617.872
2.823.451
17.441.323
83,81%
2011
14.376.624
3.018.168
17.394.792
82,65%
Ngun: Tng hp t Thng k s liu FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc v

th gii giai on 1952 2011 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011)
Vi nhng c im gn gi v a l (cch b bin Trung Quc ch khong
145 km), vn ha, ngn ng, tn gio cng nh p ng c nhng u tin m cc
nh u t i Loan ang tm kim nh th trng lao ng di do, gi t v gi
nhn cng r, tim lc kinh t ln, Trung Quc lun l mt nc nhn u t trc
tip tim nng t pha i tc i Loan.
34
Biu 8. FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan giai on 2001-2011

n v: nghn USD
Sau khi gia nhp WTO vo nm 2001, Trung Quc ra sc ni lng mc

cho php vo th trng, ni lng i b phn cc lnh vc nh tin t, bo him, du
lch, lut php, k ton; nhng hn ch u t cng gim i. y chnh l thi c
qu gi cho cc thng gia nc ngoi, ng thi cng thu ht thm nhiu thng
gia i Loan n Trung Quc u t. iu kin cng tr nn thun li hn khi i
Loan gia nhp WTO vo nm 2002 v ni lng mt s bin php quan h kinh t
vi Trung Quc p ng nhu cu ca gii doanh nghip. Vn FDI ca i Loan
vo Trung Quc nm 2001 t 2,784 t USD tng vt ln 6,723 t USD vo nm
2002 (gp gn 2,5 ln). iu ny cho thy i Loan c mt thc lc kinh t kh
mnh vn ra th trng th gii, khc hn vi giai on trc khi i Loan tp
trung thu ht vn v k thut t bn ngoi.
Khng hong ti chnh th gii 2008 2009 khin ngun vn FDI c s
st gim nh t 10,692 t USD nm 2008 xung cn 7,143 t USD nm 2009. Tuy
nhin, khi Hip nh khung v hp tc kinh t (Economic Cooperation Framework
Agreement ECFA) gia Trung Quc v i Loan chnh thc c k kt vo
35
ngy 29/6/2010, ngun vn FDI ca i Loan vo Trung Quc t mc 14,618

t USD tng hn 200% so vi nm trc . C th nhn thy, i Loan ang
nhanh chng nm bt c hi u t nhm thc y nn kinh t quc gia. Tuy nhin,
khng th ph nhn c rng, s gia tng qu nhanh trong quan h kinh t i vi
Trung Quc khin i Loan kh kim sot c tnh hnh an ninh, th ch chnh
tr v ngay c vi tnh hnh kinh t.
FDI ca i Loan vo cc khu vc khc trn th gii
Sau Trung Quc, Trung Nam M (12,38%) v chu (10,48%) l hai khu
vc thu ht c nhiu FDI nht t pha i Loan trong vng 10 nm tr li y.
Ta c th theo di k hn xu hng FDI ca i Loan vo cc khu vc khc trn th
gii qua biu di y:
Biu 9. FDI i Loan u t ra cc khu vc trn th gii (khng bao gm
Trung Quc) giai on 2001-2011
n v: nghn USD
36
Tuy c s bin ng mnh v lng vn FDI ca i Loan nhng c th thy

r xu hng tng nhanh ca dng FDI vo khu vc chu . Trong vng 5 nm tr
li y (2007 2011), lng vn FDI ca i Loan vo chu chim hn 40%
tng gi tr vn FDI u t ra nc ngoi, trong lng vn vo khu vc ng
Nam chim ti gn 30%.
Biu 10. C cu vn FDI ca i Loan giai on 2007 2011
37
Xu hng bin ng dng vn FDI ca i Loan vo
khu vc chu ni chung v khu vc ng Nam ni ring trong giai on

2001 2011
Biu 11. FDI ca i Loan vo 6 nc ng Nam giai on 2001 2011
n v: nghn USD
Cao tro u t vo Trung Quc nm 2002 nh hng ti ngun vn FDI

ca i Loan vo cc khu vc khc trn th gii. C th l ngun vn ny gim
mnh hu ht cc khu vc nh chu , Bc M, Trung Nam M v Chu Phi.
Trong thng 5/2002, chnh quyn Trn Thy Bin a ra k hoch Thch thc
nm 2008 ku gi hng lot cc nh u t trong nc nng cao kh nng cnh
tranh quc t ca i Loan12. Chng trnh ny c mc tiu l ci thin ton b cc
ngnh kt cu h tng cng nh dch v ca i Loan. iu ny c ngha l i
Loan s tp trung nhiu hn vo cc ngnh cng ngh cao v nhanh chng chuyn
12
Vai tr ca i Loan i vi vic pht trin kinh t ca cc thnh vin ASEAN mi: trng hp ca
Vit Nam.- TS, T Minh Tun HV Ngoi giao VN
38
cc ngnh cn nhiu lao ng ra nc ngoi. Do vy, lnh o i Loan cng

khuyn khch cc doanh nghip y nhanh chnh sch Hng Nam. y l l do
v sao ngun vn FDI vo khu vc ng Nam tng ln nhanh chng trong 2 nm
2003 v 2004.
Nm 2005, do s b tc v chnh tr trong nc di thi Tng thng Trn
Thy Bin, ngun vn FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan st gim nghim trng,
ring chu t mc 1,275 t USD xung cn 430,67 triu USD ch trong nm
ny. i vi ng Nam , s st gim ny c th thy r khi ngun vn FDI vo
Singapore tt gim t mc 822,229 triu USD vo nm 2004 xung cn 97,701
triu USD vo nm 2005.
Giai on 2007 2008, mc d t mc tng ln t 1,390 t USD ln n
2,366 t USD vo nm 2007 v xp x 2,047 t USD trong nm 2008, ngun vn
FDI ca i Loan vo chu cng khng th trnh khi nh hng mnh m ca
khng hong ti chnh th gii v tt xung mc 765,46 triu USD vo 2009. Cho
n sau nm 2010, c th thy ngoi tr Chu u ra th nhng khu vc cn li, bao
gm c khu vc chu (khng tnh Trung Quc) u c s tng ln v lng
vn FDI. iu ny d bo c hi mi cho cc quc gia chu ni chung v cc
quc gia ng Nam ni ring, khi m hu ht cc quc gia thuc khu vc ny
ang tm kim ngun vn u t c cht lng t cc i tc nc ngoi.
i vi cc quc gia thuc khu vc ng Nam , nu vo nm 2007, Thi
Lan v Singapore l hai quc gia nhn c lng vn FDI ln nht trong s 6
nc vi s vn tng ng 712,116 triu USD v 1.194,110 triu USD th n nm
2008, v tr th 2 ca Thi Lan b thay th bi Vit Nam vi s vn 639,325 triu
USD. S kin Vit Nam chnh thc l thnh vin WTO t ngy 11/01/2007 l mt
trong nhng yu t tng hp dn ca th trng Vit Nam trong mt cc nh u
t i Loan. Trong 2 nm 2009 & 2010 tip theo, d bin ng mnh nhng FDI
ca i Loan vo Vit Nam vn c xu hng tng. Tuy nhin, trong nm 2011,
ngun vn FDI vo Singapore t ngt tng ln sau s st gim ng k vo nm
2009 v 2010 chim lnh v tr u bng ca Vit Nam gi trong nm 2010.
39
Nhn chung, tri qua giai on 2001 2011, Singapore dn u vi 48,55%

tng vn FDI vo khu vc ng Nam ca i Loan, theo sau l Vit Nam vi
con s 28,45%.
Biu 12. C cu FDI ca i Loan vo 6 nc ng Nam giai on
2001-2011
on 1952 2011 -y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011)
C cu theo ngnh
C cu FDI theo ngnh trn quy m ton th gii
Qua 11 nm ca giai on 2001-2011, i Loan vn chng t khi ngnh sn

xut l khu vc c u t nhiu vn nht ra phm vi ton th gii.
40
Bng 9. Thng k s d n v gi tr vn ng k u t trc tip nc ngoi

ca i Loan ra th gii (bao gm c Trung Quc) giai on 20012011
S d
n
Ngnh sn xut
T trng trn
Gi tr
tng s d n
vn ng k
(%)
(nghn USD)
T trng so vi
tng gi tr vn
ng k
(%)
14.679
64,00
91.898.878
67,11
2.625
11,44
27.126.681
19,81
8,65
15.349.648
11,21
1.509
6,58
7.769.258
5,67
1.123
4,90
5.353.408
3,91
371
1,62
4.751.698
3,47
Ngnh phi sn xut
8.157
35,56
44.044.986
32,17
Ti chnh v Bo him
1.389
6,06
24.234.071
17,70
Bn bun v bn l
2.922
12,74
8.215.385
6,00
1.514
6,60
3.290.307
2,40
181
0,79
1.937.596
1,42
212
0,92
1.561.119
1,14
Ngnh khc
100
0,44
988.586.955
0,72
Tng
22.936
100,00
136.932.452
100,00
Sn xut linh kin v

ph tng in t
Sn xut my tnh, cc
sn phm in t v 1.983
quang hc
Sn xut thit b in
Sn xut sn phm kim
loi ch to
Sn
xut
ha
cht
nguyn liu
Thng tin v Truyn

thng
Bt ng sn
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
41
i Loan ch yu u t ra nc ngoi trong lnh vc cc ngnh sn xut,

iu ny cng tng t nh vi thc trng t nhng nm 1991 2000; tuy nhin,
gi tr vn FDI trong khi ngnh phi sn xut cng c s tng trng r rt (t
16,40 t trong c thi k 1991-2000 tng ln n hn 44 t USD trong giai on
2001 2011).
Biu 13.T trng gi tr vn FDI ca i Loan ra th gii theo ngnh
giai on 2001-2011
Theo di biu 13, 10 ngnh c lit k u tin bn phi chnh l top 10

ngnh c gi tr vn FDI ca i Loan ra nc ngoi ln nht trong giai on 20012011. C th thy, nhm ngnh sn xut vn chim a s vi 8/10 ngnh (Sn xut
linh kin v ph tng in t; Sn xut my tnh, cc sn phm in t v quang
hc; Sn xut thit b in; Sn xut sn phm kim loi ch to; Sn xut ha cht
nguyn liu; Sn xut my mc v thit b; Sn xut sn phm khong sn phi kim
loi; Sn xut sn phm nha). S thay i ln nht c l l s tri dy ca ngnh
sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t vn ln t v tr th 3 (gi tr vn 3,044 t
42
USD ch chim t trng 7,43% trong giai on 1991-2000) ln v tr dn u vi gi

tr vn 27,126 t USD chim t trng 19,81% giai on ny. Nhm ngnh phi sn
xut vn ch ghi nhn s gp mt ca 2 ngnh Ti chnh bo him v Bn bun bn
l trong top 10 ngnh, chim t trng 23,70% tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i
Loan ra ton th gii.
C cu FDI ca i Loan so snh gia Trung Quc
i lc v th gii
Tuy nhin, nh nhc n phn c cu vng th FDI ca i Loan vo
Trung Quc i lc chim phn ln t trng so vi ton th gii, do , trong phm
vi nghin cu c cu phn b ngnh theo cc vng trn th gii, nhm nghin cu
s tch s liu Trung Quc i lc ra khi khu vc th gii, hay ni cch khc, t
sau y tr i, khi nim th gii s dng ch nhng khu vc lnh th cn li
ngoi i Loan v Trung Quc i lc.
hiu thm v s khc bit trong c cu ngnh c u t ra nc ngoi
ca i Loan n 2 khu vc Trung Quc i lc v th gii trong giai on 2001
2011, ta c th xem xt bng di y:
Bng 10. Top 10 ngnh thu ht FDI ca i Loan ra khu vc th gii v
Trung Quc giai on 2001 2011
Th gii
2001
2011
Tng
T
trng
(%)
Ti chnh v Bo him
1.686.036
1.546.443
21.708.879
51,28
Sn xut linh kin v ph
1.245.553
452.900
6.070.767
14,34
tng in t
3
Bn bun v bn l
210.994
311.090
3.003.306
7,09
Sn xut my tnh, cc sn
211.760
69.508
1.684.907
3,98
448.582
413.916
1.644.983
3,89
phm in t v quang hc
5
Thng tin v Truyn

thng
43
Giao thng vn ti
144.844
137.797
983.918
2,32
52.737
43.357
916.632
2,17
v lu tr
7
Sn xut ha cht nguyn

