You are on page 1of 21

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

TRNG TRUNG HC BCVT & CNTT I

Bo co thc tp

Ti c s sn xut

Ni thc tp : H v tn Lp Kha

Vin thng Th-ng Tn - H Ni

: Nguyn Th Hng : 10 tvt5

: 2010-1012

Li m u

Cch y trn 65 nm, trc din bin ca tnh hnh trong nc v th gii, trc thi c lch s ca cch mng nc ta, trong 2 ngy 14- 15/8/1945, Hi ngh ton quc ng Cng sn ng Dng hp ti Tn Tro (Tuyn Quang) v thng qua nhiu Ngh quyt quan trng lin quan n tng khi ngha ginh chnh quyn, trong c Ngh quyt v cng tc giao thng lin lc. Ngy 15/8/1945 i vo lch s pht trin v tr thnh ngy truyn thng ca ngnh Bu in. Thc hin li dy ca Bc H: Vic lin lc l mt vic quan trng bc nht trong cng tc cch mng, v chnh n quyt nh s thng nht ch huy, s phn phi lc lng v do m bo thng li, 65 nm qua, ngnh Bu in Vit Nam nu cao ch kin cng, khc phc kh khn, mu tr sng to, quyt tm m bo thng tin lin lc trong mi tnh hung, gi vng mch mu thng tin ca ng v chnh quyn, gp phn xng ng vo thng li v i ca cch mng gii phng dn tc, bo v v xy dng T quc Vit Nam XHCN. Ngy nay mng Vin thng Vit Nam ang pht trin, m rng v mng li v dn hin i ha ha nhp cng s pht trin ca Vin thng th gii. Hin nay mng p ng c hu ht nhu cu thng tin lin lc ca ngi dn tuy mng phi ngy mt nng cp v thit b truyn dn, thit b chuyn mch p ng c nhu cu truy nhp trong tng lai. Chuyn mch l to ra ng kt ni gia hai hay nhiu im thc hin trao i thng tin gia chng. Vic a cc tng i hin i vo mng l mt vn ct yu nng cp mng li p ng nhu cu ca x hi. Trong mng Vin thng Vit Nam hin nay s dng rt nhiu loi tng i ca cc hng khc nhau nh tng i A1000 E10 do Alcatel CIT ca Php sn xut, tng i STAREX_VK do LGIC v VNPT sn xut, hay tng i NEAX61 do hng NEC Nht bn sn xut. Truyn dn c vai tr quyt nh trong vic m bo vic truyn d liu thng sut. Hin nay c 5 phng thc truyn dn chnh l cp ng, cp ng trc, cp quang, vi ba v v tinh. Trong 5 phng thc ny c 2 phng thc c kh nng truyn dn ln nht v c th p ng c nhu cu trong tng lai l cp quang v v tinh. Do nhng nhc im ca vi ba m ngy nay cng ngh ny ang khng cn l phng thc truyn dn chnh m ch d phng.

Trong thi gian thc tp 4 tun ti Vin thng Thng Tn H Ni em c tm hiu h thng chuyn mch ALCATEL 1000 E10, h thng truyn dn quang FLX 150/600. Mc d cn nhiu hn ch v kin thc chuyn mn cng nh thc tin sn xut nhng nh s gip , to iu kin ca ban lnh o v cc bc, cc anh, ch ti c s nn em c th lm c nhng cng vic ca ngi cng nhn. y l ln u tin em tham gia tm hiu v thc t sn xut nn khng th trnh c nhng thiu st nhng vi nhng g c hc v tm hiu em s gp phn xy dng vo s pht trin ca ngnh, ca t nc.

Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Qu trnh thc tp

I.

cu trc mng vin thng th-ng tn h ni. Mng truyn dn ca vin thng Thng Tn H Ni ch yu s dng cng ngh truyn dn SDH vi trn 300km cp quang v cc thit b s dng cng ngh truyn dn SDH (h ca FLX ca hng FUJITSU Nht Bn). Mng vin thng Thng Tn H Ni hin ti c cc tuyn trm sau: Tuyn trm Ta Tuyn trm Thng Tn Tuyn trm Tin Phong Vin thng Thng Tn s dng tng i in t ALCATEL 1000 E10 cho mng PSTN. Mng xDSL ca vin thng Thng Tn s dng thit b ca hng HUAWEI-Trung Quc vi 1 trm HUB v 3 trm remote c lp t chung trm vi nt chuyn mch. Tng s cng l..... Mng cp quang ca Vin thng Thng Tn s dng mng vng Ring. Mng ny c cc u, nhc im sau: u im: Nhc im:

II.

H thng chuyn mch. 1. Gii thiu chung v tng i ALCATEL 1000 E10. Tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 vit tt l A1000 E10 l h thng chuyn mchhon ton s ho, iu khin theo chng trnh lu tr SPC.Vi tnh nng a ng dng, A1000 E10 c th m ng chc nng ca mt tng i hon chnh, t tng i thu bao dung lng nh ti tng i chuyn tip hay cng quc t dung lng ln. Dung lng ca ma trn chuyn mch ch vi 2048 LR( Matrix Link), cho php:

Kh nng x l ca h thng theo khuyn ngh ca ITU (Internatinonal Telecommunication union), cho ti trn knh B (Q543) l 1000000 BHCA(Busyhour attempt). Thng lng 25 000 Erlangs. Kt ni ti 200 000 thu bao c nh. Kt ni ti 60 000 trung k. Alcatel 1000 E10 l mt h thng c cu trc m vi phn mm v phn cng c lp, cc khi chc nng c phn bit r rng nh cc giao din chun nh m cc phn ring bit ca h thng c th d dng c pht trin v m rng chc nng. iu cng c ngha l A1000 E10 c c kh nng tt chng lc hu. A 1000 E10 l mt h thng tin cy do cc khi c phn chia v vt l, cc thit k hon chnh c kim tra v phn mm c chng minh vi kh nng ngn chn ly lan li. N c th thch ng c vi nhng vng a d khc nhau, t ni tha tht dn c n cc thnh ph ng dn, trong nhng iu kin kh hu khc nhau. u im ca n trong vic bo dng l c th bo dng ti ch ngay ti tng i hay tp trung cho mt nhm vi tng i hoc c th va bo dng ti ch va bo dng tp trung trong cng mt thi im. A1000 E10 c th cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v vin thng khc nhau p ng yu cu vin thng hin ti v tng lai nh in thoi, dch v trong ISDN ( integrated Service Digital Network), dch v trong IN(Intelligent network) v cc dch v khc. N c th cung cp v qun l c mi loi h thng bo hiu trong mng. Ngoi ra, h thng cn s dng h thng t iu chnh trnh s c khi qu ti. K thut ny c phn b ti tng mc ca h thng da vo s o c s lng cc cuc gi c nhu cu v s lng cc cuc gi c x l. Mng ton cu ca Alcatel gm mng thoi ISDN, cc mng s liu v mng b sung gi tr (c bit trong mng b sung gi tr l mng

x l vn bn v Videotext), cc mng thng minh, cc h thng thng tin di ng, cc mng iu hnh v bo dng v cui cng l mng B -ISDN s dng k thut truyn dn khng ng b ATM(Asitchronous transfer mode). 2. Cu trc chc nng tng i E 1000 A10 Tng i A1000 E10 c c linh hot cao trong x l vi tt c cc cu hnh dung ln tng i A1000 E10 c lp t trung tm mng vin thng c lin quan, n gm 3 phn h: Phn h truy nhp thu bao. Phn h u ni v iu khin. Phn h vn hnh, khai thc v bo dng Phn h truy nhp thu bao vi nhim v u ni v giao tip cc ng dy thu bao s v tng t . Phn h u ni v iu khin, c nhim v x l cc cuc gi v thit lp cc kt ni. Phn h vn hnh, khai thc v bo dng, c cc chc nng vn hnh v bo dng h thng. Mi phn h c phn mm ring ph hp vi cc chc nng ca n. Cc phn h giao tip vi nhau qua cc chun kt ni. Bng nguyn tc phn phi chc nng gia cc module trong mi phn h do vy A1000 E10 c cc u im sau: Tit kim u t cho lp t ban u. Pht trin dn kh nng kt ni ng dy v kh nng x l. Ti u an ton cho c h thng. D dng nng cp, pht trin k thut cho mt phn ring hay mt s phn ca h thng. Kiu pht trin ny cho php s dng c cc thnh tu mi cng nh phong ph trong la chn thit b .

