Anh ly mt v d em tin theo di.

Gi s em c ct s liu nh sau (cch nhp s liu xem nh em bit nghen):

pH thi gian hot tnh 1.2 5 3.752 1.2 10 3.864 1.8 5 4.021 1.8 10 4.033 2.4 5 5.166 2.4 10 5.151 3.0 5 5.728 3.0 10 5.733 3.6 5 4.895 3.6 10 4.886 4.2 5 4.394 4.2 10 4.321 Tc l kho st hoat_tinh theo 2 thng s pH v thoi_gian. Yu t pH thay i trong khong 1.2 n 4.2 (bc nhy 0.6). Yu t thoi_gian thay i hai mc: 5 pht v 10 pht. Trc tin ta phi phn tch ANOVA xem tng tc ca cc yu t.

Vo menu [Compare], chn Analysis of Variance, chn tip Multifactor ANOVA (tc l phn tch phng sai nhiu yu t, nu ch c mt yu t tc ng vo kt qu th chn One-way ANOVA.

Bng Multifactor ANOVA hin ra, chn hm mc tiu a vo Dependent Variable (hm mc tiu c xem nh bin ph thuc vo cc yu t khc). Tng t, chn cc yu t tc ng ln

hm mc tiu a vo Factors (chn tng yu t ct bn tri v a vo tng ng nhp ln biu tng mi tn /). Sau nhp chn OK. Kt qu hin ra nh sau:

Nhp chn biu tng Tabular Options (biu tng th 2 t tri sang trong ca s Multifactor ANOVA, nn mu vng), nh du chn ANOVA Table v nhp OK.

Bng ANOVA Table s xut hin v xp bn di bng Analysis Summary. Phng to ca s Multiple ANOVA quan st bng ANOVA.

Trong cc php kim nh thng k, thng ngi ta chp nhn mc ngha 5% ( tin cy tng ng l 95%), hoc 1% ( tin cy tng ng l 99%). Quan st ct p-value, nu yu t no c gi tr p-value nh hn 0.05 (tc l <5%) th yu t mang ngha thng k (tc l bt buc c gi li trong m hnh hi qui). Mc nh khi ta chn phn tch ANOVA Table th bng phn tch ch trnh by tng tc n, tc l tng yu t ring l tc ng ln hm mc tiu th no. Nu mun xem xt cc tng tc i, tng tc ba th lm nh sau:

Trn nn ca Analysis of Variance, nhp phi chut v chn Analysis Option,

Trong Maximum Order Interaction, g vo 2 hoc 3 xem xt cc tng tc i hoc tng tc ba c nh hng th no ln m hnh ang xt. Phn StatAdvisor s cho ta bit yu t no tc ng ln m hnh ng k mc ngha kho st (tc l tc ng c ngha) v yu t no tc ng ln m hnh khng ng k mc ngha kho st (tc l tc ng khng c ngha, c th loi b khi m hnh m hnh gn nh hn). Mc tiu ca phn tch ANOVA l nh hng trc cho phn tch hi quy, tc l trong m hnh hi quy s a ra th yu t no tc ng ng k.

Sau y ta sang phn phn tch hi quy xc nh phng trnh hi quy: Vo menu [Relate] chn Multiple regression (tc l hi quy a bin- nhiu yu t tc ng vo mt hm mc tiu).

Trong ca s nh Mutiple Regression, ta a hm mc tiu vo Dependent Variable, cc yu t tc ng c a vo Independent Variable (tng t thao tc phn phn tch ANOVA) v sau nhp OK. Chng trnh s tnh ton v a ra bng kt qu, trong c phng trnh hi quy.

Nu ta chp nhn m hnh hi quy ny, ta tin hnh v ln th. Cch lm nh sau: Copy phng trnh hi quy t ca s Multiple Regression, vo menu [Plot] chn Response Surfaces, dn vo Function ca ca s Response Surfaces.

Tip theo, thay i cc bin bng cc k hiu X v Y ng thi xc nh khong bin thin ca tng bin s (tc l khong dao ng ca gi tr thng s th nghim). Trong th d ny, ta thay th pH bi X v thoi_gian bi Y ng thi xc nh khong dao ng ca X t 1.2 n 4.2, Y t 5 n 10 (lu xa dng ch hm_mc_tiu = u phng trnh)

Tip theo ta nhp chn OK. Trn ca s Response Surfaces hin ra, ta nhp vo biu tng Graphics Options (biu tng th 3 t tri sang, c hnh th trn nn mu xanh).

Tip theo, chn Surface Plot trnh by th dng mt cong trong khng gian 3 chiu. Nu chn thm ty chn Contour Plot, th s trnh by cc min chiu t mt cong xung mt phng ta . Nhp i vo vng th phng to n ra.

Ta c th chnh sa th trc khi copy n qua Word. Trc ht, phng to ca s th. Trn thanh cng c ca ca s Response Surfaces, ta nhp chn biu tng Smooth/Rotate (th 8 t tri sang). Sau khi nhp chn, bn phi ca n s xut hin hai biu tng cho php xoay th theo hai phng ngang v dc n v tr thch hp vi tm nhn.

Cc tiu ca th u c th c chnh sa v font, hng sp t. Ch cn nhp phi chut vo i tng cn iu chnh v chn Text Options

 y, th ch l mt mt phng do trong qu trnh xy dng phng trnh hi quy, ta ch a vo cc yu t bc 1. c c mt cong, ta a vo thm cc yu t bc 2 (tc l tng tc gia 2 yu t vi nhau, chng hn pH*pH, pH*thoi_gian, thoi_gian*thoi_gian). Tt nhin, vic a vo cc yu t bc cao cn ty thuc vo phn tch ANOVA. Nu cc tng tc ny tht s c ngha th ta hy a vo m hnh hi quy. Nu ngc li, chng khng mang ngha thng k (tc gi tr p-value ln hn mc ngha 5%) th vic a chng vo m hnh s lm cho m hnh nng n hn trong khi mc chnh xc cng khng tng ln bao nhiu. Tm li, iu cn nh trong khi s dng StatGraphics l gi tr p-value. Nu gi tr ny ln hn 0.05 (tc 5%) th yu t tng ng nn loi ra khi m hnh. iu ny s c khuyn co trong phn StatAdvisor.