liu
Sn xut kim loi c bn
6.489
289.393
869.449
2,05
Sn xut sn phm kim
3.437
92.229
865.084
2,04
38.633
19.913
465.562
1,10
loi ch to
10
Cng nghip dt
Trung Quc
2001
2011
Tng
T
trng
(%)
600.559
3.467.195
21.055.915
22,26
492.948
1.550.552
13.664.741
14,45
tng in t
2
phm in t v quang hc
Sn xut thit b in
265.078
644.248
7.358.150
7,78
Bn bun v bn l
117.211
1.232.720
5.212.080
5,51
Sn xut sn phm kim
149.140
396.990
4.488.324
4,74
130.442
534.324
3.935.477
4,16
loi ch to
6
Sn xut My mc v thit
b
Sn xut sn phm nha
152.351
374.929
3.892.138
4,11
Sn xut ha cht nguyn
123.005
832.680
3.835.066
4,05
106.981
555.177
3.757.250
3,97
42.110
293.873
2.597.743
2,75
liu
9
Sn xut sn phm khong

sn phi kim loi
10
Sn xut kim loi c bn
44
C th thy, FDI ca i Loan vo Trung Quc i lc phn ln tp trung

vo nhm ngnh sn xut v c xu hng tng u qua cc nm c 10 ngnh
(bng 11). Trong khi , phn cn li ca th gii li ch yu nhn c FDI ca
i Loan vo ngnh Ti chnh Bo him vi gi tr vn ng k chim n 51,28%
tng gi tr vn ng k qua 11 nm, ring nm 2011, t l ny l 41,84%.
Trong 10 ngnh c lng vn FDI ng k nhiu nht t i Loan ra nc
ngoi (khng tnh Trung Quc i lc) trong giai on 2001 2011, c s xut hin
n 4/10 l cc ngnh phi sn xut v tng gi tr ca 4 ngnh ny (Ti chnh bo
him, Bn bun bn l, Thng tin truyn thng, Giao thng vn ti v lu tr) cng
nhiu gp 2,5 ln gi tr vn ca 6 ngnh cn li trong top 10. iu ny chng t
rng FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc i lc v th gii c s khc nhau r rt
trong c im phn ngnh.
im khc bit ny c th c gii thch bi s khc bit vn c ca 2 th
trng nhn vn l Trung Quc i lc so vi th gii. Cc nh u t i Loan tm
kim th trng Trung Quc i lc u t cc ngnh sn xut cn s dng nhiu
lao ng l do nhng nguyn nhn quen thuc nh lao ng di do, chi ph r;
ngoi ra cc nh u t i Loan cn ngy cng c thm c nhng u i c
mang li t cc chnh sch, cam kt gia 2 b eo bin.
45
Biu 14.Gi tr vn FDI top 10 ngnh ca i Loan ra Trung Quc

giai on 2001 2011
n v: nghn USD
i vi th trng th gii, nh u t i Loan c s la chn ngnh a

dng hn v s thay i t trng cc ngnh ny trong giai on 2001 2011 c s
dao ng mnh. Khc vi s tng kh u ca gi tr vn FDI ca i Loan vo
Trung Quc i lc ca top 10 ngnh (biu 14), cn vi top 10 ngnh ca i
Loan ra th gii, xu th bin ng l kh tm ra s tng hay gim c nh theo thi
gian. Thm ch i vi 6 ngnh Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t; Sn xut
my tnh, cc sn phm in t v quang hc; Bn bun v bn l; Sn xut sn
phm kim loi ch to; Sn xut ha cht nguyn liu; Sn xut kim loi nhng
ngnh c Trung Quc i lc v th gii u nhn c FDI nhiu nht t i Loan
th xu hng bin ng cng khng h c im chung. Nu nhn ring khu vc th
gii th c th gii thch s st gim mnh FDI giai on 2008-2009 l do nh
hng t cuc khng hong ti chnh th gii, v trong 3 nm tr li y th FDI
i Loan c xu hng phc hi tr li.
46
Biu 15. Gi tr vn FDI top 10 ngnh ca i Loan ra th gii giai on

2001 2011
n v: nghn USD
C cu FDI ca i Loan so snh gia ng Nam
v cc khu vc khc ca th gii

C th thy, xu th bin ng FDI ca i Loan ra th gii l bin ng
mnh v kh nm bt xu hng. C l bi th gii c chia thnh nhiu khu vc
v chnh c im ca mi th trng cc khu vc ny mi l yu t quyt nh n
la chn u t vo ngnh no ca i Loan, v th, ta i xem xt c th hn c cu
ngnh ca i Loan vo tng khu vc m trong quy m ti nghin cu ny,
nhm nghin cu la chn khu vc 6 nc ng Nam : Singapore, Thi Lan,
Malaysia, Philipines, Indonesia, Vit Nam cng l 6 nc thuc i tng chnh
47
ca chnh sch Hng Nam ca i Loan. (t on ny, 6 nc k trn s c gi

tt l nhm 6 nc N).
Theo s liu thng k ca y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan, trong giai
on 2001 2011, khu vc chu ch ng th hai sau khu vc Trung Nam M
trong vic tip nhn dng vn u t t i Loan trn quy m th gii, trong khi ,
so snh vi cc nc khc trong khu vc th ring nhm 6 nc ng Nam
chim ti 73,26% t trng FDI ca i Loan vo chu . Nh vy c th thy, FDI
vo khu vc chu ca i Loan thc ra ch yu chy vo nhm 6 nc k trn.
Biu 16. Gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii v nhm 6 nc
ng Nam giai on 2007 2011
n v: nghn USD
C th thy, s bin ng tng gim FDI ca i Loan vo nhm 6 nc

ng Nam kh tng ng vi s thay i ca dng vn ny ra th gii. Nu nh
nhm ngnh sn xut c s st gim ng k vo nm 2009 v dn hi phc tr
li trong 2 nm tip theo trn th gii th nhm ngnh phi sn xut cn chng kin
48
s xung dc mnh hn cho n tn nm 2010 v sau mi tri dy. Trong khi

trn quy m th gii, nhm ngnh phi sn xut lun lun c gi tr vn ln hn
nhiu so vi ngnh sn xut th vi nhm 6 nc N, a s thi gian trong giai
on 2007-2011, ngnh sn xut vn nhnh hn ngnh phi sn xut, tuy nhin, xu
th cng bt u thay i vi s o chiu gy ra bi s gim st gi tr ca
ngnh sn xut v s tng vng chc ca ngnh phi sn xut t sau nm 2009.
C th hn, ta i vo xem xt cc ngnh c th ca nhm 6 nc N nhn
c u t trc tip nc ngoi t i Loan. Gi tr vn ng k t i Loan n
cc nc ny c s bin ng tng i nhiu gia cc ngnh khc nhau.
Bng 11. Thng k top 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k FDI ca i Loan
vo nhm 6 nc N cao nht giai on 2007-2011
n v: nghn USD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ngnh
Ti chnh v Bo
him
Sn xut linh kin v
ph tng in t
Sn xut kim loi c
bn
Sn xut ha cht
nguyn liu
Sn xut sn phm
khong sn phi kim
loi
Bn bun v bn l
2007
1.645.793
2008
168.708
2009
75.995
2010
316.221
2011
547.970
Tng
2.754.687
282.820
398.348
21.500
10.561
82.514
795.743
2.015
298.882
10
221.144
522.051
58.450
25.500
144.900
153.581
40.474
422.906
1.461
908
2.000
300.700
5.172
310.241
2.696
106.603
35.854
65.818
76.974
287.945
Sn xut sn phm
kim loi ch to
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
Cng nghip dt
3.738
5.287
14.294
176.159
44.902
244.379
120.250
326
3.300
12.237
136.113
8.996
79.831
16.258
16.700
6.343
128.127
Sn xut my tnh,
27.040
3.618
11.747
5.189
19.554
67.149
cc sn phm in t
v quang hc
So snh vi top 10 ngnh FDI i Loan ra th gii, ta thy top 10 ngnh trn
c im tng ng ln vi s c mt ca ti 9/10 ngnh. Th t xp hng ca cc
49
ngnh c s xo trn d khng qu ln. V nhm ngnh phi sn xut, ta ch thy s

vng mt ca ngnh Thng tin v truyn thng. Trn thc t, ngnh ny cng c s
st gim rt mnh trn phm vi ton th gii (gim gi tr vn ng k t 448,58
triu USD nm 2001 xung cn 37,97 triu USD nm 2007, sau ngnh ny c s
gia tng tr li nhng khng vng chc m c s dao ng mnh xem thm ti
ph lc), do vic ny c th coi l hp l khi nhm 6 nc N khng thu ht
c nhiu vn ca i Loan vo ngnh ny. Ngoi ra, Ti chnh v bo him vn
gi vng v tr th nht, vi t trng 45,33% tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i
Loan vo nhm 6 nc N. Tip theo sau l ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng
in t thuc nhm ngnh Sn xut vi t trng gi tr vn ng k l 13,09%.
i su hn na vo Vit Nam, nc ta tn dng tt ngun vn FDI ca
i Loan vo nhm 6 nc N vi t trng vn nhn u t t i Loan chim
n 28,45% tng gi tr khu vc ny.
Biu 17. So snh gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan vo
Vit Nam vi nhm 6 nc N theo 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k ln nht
vo nhm 6 nc N giai on 2007-2011
n v: nghn USD
C th thy, vi cc nhm ngnh Vit Nam thu ht c phn ln FDI ca

i Loan so vi nhm 6 nc u l nhng ngnh nm trong danh mc lnh vc u
50
i u t (Ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22 thng 9 nm

2006 ca Chnh ph) nh Cng nghip dt, Sn xut kim loi, nhng ngnh
ny, lng FDI m Vit Nam thu c t i Loan chim t l rt ln so vs khu
vc 6 nc (trn 90%). Tuy nhin, khng phi ngnh no i Loan u t trc tip
vo nhm 6 nc N mt lng ln vn m Vit Nam u c th thu ht c,
in hnh l vi 4 ngnh cn li, t trng ca Vit Nam ch t c rt thp, c bit
c ngnh Sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t Vit Nam ch chim 1,08% lng
vn vo nhm 6 nc N.
Biu 18. C cu ngnh ca Vit Nam v nhm 6 nc ng Nam nhn
FDI t i Loan giai on 2007-2011
Nhn c th hn, c th thy c cu ngnh nhn FDI ca i Loan Vit

Nam vn tp trung ch yu ti nhm ngnh sn xut, iu ny l tri ngc vi xu
hng gia tng t trng nhm ngnh phi sn xut ca ng Nam (t 31,46% ln
58,73% qua giai on 2008 2011. C th hn, nu nhn vo top 10 ngnh nhn
c FDI nhiu nht t i Loan ca Vit Nam th cng ch yu l cc ngnh sn
xut.
Bng 12. Top 10 ngnh c gi tr vn ng k t i Loan vo Vit Nam
giai on 2007 2011
51
Gi tr vn
Gi tr vn ng
T trng ca VN
ng k ca
k vo nhm 6
so vs nhm 6
Vit Nam
nc N
nc N (%)
519.477
522.051
99,51
381.850
422.906
90,29
301.561
310.241
97,20
252.944
2.754.687
9,18
242.509
244.379
99,23
Cng nghip dt
127.739
128.127
99,70
Bn bun v bn l
46.324
287.945
16,09
Sn xut t v ph
35.218
40.188
87,63
28.245
28.245
100,00
25.376
28.854
87,95
Ngnh
Sn xut kim loi c
bn
Sn xut ha cht
nguyn liu
Sn xut sn phm
khong sn phi kim
loi
Ti chnh v Bo
him
Sn xut sn phm kim
loi ch to
tng
Sn xut trang phc
may mc v ph kin
Sn xut My mc v
thit b
Vy c th thy, FDI ra nc ngoi ca i Loan c c im l a dng

ngnh v vn FDI vo cc ngnh sn xut c nhnh hn mt cht so vi nhm
ngnh phi sn xut. Vi Trung Quc, i Loan tp trung vo u t cc ngnh sn
xut; i vi phn cn li ca th gii, t trng ca cc ngnh phi sn xut li cao
hn v ng thi c xu hng dch chuyn sang khu vc cc ngnh phi sn xut
52
trong giai on 2001 2011. Khu vc ng Nam cng khng nm ngoi xu th

ny vi vic cc ngnh phi sn xut thu ht mnh m lng vn FDI t i Loan.
Ring i vi Vit Nam, c l do cha c xp vo danh mc nhng lnh vc u
i u t nn khi ngnh phi sn xut vn cn lp v so vi ngnh sn xut.
Kt lun chng 2
T sau nm 1991, tri qua 20 nm ca giai on a dng ha, quc t ha,
ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan c nhng c im r rt
sau:
Kim ngch vn v s d n d bin ng nh tuy nhin nhn chung c thi k
vn c s gia tng c 2 ch s, c bit, thi k 2001 2011 chng kin s tng
trng mnh m vi s d n mi nm t n con s 4 ch s.
Trung Quc l quc gia nhn c nhiu vn FDI ca i Loan nht trn
phm vi ton th gii trong sut 20 nm. Cc thng gia i Loan ch yu tp
trung vo u t khi ngnh sn xut v t l tng trng FDI ca i Loan vo
Trung Quc i lc lun c c s tng trng vng chc.
V phn cn li ca th gii, khu vc chu vn ln thay th v tr dn
u ca Trung Nam M v t trng thu ht FDI t i Loan so vi th gii trong
giai on 2001 - 2011. c bit, nhm 6 nc ng Nam (Singapore, Thi Lan,
Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia v Vit Nam) l khu vc cc k hp dn vi cc
nh u t i Loan khi thu ht ti 73,26% t trng FDI ca i Loan vo chu
trong cng giai on ny. C cu ngun vn FDI phn b theo ngnh ca i Loan
ra th gii v khu vc ng Nam c nhiu im tng ng: tp trung ch yu
vo nhm ngnh phi sn xut vi cc ngnh nh Ti chnh bo him, Bn bun
bn l, Giao thng vn ti v lu tr
Ring vi Vit Nam, i Loan cng ngy cng tr thnh nh u t quan
trng khi FDI ca i Loan vo Vit Nam c xu hng tng mnh trong giai on
1991-2011 v ch yu tp trung ti nhm ngnh sn xut im khc bit so vi
khu vc.
CHNG 3
53
XUT GII PHP THU HT NGUN VN FDI T I LOAN VO

