NGHIN CU CHIT XUT V XC NH TC DNG KHNG OXY HO CA POLYPHENOL T L CH XANH VIT NAM

Mai Tuyn,V Bch Lan, Ng i Quang Summary The extraction ofpolyphenolsfrom Vietnam green tea has ben studied. It was demonstrated that the extraction yiels of polyphenol using mixed solvent consisting of water and ethanol with volume ratio of 50/50 may reach the range of 7-8% in comparison with dried green tea mass. Antioxidative activity of green tea polyphenols toward vegetable oil is considerably higher than that of ascobic acid or tocopherol. Ch xanh c tn khoa hc l Camellia sinensis. l loi ung quen thuc Vit nam v nhiu nc chu t hng ngn nm. V sau , nc ch cng l thc ung ph bin cc nc khc trn khp th gii. S thch dng i vi nc ch ni ln s cng nhn tc dng ca n i vi sc kho con ngi. Trong nhng nm gn y, nh p dng cc phng php nghin cu khoa hc hin i, tm thy tc dng sinh hc ca nc chit l ch ch yu ! do cc polyphenol, trong , quan trng l cc dn xut ca catechin [1], c cng thc nh sau:

trong , khi R1 =R2 = H ta c epicatechin (EC); khi R1 =OH, R2 = H ta c epigallocatechin (EGC). Khi R2 l gc gallat:

V, nu R1 = H ta c epicatechingallat (ECG), cn khi R1 =OH ta c epigallocatechin gallat (EGCG). Chnh cc polyphenol trn l tanin trong l ch [2,3,4]. Tc dng sinh hc ca cc polyphenol ch hay ca dch chit l ch xanh c gii thch l do chng c tc dng kh cc gc t do, ging nh tc dng ca cc cht antioxidant [5,6]. Cc gc t do c sinh ra v tch lu trong qu trnh sng, chnh l nguyn nhn dn n bnh tt v lm tng tc qu trnh lo ho c th con ngi. Ngy nay, tm thy tc dng ca polyphenol ch mc khc nhau i vi bnh ung th, bnh tim mch, bnh cao huyt p, bnh ng rut, bnh rng v c tc dng lm chm qu trnh lo ho, tng tui th. Polyphenol ch cn c s dng c hiu qu v an ton trong cng nghip thc phm thay th cc cht antioxidant tng hp ,nh BHA, BHT d gy tc dng ph c hi [7] . Nh nhng tc dng qu gi nh ni trn ca cc polyphenol ch, nn chng c gi tr cao trn th trng hin nay. nc ta, c nhiu vng trng ch, nh Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, Yn Bi, Ph Th v.v... Tuy nhin, sn xut ch kh cho tiu dng trong nc hay xut khu, mi ch s dng ch bp v l ch non. Cn li lng rt ln l ch gi hn hin cn b b ph, lm cho hiu qu

canh tc cy ch vn cn thp. Nh vy tim tng mt ngun li ln, c th t to ra ngun nguyn liu lm thuc cha bnh, b dng v cc cht ph gia c gi tr cao trong cng nghip thc phm. Nu khai thc c ngun polyphenol ch t lng ln l ch th phm v ph phm chc chn s nng cao ng k hiu qu ca cc vng trng ch. Trong cng trnh ny, chng ti t nhim v nghin cu xc lp c s khoa hc cho vic nh hng khai thc ngun polyphenol t l ch th phm nh ni trn, bao gm nh gi kh nng phn lp v bc u th tc dng khng oxy ho ca polyphenol ch thu c. THC NGHIM V KT QU thc hin nhim v t ra trong cng trnh ny, chng ti s dng l ch xanh Vit nam c lu thng trn th trng lm i tng nghin cu. l l ch xanh cha ln men. L ch xanh c sy kh v nghin vn. Hm lng cht kh c xc nh bng lng cn cn li sau khi sy 100oC cho n trng lng khng i (bng 1) Nhn chung, l ch cng gi, hm lng cht kh cng cao. Vic chit xut polyphenol t l ch xanh thng c tin hnh trong dung mi nc nhit si [8], hn hp nc-metanol [5] hay nc- etanol [8]. Sau khi x l l ch bng dung mi chit, th trong dch chit, ngoi polyphenol,cn c mt cafein, pigment v polysacarit. tch cafein v cc tp cht, dch chit c x l vi clorofom. Sau khi tch ra tng clorofom th trong dch chit cn li polyphenol. em x l dch chit bng dung mi hu c, nh etylaxetat, th polyphenol chuyn vo tng etylaxetat. Tch ly dch chit etylaxetat, em ct loi etylaxetat,thu c polyphenol. Bng 1. Hm lng cht kh ca ch xanh Vit nam S T.T 1 2 3 4 Mu ch L ch non L ch bnh t L ch gi Hn hp Trung bnh Mu ti (g) 700 210 100 480 Mu kh (g) 139,9 45,5 24,9 104 Hm lng cht kh(%) 18,84 21,66 24,9 21,66 21,76

