1

Mc lc
Li m u ...............................................................................................................................................1
CHNG I: KHI KHOT CHUNG V S PHT TRIN CA VN TI CONTAINER
BNG NG BIN TI VIT NAM. ...............................................................................................6
I. Tng quan v s hnh thnh v pht trin container trn th gii.........................................................6
1. S ra i ca h thng vn ti container ..........................................................................................6
2. S pht trin ca h thng vn ti container. ...................................................................................8
II. Khi qut chung v thc trng vn chuyn hng ha bng container ng bin ca Vit Nam
giai on 2005-2010...............................................................................................................................11
1. H thng cng bin Vit Nam. .......................................................................................................11
2. H thng tu bin Vit Nam...........................................................................................................12
CHNG II: THC TRNG VN TI HNG HA BNG CONTAINER QUA CNG CHA
V, HI PHNG. .................................................................................................................................14
I. Gii thiu chung v cng Cha V .....................................................................................................14
1. Khi qut Cng Hi Phng. ............................................................................................................14
1.1. V tr a l. .................................................................................................................................16
1.2. Lch s truyn thng: ..................................................................................................................18
2. Khi qut chung v cng Cha V. ................................................................................................19
2.1. V tr a l. .................................................................................................................................20
2.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin. .................................................................................................20
II. Hot ng vn ti container qua cng Cha V, Hi Phng giai on 2005-2010. ..........................22
1. iu kin t nhin ca cng Cha V. ...........................................................................................22
2. Ban qun l cng Cha V. ............................................................................................................23
2.1. Ban qun l cng: ........................................................................................................................24
2.2. Cc ban nghip v v cc n v trc tip sn xut: ...................................................................25
3. Trang thit b phc v container. ...................................................................................................27
3.1. Cc trang thit b phc v tu bin ra vo, neo u ti cng. ......................................................27
3.2. Cc trang thit b phc v vic xp d, vn chuyn hng ha trong phm vi cng. ...................29
3.3. H thng kho bi ca cng. .........................................................................................................31
3.4. H thng thng tin lin lc ca cng. ..........................................................................................32
3.5. H thng giao thng phc v container ngoi phm vi cng. .....................................................33
4. Cc dch v dnh cho container ca cng. .....................................................................................34
5. Quy trnh giao nhn container ti cng. .........................................................................................39
5.1. Giao nhn container nhp khu. ..................................................................................................39
5.2. Giao nhn container xut khu:...................................................................................................39

5.3. Giao hng t bi ln phng tin ca ch hng. .........................................................................40

6. Lng container vn chuyn qua cng Cha V. ..........................................................................42
III. Nhn xt. ..........................................................................................................................................43
1. im mnh: ....................................................................................................................................43
2. im yu. .......................................................................................................................................46
3. C hi .............................................................................................................................................48
4. Thch thc......................................................................................................................................51
CHNG III: MT S GII PHP NNG CAO HIU QU VN TI CONTAINER QUA
CNG CHA V, HI PHNG. .........................................................................................................54
I. Chin lc pht trin ca cng Cha V 2010- 2020, nh hng 2030. ...........................................54
II. Gii php nng cao hiu qu vn ti container qua cng Cha V, Hi Phng.................................55
1. Gii php vi m. .............................................................................................................................56
1.1. Tng cng hot ng u t......................................................................................................56
1.2. Pht trin ngun nhn lc. ..........................................................................................................57
1.3. M rng hot ng xc tin thng mi. ....................................................................................59
2. Gii php v m. .............................................................................................................................60
2.1. Hon thin h thng h tng giao thng......................................................................................60
2.2. Hon thin cng tc qun l nh nc trong lnh vc cng bin. ...............................................61
2.3. Nng cao vai tr ca hip hi cng bin Vit Nam- VPA. .........................................................62
2.4. Quy hoch xy dng trung tm logistic cho khu vc min bc. .................................................63
Kt lun ..................................................................................................................................................65
Ti liu tham kho..................................................................................................................................66

Mc lc bng biu
ng 1: Khong cch t Cng Hi Phng n mt s cng bin...........................................................18
ng 2 Trnh cn b cng nhn vin (2009): ....................................................................................26
ng 3: Thng s k thut ca cng ......................................................................................................28
ng 4: Danh mc cc loi cn trc chn .........................................................................................29
ng 5: Danh mc cc loi cn trc bnh lp. .......................................................................................30
ng 6: Danh mc cc loi cng trc gin QC. .....................................................................................30
ng 7: Danh mc cc loi cu gin bnh lp RTG. .............................................................................30
ng 8: Danh mc cc loi xe nng hng. .............................................................................................31
ng 9: Danh mc cc loi xe u ko v moc chuyn dng. .............................................................31
ng 10: Biu cc cc dch v xp d container p dng t 1/1/2012:...............................................36
ng 11: Biu cc gi dch v ng/ rt hng trong container (n v: ng/container) ....................37
ng 12: oanh thu t hot ng dch v ca x nghip .......................................................................38
ng 13: Sn lng container qua cng.................................................................................................42
ng 14: Lng hng ha v container qua cng Hi Phng ................................................................42

Li m u
T u nhng nm 60 ca th k XX, , qu trnh "Container ha" trong
chuyn ch ngy cng tr nn ph bin trn th gii. S dng container bc l
tnh u vit ca n khi p dng vo cc phng thc vn ti khc nh: khi lng
hng ha chuyn ch ln nhng li rt ngn c thi gian chuyn ch, gim chi
ph chuyn ch v tit kim c cc chi ph lin quan. T nhng c trng m
container tr thnh nt ni bt ca cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut ln u
nhng nm 60 ca th k XX v thay i cc din ca ngnh vn ti, y mnh giao
lu bun bn quc t v pht trin kinh t trn ton th gii. Cng trong xu hng
, "container ha" ngnh vn ti Vit Nam c nhng bc tin ng k, tng
bc theo kp s pht trin ca vn ti th gii. Vit Nam chng ta c ng b
bin di hn ba nghn km, thun li cho vic giao thng, bun bn bng vn ti
bin. Hn th na, Vit Nam cn c v tr quan trng trong khu vc ng Nam
v l ca ng ra bin ca mt s quc gia khc. Tuy nhin, dng nh h thng
cng bin Vit Nam ni chung, h thng cng bin Hi Phng- ca ng giao thng
hng ha bng ng bin ca min Bc ni ring, cha theo kp tc qu trnh
"container ha", khng ch nh hng xu n s pht trin vn ti bin Vit Nam
m cn c nn kinh t min Bc Vit Nam. Cng Cha V- cng container chnh
trong h thng cng Hi Phng ngy cng bc l nhng mt yu km v c s vt
cht cng nh cng tc qun l. o , cn c nhng nghin cu c th v, nguyn
nhn, thc trng ca s yu km, t a ra nh hng pht trin cng Cha V
ni ring trong qu trnh "container ha" ngy cng mnh m cng nh s pht trin
chung ca nn kinh t min Bc, xng tm l mt trong nhng u mi giao
thng ng bin quan trng ca min Bc ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung.
c nhiu nghin cu trong nc cng nh trn th gii v vic nng cao
hiu qu hot ng giao nhn hng ha bng container qua cng. Tuy nhin, cc
nghin cu dnh ring cho h thng cng Hi Phng ch yu th hin mt k
thut m cha cp nhiu n vic nng cao cng tc qun l ca c quan qun l
cng. Trong khi , cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam th vn qun l li

l vn quan trng thit lp mt b my lm vic hiu qu th li b n trnh,

khng cp n. ti k tha cc nghin cu trc , i su vo gii php tng
cng nng lc qun l ca chnh quyn cng bn cnh vic cp n cc gii
php ti u ha thi gian xp d.
Thng qua ti, ngi c c ci nhn tng quan v thc trng lu thng
hng container qua cng Cha V, ng thi nhm nghin cu cng t thc trng
ny trong mi tng quan vi Tn Cng, Si Gn; qua , tm ra gii php v qun
l, gim st cng nh ti u ha chi ph nhm nng cao hiu qu lu thng
container qua cng.
ti s dng phng php i chiu so snh, phn tch tng hp,thng
k,....
ti ch nghin cu v tnh hnh lu thng v giao nhn hng container qua
Cng Cha V, Hi Phng vi s liu trong giai on 2005-2010.
ti gm 3 chng:
CHNG I: Khi qut chung v s pht trin vn ti bng container ng bin ti
Vit Nam.
CHNG II: Thc trng vn ti hng container qua cng Cha V, Hi Phng
trong mi quan h so snh vi Tn Cng Si Gn.
CHNG III: Mt s gii php nng cao hiu qu vn ti container qua cng Cha
V, Hi Phng.

CHNG I: KHI KHOT CHUNG V S PHT TRIN CA VN TI

CONTAINER BNG NG BIN TI VIT NAM.

I. Tng quan v s hnh thnh v pht trin container trn th gii.

Lch s pht trin ca loi ngi lun gn lin vi s pht trin ca cc cng
c lao ng trong c cng c vn ti. c bit l khi s thng thng, giao lu
bun bn gia cc quc gia ngy cng tr nn mnh m trn nhiu hnh thc. Yu
cu v cc phng thc vn ti cng nh cht lng vn ti rt c xem trng
t cho ra i chic container u tin. u nhng nm 60 ca th k XX, trong
cc phng thc vn ti c p dng kh ph bin phng php chuyn ch bng
container. container ha trong chuyn ch hng ha trc tip lm thay i su
sc v nhiu mt, khng ch trong ngnh vn ti m trong c cc ngnh kinh t khc.
Vn chuyn hng ha bng container ra i mang li hiu qu kinh t rt ln. V
vy ngi ta coi container ha chnh l c trng ca cuc cch mng khoa hc
k thut ln th ba trong lnh vc vn ti.
1. S ra i ca h thng vn ti container
Vn ti hay ni chnh xc hn l qu trnh vn ti lun c ci tin v hon
thin. Mc ch ch yu ca tin b k thut v t chc trong vn ti l rt ngn
thi gian chuyn ch, m bo an ton cho i tng c chuyn ch ng thi
gim chi ph chuyn ch ti mc thp nht.
Theo thc t chng ta c th nhn thy, thi gian khai thc ca cng c vn
ti gm hai phn l: thi gian cng c vn ti chy trn ng v thi gian cng
c vn ti ti cc im vn ti nh ga, cng, tin hnh xp d v cc nghip
v khc. T l gia hai khong thi gian ni trn bin i ph thuc vo phng
thc vn ti v phng php khai thc cng c vn ti. iu ng ni y l, vic
tng tc k thut ca cng c vn ti s khng t c hiu qu kinh t nu nh
khng gim c thi gian cng c vn ti ti cc im gng.

o , vn c

bn nht tng nng lc vn ti v nng sut chuyn ch l tng cng c gii

ha khu xp d hng ha cc im vn ti. Mt trong nhng yu t quan trng

thc y gii ha ton b khu xp d hng ha l to ra nhng kin hng ln,

thch hp. Vic to ra nhng kin hng ln nh vy trong vn ti c gi l n
v ha hng ha
n v ha hng ha trong vn ti c ba yu cu:

Trc ht n phi c to ra bng cch gp nhiu kin hng ring r vi

nhau. n v hng ha ny c gi nguyn hnh dng, kch thc v trng lng

trong sut qu trnh bo qun, xp d v chuyn ch

n v ha hng ha phi c kh nng to iu kin thun li cho vic c

gii ha ton b qu trnh xp d v s dng hp l cho hng v cng c vn ti.

n v ha hng ha phi tha mn cc yu cu t ra ca sn xut v lu

thng hng ha.

Qu trnh n v ha hng ha trong chuyn ch hng ha din ra t hnh
thc thp n cao.
Hnh thc n gin nht l to ra nhng n v hng ha nh bng cch dng
cc loi bao b thng thng nh: kin bng, hm ch, phuy du, b st thp
Phng php to ra n v hng ha ln hn l dng khay hng (pallet).
khay hng l mt dng c vn ti dng kt hp nhiu kin hng nh thnh mt
n v hng ha ln nhm mc ch thun li cho vic xp d, bo qun v chuyn
ch. khay hng cng vi hng ha to thnh mt n v hng ha ln. Phng
php khay hng mang li nhiu li ch kinh t: gim cng lao ng xp d,
chuyn ch, rt ngn thi gian xp d do tng nng lc vn chuyn, tng h s
s dng trng ti v dung tch ca cng c vn ti,Tt c cc li ch cho php
gim khong 8% tng chi ph vn ti so vi phng php chuyn ch thng thng.
Phng php chuyn ch hng ha bng khay hng c p dng t lu trong
vn ti quc t. V vy, i hi phi tin hnh tiu chun ha khay hng trn
phm vi quc t. Nm 1978, T chc tiu chun ha quc t (International
Standards Organization ISO) quy nh tiu chun kch thc ca ba loi khay

hng nh sau:800 x 1000mm, 800 x 1200mm, 1000 x 1200mm trong loi 800 x
1200mm c coi l khay hng c li nht.
Phng php th ba to ra n v hng ha ln hn v hin i hn trong
vn ti chnh l dng container. Container cng vi hng ha xp trong to thnh
mt n v hng ha trong sut qu trnh chuyn ch. l mt phng php n
v ha hng ha hon thin nht v mang li hiu qu kinh t nht trong vn ti ni
a cng nh trong vn ti quc t hin nay.
2. S pht trin ca h thng vn ti container.
Hin nay c rt nhiu ti liu ni v lch s v s pht trin ca phng php
chuyn ch hng ha bng container. o , xc nh mt cch chnh xc thi im
xut hin chic container u tin ch l tng i. Song, ngi ta c th phn chia
s pht trin ca container ha ra lm bn giai on:
Giai on 1: tnh n nm 1955
Giai on 2: trong khong thi gian 1956 1966
Giai on 3: t nm 1968 n nm 1980
Giai on 4: t nm 1981 n nay
Mi giai on pht trin li c nhng c trng khc nhau:
Giai on 1:
Trong giai on ny mt s nc bt u th nghim s dng container loi
nh vo chuyn ch hng ha trong vn ti ng st. Trc i chin th gii ln
mt, mt s cng ty vn ti, c bit l cc cng ty ng st th nghim phng
php chuyn ch hng ha trong container c nh. Tt nhin, container lc by gi
c kt cu v cng dng khng ging nh container hin nay. Trong thi gian gia
hai cuc chin tranh th gii, cc nc nh: Anh, Php, M, c, Lin X tip tc
m rng phm vi s dng container trong chuyn ch hng ha. S pht trin nhanh
chng ca phng php chuyn ch ny i hi phi c s phi hp cht ch gia
cc phng thc vn ti, gia c quan vn ti vi nhau. Nhng kinh nghim ca