VIT NAM
3.1.
D on xu hng u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan

Trong 20 nm tr li y, gi tr vn u t v s d n FDI ca i Loan c
xu hng tng nhanh, c bit l i vi dng vn vo khu vc ng Nam

Bng 13. S d n v tng gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan ra th gii
giai on 1991-02/2012
Nm
Th gii
Nhm 6 nc N
S d Tng vn ng S d
n
k (nghn USD)
n
Tng vn ng
k (nghn USD)
Vit Nam
1991
365
1.656.231
113
719.776
Tng vn ng
k (nghn
USD)
5
17.139
1992
300
887.259
83
309.126
20.167
1993
326
1.661.046
84
433.643
12
158.396
1994
324
1.616.844
103
397.731
33
108.378
1995
339
1.356.878
107
326.098
34
108.146
1996
470
2.165.404
133
587.268
25
100.479
1997
759
2.893.826
111
641.241
25
85.414
1998
896
3.296.302
136
477.494
22
110.078
1999
774
3.269.013
64
522.180
34.567
2000
1,391
5.077.062
90
389.446
23
54.046
2001
1,387
4.391.654
77
523.337
30.911
2002
925
3.370.046
68
210.864
14
55.192
2003
714
3.968.588
60
298.101
15
157.369
54
S
d
n
2004
658
3.382.022
77
966.333
22
95.128
2005
521
2.447.449
90
264.145
41
93.932
2006
478
4.315.426
72
1.065.228
29
123.736
2007
464
6.469.978
57
2.094.481
24
109.282
2008
387
4.466.491
57
1.379.612
31
639.325
2009
251
3.005.554
32
401.321
16
242.774
2010
247
2.823.451
33
1.082.771
11
670.118
2011
306
3.696.827
41
1.118.518
17
457.737
2012
46
11
5
761.678
367.909
207.517
01~02
Ngun: Tng hp t Thng k s liu FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc v
th gii giai on 1952 2/2012 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2012)
D c st gim so vi thi k trc nhng FDI i Loan t c tng
tr li vi s tng c v s d n v lng vn u t. Tuy rng s tng ny cn kh
chm, FDI i Loan s vn l mt trong nhng ngun FDI di do trn th gii.
Ngoi ra, cc d n u t ca i Loan cng khng dng mc quy m va v
nh na, m ang dn nng ln tm cao hn.
55
Biu 19. Quy m d n FDI i Loan ra th gii giai on 1991-02/2012

n v: nghn USD
on 1952 2/2012 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2012)
Ngoi ra, khu vc chu cng ang dn tin ti chim v tr hng u trong
vic thu ht vn u t nc ngoi ca i Loan vi t trng i Loan u t vo
khu vc chu hay c th hn l nhm 6 nc N ngy cng nhiu.
56
Biu 20. S thay i trong t trng nhn vn FDI t i Loan vo cc

khu vc giai on 1991-2011
Nh th hin qua s dch chuyn giai on 2001 2011 so vs giai on

10 nm trc , sau giai on suy thoi 2008 2009, FDI ca i Loan phc hi
c 2 lnh vc sn xut v phi sn xut trong tc tng trng ca phi sn xut
c phn vt tri so vi ngnh sn xut. (tc tng trng FDI ngnh phi sn xut
v sn xut nm 2011 ln lt l 55.92% v 4,17%13). iu ny c th c gii
thch bi, trc y, i Loan u t trc tip nc ngoi ch yu nhm mc ch
xut khu ngc. Tuy nhin, hin nay i Loan tr thnh nc pht trin hn
so vi qu kh, v h khng ch lc u t vo ngnh sn xut m mc tiu
ca i Loan cn l tn dng cc th trng mi. Do , i Loan gia tng vn u
t vo nhm ngnh phi sn xut l thu li nhun ngay trn th trng nc nhn
13
S liu nhm nghin cu tng hp t Thng k s liu FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc v th
gii giai on 1952 2011 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011)
57
u t. Nhn vo khu vc ng Nam , ta c th thy FDI ca i Loan tng tr

li d cn chm trong giai on 2009 2011.
Biu 21. Gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan vo nhm 6 nc
ng Nam giai on 2007-2011
n v: nghn USD
Bng 14. Top 5 ngnh c tc tng trng v gi tr vn ng k ln nht

ca i Loan ra ng Nam giai on 2009-2011
n v: nghn USD
Ngnh
Sn xut kim loi c bn
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
Ti chnh v Bo him
Sn xut t v ph tng
Gi tr vn
nm 2009
10
Gi tr vn
nm 2011
221.144
Tc tng trng
bnh qun nm
14781,39%
326
75.995
1.052
12.237
547.970
5.511
512,55%
168,53%
128,82%
58

tng in t
Sn xut sn phm kim loi
ch to
Sn xut sn phm ha cht
Sn xut sn phm khong
sn phi kim loi
Bn bun v bn l
Dch v h tr
21.500
82.514
95,91%
14.294
2.850
44.902
8.000
77,23%
67,54%
2.000
35.854
314
5.172
76.974
659
60,82%
46,52%
44,92%
Bng trn cho thy top 10 ngnh c tc tng trng v gi tr vn ng k

ln nht ca i Loan ra N, phn ln nhng ngnh ny gp mt trong top 10
ngnh nhm 6 nc N thu ht c nhiu vn nht ca i Loan. iu ny cho
thy xu hng i Loan s cn tip tc u t vo khu vc y tim nng pht trin
ny, c bit l cc ngnh phi sn xut nh Ti chnh bo him; Giao thng vn
ti lu tr hay Bn bun bn l
Tm li, i Loan , ang v s vn l mt nh u t tim nng, khng ch
ca khu vc ng Nam m cn ca th gii bi s gia tng v hi phc vng
chc v c kim ngch vn u t cng nh s d n. Trong nhng nm ti y, chc
chn chng ta s chng kin s gia tng gi tr vn ng k u t trc tip nc
ngoi t i Loan vo cc ngnh a dng. Trong , nh i vi khu vc nhm 6
nc ng Nam , i Loan s tip tc gia tng vn u t c 2 nhm ngnh sn
xut v phi sn xut vi cc ngnh mi nhn tung ng l ngnh ti chnh bo
him v ngnh sn xut linh kin ph tng in t, ngnh sn xut kim loi c bn.
Tuy nhin, tc gia tng vn ca nhm ngnh phi sn xut c th s nhnh hn
nhm ngnh sn xut. D vy, lng vn FDI ny cng s l mt trong nhng nhn
t quan trng gp phn thc y nn cng nghip ca cc nc ng Nam i
theo hng hin i ha.
59
3.2.
C hi thu ht u t FDI vo ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng

in t i vi Vit Nam
Da vo nhng phn tch trn, nhm ngnh phi sn xut ca khu vc ng
Nam rt c c hi n nhn lng vn ln v khi ngnh phi sn xut, tuy nhin,

trong tng lai gn th t trng nhng ngnh ny Vit Nam kh c th tng cao.
Mt trong s nhng nguyn nhn chnh ca vn ny bt ngun t Ch th ca
Th tng Chnh ph s 1617/CT-TTg ngy 19 thng 9 nm 2011 v vic tng
cng thc hin v chn chnh cng tc qun l u t trc tip nc ngoi trong
thi gian ti. Ch th 1617 hng dn cc B v U ban nhn dn cc tnh khuyn
khch kinh t u t nc ngoi pht trin theo quy hoch, trong cho u tin d
n thu ht cng ngh hin i, tp trung vo cc lnh vc thu ht h tr cng
nghip, cng nghip phc v nng nghip v dch v m Vit Nam c li th . Ch
th nhn mnh rng: "Hn ch cc d n u t vo khu vc phi sn xut, lm gia
tng tnh trng nhp siu, tiu tn nng lng, khai thc khng gn vi ch bin."
Tuy vy, iu khng c ngha Vit Nam khng c c hi thu ht vn FDI
t pha i tc i Loan. Trong nhng ngnh c tc tng trng ln v vn FDI
ca i Loan ra khu vc ng Nam vn xut hin nhiu ngnh sn xut m Vit
Nam c th thu ht. Trong giai on 2001 2011, nc ta tn dng c rt tt
ngun vn FDI ca i Loan vo cc ngnh sn xut, c bit l cc ngnh sn xut
kim loi (chim 99,51% tng gi tr vn FDI vo ngnh ny ca khu vc nhm 6
nc giai on 2007 2011), ch cn duy c ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng
in t l nc ta mi thu ht c 795,74 triu USD vn FDI t i Loan tng
ng vi ch 1,08% tng lng vn FDI ca i Loan vo ngnh ny so vi khu vc
nhm 6 nc.
Mt khc, khng th ph nhn c rng cng nghip in t ang l mt
trong nhng ngnh c trin vng pht trin ln v gi v tr then cht trong nn kinh
t hin i ca Vit Nam. Trin vng pht trin ca ngnh ny c th hin kh
nng khai thc li th so snh ca Vit Nam l ngun nhn lc di do, kho lo,
cn c v tip thu nhanh. Trong bi cnh ton cu ha, ngnh cng nghip in t
c xu hng chia nh qu trnh sn xut thnh nhiu cng on v quc t ha tng
60
cng on sn xut. Chnh v th m d trnh cng ngh ca Vit Nam cha thc
s ni bt so vi cc quc gia trong khu vc nhng vn c nhng li th nht nh
pht trin lnh vc ny. Ngy nay, khi cc TNCs la chn a im u t, h
khng ch xt n li th v chi ph nhn cng r nh trc kia, m cn tnh n cc
li th so snh khc v u vo sn xut nh linh kin, ph tng, dch v sn xut,
nhng yu t gip h c th cnh tranh c v gi v cht lng. V vy m cng
nghip sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic
tng li th cnh tranh thu ht FDI cho cc doanh nghip thuc lnh vc cng
nghip in t ti Vit Nam. Sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong nc pht
trin s cung ng c cc sn phm cn thit cho cc cc doanh nghip in t,
gim chi ph yu t u vo i vi cc doanh nghip FDI.
Thm vo , Vit Nam s c iu kin rt thun li thu ht vn FDI ca
i Loan vo ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t nu D tho Ngh nh
sa i Ngh nh 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi
tit v hng dn mt s iu ca Lut u t vi nhng iu chnh trong Danh
mc c bit u i u t14 c thng qua. Theo D tho ny, cc d n u t
sn xut cc sn phm cng nghip h tr thuc 5 chuyn ngnh: dt - may, da giy, in t - tin hc, sn xut lp rp t, c kh ch to; nui trng nng, lm,
thy sn trn bin v hi o, chn nui ng vt c chng ( iu, c su, trn...)
trn cc vng c bit kh khn, cung cp nguyn liu u vo cho ngnh sn xut
da giy... c b sung vo danh mc ny.
Chnh v nhng l do trn, Vit Nam cn kp thi c nhng chnh sch ph
hp pht trin ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t trong thi gian ti.
Thu ht vn FDI vo ngnh cng nghip ny l mt trong nhng gii php hu hiu,
bi thng qua qu trnh chuyn giao cng ngh nh ngun vn FDI, cc doanh
nghip sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t c th nng cao cht lng sn phm,
p ng cc yu cu v tiu chun cht lng, s lng, gi c cng nh thi hn
giao hng t cc nh u t nc ngoi. Trong bi cnh i Loan ang tp trung
14
Lp mi danh mc u i u t Bo u t 18/01/2012
61
mt lng ln vn FDI vo ngnh cng nghip sn xut linh kin v ph tng in