Mng bo hiu s 7 ca CCITT

Mng in thoi

Phn h truy nhp thu bao NT


DKU

u ni v iu khin

Mng s liu Mng gi tr gia tng

MTU

Vn hnh v bo d-ng

Mng vn hnh v bo d-ng

PABX

ALCATEL A1000 E10 Cu trc tng quan tng i ALCATEL A1000 E10

Hnh 1: cu trc tng quan tng i ALCATEL A1000 E10

a . Phn h truy nhp thu bao. L mt phn ca h thng A1000 E10, n khng thuc OCB 283 m OCB -283 bao gm hai phn h cn li. Trong chng ny ta s nghin cu v OCB -283. Cu trc chc nng ca OCB283 c xy dng t cc trm a x l.

Phn h truy nhp thu bao CSNL

LR

SMX
CSND (CSED) Trung k & thit b thng bo URM LR COM ETA LR

BT

PU/PE

Mch vng thng tin

TM N

OM

MQ

GX

MR

TX

TR

PC

Cnh bo PGS Cu trc, chc nng ca tng i ALCATEL A1000 E10

Hnh 2: cu trc, chc nng tng i ALCATEL A1000 E10. b. Phn h u ni iu khin. Khi c s thi gian BT (Time Base). Khi BT thc hin chc nng to, phn phi thi gian, ng b cho cc ng LR & PCM v cho cc thit b nm ngoi tng i. BT c cu trc bi 3 tc l c b to sng vi chnh xc 10-6, ng b BT c th ly dng h ngoi hay s dng chnh ng h bn trong ca n. Ma trn chuyn mch chnh MCX (Host switching matrix).

L ma trn vung vi 1 tng chuyn mch thi gian, c cu trc hon ton kp cho php u ni ti 2048 LR (LR l ng ma trn hay ng mng l ng PCM ni b vi mt khung tn hiu gm 32 knh, 16bit/knh). MCX c th thc hin cc kiu u ni sau: u ni n hng gia bt k mt knh vo no vi bt k mt knh ra no. C th thc hin u ni vi s lng cuc ni bng s lng knh ra. u ni gia bt k mt knh vo no vi M knh ra. u ni N knh vo bt k N knh ra no c cu trc khung. u ni ny cn c gi l u ni N x 64Kbps. MCX do COM iu khin, COM c nhim v: Thit lp v gii phng u ni, s dng phng php iu khin u ra. Phng v u ni, bo an u ni m bo chuyn mch s liu chnh xc. Khi iu khin trung k PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) URM (phn mm qun tr u ni trung k) cung cp chc nng giao tip gia OCB-283 vi PCM bn ngoi. Cc PCM ny c th n t: Tng i v tinh CSND (n v truy nhp thu bao xa) v t b tp trung thu bao xa CSED. Tng i khc s dng bo hiu knh lin kt CAS (bo hiu knh ring) hay bo hiu knh chung s 7 (CCS7). T thit b thng bo s ghi sn ca ALCATEL. Ngoi ra URM cn thc hin cc chc nng sau:

Bin i m nh phn thnh m HDB-3 (High Density Bibolar Code) (hng t PCM -> LR) v ngc li t HDB3 thnh m nh phn (hng t LR -> PCM). Bin i 8bit trn PCM thnh 16bit trn LR. Tch v x l cc tn hiu bo hiu ng trong TS (khe thi gian) 16 (hng t PCM -> OCB-283) Chn bo hiu ng v TS 16 (hng t OCB-283 -> PCM). Khi qun tr thit b ph tr ETA (server circuit manager ML). ETA c cc chc nng sau: To m bo (tone): GT. Thu pht tn hiu da tn: RGE. Thoi hi ngh: CCF. Cung cp ng h cho tng i.