M trong vic s dng container ch v kh v vt liu chin tranh c tc

dng nht nh n n vic thc y s pht trin chuyn ch container vo thi
gian sau chin tranh.
Nhng nm 50 ca th k XX chuyn ch container c pht trin vi tc
nhanh hn. Phm vi s dng container c m rng sang cc phng thc vn
ti khc (ng bin, ng t). Tuy nhin phng php chuyn ch container
cng mi ch p dng cho chuyn ch ni a v s dng container loi nh v loi
trung bnh (trng ti di 5 tn, dung tch t 1 - 3 m3.
Giai on 2 (1956 1966)
L thi k p dng container trong chuyn ch quc t, s dng ngy cng
nhiu container loi ln v tc pht trin chuyn ch container rt cao. C th
ni rng giai on ny l thi k bt u ca cuc cch mng container trong
chuyn ch hng ha. Khng ch c M m cc nc chu u trong giai on ny
cng pht trin mnh m phng thc vn ti ny c v s lng ln cht lng.
Giai on 3 (1967 1980)
Nm 1967, t chc Tiu chun ha quc t (ISO) thng qua tiu chun
container quc t loi ln p dng trong chuyn ch quc t. cng trong nm ny,
thnh lp Cng ty quc t v chuyn ch container vi tn Intercontainer kinh
doanh chuyn ch container bng vn ti ng st gia cc nc chu u.
Giai on ny c nhng c im ln l:
-

p dng ph bin cc loi container theo tiu chun ISO

nhiu nc trn th gii hnh thnh h thng vn ti container bao gm

vn ti ng st, t, mc d trnh k thut, t chc qun l v kinh doanh

mc khc nhau
-

Tng nhanh s lng container loi ln, s lng cng c vn ti chuyn

dng ch container v thit b xp d container

10

Xy dng, ci to cc cng bin, ga ng st bin gii thch hp vi chuyn

ch container v phc v chuyn ch container quc t

-

Hnh thnh cc tuyn ng st, ng bin chuyn ch container chu u

v trn th gii
T nhng c im trn, chng ta c th nhn xt rng giai on th ba l
thi k pht trin nhanh v rng ri ca phng php chuyn ch container trong
bun bn quc t. n gia nhng nm 70, chuyn ch container chuyn sang mt
thi k mi m c im l ngy cng hon thin v k thut, t chc qun l v
t kt qu kinh t cao.
Giai on 4 (t nm 1981 n nay)
y c coi l giai on hon thin v pht trin theo chiu su ca h
thng vn ti container vi s dng container loi ln hu ht cc cng bin trn
th gii. Tu chuyn dng ch container th h th t vi sc ch 6000 TEU
c vo khai thc. Hn th na cc cn cu hin i phc v cho vic xp d
container c ln vi tm di hn 40m k t mp cu tu v sc nng ln ti 70 tn
ra i. Mt xu hng mi trong giai on ny l t nhng nm cui ca th k
XX, cc cng ty container ln trn th gii lin minh vi nhau, thit lp quan h
hp tc lu di hay sp nhp tng kh nng cnh tranh.
Qua 4 giai on pht trin ca container c th nhn thy rng trong nhng
nm u ca th k XX, container c xut hin v pht trin chu M nhng
n nhng thp nin cui ca th k, chu u li dn vt qua M v s lng
container lun chuyn qua cc vng cng bin. n nhng nm u ca th k XXI,
s pht trin vn chuyn container li c xu hng chuyn dch sang chu . Theo
s liu thng k ca UNCTAD 2008 th hai phn ba trong tng s 20 cng
container ln nht th gii nm chu . iu ny chng t chu ang v s tr
thnh chu lc pht trin kinh t mnh m, c bit l pht trin vn ti bin m
trng tm l chuyn ch hang ha bng container trong c Vit Nam.

10

11

II. Khi qut chung v thc trng vn chuyn hng ha bng container ng
bin ca Vit Nam giai on 2005-2010.
1. H thng cng bin Vit Nam.
Vit Nam hin c khong 100 cng bin ln nh tri di theo dc b bin t
Bc vo Nam. nh hng pht trin cng bin Vit Nam trong nhng nm ti l:
ci to, nng cp, hin i ha cc cng hin c. Tp trung xy dng mt s cng
nc su ti vng kinh t trng imnhm p ng nhu cu pht trin, vn
chuyn hng ha bng ng bin, to iu kin hi nhp v sc cnh tranh vi
cc cng trong khu vc v trn th gii.
H thng cng bin Vit Nam c quy hoch nh sau:
-

Cm cng pha Bc (t Qung Ninh n Ninh Bnh): cm cng pha Bc bao

gm cc cng: Cm Ph, Ca ng, Hn Gai, Ci Ln (Qung Ninh); Hi Phng,

nh V, Lch Huyn,(Hi Phng); Dim in (Thi nh) Cng Hi Phng l
cng ln nht min Bc, c chiu di cu cng 2567m, din tch kho bi 52.052m2,
hng nm c th xp d hn 10 triu tn hng ha.
-

Cm cng min Trung (t Thanh Ha n Bnh Thun): Cm cng min

Trung bao gm cc cng nh: Nghi Sn (Thanh Ha); Ca L, Bn Thy (Ngh

An); Xun Hi (H Tnh); Sng Gianh (Qung Bnh); Chn My, Thun An (Tha
Thin Hu); Tin Sa, Sng Hn ( Nng); Sa K (Qung Ngi); Nha Trang, Ba
Ngi, Hn Khi (Khnh Ha); Quy Nhn, Th Ni ( nh nh),. Cc cng qun
trng cm cng ny l: Ca L, Vng ng, Chn My, Nng, Dung Qut,
Quy Nhn, Vn Phong, Nha Trang.
-

Cm cng min Nam (t ng Nai n cc Nam): cm cng min Nam c

th chia thnh hai nhm nh sau:

o

Nhm cng khu vc thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Nhm cng ny hin c 28 cng ang c khai thc thuc 15 n v ch

qun, trong c 4 cng ln nht l cng Si Gn (Tng cng ty Hng hi Vit

Nam), Tn Cng (thuc Qun i); Bn Ngh (thnh ph H Ch Minh); cng

11

12

VICT (lin doanh). Ngoi ra cn c cc cng nh: cng ELF Gas Si Gn, cng
Rau qu, cng Bng Sen, cng Ct Li, (Thnh ph H Ch Minh); cng ng
Nai, cng G Du A-B, cng Long Thnh(ng Nai).
o

Nhm cng Vng Tu-Th Vi.

Nhm ny bao gm cc cng nh: cng dch v du kh, cng

Vietsopetro,ti khu vc ny cng quc t Ci Mp-Th Vi l cng trung chuyn

ln c xy dng v a vo khai thc. n container ca cng c th tip nn
50.000TEU.
-

Cm cng ng bng sng Cu Long

Cm cng thuc ng bng sng Cu Long bao gm cc cng nh: cng Cn

Th, M Tho, ng Thp, Hn Chng, Ci Cui, Vnh Thi, Nm Cn cm

cng ny, cng Cn Th ng vai tr quan trng hn c. Cng Cn Th nm trn
sng Hu c vng nc trc cng rng v su, hin ang c u t pht trin.
Hin ti, cm cng bin Vit Nam khai thc cha ht cng sut, nng sut
xp d cn hn ch, qun l phn tn V vy, hiu qu hot ng cha cao. Trong
thi gian ti cng bin thc hin ng chc nng, p ng nhu cu ca vn ti
bin cn xem xt li quy hoch pht trin, tp trung u t pht trin v phng
thc qun lnhm nng cao hiu qu ca hot ng cng bin Vit Nam.
2. H thng tu bin Vit Nam.
Vit Nam, pht trin i tu bin theo hng hin i ha, a dng ha v
tr ha l mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng ca quy hoch tng th pht trin
giao thng vn ti bin.
Theo quy hoch pht trin vn ti bin Vit Nam n nm 2010, nh hng
n 2020; cn pht trin i tu bin quc gia n nm 2010 c tng trng ti t
4.445.000 WT v nh hng n nm 2020 l 7.100.000 WT, tng bc tr ha
i tu n nm 2010, t tui bnh qun l 16 tui v nh hng n nm 2020
l 14 tui, ch trng pht trin i tu chuyn dng, c bit l tu container v i
tu du. Nng cao cht lng dch v vn ti bin t l m nhn vn chuyn hng

12

13

ha xut nhp khu nm 2010 l 25%, nh hng n nm 2020 l 35% v m

nhn vn chuyn 10% hng ha ni a. B sung trng ti cho i tu hng nm n
nm 2010 l 3.231.336 WT, trong i tu hng kh b sng thm
1.647.653DWT, tu container b sung thm 479.236 WT, (tng ng 36.172
TEU) v i tu du cn c b sung thm 1.113.447DWT.
i tu Vit Nam s tham gia vn chuyn hng ha ti cc nc thuc khu
vc chu v cc tu c 15000-20000 WT (i vi hng ri), tu c 1000015000 WT(i vi hng bch ho), tu c 1000-3000TEU (i vi hng container).
n khu vc Bc M, Chu u, Chu Phi vi cc loi tu c ln hn, c th tu
hng ri c 30000 n 50000DWT, tu hng bch ha c 20000-30000DWT v tu
container c 4000-5000TEU. Tu ch du th c t 100000-200000DWT, tu ch
du thnh phm c c t 20000 n 40000 DWT. Tu ch hng ni a cng c c
t 1000-10000DWT v t 100-1000TEU i vi tu container.
Quy hoch t ra mc tiu nh trn, song thc t tnh n nm 2008, i tu
bin Vit Nam t tng trng ti l 5.579.524 WT, vt mc tiu ra trong
quy hoch 25,5%. m bo i tu quc gia pht trin tng xng vi tim nng
ca t nc, phc v, p ng nhu cu ca th trng, quy hoch pht trin vn ti
bin Vit Nam c iu chnh theo hng ko di tm nhn v m rng mc
tiu pht trin. d tho quy hoch mi pht trin i tu bin Vit Nam theo hng
hin i ha, ch trng pht trin cc loi tu chuyn dng (tu container, tu hng
ri, tu du) v tu trng ti ln. n nm 2010 tng trng ti i tu bin quc
gia c th t 6-6,5 triu

WT, nm 2015 t 8,5-9,5 triu DWT. Tng bc tr

ha i tu m bo tui bnh qun ca i tu c th t 12 tui vo nm 2020.

Nh vy, i tu bin Vit Nam c a vo quy hoch pht trin vi
tm nhn mi ti nm 2020 v nh hng n nm 2030 nhm m bo u t pht
trin i tu ng hng, trng loi, m bo tng cng sc cnh tranh v hiu
qu kinh doanh khai thc cho i tu Vit Nam.

13

14

CHNG II: THC TRNG VN TI HNG HA BNG CONTAINER

QUA CNG CHA V, HI PHNG.

I. Gii thiu chung v cng Cha V

1. Khi qut Cng Hi Phng.
Tn giao dch: Cng Hi Phng
Tn ting Anh: PORT OF HAI PHONG
Loi hnh doanh nghip: cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin
a ch lin h: 8A Trn Ph- Hi Phng
in thoi: 84.031.3859456-3859824-3859953-3859945
Fax: 84.031.3836943
Email:

haiphongport@hn.vnn.vn, it-haiphongport@hn.vnn.vn

Website:

www.haiphongport.com.vn

Ban lnh o:
- Tng gim c: Hng Quc Vit.
- Ph Tng gim c: Bi Chin Thng, Cao c Vn, Trng Vn Thi, Cao
Trung Ngoan, Phng Xun H.
Cc x nghip thnh phn: X nghip xp d Hong Diu, X nghip xp d Cha
V, X nghip xp d v vn ti Bch ng, X nghip xp d Tn Cng.
Cc dch v chnh ca Cng:
- Bc xp, giao nhn, lu tr hng ho.
- Lai dt,h tr tu bin.
- Trung chuyn hng ho, container quc t.
- Dch v i l vn ti.
- Dch v logistic container chuyn tuyn Hi Phng- Lo Cai bng ng st.
14

15

- Dch v ng gi, vn ti hng hi ng b, ng sng

- i l tu bin v mi gii hng hi.
Cc dch v h tr:
- Chuyn ti ti cc vng nc H Long, Lan H, Bch ng, Lch Huyn.
- ng bao cc loi hng ri.
- H tr cc loi tu cp Cng.
- Vn ti bng ng st, ng b v thy ni a.