t ti khu vc ng Nam , Vit Nam cn a ra nhng chnh sch ph hp n
u ngun vn ny.
3.3.
Khi qut thc trng ngnh sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong
nc
3.3.1.
Sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong nc vn ang b hn

ch v s lng v cht lng
Nm 2010 ngnh in t Vit Nam xut khu t 3,4 t USD, nhng nhp
khu trn 4,6 t USD, Vit Nam ch cung cp c cc sn phm bao b carton, v
nha15. iu chng t phn ln linh kin, ph tng in t phc v cho cng
nghip in t phi nhp khu t nc ngoi. Mt v d khc trong sn xut, lp rp
in gia dng, 70% s lng linh ph kin in t c sn xut trong nc, nhng
gi tr th ch t 30%16. Hay khi hng Canon mun s dng cc loi c vt do cc
DN VN sn xut cho sn phm my in lm ti VN, th nhng c 26 DN m Canon
kho st u khng c sn phm t yu cu, buc Canon phi nhp ca Cng ty
Fujitsu Vit Nam. Nhiu DN FDI ln c kim ngch xut khu cao vn phi nhp
khu 100% linh kin v nguyn vt liu t nc ngoi hoc ch mua c mt s
nguyn vt liu nh nha, bng mch, kt cu st, khung, thng cc tng, xp
chn t cc doanh nghip Vit Nam.
Trong khi , k vng tng cung linh ph kin trong nc cho cc nh sn
xut, lp rp in t FDI l rt ng khch l, khi c ti 73% s nh sn xut Nht
Bn c d nh mua hng ca cc nh cung cp ni a Vit Nam so vi t l 62%
trong ASEAN v 28% ca Trung Quc17.
Bn cnh , tuy gi nhn cng nc ra hin nay l r so vi cc nc
trong khu vc nhng nng sut lao ng ch mc trung bnh v thp, ch yu l
15
B cng thng cc cng nghip a phng - http://www.aip.gov.vn
16 17
T.S Nguyn Th Nhiu Vin nghin cu Thng Mi B Cng thng Thc trng v
gii php pht trin cng nghip h tr in t Vit Nam
62
lao ng th cng, tc phong lao ng cn km, dn n s yu km v cht lng

sn phm, khng p ng c yu cu ca cc nh u t quc t.
3.3.2.
Kh nng p ng nhu cu trong nc cn thp dn n nhp siu

linh kin v ph tng in t
Quan h xut nhp khu linh kin in t ca Vit Nam ch yu c thc

hin vi cc nc trong khu vc. Theo Thng k nhp khu thc t 15 ngy u
thng 3 v lu k t u nm n 15/3/2012 Cc Hi quan Vit Nam, kim ngch
nhp khu nhm mt hng my vi tnh, sn phm in t & linh kin trong thng
t 933 triu USD, tng 1,4% so vi thng trc. Tnh n ht qu I/2012, c nc
nhp khu 2,64 t USD nhm hng ny, tng 88,7%, tng ng tng 1,24 t USD;
trong nhp khu ca khu vc FDI l 2,33 t USD, tng 113% . Trong , Trung
Quc l th trng cung cp ln nht nhm hng ny cho Vit Nam vi kim ngch
t 641 triu USD, tng 49,4%. Tip theo l cc th trng: Hn Quc: 585 triu
USD, tng 58,3%; Nht Bn: 395 triu USD, tng 86,2%; Hoa K: 254 triu USD,
tng hn 5,8 ln v Singapore: 230 triu USD, tng 4,9 ln.
Quan st s liu c th thy, Vit Nam ang nhp khu mt khi lng ln
cc sn phm in t v linh kin t nc ngoi. Trong khi Trung Quc v cc
nc ASEAN khc tr thnh nhng nc xut khu hng in t v linh kin ln
nht trn th gii v chim th phn ln trn hu ht cc th trng nhp khu ch
yu, Vit Nam ang ngy cng ph thuc vo nhp khu cc loi linh ph kin in
t ny.
3.3.3.
ng dng cng ngh mi v i mi cng ngh ca cc doanh

nghip sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t cha theo kp s pht
trin ca khoa hc cng ngh trong khu vc v trn th gii
Phn ln cc doanh nghip in t Vit Nam l cc doanh nghip va v nh,

kh nng ti chnh hn ch nn cng ngh v trang thit b sn xut lc hu khong
10 15 nm so vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii.
T l chi cho vn u t i mi cng ngh ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
ch chim khong 0,2%-0,5% doanh thu, trong u t cho hot ng nghin cu
63
v pht trin ch khong 0,01% doanh thu, thp hn so vi n hin l 5%, Hn

Quc 10% 18.
Mt khc, tuy lc lng lao ng trong ngnh in t c nh gi cao v
kh nng, mc tip thu cng ngh mi, nhng ngnh in t Vit Nam li ang
rt thiu cc nh khoa hc u ngnh, cc k s cng ngh, k s nghin cu thit
k v pht trin sn phm l nhng ngi c kh nng to ra nhng sn phm mi
c gi tr gia tng cao.
3.3.4.
Quy m cu ni a i vi sn phm linh kin, ph tng in t

ca Vit Nam cn hn ch
Mt vn ln na khin cng nghip h tr in t ca Vit Nam cha pht

trin l quy m cu ni a i vi mt s nguyn, ph liu u vo cha ti
mc hp dn u t nh li th t quy m.Cc nh sn xut linh ph kin, v d nh
Nht Bn, thng mun xut khu cc linh kin ca h sn xut Thi Lan v
Malaysia sang Vit Nam hn l chp nhn ri ro u t vo Vit Nam. Hin nay,
cc nh cung cp linh ph kin in t tham gia vo th trng Vit Nam cn rt t
v h cn phi c lng t hng ti thiu ln hn.
D tho Ngh nh sa i Ngh nh 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca
Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v hng dn mt s iu ca Lut u t s c nhng
iu chnh trong Danh mc Lnh vc, a bn u i u t ban hnh km theo. C
th hn, cc d n u t sn xut cc sn phm cng nghip h tr thuc 5 chuyn
ngnh: dt - may, da - giy, in t - tin hc, sn xut lp rp t, c kh ch to;
nui trng nng, lm, thy sn trn bin v hi o, chn nui ng vt c chng
( iu, c su, trn...) trn cc vng c bit kh khn, cung cp nguyn liu u
vo cho ngnh sn xut da giy... c b sung vo danh mc c bit u i u
t. iu ny chng t chnh ph Vit Nam bc u c s quan tm i vi
ngnh cng nghip h tr ni chung v sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t ni
ring.
18
Tp ch Tiu chun o lng cht lng, s 4, 2/2011, trang 10-11
64
Gii php thu ht vn FDI t i Loan vo lnh vc sn phm linh kin,
3.4.
ph tng in t ti Vit Nam

Nhng phn tch trn chng minh vai tr quan trng ca ngnh sn xut
linh kin v ph tng in t i vi s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip in t
Vit Nam. Cng vi th mnh v ch trng u t trong lnh vc cng nghip h
tr m c bit l nhm ngnh sn xut linh kin in t ca i Loan, nhm
nghin cu mnh dn xut mt s gii php nng cao kh nng thu ht vn
FDI t i Loan vo Vit Nam ni chung v ngnh cng nghip sn xut linh kin
in t ni ring :
3.4.1.
Nhm gii php xy dng khung chnh sch FDI ca Vit Nam
thu ht nh u t i Loan, Vit Nam cn duy tr th ch chnh tr n

nh, gi vng b my nh nc trong sch vng mnh, nng cao nng lc qun l,
hn ch tham nhng lm pht. Hn na, phi a ra h thng php lut ng b, th
tc u t n gin, ban hnh nhiu chnh sch khuyn khch, nhm bo m quyn
li cho cc nh u t, n gin ha th tc, quy trnh u t. Cng vi s hi nhp
vo nn kinh t th gii, vic xa b cc hng ro thu quan, phi thu quan, minh
bch ho cc iu kin u t, m ca cho cc nh u t nc ngoi cng s gip
thu ht vn u t FDI vo Vit Nam.
Sau y l 6 khuyn ngh lin quan n khung chnh sch u t ca Vit
Nam ca ng Quentin Dupriez, thnh vin ban son tho Bo co ca UNCTAD
nhm thc hin tt tim nng thu ht FDI v thu c thm nhiu li ch t FDI:
Mt l Chnh ph Vit Nam cn chuyn t ng li "kim sot
v ch o" sang "iu tit, theo di v cng ch tun th". Mt s bin php cn
thc hin ngay nh c th ho danh sch cc hn ch tip nhn u t, xo b gii
hn v thi gian trong giy chng nhn u t...
Hai l thc hin u t vo mt s lnh vc quan trng, khuyn
khch cc dng u t mi nhm a dng ho lnh vc ch khng ch vo xut

khu.
65
Ba l to iu kin thun li cho vic hp thu cc k nng cn
thit cho nn kinh t. Vit Nam cn tip tc hon thin hn na chnh sch pht
trin k nng da trn gio dc.
Bn l phn bit r rng chc nng s hu v chc nng iu
tit ca Nh nc. Trong , UNCTAD xut: chuyn giao quyn s hu tt c

cc doanh nghip Nh nc cho SCIC v trao cho tng cng ty ny chc nng thc
hin rng buc ngn sch i vi tt c cc doanh nghip quc doanh v thc hin
c ch tr cp Nh nc mt cch minh bch khi cn thit.
Nm l n gin ho h thng thu v hp l ho c cu u i
thu nhm gip c quan qun l thu d dng thc thi. C th, Chnh ph nn tin
hnh nh gi tng th cc u i thu v ci cch h thng hin hnh khin cho h
thng thu ph cp tr nn hp dn v cnh tranh.
Su l hp thu v thc hin cc thay i ca php lut mt cch
lnh mnh. Cn c nhiu n lc trang b thng tin, gio dc-o to cc thm

phn v cc nh qun l.
Ngoi ra, ta c th tham kho nhng kinh nghim v khung chnh sch u t
FDI ca cc nc khc nh sau: Thi Lan c Lut xc tin thng mi quy nh r
rng c quan no, ngnh no c nhim v g trong vic xc tin u t, thc hin tt
cng tc quy hoch v cng khai cc k hoch pht trin t nc tng giai on,
ngn v trung hn. Trung Quc thc hin phn cp, phn quyn, nng cao quyn
hn nhiu hn cho cc tnh, thnh ph, khu t tr trong qun l nh nc i vi
doanh nghip FDI. Nh nc cho php mi tnh, thnh ph, khu t tr c nhng c
quyn trong qun l, ph chun d n u t.Trung Quc cng cng b rng ri v
tp trung hng dn u t nc ngoi vo cc ngnh c khuyn khch pht trin,
quan tm n quyn li ca nh u t nc ngoi bng cch thng xuyn b sung,
sa i Lut u t nc ngoi, nhm bo tnh thc thi nghim tc.
C mt iu cn c bit ch y l, chnh sch thu ht FDI vo ngnh
sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t cn tnh n vn chuyn giao cng ngh
cho pha Vit Nam sau mt thi hn nht nh, nht l i vi nhng chi tit quan
trng, i hi k thut gia cng cao, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cha th m nhn
66
ngay trong giai on u. Vic phn chia cng vic v ni a ha cn phi lun
c ch trng trong qu trnh ph duyt d n FDI vo CNPT.
3.4.2.
Nhm gii php ci thin mi trng kinh t
Theo nghin cu cho thy, phn ln cc ch u t i Loan u t vo cc

nc l khai thc tim nng li th v chi ph. Chi ph cng thp th cng hp dn
vi cc nh u t nc ngoi.i vi cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam,chi
ph lao ng thp,c cu dn s tr,lc lng lao ng di do nhit huyt lun l
c hi thu ht u t nc ngoi.Gi nhn cng Vit Nam cn rt r so vi cc
nc ang pht trin.Khi gi nhn cng tng ln th khuynh hng u t FDI cng
gim r rt. Ti Vit Nam, qu trnh ci cch hnh chnh cn chuyn bin chm, cc
th tc lin quan n hot ng u t cn phc tp; nn tham nhng cn ph bin
v cha c bin php ngn chn, loi b hu hiu; cc chi ph dch v v c s h
tng h tr kinh doanh, chi ph trung gian, chi ph gia nhp th trng ca cc
doanh nghip cn ln so vi cc nc trong khu vc. S phi hp trong cc hot
ng ci cch c cu kinh t, ci cch th ch vi chin lc hi nhp kinh t quc
t cn cha nhp nhng, ng b. khc phc tnh trng trn, Vit Nam cn p
dng cc bin php c th nhm ci thin mi trng kinh t trong nc:
Mt l, ch trng u t c s vt cht, h tng giao thng
thun tin, c bit l h tr v cng ngh cho cc doanh nghip sn xut linh kin
v ph tng in t:
u t c s vt cht, h tng giao thng
u t xy dng h thng cng nc su tiu chun nhn tu c
trng ti ln c th gim chi ph vn ti hng hi. Vit Nam phi c c mt

chin lc r rng v cng bin. Theo EuroCham (Hip hi xc tin thng mi
chu u), cn 4 - 5 cng bin tt pha Nam, 2 - 3 cng bin ln pha Bc v c
th l 1 - 2 cng bin min Trung, s hiu qu hn khi VN u t xy dng 11 12 cng bin tt thay v c ti 50 - 60 cng bin nh nm ri rc cc a phng
khc nhau..
67
Xy dng ng b c s h tng, nng cp, xy mi cc tuyn ng
ni cng v khu cng nghip p ng c nhu cu vn ti, u t vo h thng

c s h tng mng pht trin n nh cht lng dch v;
-
y nhanh tin trnh c phn ha cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v
thng tin lin lc nng cao hiu qu cht lng cnh tranh cng nh cht lng
sn phm.
H tr v cng ngh cho cc doanh nghip sn xut
linh kin v ph tng in t:

-
H tr ti chnh i mi cng ngh: Nh nc cn tng cng ngn
sch u t pht trin nng lc cng ngh i vi cc doanh nghip bng cch h
tr v kinh ph cc doanh nghip ny c th mua bn quyn cng ngh t nc
ngoi v ng dng c hiu qu s chuyn giao cng ngh ca th gii. Hot ng
h tr nu trn c th thc hin theo chng trnh v theo tng giai on. mi
giai on c kim tra, nh gi kt qu v iu chnh cho st mc tiu ra
-
Thc y hot ng chuyn giao cng ngh t cc cng ty ln ti cc
doanh nghip, c bit l ngun cng ngh cao m cc cng ty FDI ln mang vo
Vit Nam trong qu trnh u t. To iu kin thun li cho cc cng ty FDI c d
n chuyn giao cng ngh ph hp hay c cc bin php khuyn khch chuyn giao
cng ngh c nhanh chng i vo hot ng
-
Xy dng tiu chun cht lng sn phm theo hng tip cn vi
trnh quc t lm cn c cho vic nh hng pht trin. Hin nay, cc kha cnh
php l v qun l cht lng sn phm do c quan Tiu chun v Cht lng
(STAMEQ) thuc B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh. C quan ny cn tng
cng hot ng ca mnh nhm gip cc doanh nghip nhn thc c tm quan
trng ca cht lng sn phm. Cn sm ban hnh tiu chun cht lng ring i
vi tng chng loi sn phm ph hp vi tiu chun quc t cc doanh nghip
b ng khi tip xc vi cc i tc nc ngoi.
68
Hai l a dng ha cc hnh thc u i
Nhng u i v thu hay th tc hnh chnh i khi khng phi l nhng g

nh u t nc ngoi quan tm bi sau khi trin khai d n, h vp phi rt nhiu
kh khn t mt bng, nh xng, h tng in, nc, vin thng Chng hn
mun thu ht cc nh u t vo mt khu cng nghip, chng ta phi m bo cc
iu kin v c s h tng m bo cng nh cc gi dch v hp l. S rt kh
khn cho cc doanh nghip khi h ch c nhu cu s dng nh xng t 300 n
1000m2 nhng a phn cc Khu cng nghip hin nay li xy dng nh xng qu
rng, t 2.000 - 10.000m2. a dng ha cc hnh thc u i s l ng lc thc
y cc nh u t la chn Vit Nam l a im u t l tng.
Ba l nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc bng vic gia tng t
l lao ng c qua o to
Theo nh gi ca nhiu chuyn gia, chnh s yu km ca ngun nhn lc
cn tr s pht trin ca cng nghip h tr in t cng nh hot ng thu ht
FDI vo ngnh ny. Lao ng Vit Nam thiu s tch ly v trnh cng ngh so
do s chm tr trong chuyn giao cng ngh, yu cu v hiu sut cao v v
QCDSS (tc l thiu s tin cy v nhn thc v cht lng, chi ph, thi hn giao
hng, dch v v tc )19
ci thin tnh hnh trn, chng ta cn phi o to ngi lao ng c v k
nng lm vic, k nng qun l, cng ngh sn xut. Th nht, cn tng cng k
nng thc hnh nh lin kt gia c s o to v c s sn xut m mt cch kh
c hiu qu l cho hc vin tham gia cc kha o to thng qua hc vic (OJT
On the Job Training). Th hai, khuyn khch khu vc c vn u t nc ngoi ti
cc khu cng nghip thnh lp Trung tm o to ngun nhn lc chuyn cung cp
nhn lc c cht lng cho chnh bn thn h v cho cc doanh nghip khc. Ngoi
ra, cn tng u t cho o to ngun nhn lc. Vic nng cao cht lng ngun
nhn lc khng ch dng mc tiu thu ht FDI m quan trng l cn phi tnh n
19
Pht trin CNPT: bt u t ngun nhn lc http://dddn.com.vn
69
vic nng cao trnh cho ngi lao ng h c th tip thu cng ngh, kinh
nghim qun l ca cc doanh nghip FDI.
3.4.3.
Nhm gii php tng cng cc yu t to thun li trong kinh

doanh
Theo bo co nm 2011 ca Ngn hng th gii (WB), mi trng kinh

doanh ca Vit Nam xp hng 98 trong tng s 183 quc gia kho st, ng th 5
trong khi ASEAN. Trong tng th bng xp hng, Vit Nam tt 8 bc so vi nm
2010, ng th 98. Xt ring tng tiu ch, Tip cn tn dng (Getting Credit) l
hng mc m Vit Nam c nh gi cao nht, xp hng 24. Bo v nh u t
(hng 166), S thu phi np (hng 152) v Khc phc kh nng thanh ton (hng
142) l ba hng mc b nh gi thp nht ca Vit Nam. tng cng cc yu t
to thun li cho kinh doanh, Vit Nam cn :
Mt l, nhanh chng nghin cu, lm r danh mc thu ht u
t vn FDI theo quc gia v theo ngnh, tn dng th mnh ring ca cc nh u

t vo pht trin trng im cc ngnh Vit Nam.
Vit Nam cn nhanh chng hon tt vic la chn ngnh cng nghip mi
nhn v trin khai cc bin php h tr, tp trung n cc ngnh ny. Ngnh cng
nghip v cc ngnh h tr c mi tng quan cht ch vi nhau, s pht trin ca
cc ngnh cng nghip khin nhu cu v cc sn phm ph tr cng gia tng v
ngc li, ngnh cng nghip h tr pht trin s to ra nhiu gi tr hn cho cc
doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut cng nghip. Chnh v th, vic
lng tng trong la chn cc ngnh cng nghip mi nhn ca Vit Nam s c tc
ng km hm ngnh cng nghip h tr. C th hn, ngnh sn xut linh kin v
ph tng in t l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip h tr quan trng i vi
ngnh cng nghip in t. to iu kin thun li pht trin ngnh cng nghip
h tr ny, Vit Nam cn phi nhanh chng c nhng nh hng pht trin trong
tng lai.
70
Hai l, tch cc theo di gim st cc d n FDI, a ra nhiu
gii php h tr cc doanh nghip, to cu ni gia cc doanh nghip FDI v

chnh quyn.
Cc c quan chc nng ca a phng cng phi c on kim tra trc tip
cc d n FDI nm bt tnh hnh v t hiu qu trong cng tc qun l. ng
thi, cn thc hin cc bin php thc y gii ngn, hn ch cc d n khng mang
li li ch cho Vit Nam v mt cng ngh, cng ngh qu lc hu hay cc d n
tc ng xu n mi trng. Bn cnh , c th a ra cc ch u i cho cc
i tng c bit cc doanh nghip ln, c uy tn u t vo Vit Nam. ng
thi nh gi v la chn cc a phng c li th lm trng tm thu ht ngun
vn u t ca tng ngnh, tng quc gia. Trng hp ca Samsung u t vo
Vit Nam l mt v d in hnh. Khi Samsung Electronics u t xy dng nh
my ti Vit Nam, h khng ch mang li mt ngun vn hng trm triu USD, kim
ngch xut khu c th ln n 5 t USD, to vic lm cho hn mt vn lao ng
m cn to ra c hi tt pht trin ngnh cng nghip h tr. Khng lu sau khi
Samsung Electronics khnh thnh nh my sn xut Vit Nam vo nm 2009,
c hng chc cc nh u t v tinh ca Samsung vo Vit Nam. Nhng nh u
t v tinh ny to nn mt ngun cung ng linh kin ng k cho nh my ca
Samsung. Chnh v vy, vic thnh cng thu ht cc doanh nghip ln, c uy tn
trn th trng quc t s m ra nhiu c hi cho cc ngnh cng nghip h tr ca
Vit Nam pht trin.
Kt lun chng 3
Thng qua qu trnh nghin cu, phn tch, nhm nghin cu :
1.
Tr li c cc vn :
i Loan ang c xu hng u t vo ngnh no? - i vi
khu vc nhm 6 nc ng Nam , i Loan s tip tc gia tng vn u t c 2

nhm ngnh sn xut v phi sn xut vi cc ngnh mi nhn tng ng l ngnh
ti chnh bo him v ngnh sn xut linh kin ph tng in t, ngnh sn xut
kim loi c bn.
71
V sao Vit Nam nn v cn thu ht FDI vo ngnh sn xut linh
kin v ph tng in t t i Loan?

-
Vit Nam c xu hng hn ch tip nhn u t vo cc ngnh phi sn
xut nhm trnh lm gia tng tnh trng nhp siu, tiu tn nng lng, khai thc
khng gn vi ch bin.
-
Ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t gip gim chi ph sn
xut u vo cho doanh nghip, lm tin cho mt nn cng nghip sn xut ti

u.
-
i vi ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t, nc ta mi thu
ht c 795,74 triu USD vn FDI t i Loan tng ng vi ch 1,08% tng

lng vn FDI ca i Loan vo ngnh ny so vi khu vc nhm 6 nc N giai
on 2007 2011.
Vit Nam c mong mun thu ht FDI vo ngnh sn xut linh
kin v ph tng in t khi a ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t vo

danh mc c bit u i u t ca D tho Ngh nh sa i Ngh nh
108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph.
2.
Rt ra c 1 s kt lun v thc trng ngnh sn xut linh kin v
ph tng in t Vit Nam nh sau:

-
K vng tng cung linh ph kin trong nc cho cc nh sn xut, lp
rp in t FDI rt c trin vng.

-
Phn ln cc loi linh kin v ph tng in t phc v cho cng
nghip in t u phi nhp khu, dn n b ph thuc vo cc nh cung cp nc

ngoi, hoc nu c c sn xut trong nc th gi tr cng khng cao.
-
Nng sut lao ng ch mc trung bnh v thp, ch yu l lao ng
th cng, tc phong lao ng cn km dn n s yu km v cht lng sn phm,

khng p ng c yu cu ca cc nh u t quc t.
-
c nh gi cao v kh nng, mc tip thu cng ngh mi,
nhng li ang rt thiu cc nh khoa hc u ngnh, cc k s cng ngh, k s
72
nghin cu thit k v pht trin sn phm to ra nhng sn phm mi c gi tr

gia tng cao.
-
Dung lng th trng Vit Nam i vi sn phm linh kin, ph tng
in t nh.
3.
xut gii php ph hp vi thc trng trn v cc mt:
Chnh sch v lut php
Mi trng kinh t
Xc tin u t
Mt s gii php c th khc
73
KT LUN
T mt nn kinh t ht sc ngho nn u nhng nm 50 ca th k XX, ch
sau vi thp k, i Loan khin c th gii phi ng ngng trc sc bt mnh
m ca mnh, cng vi Singapore, Hn Quc v Hng Kng tr thnh 1 trong 4 con
rng chu . Song hnh vi s tng trng kinh t n nh, lng vn trong nc
d tha trong khi gi lao ng qu t, i Loan a ra cc chnh sch khuyn
khch doanh nghip u t ra nc ngoi nhm khc phc nhng hn ch ca mi
trng u t trn o. Bc vo thi k a dng ha quc t ha t nm 1991 n
nay, c bit l sau khi chnh sch hng Nam c ra i nm 1993, i Loan
lin tc tr thnh quc gia c ngun u t FDI ln vo ng Nam , v xu hng
s tip tc u t vo khu vc ny trong thi gian ti. Vit Nam - trong vai tr l
mt quc gia ng Nam - cng khng nm ngoi xu th trn. S liu cho thy,
trong vng 10 nm tr li y, i Loan lin tc ng trong top 5 nhng nh u t
trc tip nc ngoi ln ca Vit Nam. i Loan dng nh c th em li nhng
g m Vit Nam hy vng nhn c t cc i tc u t nc ngoi: vn u t,
cc ngnh sn xut yu cu nhiu nhn lc, k nng qun l trnh kh v thit
lp c mi quan h vi cc th trng bn ngoi.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu ti, nhm nghin cu t c mt s kt
qu nghin cu sau:
-
Th nht, nhm i su vo nghin cu, phn tch chin lc, c
im dng vn u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan trong thi k a dng

