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Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm

ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 1
TNG QUAN
1.1. Tng quan sn phm mt qu

- Mt qu l cc sn phm ch bin t qu ti hoc t qu bn ch phm (pur qu, nc qu,


qu sunfit ho) nu vi ng n kh 65-70%.
- ng cho vo mt qu khng ch tng v ngt m cn bo qun sn phm. T bo vi
sinh vt trng thi co nguyn sinh nn b ngng hot ng. V vy nhiu loi mt nu xong
c th khng cn thanh trng. Mt s loi mt khc c kh thp hn cn phi thanh trng
vi thi gian ngn, ch yu dit nm men, nm mc, ch yu dit nm men, nm mc,
cn vi khun khng pht trin trong mt qu, l mi trng c acid cao.
- Phn ln cc loi mt cn c ng nht nh. Cht to ng c sn trong qu l pectin.
Trng hp cn tng ng ca sn phm, ngi ta pha thm pectin bt, pectin c c,
agar-agar (thch) hoc cc loi qu giu pectin (nh to).
- Agar-agar ch bin t rau cu, c ng cao, vi nng 0,2% n c kh nng lm
ng, khng cn phi c ng v acid. Nu un nng lu trong mi trng acid, ng
ca agar-agar b gim. Agar-agar t tan trong nc lnh, nhng n ht nc v n ra, trong
nc nng n to thnh dung dch keo v to ng.
- Pectin ch c tc dng to ng trong mi trng acid, v cc keo pectin mang in tch m b

cc ion H+ ca mi trng acid trung ho v ng t. Pectin ng tt trong mi trng c


acid khong 1% tng ng vi ch s pH t 3,2 n 3,4. ng cho vo mt cng c tc
dng tng ng. Nng ng trong mt cn t gn nng khong 55 - 60%.
- Trong qu trnh tn tr, mt dn dn b va, thot u trn mt ri lan dn ra. Nu bo qun
nhit thp, sn phm c pH di 2,8 v c nhiu tp cht, hoc b tc ng c hc,
mt cng chng b va hn.
- Mt qu c ch bin nhiu dng, c th phn loi thnh cc dng sau:
Mt ng

Mt rim

Mt nhuyn

Mt kh

Mt ming ng

Mt ng

- Mt du thuc loi mt nhuyn dng jam, s dng c tht qu v nc qu lm nguyn

liu. Tng quan nguyn liu cn dng cho sn phm mt du l:


- Du ty (s dng c tht qu ncta v pure dch nc qu)
1

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Pectin to ng do bn thn du ty khng c hm lng pectin cao.


- ng gip to v ngt v lm tng hm lng cht kh, bo qun v gp phn to ng.
- Acid gip to pH ti u h tr cho pectin.
1.2. Tng quan nguyn liu
1.2.1.

Du
-

Du ty (danh php khoa hc: Fragaria) hay cn gi l du t


l mt chi cy thuc h Hoa hng (Rosaceae) cho qu c
nhiu ngi a chung. Du ty xut x t chu M v c
cc nh lm vn chu u cho lai to vo th k 18 to nn
ging du ty c trng rng ri hin nay.

Qu du ty l mt loi qu gi; ngha l phn ci tht khng


phi bt ngun t cc bu nhy (l cc "ht" m ngi thng

Hnh Du ty

thng nhn thy, trn thc t chng l mt dng qu b) m t

ci mc y ca phn cung gi cc bu nhy. T quan im ca thc vt hc, cc ht


l qu tht s ca thc vt, v phn ci tht mng nc ca du ty l cc m hoa b bin
i. N c mu xanh lc nh trng khi cn non v tr thnh mu ( phn ln cc loi) khi
chn.
Bng Thnh phn ha hc ca du ty

Qu du ty thng c s dng lm cc mn trng ming. Du ty giu vitamin C v


l ngun cung cp di do cc cht flavonoit cn thit cho c th.