15

16

1.1. V tr a l.

16

17

Ta ca cc cng trong h thng Cng Hi Phng:

X nghip xp d Hong iu

:2052N - 10641E

X nghip xp d Cha V

:2052N - 10643E

X nghip xp d Tn Cng

:205025,7" N - 1064616,8E

n ni ch ng

:2051N - 10645E

Vnh Lan H

:2046N - 10716E

Vng neo H Long

:2056N - 10703E

Trm hoa tiu

:2040N - 10651E

Gii hn chiu di tu

:200m

17

18

ng 1: Khong cch t Cng Hi Phng n mt s cng bin

CNG

HI L

CNG

HI L

Nng

320

Klang

1.528

Si Gn

799

Penang

1.730

Zhang Ziang

200

Busan

1.749

Hongkong

500

Vladivostok

2.114

Manila

885

Kobe

2.141

KaoShiung

940

Tokyo

2.349

Bangkok

1.390

Sydney

5.560

Singapore

1.442

Roxtecdam

9.770

1.2. Lch s truyn thng:

Ngy 15/3/1874, triu nh Hu k Hip c ho bnh v lin minh, trong
nh Nguyn dng cho Php ton b t Hi Phng v quyn kim sot bn Ninh
Hi ( tc khu vc Cng Hi Phng ngy nay ). T y thc dn Php bt tay vo
xy dng Cng nhm bin bn thuyn lng Cm thnh mt qun cng v thng
cng ln, phc v xm lc ca chng. Nm 1876, Cng bt u hnh thnh v
a vo s dng. Cng trnh u tin c quy m ln l h thng nh kho bao gm 6
kho, nn c gi l Bn 6 kho. Nm 1939, Cng Hi Phng ( gm Cng chnh v 2
Cng ph ) c xy dng xong c bn. Nm 1955, Hi Phng gii phng, ngi
cng nhn Cng thc s lm ch bn cng ca mnh. Ngy 20/5/1955, hoa tiu
Cng dn hai tu quc tch Php cp bn an ton, nh du bc trng thnh vt
bc, Cng Hi Phng c khng nh l thng cng ln nht nc.
Giai on 1965-1975 vi v tr l ca ng ca c nc, Cng Hi Phng
vt qua kh khn th thch, cng thnh ph v ngnh ng bin chin thng

18

19

hai cuc chin tranh bao vy ng bin, phong to Cng, gi vng nhim v chin
lc tip nhn hng nhp khu, vin tr nc ngoi bng ng bin. Vic xy
dng ci to Cng Hi Phng c trin khai t nhng nm chng chin tranh ph
hoi v thc y khn trng hn sau khi t nc thng nht(1975). Khi ng
u tan r vo nhng nm u thp nin 90( th k 20), Cng Hi Phng mt i th
trng truyn thng, lng tu hng ca Lin X chim 64%(1989) gim xung
cn 10,3%(1993).
Cng Hi Phng bc vo giai on mi vi nhng kh khn chng cht.
c u t ng hng v kp thi, hn 10 nm qua l thi k tng trng v pht
trin ca Cng Hi Phng. Hin nay, Cng Hi Phng c lu lng hng ho ln
nht min Bc, c h thng thit b hin i ph hp vi cc phng thc vn ti,
thng mi quc t. Cng Hi Phng l doanh nghip u tin ca ngnh Hng hi
Vit Nam thc hin c phn ho cng bin.
2. Khi qut chung v cng Cha V.
Tn doanh nghip: chi nhnh cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin cng Hi Phng-x
nghip xp d Cha V.
a ch: s 5 ng Cha V, phng ng Hi 1, qun Hi An, thnh ph Hi
Phng.
in thoi: (84-31).3765784.

Fax: (84-31).3765784.

E-mail: chuave-haiphongport@hn.vnn.vn, ops.cv-chp@vnn.vn.

Website: www.haiphongport.com.vn.
Hnh thc s hu vn: s hu Nh nc.
Ngnh ngh kinh doanh: bc xp hng ho, bo qun v giao nhn hng ho, vn
hng ho bng cc loi phng tin, kinh doanh kho bi, chuyn ti hng ho, cung
ng dch v hng hi, kinh doanh xut nhp khu.
Gim c: V Nam Thng

19

20

Hot ng theo u quyn ca doanh nghip: cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin cng
Hi Phng.
2.1. V tr a l.

Nm trong phm vi hu ngn sng Cm, cch trung tm thnh ph 4km v

pha ng v cch phao s 0 khong 20 hi l, tu vo cng phi qua lung Nam
Triu v knh o nh V. Cng Cha V l im trung chuyn hang ho cho cc
tnh pha Nam Trung Quc v Bc Lo.
2.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin.
X nghip xp d Cha V l x nghip thnh vin ca Cng Hi Phng c
thnh lp t nm 1977 vi nhim v ban u l t chc xp d hng ho tng hp.
X nghip xp d Cha V l mt trong nhng X nghip thnh vin ca
Cng Hi Phng. T thng 5/1977, x nghip xp d Cha v c thnh lp, c s
ban u ch l mt bi bi ph sa v cu tu di 345m vi mc ch ch yu l
tip nhn hng vin tr ca cc nc X hi Ch ngha . Nhn thy y l khu vc
y tim nng, li gn bin nn lnh o Cng, b giao thng vn ti v thnh ph
Hi Phng u t pht trin nh ngy nay. T nm 1985, tu container u tin

20

21

c a vo y khai thc bo gm cc loi container t 5 feet, 10 feet, 20 feet

v 40 feet..
Nm 1990, Cng Hi Phng cho lp 2 Condor ca Cng ha lin bang
c vi sc nng 40 tn/chic, t thi im ny m ra 1 hng pht trin mi l
cng container chuyn dng nh ngy nay. Nm 1994, do yu cu pht trin sn
xut, Cng Hi Phng tch ra lm 2 x nghip, X nghip xp d Cha V i tn l
Cng on x v c c phn ho vo nm 1998 c gi l Cng ty C phn
Cng on X vi 51% vn ca Cng Hi Phng. i on X c i tn l X
nghip xp d Cha V, vi nhim v ban u l xp d hng tng hp. c s
quan tm ca B giao thng vn ti, cc Hng Hi Vit Nam, thnh ph Hi Phng
v Cng Hi Phng, x nghip xp d Cha V c xy dng v m rng tip
nhn sn lng container tng trng lm 2 giai on bng ngun vn ODA ca
Chnh ph Nht Bn.
+ Giai on 1: t nm 1996 2000, xy dng mi 1 cu tu 150m, ci to
ton b din tch bi c v lm mi 40.000m2 bi chuyn dng xp container
theo tiu chun quc t v 2 QC. Xy dng 3.200m2 kho CFS khai thc hng
chung ch v gom hng ca nhiu ch ng vo container xut khu.Ton b d
n trn c tng s vn u t ln n 40 triu USD.
+ Giai on 2: t nm 2001 2006, xy mi thm 2 cu tu 350m, 60.000m2
bi, u t phng tin chuyn dng lm container: 4 QC (Quay side Crane), 12
RTG ( Rubber Transfer Gantry crane), ng mi 4 tu lai dt, h thng cng ngh
thng tin phc v cho vic xp d v qun l container trn bi v ci to lung tu
vo Cng vi tng s vn 80 triu USD.
Ngnh ngh kinh doanh dch v theo giy chng nhn ng k hot ng chi
nhnh s 0214001387, do S K hoch v u t thnh ph Hi Phng cp ngy
29/7/2008.

21

22

II. Hot ng vn ti container qua cng Cha V, Hi Phng giai on 20052010.

1. iu kin t nhin ca cng Cha V.
Nm trong h thng cng Hi Phng, cng Cha V mang cc c trng c
bn v iu kin t nhin ging nh cng Hi Phng, c v iu kin kh hu, iu
kin a cht v iu kin thy vn. Nhng c im ny c nh hng quan trng
n hot ng cng nh nh hng pht trin ca cng Cha V.
c im kh hu:
Cng Cha V chu nh hng ca kh hu nhit i gi ma, s ngy c
ma trung bnh trong nm khong 30 ngy v lng ma trung bnh hng nm
khong 1800 ml. Nhng ngy tri ma cng ngng xp d, thi gian ngng chim
t 28 n 30 ngy trong nm. Ch gi chia lm hai ma r rt: T thng 10 n
thng 3 nm sau l gi

c-ng

c, t thng 4 n thng 9 l gi Nam-ng

Nam. Khi c gi cp 6 tr ln cng c kh nng phi ngng cng tc xp d.T

thng 5 n thng 8 thng c bo. Cc yu t ma, bo nh hng ti thi gian
khai thc ca cng cng nh s an ton ca hng ho v cc thit b bo qun ti
cng. Cng nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma nng m, ma nhiu. Nhit
trung bnh cao, chnh lch t 23oC 27oC, v ma h c th ln ti 30oC 35oC.
m ca cng tng i cao, bnh qun t 70% 80%, nh hng n cng tc
bo qun hng ho, d gy hin tng m hi hay nng chy v vy phi thng
xuyn theo di c bin php kp thi v hu hiu trnh tn tht. Cng thng
xut hin sng m vo sng sm ma ng. Hin tng sng m dy c nh
hng n vic cng tc, xp d hng ho ca cng lm tr gi ra vo tu, t nh
hng n vic khai thc ca cng. Ngoi ra cng cn chu nh hng ca l gy ra
dng chy ln lm cho phng n san mn ca tu gp kh khn.
iu kin a cht:
a cht ca cng Cha V nm trong khu vc trm tch sa bi ven sng
bin. Nn t c dy t 30 m n 35 m theo cu to gm nhiu lp. Lp trm

22

23

tch ht mn nm trn lp bn, n lp ct v trm tch ht kh nm di lp ct

ht v ct va. iu kin a cht ca cng c nh hng ln n vic xy dng
cng v thit k cc cng trnh t ti cng cng nh vic b tr cc loi thit b trn
tuyn cu tu, kho bi v khu nc neo u ca tu v mng li giao thng ca
cng.
iu kin thu vn:
iu kin v thu vn c nh hng n cng tc xp d v iu kin hot
ng ca tu ti khu nc cng nh lung lch ra vo cng ca tu.
Cng c ch nht triu, ch c mt s ngy trong nm l ch bn nht triu.
Mc nc triu cao nht l +4,0 m, c bit cao 4,23 m, mc nc triu thp nht l
+0,48 m c bit tht nht l 0,23 m. Vi iu kin thu triu nh vy s nh hng
n tm vi ca cc thit b xp d v nh hng n vic tu b ra vo cng, t
nh hng n nng sut xp d hng ho. Ngoi ra yu t v dng chy cng lm
nh hng n vic neo u ca cc tu b. Gy kh khn cho cng tc b tr tu v
xp d hng ho.
2. Ban qun l cng Cha V.
Cng Cha V nm di s qun l ca X nghip xp d Cha V, l mt
thnh vin trc thuc cng Hi Phng.
C cu t chc x nghip:

23

24

2.1. Ban qun l cng:

- Gim c:l ngi lnh o cao nht trong x nghip, chu trch nhim
trc ng y, nhn ch tiu k hoch Cng Hi Phng giao, t chc sn xut kinh
doanh t k hoch ra, cng nh chu trch nhim chm lo i sng cho cc cn
b cng nhn vin ton x nghip.
- Ph gim c: gm ph gim c ph trch kho hng, ph gim c k
thut, ph gim c khai thc hng ha. Cc ph gim c thay mt v chu trch
nhim trc gim c trong quyn hn c trao.
Ph gim c ph trch kho hng: c nhim v ph trch kho hng, i bo
v, i container.
Ph gim c k thut: chu trch nhim v cc cng vic lin quan thuc
phm vi khoa hc k thut, cng nh nm chc tnh trng khoa hc k thut cc
phng tin thit b xp d v k hoch sa cha cc trang thit b.

24

25

Ph gim c khai thc hng ha: c nhim v ph trch khai thc kinh
doanh, ch o t chc khai thc khi lng hng ho xut nhp khu qua cng
hiu qu nht.
2.2. Cc ban nghip v v cc n v trc tip sn xut:
Cc ban nghip v
- Ban t chc lao ng, tin lng:
Cng tc t chc: tham mu cho gim c v cng tc cn b, t chc sp
xp b my iu hnh sn xut, b my sn xut; m bo cc chnh sch lin quan
n quyn li, ngha v ca cn b cng nhn vin trong x nghip.
Cng tc tin lng: tham mu cho gim c v cng tc lao ng, tnh
lng cho cn b cng nhn vin.
- Ban kinh doanh: tham mu cho gim c x nghip trong vic khai thc th trng,
t chc k kt v thc hin cc hp ng kinh t; nghin cu th trng v tham gia
xy dng cc phng n, nh hng chin lc trong sn xut kinh doanh ca ton
x nghip.
- Ban ti chnh k ton: theo di v tin hnh cc hot ng ti chnh ca x nghip.
- Ban hnh chnh, y t: chu trch nhim v cng tc vn th, t chc mua sm,
qun l trang thit b vn phng, t chc tip khch, hi hp,...m bo phc v
nhu cu sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin; chm lo tnh hnh sc kha ca cn
b cng nhn vin.
- Ban k thut vt t:
Tham mu cho gim c trong lnh vc k thut, vt t (xy dng k thut
khai thc s dng v sa cha cc loi phng tin hin c, t chc qun l k
thut c kh, mua sm vt t, ph tng, ng dng khoa hc vo sn xut); tham mu
trong lnh vc t chc thc hin qun l, xy dng, p dng, duy tr c hiu qu v
ci tin cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca x nghip, qun l thc hin cc

25

26

cng tc lin quan n nghin cu khoa hc, sng kin ci tin ca cn b cng
nhn vin.
- Ban cng ngh thng tin: tham mu cho ban lnh o x nghip v cng tc qun
tr h thng thng tin d liu hng ha trong ton x nghip, kt ni thng tin vi h
thng mng ca Cng Hi Phng.
Cc n v c s trc tip sn xut:
- i c gii: qun l trc tip cng nh t chc s dng cc trang thit b c
trang b; m bo trng thi k thut, tham gia duy tu, bo dng trang thit b.
- i cn trc: qun l trc tip, t chc s dng cn trc ca cng ty, m bo tnh
sn sng hot ng an ton, hiu qu ca cn trc.
- i bc xp: t chc bc xp hng ha p ng yu cu nng sut, cht lng.
- i v sinh cng nghip: chu trch nhim v sinh khu vc bi hng, cu tu, kho
cha m bo v sinh cng nghip phc v cng tc khai thc, bc xp v bo qun
hng ha.
- i bo v: m bo an ninh trt t, chng mt trm, mt cp hng ha v ti sn
ca x nghip, m bo vic thc hin ni quy ca x nghip.
- Kho CFS: t chc giao nhn hng l; qun l lu kho, bo qun hng ha cho ch
hng.
- i container: t chc giao nhn hng ha xut nhp khu qua cng, qun l vic
sp xp container trn bi; gii quyt cc th tc giao nhn hng ti cng, lp chng
t, phiu cng tc nhm theo di v thanh ton. ng thi, i cn c nhim v
theo di chnh xc thi gian container lu bi cho x nghip.
Cc t sn xut: cc n v nh trong cc i thc hin nhim v sn xut c
giao cho i.
Trnh cn b cng nhn vin
ng 2 Trnh cn b cng nhn vin (2009):