T dch chit clorofom xc nh hm lng cafein thu c sau khi ct loi dung mi (bng 2). Bng 2. Kt qu tch chit cafein bng clorofom S T.T 1 2 Mu l ch L ch bnh t L ch gi Lng l ch kh (g) 50 150 Lng clorofom(ml) 130 450 Cafein (g) 1,096 3,05

Cafein thu c l cht rn tinh th hnh kim, mu trng, c nhit nng chy 234oC (ti liu 23oC [9]) v trn ph t ngoi c trng bng vch 272 nm (hnh 1). Kt qu cho thy hm lng cafein c th thu c t l ch Vit Nam dao ng trong khong 2 - 2,1% so vi lng mu kh. tin hnh chit l ch xanh kh bng nc si (mu A) v bng kn hp nc - etanol vi t l th tch 50/50 (mu B). Sau khi tch cafein v cc tp cht khc, tin hnh chit lng - lng bng etylaxetat. Sau khi ct loi etylaxetat, thu c polyphenol kt ta mu nu sng. xc nh hm lng catechin theo phng php chun tanin bng dung dch pemanganat ka li [10]. Kt qu thu c nu trong bng 3. .

Hnh1 : Ph t ngoi ca mu cha cafein t ch xanh Vit nam Bng 3. Kt qu chit polyphenol t 100 g l ch xanh kh S T.T Mu th nghim Dung mi Lng polyphenol thu c (g) 7,18 8,68 Hm lng catachin (%) 73 83

1 2

Mu A Mu B

Nc Nc - etanol

T kt qu thu c c th nhn thy rng khi dng dung mi hn hp nc - etanol th thu c hiu sut cao hn v hm lng catachin cng ln hn. Tc dng khng oxy ha (antioxidation) ca polyphenol thu c t l ch xanh Vit nam c nh gi theo kh nng bo qun du ht ci. Trong thi gian bo qun, du tip xc vi khng kh, b oxy ho v tng trng lng. Khi c mt cht khng oxy ho, th qu trnh oxy ho ca du b hn ch. Tc dng khng oxy ho ca cht antioxidant cng mnh, th s oxy ho du cng chm. Kh nng khng oxy ho ca polyphenol c nh gi khi tng t l polyphenol trong du v khi so snh vi cc cht c tnh cht khng oxy ho bit nh axit ascorbic (vitamin C) v tocopherol (vitamin E). Cc kt qu c trnh by trn hnh 2) v hnh 3. T hnh 2 nhn thy rng khi tng t l polyphenol trong du t 1.10-3% n 1.10-2% th qu trnh oxy ho du chm i rt nhiu. Kh nng khng oxy ho ca polyphenol cng thy r khi so snh vi trng hp khng dng polyphenol (ng s trn hnh 2). T hnh 3 thy rng tc dng khng oxy ho ca polyphenol so vi axit ascorbic v tocopherol u tt hn nhiu, mc d trong trng hp tocopherol dng t l gp i. KT LUN 1 xc nh kh nng chit xut cafein v polyphenol t l ch xanh Vit Nam. Kt qu cho thy c th thu c cafein vo khong 2 - 2,1% v polyphenl vo khong 7-8% so vi lng mu l ch kh. 2. Polyphenol chit xut t l ch xanh th phm c tc dng khng oxy ha rt r rt v mnh hn nhiu so vi axit ascorbic v tocopherol.

TI LIU THAM KHO 1. P.H.Todd Jr.,US.Pat.5,527,552(1994). 2. Y.S.Hara, US.Pat., 4,613,672 (1986). 3. R.A.Lybrand, US.Pat.,4,O03,999 (1977). 4. Biokhimia rastenhia, (ting Nga)" Mir", M. ,1968, tr.329. 5. S.S. Chang, Y.Bao, US.Pat., 5,043,100 (1991). 6. Z.Y. Chen, P.T. Chan, H.M.Ma, K.P. Fung& Wang, JAOCS, 73(3),375(1996). 7. J.N.Mai, US.Pat. 4,839,187 (1989). 8. Y.S Hara, US.Pat., 4,673,530 (1987).

9. Merck Index, loth Edition, 1606 10. Thc hnh dc khoa, tp I, V Cng Thuyt, Trng Cng Quyn ch bin, NXB Y hc , H ni, 1971 ,tr. 157.