Trong qu du c cha nhiu loi vitamin nh vitamin A, B1, B2 c bit l hm lng


vitamin C v ng fructose u rt cao, bn cnh hm lng cht khong nh K, Na,
Fe... cng rt phong ph, cho nn n nhiu du ty gip thc y chuyn ha cc cht trong
2

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

c th, lm mu huyt lu thng, ng thi c tc dng trn tnh an thn, tng sc khng,
chng nhim trng, nhim c, cm cm v chng stress. Vi ngi ht thuc l hay ngi
ht thuc l th ng, cc acid hu c c trong du ty c hiu qu gim nh tc hi ca
thuc l cho c th.
Bng Thnh phn dinh dng ca qu du ty

1.2.2.

ng

- ng cho vo phi ln hn 50% so vi khi lng nguyn liu. ng gip to gel tt, to

v ngt cho sn phm, ngn chn s pht trin cu vi sinh vt trong qu trnh bo qun. Nn
s dng ng ct trng, khng s dng ng vng lm nh hng n mu sc v mi cu
sn phm. Loi ng s dng cho sn phm mt du l saccharose.
- C th thay mt phn ng bng siro ng hoc mt ong c mu sng. Tuy nhin khng

c thay th hon ton v s lm che mt hng t nhin cu qu du.


1.2.3.

Pectin

- Pectin l thnh phn t nhin c sn trong tri du, c hnh thnh do s thu phn

Protopectin trong qu trnh chn cu qu du. Pectin l thnh phn quan trng hnh thnh
gel. Pectin to gel tt nht khi qu va chn ti, qu cha chn hoc chn qu s rt kh to
gel. Lng pectin trong du thng c hm lng thp, do khi ch bin phi b sung thm
pectin.
3

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- S dng pectin cho mt ng c cc u im:


C th s dng tri du cha chn ti hoc chn qu a vo sn xut.Vic b sung pectin
c th khc phc c chn cu tri du khng thch hp.Nh qu trnh sn xut t
ph thuc vo ma v.
Rt ngn thi gian nu trong qu trnh ch bin.Ch ng hn trong sn xut.
Hiu qu sn xut cao.
- M s quc t cu Pectin l E440
- Mt s loi pectin thng phm:

Pectin

DE

c tnh

ng dng

CF201

68-72%

To gel nhanh

SS>58%,p H 2.9-3.3

CF301

65-70%

To gel v

SS>58%,p H 2.9-3.3

CF401

60-64%

To gel chm

SS>58%,p H 2.9-3.3

CF501

56-62%

To gel rt chm

SS>58%,p H 2.9-3.3

SS : ng
DE : ch s dextrin

1.2.4.

Acid

- Acid cng l thnh phn quan trong trong vic hnh thnh gel cho sn phm. Trong du c

mt lng acid ng k, tuy nhin cn thm vo mt lng acid a p H 3-3.5, pH thch


hp to gel ca pectin.

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 2
LP LUN KINH T
2.1. Nguyn tc chn a im xy dng nh my
-

Nh my mt du c xy dng gn ngun nguyn liu: nguyn liu s dng l du


ti. chn ca du v cc ch tiu v sinh, cm quan l yu t cn quan tm. Do ,
cn chn a im xy dng nh my gn vng nguyn liu m bo ti chn
ca nguyn liu.

Din tch khu t chn phi rng, thong, c tim nng pht trin kinh t

Nh my phi c t gn mng li giao thng quc gia, gn ng b, ng st,


sn bay, cng... tin cho vic vn chuyn v tiu th sn phm. Mt khc, cc nguyn
liu ph nh ng, pectin, acid citric cng cn c thu mua, vn chuyn t cc vng
khc nn yu t giao thng cn ch trng.

Nh my phi c t gn ni cung cp nhin liu, kh t, in, nc...

Nh my phi t gn khu dn c tn dng c mt ngun lao ng di do.

a hnh khu t phi bng phng, khng b ng nc li vo ma ma, thot nc d


dng. Kh hu ca vng phi ph hp vi tnh hnh sn xut ca nh my.

Phi m bo vn v mi trng, an ninh trt t v quc phng.

Ni xy dng nh my phi c s cho php v ng h ca cc c quan a phng.

2.2. Phng php la chn a im


2.2.1.

Phn tch nhn t la chn a im

a. Mc ch xy dng nh my
-

Mt du l mt sn phm ch yu c sn xut theo quy m h gia nh vi nng sut


thp. Tc th ha tng nhanh, dn s pht trin mnh, nhp sng hin i i hi
s thay i trong tp qun n ung, thi quen s dng cc sn phm n lin, thc phm
ch bin sn ngy cng ph bin. Do , mt qu ni chung, mt du ni ring cng
ng gp mt v tr quan trng trong vic a dng ha cc sn phm ch bin sn.