26

27

S ngi

T trng (%)

Trn i hc

0,3

i hc

224

24,6

Cao ng

17

1,9

Trung cp

26

2,9

Nhn vin k thut

642

70,4

Tng

912

100
Ngun:tng hp

Lao ng trong cng c y trnh trong lao ng ph thng ( khng

phn loi trnh ) chim mt t l ln 71,56%. S lao ng c trnh i hc
trong lc lng lao ng ca x nghip kh cao (24,6%). iu ny cho thy i ng
cn b cng nhn vin ca cng c trnh hc vn tng i cao.
Tuy nhin, s nhn vin c trnh trn i hc ch c 3 ngi, chim 0,3%,
iu ny cha tng xng vi quy m ca cng trong vai tr l mt trong nhng
cng container ln trong c nc.
3. Trang thit b phc v container.
3.1. Cc trang thit b phc v tu bin ra vo, neo u ti cng.
iu kin c s h tng cng Cha V
S cng Cha V

27

28

Ngun: haiphongport
ng 3: Thng s k thut ca cng
Cu

T mt

n mt

di

su

Trng ti

(mt)

(mt)

(DWT)

CV1

165.0

165.0

-8.4

10000

CV2

165.0

348.0

183.0

-8.4

10000

CV3

348.0

498.0

150.0

-8.4

10000

CV4

498.0

673.0

175.0

-8.4

10000

CV5

673.0

848.0

175.0

-8.4

10000

Ngun: haiphongport

Cng Cha V c 5 bn vi tng chiu di 810 m v sn lng thng qua

hng nm 1.600.000 tn. Hin ti xy dng c bn ph, bn 1, 2 vi chiu di
330 m dng bn cc b tng ct thp, trc bn c ng cn trc cng v hai
ng st hot ng. Bn thuc hng thit k theo tiu chun cng bin cp 1 mt

28

29

bn c ti trng 4 tn/m2. Khu vc bn cha xy dng c kho v cc cng trnh

lm vic v sinh hot khc. Trn mt bn b tr 2 cn trc c ti trng nng 5 tn.
Trang thit b phc v tu ra vo, neo u ti cng.
Hin nay, cng Cha V s dng chung cc trang thit b phc v tu ra vo
cng cng cc cng khc trong h thng cng Hi Phng: tu h tr lai dt (cng
sut: 515-3200 CV)8 chic; x lan (cng sut: 750-1100 tn) 6 chic ca XNXD v
vn ti thy.
3.2. Cc trang thit b phc v vic xp d, vn chuyn hng ha trong phm vi
cng.
Bng thng k cc phng tin, my v thit b xp d hin c ti cng Cha
V, Hi Phng:
ngun: Haiphong port
ng 4: Danh mc cc loi cn trc chn :

TT Tn my

Nc

sn

lng xut

Ti
trng
(T)

Kirop 5T-K

02

Lin X

Kondor

02

Tukan

01

Chiu cao

vi (m) nng (m)

8-30

23,5

CHL c 40

8-32

28,5

CHL c 40

8-32

25

29

Tm

30

ng 5 Danh mc cc loi cn trc bnh lp.

S

TT Tn my

Nc

Ti trng Tm

Chiu cao

lng sn xut

(T)

vi (m) nng (m)

Zoomlion QY40V

02

T. Quc

40

35,7

40,6

Zoomlion QY70V

01

T. Quc

70

32

44

ng 6 Danh mc cc loi cng trc gin QC.

TT Tn my
1

Mitsui

Nc

lng xut
06

Nht

sn Ti trng Tm vi Chiu

cao

(T)

(m)

nng (m)

35,6

30

18,5

ng 7 Danh mc cc loi cu gin bnh lp RTG.

TT Tn my
1

Mitsui

Nc

lng xut
12

Nht

sn Ti trng Tm vi Chiu

cao

(T)

(m)

nng (m)

35,6

23,47

15,24

30

31

ng 8 Danh mc cc loi xe nng hng.

TT Tn my

Nc sn Ti trng Chiu cao

lng xut

(T)

nng (m)

TCM FD 35Z7

01

Nht

TCM FD 35Z7C

02

Nht

TCM FD 35C8

04

Nht

10

TCM FD 35T8

04

Nht

12

TCM FD 45Z7

01

Nht

15

TCM FD 100Z8

01

Nht

10

19

TCM FHD 200

01

Nht

20

21

Kalmar DC 4160 RS5

01

T. in

41

14,7

24

Kalmar DRD 420-60S5

04

T. in

42

15,1

25

Kalmar DC 13.6-EC5

02

T. in

10

26

TCM FC 70-4

01

Nht

12

ng 9 Danh mc cc loi xe u ko v moc chuyn dng.

TT Tn my

Nc sn

lng

xut

Ti
trng
(T)

Cng sut
(HP)

u ko Hyundai

08

H. Quc

54

320

u ko KAMAZ 54112

10

Nga

23

240

u ko KAMAZ 54115

18

Nga

23

240

3.3. H thng kho bi ca cng.

Kho CFS c din tch 3.300 m2, bi container c din tch 202.110 m2.

31

32

Bi container c mt nn l b tng ri nha p lc trn b mt bn l 8- 16

T/m2, bao gm:
+ Khu vc bi chnh: A (AA, AB, AC, AD), B (BA, BB,..., BE), C (CA, CB,..., CE),
F(FA, FB), E(EA, EB, EC).
+ Khu vc cu tu: QA, HD.
+ Khu vc xp container lnh: RA, RB, RC, RD.
+ Khu vc kim ha: KH.
+ Khu vc khc: CH, A0, HR.
Ngoi ra cn nh cn 80 tn, xng sa cha c kh v mt s khu vc khc.
3.4. H thng thng tin lin lc ca cng.
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca mnh, XNXD Cha V p dng nhng
cng ngh hin i trong qun l hot ng ca cng, cng nh qun l container
qua cng; ng thi c mi lin kt cht ch vi h thng qun l thng tin chung
ca h thng cng.
H thng thng tin cng Cha V c xy dng c mi quan h cht ch
vi h thng thng tin ca cc cng khc cng nh cc x nghip xp d trong h
thng cng Hi Phng, thng qua h thng mng xng sng: cp quang, cp STP,
cp UTP, mng khng dy 54 Mbps, mng khng dy d phng 6Mbps v cp ng
theo cng ngh ca Cisco.
Cng cng ng dng phn mm qun l bn container CTMS trong cc
phn h: phn h lp k hoch gii phng tu, phn h lp k hoch qun l bi,
phn h giao nhn container.
CTMS c
cho XNX

an qun l d n ci to nng cp Cng Hi Phng bn giao

Cha V 8/2007, nm trong gi thu "Thit b xp d v h thng qun

l bn container" thuc n ci to nng cp Cng Hi Phng giai on 2 vi lin

danh nh thu IHI- MES ( Nht n). Theo , cng Cha V c trang b 02 my
ch x l ng dng, x l d liu v lu tr d liu d phng, 09 my tnh cho

32

33

trung tm x l d liu ti an Cng ngh thng tin, 03 my tnh xc bo d liu

ti cc cng bo v, 12 my tnh cm tay ngoi hin trng (RHT) cho nhn vin
giao nhn ti cu tu, 20 my tnh MT

trn cn cu gin v cc xe nng hng

nhm ghi nhn thng tin o chuyn v cp nhp v tr container trong bi, h thng
mng khng dy vi 12 trm pht sng ton khu vc hin trng cu tu, bi
container1.
H thng thng tin qun l MIS trong cng tc in ha n dch v, thit lp
cc bng biu bo co thng k phc v qun l trong ton x nghip c nhanh
chng, kp thi.
3.5. H thng giao thng phc v container ngoi phm vi cng.
H thng giao thng ng b:
Vn chuyn container bng ng b hin ang l phng php chuyn ch
container chnh t cng Cha V vo ni a thng qua quc l 5A,. Tnh trn ton
cng Hi Phng, vn ti hng ha ng b chim ti 79%. Quc l 5A l ng
cp 1 ng bng, di 106 km, im cui l cng Cha V, im u l km116 quc
l 1A; c hon thnh 1998. Nn ng t 26-35m, mt ng 18-23m (4 ln xe)
c di phn cch cng rng 1.2-1.5m. ng tri b tng nha, m bo thng xe
hai ma. C 12 cu chnh trn ng vt chng ngi nc v vt ng b,
ng st l cu b tng c ti trng cho xe H30.
Ngoi ra, ng cao tc H Ni - Hi Phng (cn gi l Quc l 5B), mt
trong 6 tuyn cao tc c xy dng theo quy hoch ti min Bc Vit Nam, s l
mt trong nhng tuyn ng phc v tt vic vn chuyn hng ha ni chung,
container ni ring t Cng Hi Phng. Quc l 5B l tuyn ng loi A di 105,5
km t Th H Ni qua Hng Yn, Hi ng ti thnh ph cng Hi Phng.
y l ng cao tc u tin ca Vit Nam xy dng theo tiu chun quc
t. im u ca tuyn ng nm trn ng vnh ai 3 ca H Ni, cch m
bc cu Thanh Tr 1.025 m, im cui l p nh V, qun Hi An (Hi Phng).
1

ISO/ISPS/Cng ngh thng tin-www.Haiphongport.com.vn.

33

34

Phn qua H Ni di 6 km, phn qua Hng Yn di 26 km, phn qua Hi ng di

40 km, phn qua Hi Phng di 33 km. Ton tuyn c chiu rng mt ct ngang
bnh qun 100 m, mt ng rng t 32,5 n 35 m vi su ln xe chy theo tc
thit k ln ti 120 km/gi, hai ln dng xe khn cp, di phn cch cng gia,
di cy xanh hai bn cng vi mt s ng gom nhng ch cn thit
Theo thit k ny, cc loi xe -t, c bit cc xe cng-ten-n siu trng,
siu trng c th chy thng lung ti cng bin ln nht vng kinh t trng im
c . Tng chi ph giao thng ca cc phng tin, nht l hao ph thi gian s
gim mnh.
H thng giao thng ng st:
Cng Cha V c h thng giao thng ng st chy trc tip t cng n
khu cng nghip nh V. Chnh ph va c ph duyt k hoch xy mi tuyn
ng st t cng n nh my AP thuc khu cng nghip nh V.
Cng Hi Phng hin ang l cng duy nht ti Vit Nam c h thng
chuyn ch hng ha bng ng st ni lin vi h thng ng st quc gia. H
thng ng st di 2km cho ton h thng cng chy tuyn Hi Phng- H NiLo Cai. Tuy nhin, nng lc vn chuyn container bng ng st cha c khai
thc hiu qu, bnh qun mi ngy, ga Hi Phng vn chuyn c 50 TEU/ ngy
m, y l con s kh khim tn so vi mc chuyn ch ti a l 100 TEU/ngy
m vi c s h tng hin ti2.
Hin nay, tnh cho ton Cng Hi Phng, vn ti hng ha bng ng st
ch chim 3% lng hng ha.
Nhn chung, vn ti ng thy ni a cha pht trin vi container do iu
kin t nhin khng ph hp.
4. Cc dch v dnh cho container ca cng.
Cc loi hnh dch v:

Tng nng lc vn ti container bng ng st s gim ti cho ng b, bo ng st.

34

35

Cc container c cung cp dch v cng Cha V l loi container 20' v

40'. Hin nay, cng Cha V c cc dch v chnh sau:

Nng /h container t bi ln cc phng tin ch hng v ngc li.

ng/ rt hng trong container ln cc phng tin ch hng v ngc li.

Lu bi container

Cc dch v khc nh phc v gim nh, kim ho hng trong container,

container lnh c s dng in, cn container v hng ha bng cn in t 80 tn.

Quy trnh dch v:
- c 1: ch hng ti phng kinh doanh ca x nghip k hp ng (thanh ton
hoc tm ng).
-

c 2: ch hng xung x nghip ng k lm hng. X nghip lm cc th

tc v thc hin theo hp ng.

