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t l mi trng thch hp nht i vi vi sinh vt, bi vy n l ni c tr rng ri nht ca vi sinh vt, c v thnh phn cng nh s lng so vi cc mi trng khc. V trong t c mt khi lng ln cht hu c. l ngun thc n cho cc nhm vi sinh vt d dng, v d nh nhm vi sinh vt cc hp cht cc bon hu c, nhm vi sinh vt phn hu cc hp cht Nit hu c ... Cc cht v c c trong t cng l ngun dinh dng cho cc nhm vi sinh vt t dng. l cc nhm phn hu cc cht v c, chuyn ho cc cht hp cht S, P, Fe ...
Clostridium Perfringens
Clostridium perfringens sng trong ng tiu ho ca ngi v ng vt.Loi ny cng tn ti trong vng t sch, iu ny cng c ngha Clostridium perfringens c th s dng lm sinh vt ch th cho s nhim phn. Ngi tr 3 ngy tui c 3-4% lng mu phn c cha n, ngi trng thnh th ln ti 98%
Clostridium perfringens
Phn loi sch khng kh theo vi sinh vt( VSV) HF( Safir, 1951)
Nm mc v nm men
Virus
Vi khun d dng (heterotriphic): s dng cc cht hu c lm ngun c cht ccbon v nng lng trong qu trnh sinh tng hp
Vi khun hiu kh(aerobic) cn oxi trong qu trnh phn hu cc cht hu c sinh trng v pht trin cht hu c+ O2 CO2 + H2O +nng lng
vi khun ym kh (anaerobic) khng cn xi t do pht trin chng c th s dng xi lin kt trong cc hp cht nh gc nitrat, sunfat... Cht hu c + NO-3 CO2 + N2 + nng lng Cht hu c + SO42- CO2 + H2S +nng lng Cht hu c axt hu c+ SO2 + CH4 + CO2 + nng lng
Vi khun t dng(autotrophic): c kh nng xi ho cht v c thu nng lng v s dng CO2 lm ngun ccbon cho qu trnh sinh tng hp. Trong nhm ny c vi khun nitrat ho, vi khun lu hunh, vi khun st.... nitromonas:: 2NH+4 + O2 2NO-2 + 4H+ + 2H2O + nng lng Nitrobacter: 2NO2 + O2 2NO3 + nng lng Cc vi khun st xy ho st tan trong nc thnh st khng tan: Fe2+(tan) + O2 Fe3+ (khng tan) + nng lng Cc vi khun Leptpthitrix v Crenothrix lm kt ta st thnh Fe(OH)3 c mu vng
Nm mc v nm men Nhm ny t hn vi khun v pht trin mnh trong vng nc t. Chng l cc vi khun sinh vt d dng v hiu kh. Cc loi nm (k c nm mc) c kh nng phn hu cc cht hu c, nhiu loi nm phn hu c cc hp cht xenluloza, hemixenluloza v lignin.Nm men c th ln men c mt s ng thnh ancol, axt hu c, glyxerin,..
Virut:: Loi siu vi khun cc nh sng k sinh t bo vt ch, nh nhng cht trao i ca vt ch m xy dng cc hp cht protein v axit nucleic cho mnh. V vy, virut l tc nhn gy ra mt s bnh cho ngi v gia sc. Trong nc thi c nhiu loi virut. Cc virut ca vi khun gi l thc khun th (bacteriophae). Khi vo t bo vi khun ch th thc khun th vn tn ti kh lu trong nc. V vy nu tm c thc khun th trong nc ta c th suy ra s c mt ca vi khun tng ng ang tn ti
Phng php mi c s dng da trn cng pht hunh quang ca loi vi khun pht sng ( phytobacteria) khi trn ln vi cht c cc nng khc nhau xc nh c.
3 nhm vi sinh vt ch th sau 1. Nhm Faecal Coliform: c trng l Escherichia Coli( E.Coli) l loi khun ng rut( FE) 2. Nhm streptococci: c trng l Streptococci,Streptococcus Faecal lin cu khun trong phn(FS). 3. Nhm Clostridia kh sulfit, c trng l Clostridium perfringues.
S c mt cu cc vi sinh vt ny ch ra rng nc b nhim phn. Khi phn tch cc ch tiu vi sinh -Nu t s FE/FS = 4 th kt lun ngun nc
b nhim bi phn ngi -Nu FE/FS = 1 th kt lun nhim bi phn ng vt
s c mt ca Coliform trong nc c dng lm du hiu v kh nng tn ti ca cc vi sinh vt gy bnh hay ni cch khc Coliform l mt ch tiu nh gi mc nhim bn ca ngun nc Nng oxi trong nc tng th cc loi c trng ca nc khng b nhim li chim u th.
BAV1
Geobacter.