Theo xu th cng nghip ha v chnh sch pht trin ca nh nc, c gng a nh


my xy dng a im cc KCN. Li ch ca KCN l tit kim chi ph xy dng cc
cng trnh ph, c h tr v thu, gi xy dng, ngun lao ng v c s in,
nc...
5

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Xy dng nh my mt du gip gii quyt vic lm, a dng ha sn phm, p ng


nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng trong thi i mi.

b. Cc nhn t chnh nh hng quyt nh n vic xy dng nh my

Ngun nguyn liu

Giao thng vn ti

Ngun lao ng

Th trng tiu th sn phm

a hnh v c im khu t

Ngun in - nc

c. Phng php nh gi vic cho im


Bng - nh gi mc quan trng ca cc nhn t

Nhn t chnh
Ngun nguyn liu
Giao thng vn ti
Ngun lao ng
Th trng tiu th
a hnh v c im khu t
Ngun in
Ngun nc

TV1
9
8
7
9
5
7
8

TV2
8
8
8
8
5
7
8

TV3
8
7
7
7
6
6
7

TV4
9
7
8
8
7
5
8

TV5
8
9
6
7
7
7
8

TNG
42
39
36
39
30
32
39

%
16
15
14
15
12
12.5
15

Bng - Gi tr nh hng ca tng nhn t

Cc nhn t chnh
1. Ngun nguyn liu (16%)
2. Giao thng vn ti (15%)
3. Ngun lao ng (14%)
4. Th trng tiu th (15%)
5. c im khu t (12%)

6. Ngun in (12.5%)
7. Ngun nc (15%)

Cc yu t nh hng
Khong cch n vng nguyn liu chnh (13%)
Khong cch n vng nguyn liu ph (3%)
ng thy (5%)
ng b (10%)
Gi thu lao ng (7%)
Vng tuyn lao ng (7%)
Khong cch n th trng tiu th (11%)
Cnh tranh (4%)
Cu trc nn t (9%)
L lt (3%)
Qua mng li chung (10.5%)
Qua trm pht ring (2%)
Gi nc cp (5%)
6

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

c im ca ngun nc (10%)
2.2.2.

Thu thp thng tin

a. a im 1: KCN Bin Ha II
Bng Thng tin v KCN Bin Ha II

c im

V tr a l

Khong cch n cc
v tr quan trng

Chi tit
- Thuc a bn tnh ng Nai, mt trong cc vng kinh t trng
im pha Nam v l a phng tp trung rt nhiu KCN ca c
nc.
- Nm trn quc l 1A thuc phng Long Bnh, Thnh ph Bin
Ha, tnh ng Nai. Nm gip vi Trung tm Siu th BigC.
- Pha Ty Bc gip Quc l 1.
- Pha ng Bc gip Quc l 15A.
- Pha Ty Nam gip Quc l 51 (giao l ng Nai Tp.H Ch
Minh Vng Tu).
- Cch thnh ph Bin Ha 5 km.
- Cch Tp.HCM khong 25 km v hng ng Bc.
- Cch Tp.Vng Tu khong 90 km.
- Cch Cng Ph M 44 km.
- Cch Cng Si Gn 30 km.
- Cch Cng ng Nai 2 km.
- Cch Ga Si Gn 28 km.

b. a im 2: KCN Bin Ha I
Bng Thng tin v KCN Bin Ha I

c im

V tr a l

Din tch

Khong cch n cc
v tr quan trng

Chi tit
- Thuc tnh ng Nai, mt trong cc vng kinh t trng im
pha Nam v l a phng tp trung rt nhiu khu cng nghip
ca c nc.
- Mt mt gip Quc l 1, tuyn giao thng Bc Nam v im
giao l gia ng Nai Tp. H Ch Minh Vng Tu.
- 335 ha
- Cch thnh ph Bin Ha 5 km.
- Cch thnh ph H Ch Minh 25 km.
- Cch Sn bay quc t Tn Sn Nht 30 km.
- Cch Cng Ph M 44 km.
- Cch Cng Si Gn 30 km.
- Cch Cng ng Nai 2 km.
- Cch Ga Si Gn 28 km.
7

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

Giao thng
Cp in
Cp nc
X l nc thi

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

ng giao thng v ng ni b hon chnh.