-

c 3: thanh l hp ng: x nghip tp hp chng t chuyn cho phng kinh

doanh phng kinh doanh pht hnh ha n dch v, sau thanh l hp ng

vi ch hng.
Gi dch v: s dng chin lc gi r, ly gi do Cng Hi Phng quy nh lm
cn c xc nh mc gi.
i tng p dng:
- cc t chc, c nhn vn chuyn hng ha gia cc cng bin Vit Nam bng cc
phng tin thy khng phn bit tu Vit Nam hay tu nc ngoi.
- Hng ha, container xut nhp khu, chuyn khu m hp ng vn ti c quy
nh cc xp d hng ha ti cng bin Vit Nam do ch hng thanh ton.
- Hng vn chuyn ni a do ch tu vn ti ni a thanh ton.
Mc gi: (xem chi tit ti phn ph lc)

35

36

ng 10 iu cc cc dch v xp d container p dng t 1/1/2012:

n v: ng/container

Loi container

Bi toa xe

Tu (S lan)

Tu S lan

Tu (S lan)

S lan, t,

ti vng nc

Bi

Bi Cng

Toa xe ti cu

(S dng cu

tu

tu)

Toa xe t
Toa xe Toa xe

Container 20:
- C hng

450.000

350.000

200.000

275.000

400.000

- Rng

240.000

180.000

110.000

180.000

240.000

- C hng

700.000

550.000

300.000

380.000

510.000

- Rng

360.000

260.000

150.000

240.000

290.000

- C hng

810.000

625.000

340.000

410.000

530.000

- Rng

410.000

315.000

180.000

240.000

300.000

Container 40:

Container >40:

36

37

ng 11: iu cc gi dch v ng/ rt hng trong container (n v: ng/container)

ng/rt hng t
Loi container

container ti bi Cng

ng/rt hng t container

ng/rt hng t

ti bi cng ln Tu, toa xe,

container ti bi Cng

s lan, vo kho bi Cng

vo container ti bi

hoc ngc li

Cng

ln t hoc ngc li
Container 20:
- ng hng

580.000

915.000
1.010.000

- Rt hng

640.000

1.010.000

1.050.000

1.430.000

Container 40:
- ng hng

1.570.000
- Rt hng

1.150.000

1.570.000

1.520.000

2.260.000

Container > 40:

- ng hng

2.490.000
- Rt hng

1.670.000

2.490.000

Dch v xp d container.
Hin nay, x nghip xp d cng Cha V thng s dng cc phng n
xp d sau:
Container- tu- - t bi:
-

Container- tu- cu tu- t bi

Container- tu- gin QC- t bi

Container- tu- - t- ch hng

Container- t- ch hng- tu

Container- bi- DTG- t ch hng

-

Container- bi- - t ch hng

Container- xe t ch hng- bi

Rt rut- bc xp xe ch hng

37

38

Hng ng- xe ch hng- container

Doanh thu t hot ng dch v ca x nghip (2009-2010)

ng 12: Doanh thu t hot ng dch v ca x nghip
Ch tiu

Mc thay i

2009

2010

(Triu ng)

(Triu ng)

Thu bc xp hng 371.226

So

snh Tc

2010/2009

tng

(%)

trng (%)

365.666

-5.560

98,5

-1,5

ha
u ngoi

281.618

281.618

100

u trong

89.608

84.048

-5.560

93,80

-6,2

Thu kho hng

154.185

161.429

7.244

104,70

4,7

Lu kho

121.061

121.061

100

Cn hng

2.344

2.343

-1

99,96

-0,04

Cu bn

1.776

1.114

-662

62,73

-37,27

Nng container

16.083

21.796

5.713

135,52

35,52

H container

4.732

6.254

1.522

132,16

32,16

116

72

-44

62,21

-37,79

Thu kho bi

3.061

3.061

100

ch v khc

5.012

5.728

716

114,29

14,29

uc ci dy

Ngun: nh gi kt qu sn xut kinh doanh XNX Cha V

Qua bng trn, c th thy doanh thu t hot ng nng, h container c mc

tng cao nht (ln lt l 35,52% v 32,16%). iu ny xut pht t thc t lng
38

39

container qua cng Cha V tng 6,5% ng thi vi vic tng mc gi dch v
nng, h container. Cc hot ng lu kho, lu bi v thu kho bi c doanh thu
khng i c th thy h thng kho, bi ca cng lun trong trng thi hot ng
ht cng sut.
5. Quy trnh giao nhn container ti cng.
5.1. Giao nhn container nhp khu.
- Trc khi tu n cng 24h, i l hng tu gi NOA- thng bo tu n cho trc
ban iu hnh sn xut, sau gi "bn lc khai hng ha", s hm tu, cc
thng bo v cc loi hng ha c bit (hng siu trng, siu trng, container
hng nguy him,...) v bn k khai hng nhp khu.
- Ton b thng tin trn c gi cho i container, sau c tng hp li thnh
working Sequence sheet vi y thng tin v hng ha cng nh v tr d kin
xp trn bi. T phiu ny c chuyn xung b phn giao nhn cu tu v c
dng giao nhn hng ha.
Trong qu trnh lm hng, cng c ngi kim m cng i din tu, nhn
vin giao nhn phi kim tra tnh trng v container, ghi s hiu, s ch, hin trng
container vo my RHT v phiu trnh t d hng Working Sequence sheet.
Nhn vin giao nhn cn c vo thc t d hng, i chiu vi Working
Sequence sheet xc nh hng ha thc t d (c xc nhn ca i din tu). Sau
, hai bn lp cc chng t php l ban u (COR, ROROC, CSC,....)
Sau , hng ha c th c lu kho bi hoc i thng.
5.2. Giao nhn container xut khu:
Container FCL:
- Hng tu cp cho ch hng "lnh cp container rng", ch hng a hng
n cng v tin hnh th tc hi quan ng hng vo container.
- B tr nhn cng ng hng vo cng di s gim st ca hi quan, sau
kp ch cho container.

39

40

- Ch hng ti phng th tc lm th tc, nhn EIR v a cho nhn vin

giao nhn bi a container ra bi ch xp ln tu.
Nu container phi lu kho, lu bi ti cng th nhn vin th tc lm th tc
cho container nhp bi, in phiu EIR. Sau , ch hng nhn EIR mang xung bi
nhn vin giao nhn ti bi iu ng phng tin xp hng vo bi. Nhn vin
giao nhn k xc nhn vo EIR v thu 1 lin.
Container LCL:
- B phn i l ca hng tu s thu gom hng a n CFS. Nu iu
kin ng hng th i l s bo cng b tr cng nhn ng hng vo container,
ng thi lm th tc hi quan cng nh cc th tc khc ti CFS.
- Cc l hng gi vo kho CFS ng vo container LCL u phi lm th
tc, khi ng hng xong cng lm th tc h hng v bi ch xp ln tu.
Giao hng xung tu:
Trc khi xp hng ln tu, hng tu phi gi cho cng bng k khai hng
ha, s tng hp.
Cn c vo cargo list hng tu gi, nhn vin giao nhn xc nh v tr
container c xut x ti bi. Trong qu trnh xp hng ln tu, cng c ngi kim
m , lp t kim hng. Sau khi xp xong hng ha xung tu, b phn giao nhn
ca cng, cng vi hng tu hoc i l hng tu s lp bo co xp d, COR,....
5.3. Giao hng t bi ln phng tin ca ch hng.
Container FCL
Trng hp ch hng ly nguyn container a v kho bi ca mnh: phng
th tc ca cng tip nhn D/O v 'phiu mn v container' lm EIR- phiu giao
nhn container cho ch hng. Cn c vo EIR, nhn vin giao nhn iu ng
phng tin xp hng ln xe cho ch hng, sau k xc nhn giao hng, ghi tnh
trng container v ng du vo EIR, thu 1 lin xanh. Khi ch hng cho phng
tin ra cng cng, nhn vin bo v kim tra, i chiu s hiu container, s xe vn

40

41

chuyn trn EIR, nu khp th thu 1 lin vng c du hi quan v cho xe ra cng
cng. Nhn vin giao nhn hon tt vic giao container trn h thng CTMS.
Trng hp ch hng rt hng ti cng: Sau khi ch hng ly EIR, sang b
phn trc ban sn xut ng k vo phiu lm hng, trnh b phn ch o bi ghi s
theo di v thng bo cho giao nhn bi xc nh v tr container trn bi. Nhn vin
giao nhn iu ng phng tin ca cng n rt hng ra khi container v a
ln xe cho ch hng, sau k xc nhn vo phiu EIR v thu mt lin xanh. Ch
hng cho phng tin ra cng cng, ng du hi quan, trnh EIR cho bo v kim
tra s xe, s lng, chng loi hng ghi trn EIR. Nu khp thu 1 lin vng v cho
xe ra khi cng.
Container LCL:
Container c a vo CFS d hng di s gim st ca i din hng
tu, hi quan, cng ty gim nh v nhn vin giao nhn. "Bin bn khai thc
container chung ch" c lp sau khi m container, bin bn ny l cn c hng
tu cp D/O cho ch hng.
Ch hng mang

/O n phng th tc ca cng lm th tc nhn hng,

nhn vin th tc vit "lnh xut kho".

Ch hng mang "lnh xut kho" xung CFS nhn hng, cn c vo ,
nhn vin kho vit "phiu xut kho" v giao hng ln xe cho ch hng.
Ch hng trnh phiu xut kho ra cng cng.

41

42

6. Lng container vn chuyn qua cng Cha V.

ng 13: Sn lng container qua cng
n v

Ch tiu

tnh

Chic

Tu
Sn lng

Tn

Container

TEU

2007

2008

2009

2010

Tc

Tc

Tc

tng 2008

tng 2009

tng 2010

(%)

(%)

(%)

785

888

702

735

13,10

-21,00

4,70

5.659.010

6.393.131

6.188.440

6.486.577

13,00

-3,20

4,80

560.954

629.321

587.901

626.262

12,20

-6,60

6,50

T trng
container
qua cng

Cha V/

82,05

79,66

72,06

65,67

Cng Hi
Phng
Ngun: tng hp

ng 14: Lng hng ha v container qua cng Hi Phng

2003

2004

2005

2006

Container

376.644

398.353

424.155

463.899

Hng ha

10.518.262

10.486.507

10.512.057

5,76

-0,30

Tc

2007

2008

2009

2010

683.689

790.000

815.831

953.646

11.151.368

12.300.568

13.800.008

14.370.356

15.688.689

6,48

9,37

47,38

15,55

3,27

16,89

0,24

6,08

10,31

12,19

4,13

9,17

tng
container
(%)
Tc

tng hng
ha (%)

Ngun: haiphongport

42

43

Trong giai on 2003-2010, tc tng trng lng container qua cng Hi

Phng c xu hng cao hn tc tng trng lng hng ha qua cng, iu ny
th hin xu hng tt yu ca s pht trin ca vn ti container. Tuy nhin, tc
tng trng container cng Cha V trong giai on 2007-2010 lun thp hn tc
tng trn ton Cng Hi Phng, c bit nm 2009, trong bi cnh kinh t th
gii chng li do khng hong kinh t, lng hng container qua cng Cha V
gim n 6,5% so vi nm 2008. Vn trn c th c l gii do s pht trin
ca cc cng khc trong khu vc ( cng nh V, cng Ci Ln,...) v s xung cp
v c s h tng cng bin ti cng Cha V. iu ny dn n h qu l t trng
hng container qua cng Cha V vi ton Cng Hi Phng lin tc gim trong giai
on 2007-2010 khi m nm 2007 l 82,05%, nhng n nm 2010, con s ny ch
cn 65,67%.

III. Nhn xt.

1. im mnh:
H thng thng tin lin lc:
H thng thng tin lin lc ca cng Cha V nm trong h thng thng tin
thng sut vi Cng Hi Phng. c trang b h thng qun l bn container
CTMS- theo tiu chun khai thc container quc t. c im ni bt ca h thng
ny l cho php kt hp mt cch linh hot gia th cng v t ng. Thng tin
qun l c a vo h thng bng ba cch: cp nht chng t, chuyn d liu
bng EDI v thng qua my truyn d liu bng tay. Thit b trao i v truyn d
liu cm tay ny c cc nhn vin iu hnh s dng trc tip ti hin trng, t
tnh c ng v mm do ca h thng c pht huy. C th ni, vi sn lng
thng qua di 1 triu TEU/nm, CTMS l h thng qun l ph hp vi cng
Cha V. Tuy nhin, ban lnh o Cng Hi Phng ni chung v x nghip Cha V
ni ring cng cn c nhng bc chun b c th chuyn sang p dng h thng
qun l bn container mi mt cch kp thi. Khi sn lng thng qua ca cng
tng ln, h thng qun l ny bc l cc nhc im c bn: khi lng thng tin

43

44

phi x l ln dn n thng tin c cp nhp khng p ng yu cu v thi gian,

nn nhiu thng s c trong my tnh ca h thng qun l khng khp vi thc t
(chng hn nh v tr container, lng container tn,), v vy nhn vin iu hnh
sn xut th ng trong vic tm kim, iu chnh s liu. H thng qun l ny
cng to ra mi trng th cng trong cng vic: tm kim container, hng dn xe
vo v tr giao nhn hng, sp xp container trn bi,Kt qu cui cng l nng
sut lm hng, tc giao nhn container thp, trong khi hao ph lao ng nhiu.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu, Cng Hi Phng c th hc hi kinh nghim t qu
trnh trin khai phn mm ng dng qun l iu hnh v khai thc cng container
TOPX ti Tn Cng- Ci Lt, phn mm gp phn nng cao nng sut cho Tn
Cng- Ci Lt3.
Ngoi ra, vic p dng cc phn mm chuyn dng khc trong qu trnh qun
l, iu hnh doanh nghip nh: h thng thng tin qun l (MIS-G1), h thng trao
i d liu in t EDI, h thng thng tin qun l ti chnh- k ton (MIS-G2), h
thng thng tin qun l nhn s- tin lng (MIS- G3), chng trnh qun l nh
cn,... nng cao ng k hiu qu hot ng ca XNXD Cha V. B my qun
l c n gin ha v hiu qu hn. Cng tc theo di, gim st cc trang thit b,
phng tin; kim tra thit b c thay th, tn ng, thi hn bo dng v hng
mc bo dng, nhin liu tiu th,...nhanh chng, kp thi v hiu qu. Tnh hnh
sn xut, ti chnh ca x nghip c phn nh kp thi, nhanh chng hn vi ban
lnh o x nghip. S gn kt gia cc phng ban, n v trong x nghip vi nhau,
cng nh gia x nghip vi Cng Hi Phng c nng cao, lm cho gung my
qun l hot ng linh hot hn.
Mt s u im ca h thng TOPX: i vi nhn vin tha hnh, lm vic thng qua my tnh,
ngay trung tm iu hnh, gim thiu c cng on thao tc, tn t cng sc hn nhng nng
sut v hiu qu cao hn, s lng nhn lc iu hnh gim 30% so vi trc. i vi khch hng,
cc bc v thi gian giao nhn hng c rt ngn (gim 3 ln, t trung bnh 2,07h/lt xe giao
nhn trc y xung 0,7h/lt xe). i vi cc hng tu, tu khng phi ch cu, thi gian nm
bn ngn (trung bnh t 22h xung 18h) do nng sut gii phng tu tng 35%, v v vy nng lc
thng qua ca cng cng tng tng ng. Cc hng tu c p ng mi yu cu trao i d liu
EDI. S v vi phm ATL-ATGT ca Cng gim 45%... V tng th, h thng gip ti u ha,
tng nng sut v tit kim mi mt trong sn xut, nng cao cht lng dch v l cng c hu
hiu trong qun l xy dng Cng. Theo ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong iu hnh v khai
thc cng container, www.vinamarine.gov.vn
3