ha quc t ha t nm 1991 n nay, t a ra ci nhn tng quan v tnh hnh
u t FDI ca i Loan v d bo v xu hng vn ng ca dng vn ny vo
ng Nam trong tng lai.
-
Th hai, trong qu trnh nghin cu c im v nhng yu t tc
ng n ngun vn FDI ca i Loan, nhm nhn thy mt xu th: ngnh Sn

xut linh kin in t khu vc ng Nam ang nhn c s quan tm ln t cc
nh u t i Loan. Tuy nhin t trng vn vo ngnh ny ca Vit Nam vn cn
thp trong khi y l mt trong nhng ngnh c trin vng pht trin ln v gi v
tr then cht trong nn kinh t hin i, c bit i vi nn kinh t Vit Nam.
74
Cui cng, nhm nghin cu phn tch v xut mt s gii php
thch hp trong tng lai gn c th nh hng v thu ht ngun vn FDI ca

i Loan vo ngnh cng nghip sn xut ph tng linh kin in t ca Vit Nam,
1 ngnh cng nghip thit yu c tm quan trng vi s pht trin ca t nc.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu, do cn nhng hn ch v kin thc chuyn mn
nn ti khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Tuy nhin, nhm nghin cu hi vng
ti cung cp mt ci nhn tng quan v c im, chin lc v xu th pht
trin ngun vn FDI ca i Loan trong giai on a dng ha, quc t ha t nm
1991 n nay, trn c s xut 1 s gii php hp l c th nh hng, thu
ht dng vn ny vo ngnh sn xut linh kin in t ni ring v hng ti p
dng cho nhng ngnh m Vit Nam c nhu cu v tim nng pht trin ni chung
trong nhng ti sau.
75
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Locational and industrial choices of Taiwanese Outward FDI Ming-Wen
Hu Chin-Jung Lin - Department and graduate institute of industrial economics Tamkang university - March 27, 2004
2. EMGP Taiwan Report 2011 Vale Columbia center November 3, 2011
3. Why does so much FDI from Hong Kong and Taiwan go to Mainland China?
Kevin HONGLIN ZHANG - Department of Economics, Illinois State University,
Normal, IL 61790-4200, USA - 21 February 2005
4. Does it matter where you go ? Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Firm
Productivity Ying Luan Chyi, Yi Lee, Eric S.Lin, Shih-Ying Wu - Department
of Economics, National Tsing Hua University May 11, 2011
5. S liu thng k nm 2010 ca VCCI Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip
Vit Nam - http://www.vcci.com.vn/ho-so-thi-truong/dai-loan.htm
6. Thng k s liu u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan n thng 10 hng
nm t 1952 2010 - y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011) www.moeaic.gov.tw
7. Xu th pht trin ca vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan - Hong
Vnh Tu (2007) - S k thut B Kinh t i Loan
http://www.itis.org.tw/index.jsp
8. S liu thng k v s vn v s d n u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i
Loan theo cc ngnh - Cc Thng k B Kinh t i Loan
http://2k3dmz2.moea.gov.tw/gnweb/PublicService/wFrmMain.aspx
9. Quan h u t, thng mi i Loan ASEAN Trn Hong Long, Ths.
Dng Vn Li Vin nghin cu ng Bc
10. Bi vit Tnh hnh u t trc tip nc ngoi 2 thng nm 2012
Website B k hoch v u t Cc u t nc ngoi - http://fia.mpi.gov.vn
11. Tp ch ti chnh:
http://tapchitaichinh.vn/tabid/56/Key/ViewArticleContent/ArticleId/3334/Def
ault.aspx
vi
12. Taiwan Statistical Data Book, R.O.C, 2002

13. Tc ng ca vic gia nhp WTO i vi vic pht trin quan h kinh t
gia Trung Quc v i Loan Din n kinh t Vit Trung
http://www.vinachina.com/vn/home.vcci
14. Chnh sch i ngoi ca i Loan Tp ch Vin nghin cu ng Bc
s 4/2007
15. Investment Commission 2001, Statistics on Approved Overseas Chinese
and Foreign Investment, Taipei: Investment Commission, MOEA - ThS, Phm Th
Xun Mai -Vin Nghin cu ng Bc ,
16. Wang C.N., 2000, The Asian Currency and Fiancial Crisis: Did the Twin
Liberalisation Matter? -The Taiwan Experience. Economic Research Department,
Central Bank of China, Taipei
17.
Chnh sch Hng Nam v quan h u t, thng mi i Loan
ASEAN, Nghin cu Trung Quc (6/2006), tr.74-75 - Dng Vn Li (2006),

18. Vai tr ca i Loan i vi vic pht trin kinh t ca cc thnh vin
ASEAN mi: trng hp ca Vit Nam.- TS, T Minh Tun HV Ngoi giao VN
19. Junichi MORI / Development of Supporting Industries for Vietnams
Industrialization
20. B cng thng Cc cng nghip a phng - http://www.aip.gov.vn
21.
Thc trng v gii php pht trin cng nghip h tr in t Vit Nam -
Th.s Nguyn Th Nhiu Vin nghin cu Thng Mi B Cng thng

22. Tp ch Tiu chun o lng cht lng, s 4, 2/2011, trang 10-11
23. Thng k s liu FDI ca i Loan ra Trung Quc v th gii giai on
1952 2011
-y ban u t B Kinh t i Loan (2011)
vii
PH LC
Ph lc I: Thng k u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan ra th gii giai on 1991 2011 theo khu vc
n v: Nghn USD
Nm
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Trung Quc
174.158
246.992
1.140.365
962.209
1.092.713
1.229.241
1.614.542
1.519.209
1.252.780
2.607.142
2.784.147
6.723.058
7.698.784
6.940.663
6.006.953
7.642.335
9.970.545
10.691.390
7.142.593
14.617.872
14.376.624
Chu
929.819
369.929
663.715
559.471
467.721
661.717
818.743
580.819
836.378
851.065
814.981
530.055
1.063.915
1.275.089
430.673
1.390.621
2.366.606
2.046.998
765.457
1.391.363
1.723.918
Bc M
312.039
193.540
529.084
144.893
248.213
272.379
563.285
601.862
454.222
866.559
1.341.731
582.008
467.402
559.853
317.969
487.794
1.346.380
401.076
1.114.380
506.620
732.150
Chu u
60.490
45.933
255.823
22.289
59.890
21.375
131.235
33.903
82.382
125.432
46.870
154.416
76.724
61.913
299.314
463.800
418.200
137.688
99.541
50.603
39.251
viii
Trung Nam M
346.919
255.556
211.026
843.443
538.892
1.170.574
1.352.663
2.035.084
1.813.488
3.079.462
2.119.170
1.893.566
2.263.869
1.321.527
1.300.259
1.848.764
1.816.576
1.715.159
844.689
784.183
1.048.863
Chu c
2.441
5.426
983
28.048
13.373
18.469
27.900
8.470
41.196
147.591
62.836
192.643
63.249
142.631
85.601
73.728
441.595
152.520
143.899
82.106
122.072
Chu Phi
4.523
16.875
415
18.700
28.789
20.890
0
36.164
41.347
6.953
6.066
17.358
33.429
21.009
13.633
50.719
80.622
13.051
37.588
8.576
30.574
Ph lc II: Thng k FDI ca i Loan vo 6 nc ng Nam giai on 1991 - 2011

n v: Nghn USD
Nm
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Indonesia
160.341
39.930
25.531
20.571
32.067
82.612
55.861
19.541
7.321
33.711
6.124
9.163
12.751
2.445
9.115
8.798
702
2.932
1.517
389
1.145
Malaysia
442.011
155.727
64.542
101.127
67.302
93.534
85.088
19.736
13.700
19.406
45.515
31.956
50.215
35.475
28.195
31.236
65.018
27.806
83.537
370.369
130.205
Philippines
1.315
1.219
6.536
9.600
35.724
74.252
127.022
38.777
29.403
12.971
46.200
82.833
2.374
2.393
14.937
13.483
13.253
2.628
21.833
521
69.174
Thi Lan
86.430
83.293
109.165
57.323
51.210
71.413
57.546
131.186
112.665
49.781
16.287
5.960
48.989
8.663
20.265
81.672
712.116
9.295
14.962
8.677
11.665
ix
Vit Nam
17.139
20.167
158.396
108.378
108.146
100.479
85.414
110.078
34.567
54.046
30.911
55.192
157.369
95.128
93.932
123.736
109.282
639.325
242.774
670.118
457.737
Singapore
12.540
8.790
69.473
100.732
31.649
164.978
230.310
158.176
324.524
219.531
378.300
25.760
26.403
822.229
97.701
806.303
1.194.110
697.626
36.698
32.697
448.592
Ph lc III: u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam nm 2007

n v: Nghn USD
Singapore
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ngnh
Tng
Nng nghip v thy sn
Sn xut
Cng nghip thc phm
Sn xut ung
Cng nghip thuc l
Cng nghip dt
Sn xut trang phc may
9 mc v ph kin
Sn xut da, lng v cc
10 sn phm lin quan
Sn xut sn phm g v
11 tre
Sn xut bt giy, giy v
cc
sn phm giy
12
In n v sao chp bn ghi
Sn xut sn phm du kh
14 v than
13
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippineses
S
d
Gi tr
n
2
13.253
0
0
0
0
0
12.700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S
d n
Gi tr
S d
n
Gi
tr
S
d n
Gi tr
9
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
1.194.110
0
0
279.870
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
702
0
0
702
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
65.018
0
0
9.261
4.529
0
0
0
Thi Lan
Vit Nam
S d
n
Gi tr
S d
n
Gi tr
10
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
712.116
0
250
24.976
0
0
0
0
24
0
1
19
4
0
0
0
109.282
0
273
100.695
4.476
0
0
8.996
175
620
Sn xut ha cht nguyn

15 liu
Sn xut sn phm ha
16 cht
17 Cng nghip dc
18 Sn xut sn phm cao su
Sn xut sn phm nha
19
Sn xut sn phm khong
sn
phi kim loi
20
Sn xut kim loi c bn
22 ch to
23 tng in t
phm
in t v quang hc
24
Sn xut thit b in
25
Sn xut My mc v thit
26 b
Sn xut t v ph tng
27
Sn xut phng tin vn
28 ti khc
Sn xut Ni tht
29
30 Sn xut khc
Sa cha v lp t my
31 mc, thit b cng nghip
Ngnh cng nghip in
32 v cung cp kh t
21
Dch v cp nc v X l
33 nhim
58.450
200
240
0
0
0
0
0
1.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
754
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.635
671
0
0
3
0
0
1.942
1.461
2.015
1.000
2.738
277.916
2.233
2.670
488
745
12.700
12.458
650
8.752
66
1.651
3.590
702
200
2.561
3.909
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
10
xi
34 cng nghip xy dng

35 Bn bun v bn l
Giao thng vn ti
36 v lu tr
Dch v ch v thc
37 phm
38 Thng tin v Truyn thng
39 Ti chnh v Bo him
40 Bt ng sn
Dch v chuyn
nghip, khoa hc, v k
41 thut
42 Dch v h tr
Hnh chnh cng cng,
quc phng, bo m x
43 hi bt buc
44 Dch v Gio dc
Y t v Dch v Cng tc
45 X hi
Ngh thut, gii tr v Gii
46 Tr
47 Dch v khc
48 Ngnh khc
0
0
0
610
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
170
0
1
0
523
1
2
173
27
0
2
240
1.366
0
3
0
0
913.630
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
3.159
51.779
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
678.784
0
0
0
1
0
1.600
5.108
30
30
7.905
618
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
xii
Ph lc IV: u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo ng Nam nm 2008

n v: Nghn USD
STT
Ngnh
1 Tng
Nng nghip
2 v thy sn
Singapore
S d
Gi tr
n
14 697.626
Indonesia
S d
Gi tr
n
1
2.932
Malaysia
S d
Gi tr
n
5
27.806
Philippines
S d
Gi tr
n
1
2.628
Thi Lan
S d
Gi tr
n
5
9.295
Vit Nam
S d
Gi tr
n
31 639.325
393.387
2.460
12.730
2.408
8.456
18
509.091
4.620
609
7.947
Sn xut ung
Cng nghip thuc l
Cng nghip dt
Sn xut trang phc
may
mc v ph kin
9
Sn xut da, lng v
cc sn phm lin quan
387
79.443
8.354
15.300
Cng nghip khai