Hai trm bin p 40 MVA t li in quc gia
Cng sut cung cp nc khong 25.000 m3/ngy m.
Hin ti nc thi t Khu cng nghip Bin Ho I c thu gom
v Trm bm v a v x l ti Nh my x l nc thi Bin
Ho II.

c. a im 3: KCN M Phc III


Bng Thng tin v KCN M Phc III

c im
V tr a l
Khong cch n cc
v tr quan trng
Din tch
Hng gi

iu kin sn xut
(cc cng trnh ph)

Giao thng

Chi tit
- Nm pha Bc tnh Bnh Dng.
- Nm trn tuyn giao thng chnh va mi m rng 06 ln xe
(Quc L 13) ni lin Bnh Dng - Trung tm TP.HCM, sn bay
v cng bin.
- Cch Th x Th Du Mt 18 km.
- Cch thnh ph H Ch Minh 38 km.
6.200 ha
ng Nam
- Nh my x l nc thi giai on 1: 4.000m3/ngy m t
tiu chun
- Cung cp in, nc, bu chnh vin thng lin lc theo gi
gc do nh nc qui nh.
- Nh cng nhn c xy dng hon chnh.
- Tr s Hi Quan ti KCN.
- An ninh trt t 24/24, c i phng chy, cha chy do lc
lng chuyn nghip m nhn, trang thit b cha chy hin
i.
- ng ni b: Ton b h thng ng ni b rng 25-62m
(Mt nha rng 15 m v mi bn hnh lang rng 5 m) vi ti
trng chu lc ti 40-60 tn/01xe ti. Thun rt thun tin trong
vic vn chuyn v phn phi sn phm.
- Quc l 13 kt ni cc tuyt ng giao thng huyt mch
ca ton quc.
- Tuyt xe bus t Tp.HCM n trung tm th x v ni trc tip
vi KCN, to iu kin thun li cho ngi lao ng.
- D n ng cao tc M Phc- Tn Vn (khi cng nm
2008), vi quy m 6 ln xe cho ng cao tc, c b tr ng
ch trnh nn cho xe t (Rng khong 2m).
Bng Bng cho im la chn cc a im

Cc nhn t

Mc nh gi
8

im

a im

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

39

39

1. Ngun nguyn liu


Rt ph hp
Khong cch n vng nguyn Ph hp
Xa
liu chnh
Rt xa
Ph hp
Khong cch n vng nguyn
Xa
liu ph
Rt xa
2. Giao thng
Rt thun li
ng thy
Thun li
Khng thun li
Rt thun li
ng b
Thun li
Khng thun li
3. Ngun lao ng
Cao
Gi thu lao ng
Chp nhn c
R
Gn
Vng tuyn lao ng
Trung bnh
Xa
4. Th trng tiu th
Rt thun li
Khong cch n th trng
Thun li
tiu th
Khng thun li
Rt thun li
Cnh tranh
Thun li
Khng thun li
5. c im khu t
Rt thun li
Cu trc nn t
Thun li
Khng thun li
C kh nng
L lt
t kh nng
Khng
6. Ngun in
Rt thun li
Qua mng li chung
Thun li
t thun li
Thp
Qua trm pht ring
Trung bnh
(chi ph xy dng)
Cao
9

4
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
3
2
1

13

26
9

6
15

15

5
5
30
10

20

14

14

21

21

20

21
7

14
33

33

11
11
12
4

27
9

18

18

21

21

3
9
31.5
10.5
6
2

6
4

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

7. Ngun nc
Cao
Gi nc cp
Trung bnh
R
Rt ph hp
c im ngun nc
Ph hp
Phi qua x l
Tng im
Th t v a im c chn

1
2
3
3
2
1

5
5

10

10

30
10
282.5
1

20

20

241
2

194
3

Da trn bng nh gi im, a im c chn xy dng nh my l KCN Bin Ha II.

Hnh Bn KCN Bin Ha II

10

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 3
QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT MT DU
Nguyn liu

Vn chuyn, tip nhn


Qu
xanh

Phn loi

Bo qun

Ra

Ph
phm

Chn

Xay nh, nghin


Saccharos
e
Pectin

C c

L thy tinh

Rt l

X l

Acid Citric

Dn nhn, bao gi

Sn phm

S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut mt du

11

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

3.1.

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Nguyn liu

- Du nguyn liu l loi Fragaria ananassa. Du t tiu chun sn xut: kch c va, va

chn ti, mu u, m bo cm quan, an ton thc phm.


- Hn hp ng v pectin s dng theo t l 50:1. Lng ng s dng thng tnh theo

khi lng du nguyn liu, t l ng: du thng vo khong 1:2. Ty theo chn ca
du, lng ng s thay i. Lng du chn tiu chun sn xut phi t ti thiu 97%
lng nguyn liu thu vo (ti a l 3% du cha t chn).
3.2. Vn chuyn, tip nhn v bo qun nguyn liu
- Mc ch: Nguyn liu c m bo cht lng tt nht trc khi a vo sn xut.