44

45

H thng qun l thng tin, cng vi s nng cao cht lng ca i ng

cng nhn vin trong vic s dng cng ngh thng tin trong x nghip tun theo xu
hng i mi cng tc qun l, tng bc hin i ha qu qun l trong xu th
hin nay.
H thng giao thng ngoi phm vi cng:
Cng Cha V c ni h thng giao thng ng b quc gia bng quc
l 5A- mt trong nhng tuyn ng huyt mch ca min Bc, v ang phc v
kh tt nhu cu vn chuyn container n cc cng khc trong h thng Cng Hi
Phng, cng nh cc khu vc khc ngoi phm vi cng. Bn cnh , tuyn ng
cao tc H Ni- Hi Phng, vi thit k ph hp cho xe container cng s p ng
tt nhu cu vn chuyn hng ha bng container n H Ni, Hi

ng, Hng

Yn.
Ngoi ra, hin nay, Cng Hi Phng c th ni l cng duy nht trong h
thng cng Vit Nam c tuyn ng phc v container bng ng st trong phm
vi cng. iu ny, gip gim thiu chi ph vn chuyn container t cng n ga Hi
Phng, to iu kin thun li pht trin vic vn chuyn hng ha bng ng st
theo nh hng ca nh nc.
H thng my soi container:
Cng vi cng Ci Lt, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Hi Phng l a phng
th 2 trn c nc c trang b h thng my soi container c ln bng tia X,
nhm tng cng h thng qun l hi quan ti Hi Phng. H thng my soi
container Eagle G6000 phc v ti cng Cha V v cng nh V chnh thc i
vo hot ng t 5/5/2011. y l h thng my soi tia X c th kim tra a dng
cc hng ha, ly hnh nh soi chiu mc ti a (xc nh hnh nh r nt ca si
dy ng ng knh 1mm trong khng kh), p ng yu cu chun ha cc th
tc thng quan hng ha theo cam kt WTO v ASEAN.
thng quan v kim tra hon ton mt xe container mt 7 pht, nu ch
kim tra soi qut th h thng ch cn hn 1 pht, gim c thi gian thng quan

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hng t 1-2h/container nh trc y. Theo Cc Hi quan Hi Phng, d kin h

thng my soi c th phc v t 70-100 xe container/ngy4.
Mi lin kt vi cc cng min bc (Giao c hp tc gia Cng Qung Ninh
v Cng Hi Phng)
Ngy 12/10/2011, ti Vn phng Cng Hi Phng s 8A Trn Ph, Hi
Phng din ra l k bn ghi nh hp tc gia Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin
Cng Qung Ninh v Cng ty TNHH Mt thnh vin Cng Hi Phng. Hnh thc
hp tc c nhn mnh l vic giao lu, chia s, trao i thng tin v kinh nghim
trong qun l sn xut, khai thc cng, h tr o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc;
hp tc trong kinh doanh v th trng vi mc tiu m bo li ch ca mi bn;
h tr trang thit b, cng ngh, nhn lc khi mi bn c nhu cu Hin nay, hu
ht cc tu c ln u c chuyn ti ti Cng Qung Ninh a vo Cng Hi
Phng, vic hp tc gp phn thc y s pht trin chung ca h thng cng bin
khu vc min Bc Vit Nam, m ra nhng c hi mi nhm nng cao lng hng
ha, container thng qua cng Cha V (cc cng bin Cng Qung Ninh c su
ln, ph hp vi cc tu container c ln cp cng).
2. im yu.
iu kin t nhin:
Nhn chung, iu kin t nhin ca cng kh phc tp , nh hng nhiu n
tu ra vo cng, cng tc xp d container ti cng. Bn cnh , lng ph sa bi
lp ln, trong khi cng tc no vt ph sa, khin su ca lung lch ngy cng
gim, khng ch nh hng n tnh hnh sn xut ca cng m cn gy lng ph
nng lc xp d ca cng, an ton hng hi b e da
Hin su lung tu (on knh H Nam- ch ng) b bi lng, su
t -7m (theo thit k) ch cn -5m. Vi chiu di lung tu t phao s 0 n khu
vc nh V (di 32km) tu vo cng mt 2-3 ting, song, hin nay, vi su cn
khong -5,5m, tu vo cng mt nhiu thi gian. Hn na, cng vi bin thy
4

Hi Phng: h thng cng ang dn hon thin. 20/06/2011, www.baomoi.com.

46

47

triu, lung ch p ng c tu 10.000 tn, cc tu ln phi i thy triu t nh

mi c th ra vo khu vc cng, hoc phi chuyn ti. Theo thit k, lung t
su -7m, cng bin khu vc Hi Phng tip nhn c tu 2 vn tn, nhng nay
lung tu b sa bi, tu 2 vn tn phi san ti.
o c im a cht thy vn h thng sng v ca bin Hi Phng mc
bi lng ln, khi lng no vt ln ti hng triu m3/nm. Theo t vn Nht
khi nghin cu

n nng cp Cng Hi Phng giai on 2, duy tr chun tc

tuyn lung ti su thit k -7m, hng nm khi lng no vt lung tu vo

Cng Hi Phng c tnh khong 3 triu m3. no vt tuyn lung ny, Tng
cng ty o m an ton hng hi min c ang gp nhiu kh khn v thiu kinh
ph. K t khi a vo s dng lung mi (nm 2006), gia nm 2008, lung tu
ny c no vt ln u vi 780.000 m3. Cui nm 2009, u nm 2010 tin hnh
duy tu ln 2 vi 920.000m3. su no vt on knh H Nam- ch ng t 6,3m v -5,5m on sng Cm. n nay, tnh hnh bi lng cng nghim trng, n
v khn trng thc hin k hoch no vt nm 2011, vi su d kin on knh
H Nam- ch ng l -6,6m v -5,5m on sng Cm.5
H thng giao thng ngoi cng.
Hin nay, hu ht container vn c vn chuyn bng ng b trong khi
cc tuyn ng ny ngy cng tr nn qu ti v tc u t pht trin h thng
giao thng ng b khng theo kp s pht trin ca lng hng container. Quc
l 5A l tuyn ng huyt mch trong lu thng hng ha gia cng Cha V vi
cc cng khc trong h thng Cng Hi Phng cng nh vi cc a phng khc.
Tuy nhin, theo thng k, tnh chung trn QL5 mi ngy c trn 1000 xe t qu
ti hot ng, chim t l n 30% xe lu thng, trong c nhiu xe tng trng ti
ln ti 80 tn. Qua kim tra, c xe t ch ti 54 tn trn 1 trc sau, qu ti ti
200%. Ch tnh ring trong nm 2011, ring on t Hng Yn ti Hi Phng, mt
phng tin giao thng ng b gia tng trn 11,5%, trong ch yu l xe

lung tu khu vc cng bin Hi Phng b bi lng nghim trng, Bo Hi Phng, 24/8/2011.

47

48

ch container, xe ti nng, qu kh, qu nng6. c bit, khu vc ng ba Cha Vkhu cng nghip nh V thng xuyn b tc nghn nghim trng nhiu gi lin,
vi mt xe ln ti 10000 xe/ngy. Tnh trng tc nghn giao thng ngy cng tr
nn nghim trng, ng xung cp nhanh, nh hng ln n vic vn chuyn
hng ha t cng n cc khu vc khc trong c nc.
Cng Hi Phng, mc d c li th l cng duy nht trong c nc c h
thng vn ti ng st kt ni vi h thng ng st quc gia, nhng li cha tn
dng c li th ca mnh. S ng gp ca vn ti ng st trong vn vn
chuyn container mi ch dng mc 3% trong khi ng b b qu ti nghim
trng. Trong khi , nu ngnh ng st vn chuyn c khong 10% lng
container ti Hi Phng (khong 330 TEU/ngy m) th s gim khong 200 lt
t chy trn quc l 5 mi ngy. S ng gp hn ch ca vn ti ng st c th
c l gii do nguyn nhn tng cc ph vn ti ng st trn gi Hi PhngH Ni (120km) cao hn so vi mc cc vn ti bng ng b, trong khi lng
hng container ch yu c vn chuyn n H Ni.
3. C hi
S phc hi tc tng trng kinh t.
Tc tng G P 2005-2011
25.00%
20.00%

10.80%

11.2%

11.2%

10.00%

11.00%

10.90%

15.00%

10.10%
H Ni

6.70%
8.44%

8.23%

8.46%

5.00%

6.31%

5.32%

6.78%

C nc
5.89%

0.00%
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Trin vng pht trin kinh t Vit Nam nm 2012 (6-6,3% theo kch bn tt
v 5,5-5,9% theo kch bn xu), nm 2013 l 6,4-6,7%7, cho thy nn kinh t bt
6
7

Tng nng lc vn ti container bng ng st s gim ti cho ng b, bo ng st.

Kinh t Vit Nam giai on 2006-2011 v trin vng 2012-2015, TS L Xun Ngha.

48

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u c du hiu tng trng tr li t 2012, khin lu lng hng ha lu thng qua

cc cng bin Vit Nam, nhn chung c xu hng phc hi tc pht trin tr li.
Cng Cha V, cng vi quyt tm ca chnh quyn thnh ph v Cng Hi Phng
cng s khng nm ngoi quy lut , nm 2011, lng hng thng quan qua cng
t 6.1 triu tn, bng 1/3 lng hng ha thng qua ton Cng Hi Phng 2011
(17.55 triu tn). Nm 2012, Cng Hi Phng phn u t sn lng xp d hng
ha t 19 triu tn (tng 8.5% nm 2011).
Nn kinh t H Ni ng vai tr l nn kinh t u tu, thc y s pht trin
ca cc a phng khc khu vc min Bc, ng thi cng ng vai tr thc y
s tng trng lng hng ha thng quan qua cc cng bin khu vc min Bc.
Tc tng trng kinh t ca H Ni lun cao hn tc tng trng kinh t ca
c nc. Nm 2012, ban lnh o thnh ph t k hoch tng trng kinh t 10.5%,
cho thy nhn nh rng kinh t H Ni c du hiu phc hi tc tng trng tr
li vo nm nay.
D n xy dng cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng
D n xy dng c s h tng cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng (Lch
Huyn) c B Giao thng vn ti ph duyt d n u t xy dng (giai on
khi ng) vi ni dung ch yu l: xy dng 2 bn container di 600m cho tu
30.000 WT y ti, tu 50.000DWT gim ti ra, vo. 7/2010, trong bo co cui
k, T vn SAPROF chnh thc xut vi nh ti tr Nht Bn (JICA) v pha
Vit Nam cho php iu chnh quy m 2 bn khi ng thuc d n xy dng cng
ca ng quc t Hi Phng. Theo , tng chiu di bn l 750m, su trc bn 14m ; chun tc lung v vng quay tu m bo cho tu 100.000 DWT cp bn
lm hng gm: chiu di lung 17,4km (t phao s 0 n vng quay tu), chiu
rng lung 160m, cao y lung (no vt) -14m , ng knh vng quay tu
660m, khi lng no vt khong 32 triu m3; chn ct di 7600 c ko
xung su -5m, cao chn ct +2m; chn sng di 3150m, cao +6,5m;
tn to bi l 3,27 triu m3 v x l nn t yu l 660.660m2; tng mc u t

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50

18.796 t ng (vn vay ODA 15,522 t ng,vn i ng3.274tng)... Theo k

hoch, n nm 2015, cng Lch Huyn s c a vo khai thc8.
Xu hng hin nay trn th gii, cc hng vn ti ton cu s dng tu c
ln ngy cng ph bin nhm lm gim chi ph vn ti bin tnh trn 1 n v TEU.
n nm 2012, phn ln cc i tu container s l loi 100.000

WT. Nm 2015,

khi d n hon thnh, khi lng hng ha min Bc s thu ht cc tu

container 100.000 DWT cho tuyn xuyn Thi Bnh

ng. Trong khi , cng

container Cha V s kh c th p ng c yu cu chuyn ch, buc cc tu

container ln phi chuyn ti ti Cng Qung Ninh, lm tng chi ph chuyn ti,
gim sc hp dn ti ca cng. Cng Lch Huyn c a vo s dng, gim c
chi ph chuyn ti tu container i vo cng Cha V; cng nh tng xut khu
hng ha t min Bc sang M do gim c chi ph trung chuyn sang tu m ti
HongKong, Busan.

Hi Phng vi d n xy dng cng ca ng quc t Lch Huyn, catba.com.vn

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51

Xy dng nt giao thng Cha V- Nguyn Bnh Khim.

Ng ba ni ng Nguyn Bnh Khim (quc l 5)- L Thnh Tng v
ng 356 i nh V- Ct Hi- Ct B l nt giao thng quan trng bc nht thnh
ph, v l im kt ni gia cc tuyn ng huyt mch trong vic gii phng hng
qua h thng cng bin Hi Phng. S pht trin ca h thng cng bin ti Hi
Phng dn n lng phng tin chuyn ch tng nhanh, v vy, ng ba Cha VNguyn Bnh Khim lun trong tnh trng qu ti v thng xuyn xy ra n tc.
Thng k ca S Giao thng vn ti cho thy, ng ba ny c ti 40.000 lt xe lu
thng/ngy m ( quy i), ring xe siu trng, siu trng chim hn 10.000
xe/ngy m. Ni mt cch khc, hng ha thng qua cng bin Hi Phng bng
ng b qua ng ba ngy chim khong 80-90%.
Nhn thy c tm quan trng ca nt giao thng ny, Chnh ph ng
vi xut ca thnh ph Hi Phng, cho php xy dng nt giao thng Cha VNguyn Bnh Khim trn c s iu chnh d n ci to, nng cp ng 356 on
2A9. Sau khi ng t cao tc H Ni- Hi Phng hon thnh a vo khai thc
s kt hp vi nt giao thng Cha V- Nguyn Bnh Khim thnh trc ng hon
thin khi vn chuyn hng t cc cng Cha V, nh V i cc tnh, thnh khu vc
vng ng bng Bc B v ngc li.
4. Thch thc
S cnh tranh gia cc cng bin.
i th cnh tranh ca cng Cha V l cc cng khc trong h thng Cng
Hi Phng (XNXD cng Hong Diu, XNXD Vt Cch, XNXD Tn Cng, ...); cc
cng trong h thng Cng Qung Ninh (in hnh l cng Ci Ln),... Trong , i
th cnh tranh trc tip mnh nht phi k n cng Ci Ln (v container); cng
khng th khng ni n cng nh V, tuy mi c a vo hot ng trong mt
vi nm gn y, nhng s lng khch hng lin tc tng cao, cung cp cng dch
v vi cng Cha V v giao nhn container.
9

Xy dng nt giao thng Cha V- Nguyn Bnh Khim: gp phn gii phng hng qua h thng cng
bin,12/12/2011, http://www.hoaphuongdo.vn.