LR

E T A

GT
LR

RGF
LR

CCF CLOCK
Chc nng khi ETA Thi gian

Hnh 3: chc nng khi ETA.

Qun l mng bo hiu s 7 (PC) v qun l giao thc bo hiu s 7 (PUPE).

PC thc hin cc chc nng qun tr mng bo hiu s 7, bao gm: Qun tr mng bo hiu (mt phn mc 3). Phng v PUPE. Cc chc nng gim st khc. PUPE thc hin cc chc nng x l giao thc bo hiu s 7 nh sau: X l mc 2 (mc lin kt s liu bo hiu). nh tuyn bn tin (mt phn mc 3). X l cuc gi MR (Call handler ML). Khi x l cuc gi MR cho php thit lp v hy b kt ni cho cc cuc gi, cung cp cc phng tin khc. MR s tham kho c s d liu ca TR (c s d liu) a ra quyt nh x l cuc gi theo danh mc tn hiu bo hiu nhn c nh x l cc cuc gi mi, gii phng thit b, iu khin chuyn mch,... Ngoi ra MR cn thc hin cc chc nng qun tr khc nh iu khin kim tra trung k, quan trc t xut.
0

MLMR/M0

512 0 512 0 512 0 512

MLMR/M1 MLMR/E MLMR/M2

MLMR/M3 Cu trc phn mn a thnh phn MR

Hnh 4: cu trc phn mm a thnh phn MR.

MR c cu trc a thnh phn, gm phn trao i (MLMR/E) v 1 n 4 Macro (MLMR/M), 1 Macro gm 512 thanh ghi, trong cc thanh ghi u v cui ca mi Macro khng c s dng cho tn hiu gi m dng quan trc, o kim. Mi cuc gi s chim 1 thanh ghi trong mt Macro no . Khi c hai hay nhiu hn MR cng lm vic th chng s lm vic ch chia ti ng. C s d liu TR (subcriber and analyis database). TR c chc nng qun l v phn tch c s d liu v cc nhm mch trung k v thu bao. TR cung cp cho MR cc c tnh ca thu bao v trung k theo yu cu ca MR thit lp v gii phng cc kt ni cho cc cuc gi. TR cng m bo s thch nghi gia cc s liu v a ch nhm trung k hay thu bao. TR c chia lm hai vng: Vng dnh cho thu bao trong c cc file c lin qua n con s thu bao, con s thit b, cc dch v nu c... Vng dnh cho trung k trong c cc file v knh trung k, nhm trong k, h thng bo hiu c lin quan... Khi o lng v tnh cc TX (call charging and traffic measurement ML). Chc nng ca khi ny l tnh cc cho cc cuc gi c k hiu l MLTX (phn mm o ng lu thoi v tnh cc cuc gi). N cng c chc nng: Tnh s liu cc cho mi cuc gi. Lu tr s liu cc ca cc thu bao c trung tm chuyn mch phc v. Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit OM lp ha n chi tit.

MLTX/M0

2047 0 2047 0 2047 0 2047

MLTX/E

MLTX/M1

MLTX/M2

MLTX/M3 Cu trc phn mn a thnh phn TX

Hnh 5: cu trc phn mm a thnh phn TX. Khi tnh cc TX cng c cu trc a thnh phn nh MR vi TX/E v TX/M. TX/M gm 4 Macro, mi Macro c 2048 thanh ghi. Mi thanh ghi trong Macro s phc v gim st cho mt cuc gi. Ngoi ra, TX cn thc hin quan trc thu bao v trung k. Hai ML TX s l vic trong ch chia ti ng. Khi qun tr kt ni GX (Matrix system handler). GX c chc nng phng v v x l cc u ni khi nhn c: Cc yu cu u ni v ngt u ni t MR hoc MQ. Cc li u ni c chuyn t cc COM. GX gim st cc tuyn nht nh ca phn h u ni v iu khin theo nh k hoc theo yu cu u ni. Khi phn phi bn tin MQ (Message distribution). MQ c chc nng nh dng v phn phi mt s bn tin ni b nht nh. Ngoi ra, MQ cn thc hin: Gim st cc kt ni bn c nh: ng s liu. X l v chuyn cc bn tin t ETA v GX.