3 khong
4 Sn xut
Cng nghip thc
phm
5
6
7
8
10
Sn xut sn phm g
v
tre
11
xiii
Sn xut bt giy, giy

v cc sn phm giy
3.000
25.500
700
1.000
2.232
100
500
111
908
630
298.252
70
5.216
390.046
6.300
2.003
12
In n v sao chp bn
ghi
13
Sn xut sn phm du
14 kh v than
Sn xut ha cht
nguyn
liu
15
Sn xut sn phm ha
cht
16
Cng nghip dc
Sn xut sn phm cao
su
18
Sn xut sn phm
nha
19
17
Sn xut sn phm
20
Sn xut kim loi c
bn
21
Sn xut sn phm kim
22 loi ch to
Sn xut linh kin v
ph
tng in t
23
xiv
24
Sn xut my tnh, cc
sn phm in t v
quang hc
Sn xut thit b in
25
Sn xut My mc v
26 thit b
Sn xut t v ph
tng
27
Sn xut phng tin
vn
ti khc
28
Sn xut Ni tht
29
30 Sn xut khc
Sa cha v lp t
my mc, thit b cng
nghip
31
Ngnh cng nghip in
v cung cp kh t
1.221
2.297
100
1.480
810
8.360
70
1.465
21.586
572
25.000
1.188
1.500
836
5.870
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1.000
1.948
3.275
34
3.451
100.730
222
44
220
105
5.281
120.000
250
32
Dch v cp nc v X
33 l nhim
cng nghip xy dng
34
35 Bn bun v bn l
Giao thng vn ti
36 v lu tr
xv
Dch v ch v thc
37 phm
Thng tin v Truyn
38 thng
Ti chnh v Bo him
39
40 Bt ng sn
Dch v chuyn
nghip, khoa hc, v k
thut
41
42 Dch v h tr
Hnh chnh cng cng,
quc
phng, bo m x hi
bt buc
43
44 Dch v Gio dc
Y t v Dch v Cng
45 tc X hi
Ngh thut, gii tr v
46 Gii Tr
47 Dch v khc
48 Ngnh khc
25.533
637
3.420
52.208
116.500
1.582
31
483
64
1
0
10
2.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
xvi
Ph lc V: u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam nm 2009

n v: Nghn USD
STT
Ngnh
1 Tng
2 Nng nghip v thy sn
Cng nghip khai
3 khong
4 Sn xut
Cng nghip thc phm
5
Sn xut ung
6
Cng nghip thuc l
7
Cng nghip dt
8
9 mc v ph kin
Sn xut da, lng v cc
sn
phm lin quan
10
Sn xut sn phm g v
11 tre
Sn xut bt giy, giy
12 v cc sn phm giy
In n v sao chp bn
13 ghi
Sn xut sn phm du
14 kh v than
Singapore
Indonesia
S
S
Gi
Gi tr
d n
d n
tr
6 36.698
3 1.517
0
0
0
0
Malaysia
S d
Gi tr
n
2
83.537
0
0
Philippines
S d
Gi tr
n
3
21.833
0
0
Thi Lan
S d
Gi tr
n
2
14.962
0
0
Vit Nam
S d
Gi tr
n
16 242.774
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
7.347
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
310
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2.420
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21.500
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
12.464
3.412
0
0
0
13.183
125
xvii
12 203.018
2
2.689
0
0
0
0
0 16.258
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sn xut ha cht nguyn

liu
Sn xut sn phm ha
cht
Cng nghip dc
Sn xut sn phm cao su
Sn xut sn phm nha
Sn xut sn phm
Sn xut kim loi c bn
Sn xut sn phm kim
loi ch to
Sn xut linh kin v
ph tng in t
Sn xut my tnh, cc
sn phm in t v quang
hc
Sn xut thit b in
Sn xut My mc v
thit b
Sn xut t v ph
tng
Sn xut phng tin
vn ti khc
Sn xut Ni tht
Sn xut khc
Sa cha v lp t my
mc, thit b cng nghip
Ngnh cng nghip in

32 v cung cp kh t
1.500
1.000
350
0
0
0
0
0
1.000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1.900
2.000
10
300
13.994
21.500
4.347
7.000
400
4.643
56
200
1.052
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
864
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4.320
55
xviii
0 144.900
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Dch v cp nc v X
l nhim
cng nghip xy dng
Bn bun v bn l
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
Dch v ch v thc
phm
Thng tin v Truyn
thng
Ti chnh v Bo him
Bt ng sn
Dch v chuyn
nghip, khoa hc, v k
thut
Dch v h tr
Hnh chnh cng cng,
quc phng, bo m x
hi bt buc
Dch v Gio dc
Y t v Dch v Cng tc
X hi
Ngh thut, gii tr v
Gii Tr
Dch v khc
Ngnh khc
0
4
0
1.200
0
0
0
0
1 1.132
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
201
0
1
0
2.069
2
2
2.004
31.253
251
75
0 18.719
6.000
0
0
9.137
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
66.699
0
0
2
0
132
0
0
159
0
0
0
0
0
44
270
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14.418
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
500
xix
Ph lc VI: u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam nm 2010

n v: Nghn USD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tng
Nng nghip v thy sn
Sn xut
Cng nghip thc phm
Sn xut ung
Cng nghip thuc l
Cng nghip dt
mc v ph kin
Sn xut da, lng v cc
sn phm lin quan
Sn xut sn phm g v
tre
cc sn phm giy
Sn xut sn phm du kh
v than
Sn xut ha cht nguyn
liu
Singapore
S
d
Gi tr
n
8 32.697
0
0
0
0
4 14.729
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Indonesia
S
d n
Malaysia
S
d
Gi tr
n
6
370.369
0
0
0
0
2
2.940
0
1.552
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gi tr
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
389
0
0
389
0
0
0
0
Philippines
S
d Gi tr
n
2
521
0
0
1
200
0
174
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Thi Lan
S
d Gi tr
n
5 8.677
0
0
0
0
2 5.105
0 2.346
0
0
0
0
1
0
Vit Nam
S
d
Gi tr
n
11 670.118
0
0
0
0
7 665.231
1
4.995
0
0
0
0
0
16.700
5.039
20
174
407
153.000
xx
15
16
17

Cng nghip dc
Sn xut sn phm nha
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Sn xut sn phm khong

sn phi kim loi
Sn xut kim loi c bn
ch to
tng in t
phm in t v quang hc
Sn xut thit b in
Sn xut My mc v
thit b
Sn xut t v ph tng
Sn xut phng tin vn
ti khc
Sn xut Ni tht
Sn xut khc
29
30
31
32
33
Sa cha v lp t my
Ngnh cng nghip in
v cung cp kh t
Dch v cp nc v X
l nhim
cng nghip xy dng
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
160
0
0
22
2.900
600
300.100
500
175.659
9.542
219
800
3.590
66
1.533
996
170
2.351
5.000
125
1.000
144
xxi
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Bn bun v bn l
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
Dch v ch v thc
phm
Thng tin v Truyn
thng
Ti chnh v Bo him
Bt ng sn
Dch v chuyn
nghip, khoa hc, v k
thut
Dch v h tr
Hnh chnh cng cng,
quc phng, bo m x
hi bt buc
Dch v Gio dc
Y t v Dch v Cng tc
X hi
Ngh thut, gii tr v
Gii Tr
Dch v khc
Ngnh khc
147
65.030
88
553
3.300
120
2
0
12.306
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
301.835
0
0
1
0
147
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.080
0
563
874
318
3.340
0
1
0
897
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1.260
xxii
Ph lc VII: u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo khu vc ng Nam nm 2011

n v: Nghn USD
Ngnh
Tng
Singapore
S
d
Gi tr
n
Indonesia
S
d n
Gi tr
Malaysia
S
d
Gi tr
n
Philippines
S
d
Gi tr
n
Thi Lan
S
d Gi tr
n
11.66
3
5
12
448.592
1.145
130.205
69.174
Nng nghip v thy sn
Vit Nam
S
d
Gi tr
n
17
457.737
1
2
3
56.395
310
19.508
69.174
9.926
306.280
Sn xut
Cng nghip thc phm
2.979
5.000
Sn xut ung
500
Cng nghip thuc l
Cng nghip dt
6.343

mc v ph kin
1.494
Sn xut da, lng v cc

sn phm lin quan
Sn xut sn phm g v
tre
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
xxiii
11

cc sn phm giy
Sn xut sn phm du kh
v than
Sn xut ha cht nguyn
liu
40.300
174
4.500
200
3.300
Cng nghip dc
2.527
Sn xut sn phm nha
2.766
Sn xut sn phm khong

sn phi kim loi
Sn xut kim loi c bn
5.172
1.934
219.210

ch to
tng in t
phm in t v quang hc
Sn xut thit b in
44.902
11.595
67.000
3.920
16.529
3.025
110
201
Sn xut My mc v
thit b
Sn xut t v ph tng
293
5.218
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
xxiv
27
Sn xut phng tin vn

ti khc
Sn xut Ni tht
2.000
7.288
100
Sn xut khc
3.015
Sa cha v lp t my
Ngnh cng nghip in

v cung cp kh t
Dch v cp nc v X
l nhim
cng nghip xy dng
956
1.001
Bn bun v bn l
67.065
835
291
912
7.871
Giao thng vn ti
v lu tr
Dch v ch v thc
phm
Thng tin v Truyn
thng
Ti chnh v Bo him
3.749
168
8.320
200
1.500
320.000
95.205
132.765
Bt ng sn
428
15.000
659
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Dch v chuyn
nghip, khoa hc, v k
thut
Dch v h tr
41
xxv
42
Hnh chnh cng cng,

quc phng, bo m x
hi bt buc
Dch v Gio dc
Y t v Dch v Cng tc
X hi
Ngh thut, gii tr v
Gii Tr
Dch v khc
Ngnh khc
43
44
45
46
47
xxvi
Ph lc VIII: DANH MC LNH VC U I U T

(Ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP
ngy 22 thng 9 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph)
_________
A. Danh mc lnh vc c bit u i u t

I. Sn xut vt liu mi, nng lng mi; sn xut sn phm cng ngh
cao, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh thng tin; c kh ch to
1. Sn xut vt liu composit, cc loi vt liu xy dng nh, vt liu qu
him.
2. Sn xut thp cao cp, hp kim, kim loi c bit, st xp, phi thp.
3. u t xy dng c s s dng nng lng mt tri, nng lng gi, kh
sinh vt, a nhit, thy triu.
4. Sn xut thit b y t trong cng ngh phn tch v cng ngh chit xut
trong y hc; dng c chnh hnh, xe, dng c chuyn dng cho ngi tn tt.
5. ng dng cng ngh tin tin, cng ngh sinh hc sn xut thuc cha
bnh cho ngi t tiu chun GMP quc t; sn xut nguyn liu thuc khng
sinh.
6. Sn xut my tnh, thit b thng tin, vin thng, internet v sn phm
cng ngh thng tin trng im.
7. Sn xut cht bn dn v cc linh kin in t k thut cao; sn xut sn
phm phn mm, ni dung thng tin s; cung cp cc dch v phn mm, nghin
cu cng ngh thng tin, o to ngun nhn lc cng ngh thng tin.
8. u t sn xut, ch to thit b c kh chnh xc; thit b, my mc kim tra,
kim sot an ton qu trnh sn xut cng nghip; r bt cng nghip.
II. Nui trng, ch bin nng, lm, thy sn; lm mui; sn xut ging
nhn to, ging cy trng v ging vt nui mi
9. Trng, chm sc rng.
10. Nui trng nng, lm, thy sn trn t hoang ho, vng nc cha c
khai thc.
xxvii
11. nh bt hi sn vng bin xa b.