51

52

Cc i th cnh tranh tim nng: cng Lch Huyn, cc cng ty nh l c

thnh lp trn a bn tron tng lai.
S qun l ca nh nc trong lnh vc cng bin.
Ngy 25/7/2006, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 71/2006/N-CP v
qun l cng bin v lung hng hi. Theo nhn nh chung ca cc chuyn gia,
Ngh nh 71/2006/N-CP c tc ng tch cc i vi cc mt hot ng qun
l cng bin v lung hng hi nc ta; to c c s php l thun li i vi
hot ng qun l khai thc cng bin, ph hp vi quy nh ca cc iu c quc
t c lin quan, gp phn thc y tin trnh hi nhp vi hot ng ca cc cng
bin th gii.
Tuy nhin, hin nay, Ngh nh 71/2006/N- CP bc l nhiu bt cp,
thiu cc quy nh v qun l quy hoch cng bin, t tn cng bin, gim st thc
hin quy hoch, k hoch u t xy dng cng bin, bo v cng bin v lung
hng hi,... Nhng quy nh v vic cho thu khai thc tng phn hoc ton b kt
cu h tng bn cng, cu cng do nh nc u t bng ngun vn ngn sch nh
nc hoc c ngun gc t vn ngn sch nh nc cng bt u bc l nhiu
vng mc, gy kh cho hot ng ca doanh nghip. V qun l th tc tu thuyn
vo, ri cng bin, d c nh gi l to ra mt bc ci cch ln v th tc
hnh chnh i vi tu thuyn nhp cnh, xut cnh, n gin ha cc giy t phi
khai bo, np cho cc c quan qun l nh nc ti cng bin... nhng trong qu
trnh thc hin cho thy cn tip tc nghin cu ci cch th tc tu thuyn vo
cng, n gin ha th tc, giy t, biu mu; b sung cc trng hp min gim v
cc tu thuyn cng v khng cn tin hnh th tc...10
Bn cnh , cc cng bin Vit Nam ni chung v min Bc ni ring,
ch yu cnh tranh theo chin lc gi. Do s thiu qun l ca nh nc, hin ti,
mc gi dch v m cc cng bin a ra xung qu thp, khng b p cho cc
chi ph kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Bn thn gi dch v cng bin Vit Nam so
vi cc cng khc trong khu vc hin nay cng c nh gi l thp nht. Trong
10

Sa i Ngh nh 71 v qun l cng bin v lung hng hi: G kh cho doanh nghip, VPA

52

53

khi , u t ca cng bin rt ln, cng vi p lc tr li vay ngn hng, khng t

nh u t ang lo lng v kh nng hon tr vn vay v lm sao hot ng c li
trong tnh hnh gi dch v cng bin qu thp nh hin nay.

53

54

CHNG III: MT S GII PHP NNG CAO HIU QU VN TI

CONTAINER QUA CNG CHA V, HI PHNG.
I. Chin lc pht trin ca cng Cha V 2010- 2020, nh hng 2030.
Nhn chung, theo Quyt nh ph duyt chi tit nhm cng bin pha Bc n
nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030, 1741/Q -BGTVT; hn ch pht trin m
rng cc bn khu vc trn sng Cm, trong c cng Cha V, tng bc chuyn
i cng nng theo quy hoch ca thnh ph. Cng s ch u t chiu su khai
thc hiu qu cc tu c trng ti n 10000 WT. Nng lc thng qua d kin vo
nm 2015 t 23,6 triu tn/nm; n nm 2020 l 20 triu tn/nm v nm 2030
cn 18 triu tn/nm.
V quy hoch pht trin lung vo cng, duy tr lung, m bo tu 10000
DWT li dng mc nc ra vo cng thun li.

54

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II. Gii php nng cao hiu qu vn ti container qua cng Cha V, Hi
Phng.

C hi (O):

Thch thc (T):

- Xu hng container ha

- S cnh tranh gia cc

- S u t ca chnh ph,

cng bin

ngun vn O A

- S hn ch chung trong

- S phc hi tng trng

cng tc qun l cng bin

kinh t c nc

ca nh nc

- Cng container ln ca

- S dng hiu qu ngun

- Cng c v tr trn th

min bc

vn, thu ht u t pht trin

trng

- S lin kt vi cc cng

theo chiu su nhm nng cao

- Nng cao cht lng dch

trong khu vc min bc

cht lng dch v

- Cng ngh hin i

- Chuyn mn ha nng cao

- Phn ng nhanh vi nhng

nng sut

thay i trong chnh sch

- Tng cng cc hot ng

ca chnh ph

SWOT

im mnh (S):

xc tin thng mi, lin kt

cng bin
im yu (W):
- iu kin t nhin

- Thc hin cc d n u t

- Ci thin th tc hnh

- Quy trnh th tc phc

ci to, nng cp.

chnh

tp

- o to ngun nhn lc di

- Ci t li c cu lao ng

- Thiu lao ng chuyn

hn

theo hng n gin, hp l,

mn

- Minh bch ha th tc, thc

hiu qu

hin c ch mt ca, minh

- Xy dng chnh quyn

bch ha gi cc vn ti

cng

55

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1. Gii php vi m.
1.1. Tng cng hot ng u t.
Nhm phc v nhu cu lu thng hng ha ni chung v container ni ring
qua cng Cha V, cng nh nng cao hiu qu hot ng sn xut, cng lin tc
u t trang thit b, c s h tng. Trong nm 2012, cng tip tc y nhanh tin
v trin khai cc d n: ci to kt cu ta tu bn 1,2 v bn ph X nghip xp
d Cha V; xy dng bo co D n ko di bn Cha V v pha thng lu;
chun b trin khai u t khung cu container, d n u t xe nng hng
Reachstaker v trin khai thc hin nng cp cn 80 tn Cha V.
o c im t nhin ca cng Cha V ni ring v ca c Cng Hi Phng
ni chung, cng tc no vt lung lch phi c bit c ch trng u t. Thng
11/2011, Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi giao Giao thng vn ti duyt
n no vt lung Lch Huyn m bo su 7,2 m, p ng kh nng n tu
trng ti ln theo thit k vo cng. Ph Th tng cng cho php ng trc 200 t
ng vn k hoch nm 2012 thc hin theo quy nh d n h tng cp bch
theo quy nh. B Ti chnh, K hoch v u t tnh ton, cn i cp vn cho duy
tu, no vt n nh trong thi gian tip theo.
Ngoi ra, trong giai on ti, Chnh ph cng tin hnh d n xy mi tuyn
ng st t cng Cha V n khu cng nghip nh V; i tu, nng cp 3,6 km
ng st c t ga Hi Phng n cng Cha V.
Hin ti, tnh trng qu ti bi lu hng ti cng Cha V ngy cng tr nn
nghim trng khi m s lng container xin lu kho, lu bi ti cng ngy cng
tng. Trong thng 5/2010, lng container hng ng lnh nhp v v lu bi ti
cng Cha V ln n gn 1000 chic. Theo Gim c cng Cha V V Nam
Thng, th cc container hng ng lnh, phn ln l hng tm nhp v Vit Nam
ch ti xut i nc th ba hin ang gp kh khn trong vic chuyn i cho nn
ng ti cng. Nu nh trc y, container hng ng lnh ch lu bi t mt tun

56

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n di 15 ngy nhng hin nay s container ng lnh lu bi t 15 n 30 ngy

l 360 chic, cn hn 30 ngy c 60 chic. Trc y, cng Cha V b tr khu vc
R vi sc cha khong 400 cng-ten-n xp hng ng lnh, nhng hin ti ton
b cc khu R u cht cng, nn cng nh b tr thm khu vc B, E, vn l ch
xp hng kh, thm ch tn dng c khu xng c gii v khu thp nc xp
hng ng lnh. Trong khi , nhiu doanh nghip nhp hng ng lnh vn tip
tc xin c v cng Cha V, cn khch hng c hng ti cng li tip tc ngh
thm thi gian lu kho bi11.
o XNX

Cha V cng cn nng cao c s h tng h thng kho bi,

p ng nhu cu lu kho, lu bi ngy cng cao i vi container, c bit l cc

container lnh. Vi c th tiu th in, x nghip cng cn t ch v ngun in
cung cp cho h thng lm lnh trong kho cha container lnh, khi m vo nm
2009, cng phi thu 2 my pht in cng sut ln m bo cung cp in
cho kho cha ny.
1.2. Pht trin ngun nhn lc.
Hin nay Cng c hn 900 cn b cng nhn vin trong phn ln l lao
ng nam chim hn 75%. Lc lng lao ng phong ph c nhiu trnh , khi
lao ng tc tip tr hn khi lao ng gin tip ph hp vi iu kin lm vic.
tui bnh qun ca Cng l 40 tui. iu ny cha ph hp vi c th cng vic
xp d nng nhc, mang tnh ca kp v vy vn t ra l phi tr ho li lc lng
lao ng.
Nng cao cht lng lc lng lao ng v hiu qu s dng lao ng l mt
sc p ln. p ng vn ny, hng nm, x nghip t chc o to, nng
cao nng lc sn xut, qun l cho cn b cng nhn vin. Trong nm 2009, x
nghip t chc cho cn b cng nhn vin cc chng trnh o to nh: bi
dng chuyn mn nghip v, hc chnh tr, hc qun l chuyn mn nghip v
khc. C 2 hnh thc l o to: ti cng ty v c i nc ngoi:

11

Qu ti bi lu hng ti cng Hi Phng, Bo Nhn dn, 31/5/2010.

57

58

+ Trong o to ti cng ty th c o to mi v o to li, bi dng

chuynmn nghip v ngoi ng cho 225 ngi, 2 lp bi dng ngoi ng bt
buc cho 30 ngi.
+ o to ti cc trng , cc t chc khc trong nc: 15 ngi trong thi
gian 2 nm.
+ i cng tc nc ngoi (i hc qun l, chuyn mn, nghip v, i d
hi tho, hc tp, cng tc khc): 40 ngi.
Bn cnh , x nghip cng t chc cc cuc thi, din tp cho nhn vin
nh: din tp phng chy cha chy v an ninh cng bin (nm 2008); hi thi tay
ngh gii (11/2011), hi thao x nghip hng nm. Khng ch cc chng trnh sn
xut, m cc chng trnh vui chi gii tr, v ngi ngho,... Cc hot ng khng
ch nhn c s quan tm, ng h ca ban lnh o x nghip m cn c ban lnh
o Cng; qua thnh cng tt p v l mt trong nhng hot ng tinh thn
khng th thiu ca x nghip, gip nng cao tay ngh v to tinh thn thi ua trong
ton x nghip.
Tuy nhin, trung bnh tui cn b cng nhn vin trong x nghip l
khong 40 tui, y l tui kh ln v khng thch hp vi c th cng vic ch
yu v hot ng xp d, vn chuyn hng ha (i hi phi c sc khe tt). o ,
vn quan trng i vi x nghip l phi tr ha lc lng lao ng, bng cch
tng cng tuyn dng ngun lao ng tr, c ch hp l khuyn khch nhn
vin ln tui, khng nng lc p ng yu cu cng vic v hu sm. X nghip,
cng c th lin kt vi cc trng i hc nh: i hc Hng Hi, i hc Hi
Phng,....trong cc chng trnh o to, to iu kin cho sinh vin thc tp, lm
vic thc t ti cng, v bng nhiu bin php gn kt sinh vin vi x nghip; qua
, tuyn dng c nhng sinh vin c nng lc lm vic, p ng yu cu
ngy cng cao ca cng vic.