Cc trm tr gip MQ hot ng nh cng giao tip cho cc bn tin vi mch vng thng tin. Mch vng thng tin MIS, MAS (Inter - station multiplex Main control station acces multiplex). H thng thng tin di dng mch vong vi s lng t 1 n 5 vng c s dng chuyn cc bn tin t trm ny sang trm khc trong h thng OCB-283, vi giao thc thng tin ph hp vi chun IEE 802.5. Mch vng thng tin y c hai loi m v nguyn l ging ht nhau: Mch vng lin trm (MIS): Trao i cc bn tin gia cc SMC (trm iu khin chnh). Hoc gia cc SMC vi SMM (trm bo dng). Mch vng truy nhp trm iu khin chnh (MAS): Trao i cc bn tin gia SMC v SMA, SMT v SMX. c. Chc nng vn hnh v bo dng OM Cc chc nng ca phn h vn hnh v bo dng do phn mm OM thc hin. Operator c th truy nhp tt c cc phn mm v phn cng thng qua cc my tnh ca phn h OM nh: bn iu khin, mi trng t tnh, thit b u cui thng minh. Cc chc nng OM c chia lm hai loi: ng dng in thoi. ng dng h thng. Ngoi ra, OM cn thc hin: Np phn mm v s liu cho cc khi kt ni, cc khi iu khin v cho cc khi truy nhp thu bao. Cp nht v lu tr thng tin v ho n chi tit.

Tp trung cc s liu cnh bo t cc trm u ni v iu khin thng qua mch vng cnh bo MAL. Phng v tp trung ca h thng. OM cho php thng tin hai chiu vi mng vn hnh v bo dng ti mc vng v mc quc gia TMN. 3. Nguyn tc u ni t MDF n thu bao. Cc u thng qua trng chuyn mch ca tng i v tinh c a ti phin RE c nh s tng ng vi cc ngn. Mi card ca tng i s dng c 128 thu bao, nh vy mi card s c 128 ng thu bao c a ti phin RE, sau c u chuyn sang gi MDF. T MDF s a sang tuyn cp chnh, n t cp, hp cp ri n thu bao. TC 300 x 2, TC 200 x 2, TC 100 x 2, TC 50 x 2, HC 30 x 2, HC 20x2, HC 10 x 2.
Tng i trung tm
Gi u nhy dy

TC

HC TB

TC Thit b truyn dn HC

HC

TB

TB Tng i v tinh HC Phin ngang Phin dc

TB

Hnh 6: S u ni t PDF n thu bao.

ng dn t tng i trung tm ti tng i v tinh s dng tuyn cp quang cn gia v tinh vi thu bao s dng tuyn cp ng. Hin nay Vin thng Thng Tn ang s dng cc b tp trung thu bao xa. Cc b tp trung s c ni vi tng i v tinh bng ng cp quang. Cc t cp v hp cp c Vin thng Thng Tn s dng vi cc dung lng khc nhau nh: III. H THNG THNG TIN QUANG CA VIN THNG TH-ng tn h ni 1. Khi qut chung Hin nay mng truyn dn quang ca Vin thng Thng Tn c thit k theo kiu vng Ring nhm tng kh nng bo v do cc thit b SDH chnh l cc thit b xen r ADM. Trn mng hin nay c 4 tuyn trm truyn dn SDH s dng thit b FLX 150/600 trong dung lng mi trm t .......s lung trang b cho mi trm ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng. 2. Quy trnh khai thc. Sau khi lp t song thit b, kim tra ln cui chun b a my vo hot ng, ch khi xc nh rng vic lp t u ni l ng, mi c cp ngun cho thit b. Cc bc tin hnh. - Cp ngun cho thit b: bt cng tc ngun v ON ch vi pht cho thit b chy n nh. - Ci t phn mm qun l FLEXR: s dng my tnh pc ci t cho b a ca phn mm ny gm: 4 a 1,44Mb, cho 1 a vo A chy Dos chuyn t C sang A v g setup. - Cc thit lp ban u cho FLEXR trc khi truy nhp vo FLEXR nn thit lp cc ty chn ca phn mm, cc ty chn ny c ghi li v khng phi truy nhp na.