12. Sn xut ging nhn to, ging cy trng, vt nui mi v c hiu qu kinh
t cao.
13. Sn xut, khai thc v tinh ch mui.
III. S dng cng ngh cao, k thut hin i; bo v mi trng sinh
thi; nghin cu, pht trin v m to cng ngh cao
14. ng dng cng ngh cao, cng ngh mi cha c s dng ti Vit
Nam; ng dng cng ngh sinh hc.
15. X l nhim v bo v mi trng; sn xut thit b x l nhim mi
trng, thit b quan trc v phn tch mi trng.
16. Thu gom, x l nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn; ti ch, ti s dng cht
thi.
17. Nghin cu, pht trin v m to cng ngh cao.
IV. S dng nhiu lao ng
18. D n s dng thng xuyn t 5.000 lao ng tr ln.
V. Xy dng v pht trin kt cu h tng v cc d n quan trng
19. u t xy dng, kinh doanh kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, khu ch
xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu kinh t v cc d n quan trng do Th tng Chnh
ph quyt nh.
VI. Pht trin s nghip gio dc, o to, y t, th dc v th thao
20. u t xy dng c s cai nghin ma ty, cai nghin thuc l.
21. u t thnh lp c s thc hin v sinh phng chng dch bnh.
22. u t thnh lp trung tm lo khoa, hot ng cu tr tp trung, chm
sc ngi tn tt, tr m ci.
23. u t xy dng: trung tm o to, hun luyn th thao thnh tch cao v o
to, hun luyn th thao cho ngi tn tt; xy dng c s th thao c thit b, phng
tin luyn tp v thi u p ng yu cu t chc cc gii u quc t.
VII. Nhng lnh vc sn xut v dch v khc
xxviii
24. u t vo nghin cu v pht trin (R&D) chim 25% doanh thu tr

ln.
25. Dch v cu h trn bin.
26. u t xy dng chung c cho cng nhn lm vic ti cc khu cng
nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu kinh t; u t xy dng k tc x
sinh vin v xy dng nh cho cc i tng chnh sch x hi.
B. Danh mc lnh vc u i u t
I. Sn xut vt liu mi, nng lng mi; sn xut sn phm cng ngh
cao, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh thng tin; c kh ch to
1. Sn xut: vt liu cch m, cch in, cch nhit cao; vt liu tng hp
thay th g; vt liu chu la; cht do xy dng; si thu tinh; xi mng c
chng.
2. Sn xut kim loi mu, luyn gang.
3. Sn xut khun mu cho cc sn phm kim loi v phi kim loi.
4. u t xy dng mi nh my in, phn phi in, truyn ti in.
5. Sn xut trang thit b y t, xy dng kho bo qun dc phm, d tr thuc
cha bnh cho ngi phng thin tai, thm ha, dch bnh nguy him.
6. Sn xut thit b kim nghim c cht trong thc phm.
7. Pht trin cng nghip ho du.
8. Sn xut than cc, than hot tnh.
9. Sn xut: thuc bo v thc vt, thuc tr su bnh; thuc phng, cha
bnh cho ng vt, thy sn; thuc th y.
10. Nguyn liu thuc v thuc phng chng cc bnh x hi; vc xin; sinh
phm y t; thuc t dc liu; thuc ng y.
11. u t xy dng c s th nghim sinh hc, nh gi tnh kh dng ca
thuc; c s dc t tiu chun thc hnh tt trong sn xut, bo qun, kim nghim,
th nghim lm sng thuc, nui trng, thu hoch v ch bin dc liu.
xxix
12. Pht trin ngun dc liu v sn xut thuc t dc liu; d n nghin

cu, chng minh c s khoa hc ca bi thuc ng y v xy dng tiu chun
kim nghim bi thuc ng y; kho st, thng k cc loi dc liu lm thuc;
su tm, k tha v ng dng cc bi thuc ng y, tm kim, khai thc s dng
dc liu mi.
13. Sn xut sn phm in t.
14. Sn xut my mc, thit b, cm chi tit trong cc lnh vc: khai thc du
kh, m, nng lng, xi mng; sn xut thit b nng h c ln; sn xut my cng
c gia cng kim loi, thit b luyn kim.
15. u t sn xut kh c in trung, cao th, my pht in c ln.
16. u t sn xut ng c diezen; u t sn xut v sa cha, ng tu
thu; thit b ph tng cho cc tu vn ti, tu nh c; sn xut my, ph tng
ngnh ng lc, thy lc, my p lc.
17. Sn xut: thit b, xe, my xy dng; thit b k thut cho ngnh vn ti;
u my xe la, toa xe.
18. u t sn xut my cng c, my mc, thit b, ph tng, my phc v
cho sn xut nng, lm nghip, my ch bin thc phm, thit b ti tiu.
19. u t sn xut thit b, my cho ngnh dt, ngnh may, ngnh da.
II. Nui trng, ch bin nng, lm, thy sn; lm mui; sn xut ging
nhn to, ging cy trng v ging vt nui mi
20. Trng cy dc liu.
21. u t bo qun nng sn sau thu hoch, bo qun nng, thy sn v thc
phm.
22. Sn xut nc hoa qu ng chai, ng hp.
23. Sn xut, tinh ch thc n gia sc, gia cm, thu sn.
24. Dch v k thut trng cy cng nghip v cy lm nghip, chn nui,
thu sn, bo v cy trng, vt nui.
25. Sn xut, nhn v lai to ging cy trng v vt nui.
xxx
III. S dng cng ngh cao, k thut hin i; bo v mi trng sinh

thi; nghin cu, pht trin v m to cng ngh cao
26. Sn xut thit b ng ph, x l trn du.
27. Sn xut thit b x l cht thi.
28. u t xy dng c s, cng trnh k thut: phng th nghim, trm th
nghim nhm ng dng cng ngh mi vo sn xut; u t thnh lp vin nghin
cu.
IV. S dng nhiu lao ng
29. D n s dng thng xuyn t 500 lao ng n 5.000 lao ng.
V. Xy dng v pht trin kt cu h tng
30. Xy dng kt cu h tng phc v sn xut, kinh doanh ca hp tc x v
phc v i sng cng ng nng thn.
31. u t kinh doanh h tng v u t sn xut trong cm cng nghip,
im cng nghip, cm lng ngh nng thn.
32. Xy dng nh my nc, h thng cp nc phc v sinh hot, phc v
cng nghip, u t xy dng h thng thot nc.
33. Xy dng, ci to cu, ng b, cng hng khng, sn bay, bn cng, nh
ga, bn xe, ni xe; m thm cc tuyn ng st.
34. Xy dng h tng k thut khu dn c tp trung a bn thuc Ph lc
II ban hnh km theo Ngh nh ny.
VI. Pht trin s nghip gio dc, o to, y t, th dc, th thao v vn
ha dn tc
35. u t xy dng c s h tng ca cc c s gio dc, o to; u t
xy dng trng hc, c s gio dc, o to dn lp, t thc cc bc hc: gio
dc mm non, gio dc ph thng, trung hc chuyn nghip, dy ngh, gio dc
i hc.
36. Thnh lp bnh vin dn lp, bnh vin t nhn.
xxxi
37. Xy dng: trung tm th dc, th thao, nh tp luyn, cu lc b th dc

th thao; c s sn xut, ch to, sa cha trang thit b, phng tin tp luyn th
dc th thao.
38. Thnh lp: nh vn ho dn tc; on ca, ma, nhc dn tc; rp ht,
trng quay, c s in trng phim, rp chiu phim; sn xut, ch to, sa cha nhc
c dn tc; duy tu, bo tn bo tng, nh vn ho dn tc v cc trng vn ha
ngh thut.
39. u t xy dng: khu du lch quc gia, khu du lch sinh thi; khu cng
vin vn ha c cc hot ng th thao, vui chi, gii tr.
VII. Pht trin ngnh ngh truyn thng
40. Xy dng v pht trin cc ngnh ngh truyn thng sn xut hng th
cng m ngh, ch bin nng sn thc phm v cc sn phm vn ha.
VIII. Nhng lnh vc sn xut v dch v khc
41. Cung cp dch v kt ni, truy cp v ng dng internet, cc im truy
cp in thoi cng cng ti a bn quy nh ti Ph lc II ban hnh km theo
Ngh nh ny.
42. Pht trin vn ti cng cng bao gm: vn ti bng phng tin tu bin,
my bay; vn ti bng ng st; vn ti hnh khch ng b bng xe t t 24
ch ngi tr ln; vn ti bng phng tin thy ni a ch khch hin i, tc
cao; vn ti bng cng-ten-n.
43. u t di chuyn c s sn xut ra khi ni th.
44. u t xy dng ch loi I, khu trin lm.
45. Sn xut chi tr em.
46. Hot ng huy ng vn, cho vay vn ca Qu tn dng nhn dn.
47. T vn php lut, dch v t vn v s hu tr tu v chuyn giao cng
ngh.
48. Sn xut cc loi nguyn liu thuc tr su bnh.
49. Sn xut ho cht c bn, ho cht tinh khit, ho cht chuyn dng,
thuc nhum.
xxxii
50. Sn xut nguyn liu cht ty ra, ph gia cho ngnh ho cht.
51. Sn xut giy, ba, vn nhn to trc tip t ngun nguyn liu nng, lm
sn trong nc; sn xut bt giy.
52. Dt vi, hon thin cc sn phm dt; sn xut t, si cc loi; thuc, s
ch da.
53. D n u t sn xut trong cc khu cng nghip do Th tng Chnh

ph quyt nh thnh lp.
xxxiii

(YRC) Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của Đài Loan và đề xuất giải pháp thu hút dòng vốn này vào Việt Nam

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(YRC) Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của Đài Loan và đề xuất giải pháp thu hút dòng vốn này vào Việt Nam

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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

Cng trnh tham d Cuc thi

Nhm ngnh: KD3

H Ni, thng 4 nm 2012

Khi nim u t trc tip nc ngoi ............................................................ 5

c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi ...................................................... 6

Khung php l v u t trc tip nc ngoi ................................................ 8

Cc yu t ca mi trng kinh t ................................................................. 10

Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti tng trng kinh t 12

Gp phn ci thin vn cho pht trin kinh t x hi ........................... 12

ng gp vo ngun thu ngn sch ........................................................ 13

Gp phn nng cao nng lc cng ngh cho nc ch nh v nng lc

cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip trong nc ................................................................. 13

Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti chuyn dch c cu

kinh t.. .................................................................................................... 14

Thay i c cu kinh t vi t trng cng nghip v dch v tng ln 14

Thc hin cng nghip ha nng thn ................................................... 14

Vai tr ca ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ti phc li x hi ....... 15

Tc ng ti vic lm v cht lng ngun lao ng............................ 15

Nng cao mc sng, mc thu nhp ca ngi dn ............................... 15

Nng cao c s h tng cho x hi .......................................................... 16

Giai on 1991 2000 .................................................................................... 19

Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ......................... 19

C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan ................ 21

Giai on 2001 n nay .................................................................................. 30

Quy m u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan ......................... 30

C cu u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan ................ 33

D on xu hng u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan...................... 54

C hi thu ht u t FDI vo ngnh sn xut linh kin v ph tng in t

Sn xut linh kin, ph tng in t trong nc vn ang b hn ch v s

lng v cht lng ............................................................................................................... 62

Kh nng p ng nhu cu trong nc cn thp dn n nhp siu linh

kin v ph tng in t......................................................................................................... 63

ng dng cng ngh mi v i mi cng ngh ca cc doanh nghip sn

Quy m cu ni a i vi sn phm linh kin, ph tng in t ca Vit

Gii php thu ht vn FDI t i Loan vo lnh vc sn phm linh kin,

ph tng in t ti Vit Nam ................................................................................................. 65

Nhm gii php ci thin mi trng kinh t ............................................... 67

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................ vi

Biu 17. So snh gi tr vn FDI ng k ca i Loan vo Vit Nam vi nhm

quc t nh hin nay, vic thu ht vn u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) ng mt

Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu

u t trc tip ra nc ngoi (FDI) ca i Loan nh ti The Impact of Inward

Phn tch c chin lc, xu hng, c im dng vn u t trc

tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan, trong ch trng vo dng vn hng ti ng

nh gi, phn tch thc trng ngun vn u t trc tip nc ngoi

(FDI) ca i Loan vo Vit Nam, lm r s tng ng v khc bit gia dng

xut nhng gii php gip Vit Nam chun b cc iu kin cn

thit v ph hp thu ht ngun vn FDI hiu qu t i Loan.

Ni dung chin lc, xu hng vn ng ca dng vn u t trc tip

Dng vn u t trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam.

V mt a l: tp trung vo Vit Nam vi t cch l a bn thu ht

FDI trong tng quan vi cc quc gia ng Nam khc;

Ch trng thi k a dng ha quc t ha ti i Loan l giai on

Phng php nghin cu

Xc nh c c im, xu hng vn ng v trin vng ca ngun

vn u t trc tip ra nc ngoi ca i Loan trong giai on ti;

Ch ra nhng yu t tc ng n ngun vn u t trc tip nc

ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam;

a ra c 1 s gii php nhm thu ht hiu qu ngun vn u t

trc tip nc ngoi ca i Loan vo Vit Nam.

Khi nim v c im ca u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)

Khi nim u t trc tip nc ngoi

u t l vic s dng vn vo mt hot ng nht nh nhm thu li nhun

Thnh lp hoc m rng mt doanh nghip hoc mt chi nhnh thuc