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Vi nhng cng nhn lao ng trc tip, x nghip c th khuyn khch hnh
thc lao ng ti ch, theo , nhng nhn vin c kinh nghim s l nhng ngi
thy trc tip hng dn, truyn th kinh nghim cho cc nhn vin mi.
1.3. M rng hot ng xc tin thng mi.
X nghip cng Cha V c nhiu on cng tc n cc nc trong khu
vc ng Nam v cc tnh t Bc vo Nam tm kim bn hng, kho st nh
gi v k kt c nhiu hp ng vn chuyn, xp d. C th ni, hot ng
marketing ca doanh nghip ngy cng c ch trng v nng cao cht lng, hiu
qu hot ng. Tuy nhin, hot ng marketing ca doanh nghip tht s pht
trin bn vng, x nghip cn tin hnh marketing trn nhiu phng tin, c bit
trn internet. Hin ti, cng Cha V vn cha xy dng c cho mnh mt
website ring, iu m cng Ci Ln hay Tn Cng Si Gn, hay gn hn l cng
nh V lm v lm rt tt. Cc thng tin v tnh hnh hot ng ca x nghip,
v cc d n u t pht trin,... vn cha c cng b rng ri nhm qung b
hnh nh ca x nghip. o , trc mt, x nghip cn a nhiu thng tin hn v
hot ng ca mnh trn internet, c th trn trang web ca Cng Hi Phng, dn
dn tin ti xy dng trang web chuyn dng ring.
2.1.4. Nng cao cht lng dch v.
Hin nay, c mt tnh trng chung trong h thng cng bin Vit Nam, cng
Cha V ang theo ui chin lc gi thp m cha ch trng n cht lng dch
v. Trong nhng nm qua Cng lun c gng i mi, mua sm trang i mi trang
thit b hin i, nng cao nng lc ca i ng cn b cng nhn vin phc v nhu
cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng, ca th trng nhng vn cn mt s vn
nh: mt s phng tin thit b c k lc hu, hoc khng ng nht cng ngh
vi nhau, mt s cn b cng nhn vin cn tnh trng tiu cc xy ra, da dm
thiu nng ng, trnh khng p ng c yu cu ca khch hng lm nh
hng n hnh nh ca cng ty. Cn b qun l i khi cn cha p ng c
yu cu qun l, iu hnh dn n hin tng tha thiu cng nhn. Vic phi hp
kim tra nht l cc khu vc chuyn ti v qu trnh vn chuyn bng x lan cha

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tt dn ti t l hao ht cn cao, vn cn tnh trng lm sai quy trnh xp d gy tn

tht hng ho ca ch hng v thit hi cho cng.
2. Gii php v m.
2.1. Hon thin h thng h tng giao thng.
Nh phn tch trn, tnh trng qu ti giao thng tr thnh vn cn
tr cho s pht trin ca cng Cha V, nng cao h tng giao thng hin ang l
vn cp bch cho s pht trin ca cng ni ring v Cng Hi Phng ni chung.
c bit, mt trong nhng vn cn t ra l y nhanh tin d n ng cao
tc H Ni- Hi Phng, nhanh chng xy dng nt giao thng ng ba Nguyn Bnh
Khim- nh V, nhanh chng trin khai d n nng cp h thng ng st thuc
tuyn Hi Phng- Lo Cai, Hi Phng- H Ni.
Tuyn ng cao tc H Ni- Hi Phng c th ni l tuyn ng quan
trng gip nng cao hiu qu lu thng hng ha gia H Ni, Hi Phng, v mt
s tnh khc. Tuy nhin, d n ang b chm tin trin khai do nhng vng mc
trong khu gii phng mt bng mt s a phng.

o , vn trc mt l

cn tho g nhng vng mc trong gii phng mt bng. Ngoi ra, B Giao thng
Vn ti cng cn a ra mc ph hp l cng nhng bin php kim tra, qun l
vic vn chuyn hng ha trn quc l 5 nhm hng cc doanh nghip vn ti s
dng tuyn ng khi hon thnh, trnh nhng sai lm nh trn tuyn H Ch
Minh- Trung Lng trong thi gian va qua.
Song song vi vic pht trin ng b, Chnh ph cng cn c nhng bin
php nhm pht trin h thng vn ti ng st, va gp phn gim ti cho giao
thng ng b, va gp phn hon thin phng thc vn ti a phng thc ti
Vit Nam. Theo B Giao thng Vn ti, Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam hon
chnh n "Vn chuyn container bng ng st gim ti cho ng b". Theo
, l trnh thc hin c chia thnh 2 giai on. Trong , giai on 1 (20122013): xy dng phng n t chc vn chuyn container qu ti v container 40'
nhm gim ti cho quc l 5, quc l 70 gp phn m bo an ton giao thng trn

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cc tuyn ng ny. Giai on 2 (2014-2015), tip tc thc hin cc gii php

nng cao nng lc vn chuyn container, t chc vn chuyn container bng ng
st hiu qu. Trc mt s thc hin vic chuyn ch container bng ng st trn
tuyn Hi Phng- Lo Cai v Hi Phng- Yn Vin (Gia Lm, H Ni).
Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam d tnh vi mt on tu hng chuyn
ch container bng ng st t ga Lo Cai ti ga Hi Phng (v ngc li) s l 32
TEU (bao gm 10 toa ch container 20' v 6 toa ch container 40').

o , mt

on tu chuyn ch container s tng ng vi khong 20 xe t. Tng cng ty

ng st Vit Nam d kin trong nm 2012-2013, ngnh m nhn vn chuyn
khong 30% container nng nhp loi 40' (100 container/ngy) v 10% container
nng nhp loi 20' (35 container/ngy) t Cng Hi Phng i12. Tuy nhin, thc
hin c iu ny, cn c s qun l cht ch trong vic vn chuyn container
bng ng b.
2.2. Hon thin cng tc qun l nh nc trong lnh vc cng bin.
Ngh nh 71 ca Chnh ph, nh ni trn, hin nay khng cn ph hp
cho cng tc qun l cng bin.

o , vn cp thit hin nay l cn nhanh

chng xy dng Ngh nh sa i Ngh nh 71 ca Chnh ph nhm to iu kin

hn na cho doanh nghip. Theo , cc quy nh khng cn ph hp s c sa
i, quy nh r cc vn thiu c th, iu chnh cc quy nh chng cho, b
sung thm cc quan h php l mi pht sinh. C th, theo ng Trn Thanh Minh,
Ph Cc trng Cc Hng hi Vit Nam, d tho Ngh nh s sa i nhng quy
nh xung quanh vn quy hoch pht trin cng bin; t chc qun l khai thc
cng bin (bn cng, cu cng); trch nhim qun l lung hng hi, trong c
lung hng hi thuc kt cu h tng cng cng cng bin; ng dng cng ngh
thng tin trong khai bo th tc hnh chnh ti cng bin v mt s quy nh khc
cn c sa i ph hp.
Cc quy nh v cho thu khai thc bn cng, cu cng c u t bng vn
nh nc; qun l, khai thc lung hng hi; dch v hoa tiu hng hi; bo m an
12

ng st vn chuyn container, gim ti ng b. VNA, 20/3/2012, www.mt.gov.vn

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ton hng hi, an ninh cng bin v phng nga nhim mi trng t hot ng
hng hi; th tc khai bo tu thuyn n, ri cng bin; tu thuyn nc ngoi qu
cnh lnh th Vit Nam qua sng Tin n Campuchia v ngc li; trch nhim
ca doanh nghip cng bin; phi hp qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh ti cng
bin... cng s c quy nh c th hn. c bit, nhng chng cho trong vic
gii quyt th tc tu thuyn Vit Nam hot ng trong nc khi vo, ri cng bin;
lp v trin khai k hoch iu ng tu ca cng v hng hi; vic thanh tra, kim
tra, gim st, gim h, gim qun i vi hot ng hng hi ti cng bin s c
iu chnh ph hp. Cng theo ng Minh,

tho Ngh nh s b sung ni dung

qun l nh nc v cng bin v lung hng hi, thu khai thc bn cng, cu cng
bin c u t bng vn nh nc; th tc khai bo i vi tu thuyn Vit Nam
(khng phi l tu bin) hot ng trong nc khi vo, ri cng bin; u t, xy
dng v a vo s dng cng, bn thy ni a, cng c trong vng nc cng
bin...13
2.3. Nng cao vai tr ca hip hi cng bin Vit Nam- VPA.
VPA cn nng cao hn na vai tr ca mnh trong vic phi hp gia cc
cng trong Hip hi cht ch hn, ngay c trong lin kt u t nhm cng nhau v
mt mc tiu chung l pht trin n nh v bn vng. Hip hi cn thng xuyn
phi hp vi cc n v c chc nng m cc lp tp hun hoc o to ngn v di
hn cho i ng qun l v lc lng lao ng trong khi cng tip cn kp thi vi
nhng thay i mi v nng cao trnh khai thc cng ngy cng tt hn, trong
c bit o to nghip v v dch v logictic. Hin nay, mc gi ti h thng cng
min

c mang tnh t pht, cc doanh nghip t mnh a ra mc gi ring. S

thiu thng nht chung dn n suy gim li nhun, thm ch l l ca khng ch

i vi cng Cha V m cn nhiu cng khc trong khu vc.

o , bn cnh cc

quy nh ca Chnh ph, VPA cng cn gi vai tr iu tit gi dch v cng bin
mt cch hp l, trnh tnh trng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh gia cc cng bin.

13

Sa i Ngh nh 71 v qun l cng bin v lung hng hi: G kh cho doanh nghip, VPA

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2.4. Quy hoch xy dng trung tm logistic cho khu vc min bc.
Trn thc t, cc doanh nghip cung ng dch v logistics v cc nh khai
thc cng bin khng c s ph thuc nhau v mt t chc, c cu. Tuy nhin, cc
hot ng dch v logistics v cc hot ng bc xp hng ha ti cng bin li c
quan h hu c, cht ch.

o hot ng ca cc doanh nghip trn c quan h

cht ch vi nhau.
Hin nay, cc doanh nghip hot ng v lnh vc logistics ca tnh ni ring
v c nc ni chung vn cn yu v thiu. Quy m ca cc nh cung cp dch v
logistics Vit Nam cn nh b. Cc cng ty logistics ca Vit Nam ch yu l lm
i l cho cc cng ty ln xuyn quc gia ca nc ngoi hoc ch mi thc hin
tng cng on ca qu trnh hot ng logistics. Nng lc cung cp dch v
logistics trn gi cn nhiu hn ch, hu nh khng c mt nh cung cp dch v
logistics no c kh nng cung cp dch v vn chuyn xuyn sut trn ton lnh
th Vit Nam kt ni vi th trng quc t vi chi ph cnh tranh m phi qua cc
nh cung cp dch v ca tng chng. Thm vo , dch v logistics ni a cha
c ch trng pht trin, cht lng dch v cha cao.
Trong khi , cc nc chu u c nhng trung tm chuyn v dch v
logistics thu ht khch hng a hng v cng. c bit, cc doanh nghip hot
ng trong lnh vc ny khng cnh tranh v gi m ch cnh tranh bng vic nng
cao cht lng dch v nh: u t v quy m, nng cao nng lc cho i ng qun
l v ngun nhn lc chuyn mn su. Ti cc trung tm, cc cng u c t chc
qun l thng nht hot ng logistics. y l vn cn lm ngay ca khu vc
min c, l iu kin cn thit cho s pht trin.
2.2.5. Xy dng chnh quyn cng.
Chnh quyn cng l mt t chc c xy dng ph bin ti cc quc gia c
h thng cng bin pht trin nhm xy dng h thng qun l hot ng khai thc
cng bin mt cch c hiu qu. Chnh quyn cng l t chc nh nc, thuc chnh
quyn thnh ph, c vai tr nh mt c quan dch v cng, hot ng kinh doanh
theo c ch th trng, di s gim st ca an gim st. M hnh hot ng ca
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chnh quyn cng theo kiu ch cng (Landlord Ports): Nh nc s hu, u t

xy dng cng v cc cng trnh h tng phc v cng (lung hng hi v h thng
VTS, ng vo cng,); cc cng ty t nhn u thu khai thc qun l cng v
u t cc cng trnh trn cng (nh vn phng, kho bi, thit b bc xp ti bn v
bi, cc thit b khc phc v cho hot ng ca cng)14. Chnh quyn thnh ph
cung cp kinh ph u t xy dng c s h tng cng bin, lung hng hi, duy tu
bo dng c s h tng cng bin,.... Chnh quyn cng chu trch nhim ton b
cc yu cu v c s h tng giao thng v h tng k thut trong vng cng bo
m cho hot ng tip nhn tu v vn chuyn hng ha; kt ni vi mng giao
thng v mng h tng k thut chung ca quc gia; bo m mi vn lin quan
n mi trng. Chnh quyn a phng c th quyt nh mt s k hoch pht
trin m rng, ci to ln v Chnh quyn cng thc thi k hoch . Chnh quyn
cng c th t mnh thc hin mt s k hoch u t, ci to va v nh.
Vi nhng u im k trn, m hnh chnh quyn cng ang c xut
xy dng th im ti Ra - Vng Tu, v trong tng lai khng xa, s tr thnh
m hnh kiu mu cho s pht trin ca cng bin Vit Nam.

an lnh o x

nghip cn c nhng bc chun b c th theo kp vi s thay i k trn.

14

Theo Thnh lp trung tm logistics: Nng cao gi tr cho h thng cng bin, www.vpa.org.vn
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Kt lun
L mt trong nhng ca ng lu thng quan trng ca c nc, cng vi
Cng Hi Phng, cng Cha V v ang ng gp vo s pht trin kinh t ca
min Bc ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung. Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh hi nhp
kinh t quc t ngy cng su rng m ko theo l s tng ln nhanh chng ca
lng hng ha lu thng qua cng, cng vi l qu trnh "container ha" ngy
cng tr nn mnh m, cng Cha V- vi t cch l mt trong nhng cng
container ln nht c nc dng nh cha theo kp s pht trin . Vi nhng
yu km c v c s vt cht ln cng tc qun l ca khng ch bn thn cng
Cha V m cn c trong quy hoch ca nh nc, cn tr khng nh n s
pht trin ca Cng Hi Phng cng nh nh hng n s pht trin ca t nc.
Trong bi nghin cu a ra thc trng, ch ra im mnh, im yu cng nh c
hi, thch thc i vi cng Cha V v a ra mt s gii php nhm khc phc
mt s hn ch t pha x nghip. Bn cnh , bi nghin cu cng xin a ra mt
s gii php cho nh nc nhm pht trin cng bin ni chung, nhng gii php
cng c nhng tc ng ng k n s pht trin ca cng Cha V. Tuy nhin,
vi iu kin hn ch v thi gian, kin thc v kh nng ca bn thn, ti khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st nht nh. Rt mong c s ch bo ca thy c
ti hon thin hn.

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Ti liu tham kho

- Gio trnh: vn ti v giao nhn trong hot ng ngoi thng, H Ngoi Thng.
- Qu ti bi lu hng ti cng Hi Phng, Bo Nhn dn, 31/5/2010.
- Xy dng nt giao thng Cha V- Nguyn

nh Khim: gp phn gii phng

hng qua h thng cng bin,12/12/2011, http://www.hoaphuongdo.vn

- Hi Phng: h thng cng ang dn hon thin. 20/06/2011, www.baomoi.com.
- Tng nng lc vn ti container bng ng st s gim ti cho ng b,
ng st
- ng nh gi tnh hnh sn xut kinh doanh ca XNX Cha V nm 2010.
- www.vinamarine.gov.vn
- www.haiphongport.com
-www.vpa.org.vn
-www.mt.gov.vn

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