- Khai bo lung xen r u ni cho, ng b, tn trm, thi gian thc, th tc khai bo nghip v. - Thc hin chc nng bo dng. IV. Mng cp truy nhp. Mng truy nhp c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong mng vin thng v l phn t quyt nh trong mng th h sau NGN. Mng cp tuy nhp trc tip kt ni vi khch hng l con ng duy nht cung cp cc dch v tch hp nh thoi v d liu. Cht lng v hiu nng ca mng truy nhp cng nh mch vng thu bao s nh hng trc tip n kh nng cung cp dch v ca ton b mng vin thng . Mng truy nhp nm gia tng i ni ht v thit b u cui ca khch hng thc hin chc nng truyn dn tn hiu. Tt c cc dch v c th s dng c xc nh bi tng i ni ht. Mng ngoi vi ca i Vin thng Thng Tn c chia lm 4 khu vc l Th trn Thng Tn, Ta, Tin Phong v .... Mi khu vc c t 1 h thng chuyn mch. Mng ngoi vi Tin Phong. - Tng s i cp hin nay c trn mng l 1350 i ang s dng 850 i. - S km chiu di 33.559km. - Tng s hp cp 33 t. - S t cp 25 t. - Tng s chiu di ng ct 6.100km. Mng ngoi vi Ta. Tng s chiu di ng cng 4.461km . Tng chiu di ng ct 32.600m. S b cp 118 ci . Tng s hp cp trn mng 144 hp 104 t.

Mng ngoi vi th trn Thng Tn. V. Tng s km chiu di i cp 200.139km . Tng s chiu di ng cng 5.729km. Tng s km ng ct 29.590km. Tng s t cp 92 hp 163.

cc loi hnh cung cp dch v bng rng. 1. Cng ngh xDSL Hin nay ton huyn lm thao c khong 25 DSLAM vi dung lng 300 thu bao MegaVnn. Cc DSLAM ny do nhiu hng sn xut SIEMENS, HUAWEI vi nhiu kiu cng ngh ATM, IP 4 tham s, IP 7 tham s. n nm 2010 cung cp dch v ADSL ti cc trung tm huyn, cc bu cc trn a bn. Tuy nhin cn nhiu khu vc trong tnh c nhu cu dch v ADSL nhng cha kp thi c u t thit b bn cnh cha p ng c nhu cu SHDSL cho dch v VPN. Ngoi ra do mng ngoi vi xy dng lu, t cp ko cn m bo cht lng dch v. Mng truyn dn ni tnh cha p ng c nhu cu truyn dn ca h thng cung cp dch v XDSL i hi phi c u t h thng truyn dn mi c nng cp v c nng lc hn. 2. Cng ngh IPTV Cng ngh IPTV ang gi phn quan trng v hiu qu cao trong m hnh truyn hnh thu ph. Khi mi bt u IPTV c gi l truyn hnh giao thc Internet hay Telco TV hoc truyn hnh bng rng. Cng ngh ny ni n vic phn phi truyn hnh bng rng cht lng cao hoc ni dung m thanh hnh nh theo yu cu trn mng bng rng . t gc nhn ca ngi s dng th IPTV ch s dng nh 1 dch v chun tr tin. t gc nhn ca nh cung cp th IPTV bao gm vic thu nhn x l v phn phi chnh xc ni dung truyn hnh ti thu bao thng qua mt h tng mng s dng IP.