- C s quy trnh:
o Vn chuyn: Du c vn chuyn t Lt bng xe ti. Du c ng trong st xp,

khng xp du qu dy, qu cht v lm du b gip. Ch to iu kin thong kh hn


ch qu trnh h hp, gi c ti ca du.
o Tip nhn: Du c phn loi thnh 2 nhm: qu chn a vo sn xut, qu cn xanh s

c a vo d tr (trnh lm nh tr sn xut). Du nguyn liu phi t cc chng


nhn v v sinh an ton (d lng thuc bo v thc vt, phn ha hc, v.v).
o Phn loi: Phn chia cc qu du cn xanh theo tng chn c th c phng php

bo qun ph hp. Cc qu h, thi, cung qu cng c loi ra trong qu trnh ny.


Nguyn liu du c tri lp mng trn bng ti. Cng nhn thc hin thao tc phn loi
bng tay. Qu trnh phn loi c thc hin tun t: phn loi tri h hng nhiu (c vt
nt, thm, gip nt) v qu t cht lng. Sau , qu t cht lng li tip tc c
phn loi theo chn.
o Bo qun: ty theo chn m bo qun qu du nhit v thi gian ph hp.
- Thit b: Bng chuyn ng kim loi

12

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Hnh Bng chuyn ng kim loi


3.3. Ra nguyn liu
- Mc ch: Loi b tp cht, bi bn, cc vi sinh vt, thuc tr su, v.v bm trn nguyn

liu. Sau khi ra, hm lng vi sinh vt c th gim i vi nghn ln n vi chc nghn ln,
lng cht tp cng c gim ng k.
- C s quy trnh: Nguyn liu tri qua 2 giai on l ngm cho b v ra xi. Ngm l qu

trnh lm cho nc thm t nguyn liu, cc cht bn trng nc lm gim lc bm ln qu


du. Ra xi l dng tia nc (p lc 2-3 at) phun ln nguyn liu ngm b, ko tri cc
cht bn i.
- Thit b: Du l loi qu mm, d b gip nt nn thit b c xut l my ra thi kh.

Nguyn liu vo my c ko i trn bng ti, qua thng ngm ngm cho b, sau
c xi nh li nh h thng vi phun gn ngay pha trn bng ti, trc khi ra khi my.
Khng kh c qut gi thi vo thng ngm lm o trn nguyn liu trong nc, nh
nguyn liu va chm vi nhau v vi nc, gip cht bn ha tan vo nc d dng.
- Yu cu k thut: Nguyn liu ra xong phi sch, khng dp nt v nh vy s to iu

kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin. Kim sot hm lng cc cht dinh dng trong nguyn liu
d ha tan vo nc ra nh vitamin, ng, mui khong bng cch kim sot thi gian
ra v lng nc ra. Lng nc s dng xut l 0,7 1 lt/kg du. Cht lng nc
ra phi t ch tiu cng khng qu 20 mg/ml, khng nhim st, c th kt hp clorua vi
kh trng (100mg/l)

Hnh My ra thi kh
1 Thng ngm; 2 Bng ti; 3 Qut gi; 4 - ng thi kh

3.4. Chn
- Mc ch: Qu trnh chn bi kh cho qu trnh c c, lm mm nguyn liu, tng tnh thm

mng t bo, kh trng v v hot ha cc enzyme v cc hp cht gy bin mu sn phm.


- C s qu trnh: X l nhit s b trong nc c nhit 80-100oC trong thi gian t 3

n 5 pht. Sau khi chn cn lm ngui ngay trnh bin i ha sinh khng nh mong
mun.
13

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Thit b: S dng thit b chn lm ngui kiu ngc dng thit k IQB. mi cng on

u c bng chuyn ring, do , thc phm trnh b gip nt do o trn. Bng chuyn A
tip nhn nguyn liu, gia nhit bng h thng phun nc nng A, sau gia nhit trong bn
B. Sau khi vt ra khi bn B, du s c gi thnh lp dy bng chuyn C n khi t
c thi gian cn thit. Cui cng du c lm ngui bn D v kt thc nh h thng
phun tia nc lnh E. u im thit b ny l quy tc ngc dng: nc bn D ch cn gia
nhit mt t l c th s dng cho bn B, tit kim c nhit lng v nc x l.