s dng dch v MyTV(IPTV) mng vin thng Thng Tn chuyn sang mng MAN-E ca VNPT bao gm cc thit b BRAS (kt cui dch v internet) PE AGG (thit b MAN CORE) UPE (thit b MAN ACCESS) thit b mng truy nhp s u ni (IP DSLAM, MSAN, SWITCH lp 2,) s u ni UPE ca mng MAN- E theo s hnh sao, chui,vng (ring) . Nhng m bo cht lng dch v v n gin cho vic qun l cu hnh thit b, s u ni thit b mng truy nhp theo kiu vng s khng c s dng. Cn c vo s la chn ca ngi tiu dng IPTV cung cp rt nhiu loi hnh dch v, s dng hp kt cui tivi ch nhn ngi trc my n phm iu khin c th xem cc tit mc video ang hot ng, thc hin m thoi IP c hnh, nghe nhc,tra tm tin tc du lch trn mng, gi v nhn Email, thc hin mua sm gia nh, giao dch tri phiu. nh IP cht lng i sng gia nh c ci thin nng cao rt nhiu. 3. Cng ngh FTTx . FTTx l mt thut ng chung cho bt k kin trc bng rng s dng cp quang thay th tt c hay mt phn cp kim loi thng thng dng trong mch vng chng cui ca mng vin thng . Tt c bt u FTT nhng kt thc bng k t khc nhau c thay th bng x mang tnh cht tng qut. Cc m hnh c s dng rng ri hin nay : FTTH (Fiber To The Home ) si quang c dn ti gianh gii sng nh mt hp cp quang c t trn tng bn ngoi ca mt ngi nh . FTTB (Fiber To The Building ) si quang c dn ti chn ca mt ta nh cao tng, t thng qua phng tin chuyn i u ni ti tng ngi s dng ring bit.

FTTC (Fiber To The Curb ) si quang dn ti t cp t trn l ng cch khu vc khch hng gn 300m, t s dng cp ng u ni ti ngi dng. FTTN (Fiber To The Node ) si quang c dn ti node n cng tng t nh FTTC nhng khong cch t node n khu vc khch hng th xa hn vi km. FTTH hin nay ang c s dng rng ri

Li kt
Trong xu th pht trin chung ca ton th gii th vin thng Vit Nam chng t c sc mnh v kh nng ca mnh trong vic p dng v lm ch nhng thnh qu cng ngh ca th gii. Vi nhng ch trng i tt n u trong cng vic tip nhn v trin khai u t cc thit b vin thng vi cng ngh tin tin. Trong khong hn mi nm tr v y ngnh bu in c nhng bc tin ngoi mc trong cng vic nng cp cc trang thit b, tn dng ti a kh nng cung cp ca mng li, nng cao cht lng loi hnh dch v. Trong thi gian thc tp 4 tun va qua em tip cn c vi nhng thc t hot ng ca mng Vin thng huyn Thng Tn, t cng c thm kin thc c vo hc trong thc t. Trong sut qu trnh hc tp em lun chp hnh tt mi ni quy, quy nh ca ngnh cng nh c quan ra vi thi nghim tc tinh thn trch nhim cao v lun c tinh thn hc hi, tip thu cc kin thc mi, cng ngh mi t cc anh ch i trc, t sch bo, internet nhm nng cao nng lc trnh nghip v chuyn mn ca bn thn p ng tt yu cu cng vic. Kt thc qu trnh thc tp cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca cc c, cc ch cc anh ch ti i em nm c tng quan v h thng vin thng ca trung tm vin thng Thng Tn cng nh cc thit b hin c trong i. Em cng c lm quen vi cng vic trc ca, vn dng kin thc hc vo trong qu trnh thc tp. Do cha c nhiu kinh nhim v kin thc vn cn hn ch nn trong qu trnh vit bo co chc chn vn cn nhiu thiu st. Em rt mong cc thy c gio gp bn bo co cn c hon thin hn. Em thy mnh cn phi c gng phn u hn nhiu hn na t hon chnh mnh nng cao trnh v hn ht t kt qu cao trong k thi tt nghip sp ti. Em xin chn thnh cm n!

You might also like