Hnh Thit b chn lm ngui IQB kiu ngc dng

3.5. Nghin
- Mc ch: Lm nh nguyn liu n kch thc yu cu tng hiu sut c c nh vo

vic thu c dch qu.


- C s qu trnh: Ct nh nguyn liu, sau em nghin nh. Ch thi gian x l khng

qu lu trnh lm bin cht nguyn liu v mt cht dinh dng.


- Thit b: S dng loi my ct nh v my nh nhuyn.
Hnh - My ct nh
Thng s k thut:
in p: 220V hoc 380V
Sn lng: 200 ~ 1000Kg/h
Cng sut: 3Kw/h
Kch thc: 600 x 500 x 900(mm)
Trng lng: 70Kg
Hnh My nh nhuyn
Thng s k thut:
Model: KS-DS-350
in p: 380V
Sn lng: 350Kg
Cng sut: 31.5Kw
Kch thc: 2080 x 1350 x 2230(mm)
Trng lng: 2800Kg
3.6.

C c
14

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Mc ch: Phi trn hn hp bao gm: nguyn liu nghin, ng, pectin, acid v gia

nhit c c, thu c mt du.


- C s qu trnh: Du sau khi nghin nhuyn s c dng dch qu ln vi tht qu. B sung

thm ng, pectin. ng lm tng nng cht tan, gip mt qu sau khi c c c th
bo qun lu di m khng dng cht bo qun. Pectin gip to ng (gel) cho sn phm.
Do pectin d b phn hy bi nhit nn vic tao gel phi c thc hin cui qu trnh nu.
ng v pectin c chia thnh nhiu phn cho vo dch c c trnh hin tng pectin
b vn cc. Acid citric c chc nng chng oxi ha, nghch chuyn ng saccharose lm
tng ngt, lm tng pH ca dch c c ln khong 2,5 3,3 pectin to gel tt nht.
Ta c th thay th acid citric bng acid ascorbic, tuy nhin acid ascorbic gi thnh cao v d
b phn hy bi nhit.
- Thit b: S dng h thng c c chn khng 3 cp tun hon. u im ca loi thit b ny

l chuyn s dng cho cc nguyn liu nhy nhit: hn hp dch qu cn c c c hm lng


ng cao, nu khng ch vn nhit s dn n hin tng caramel ha, gy bin
mu, bin cht sn phm. Ch gi nhit c c khong 40 60 oC, p sut 600
650mmHg.

Hnh Thit b c c chn khng 3


cp tun hon
Nng sut bay hi: 1000 kg/h
Tiu hao hi nc bo ha: 700 kg/h
p sut hi: < 0.1 mpa
Kch thc: 7 x 1.5 x 4 m
Lng nc lm mt: 18 T/h

3.7. Rt l
- Mc ch: a mt du thnh phm vo l thy tinh bao b.
- C s qu trnh: Qu trnh c thc hin ngay sau khi c c. Nhit nng s d dng rt

l, cng nh hn ch s xm nhim vi sinh vt. L thy tinh c kh trng trc s c


cho rt mt thnh phm vo v y np. Qu trnh ghp np s dng chn khng 150-200
mmHg v phi thc hin nhanh m bo v sinh cng nghip.
- Thit b: Mt du t h thng c c c dn vo 1 bn cha. Ti y, my rt l kiu xoay

vng s phn phi sn phm vo l thy tinh v y np. L thy tinh c x l trc
phn xng x l l. Kch thc l s dng l loi 227g.
15

2.1.

2.2.

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Hnh My rt l kiu xoay vng


3.8. Dn nhn, bao gi
- Mc ch: Hon thin sn phm, bao gi phn phi ra th trng.
- C s qu trnh: Sau khi rt l, sn phm c a qua bn ra nc lnh vi 2 mc ch:

ra sch l, lm lnh ng c hon ton. Cc l mt du c dn nhn bng h thng


dn nhn. Nhn l c in hn s dng trc . Sau khi dn nhn, sn phm c a vo
thng giy hoc gi thnh tng l hng.
- Thit b: S dng bng chuyn v h thng vi phun ra l. Hn s dng c in bng

my dp nhn. My dn nhn, dp date c b tr kho thnh phm. Sau thi gian bo n,


l sn phm t yu cu mi c em ra dn nhn. Lu : hn s dng c in ln nhn
trc khi nhn c dn ln l.
3.9. Sn phm
3.9.1. Yu cu c bn
- Do sn phm c rt nng nn l thng dng l l thy tinh. L trong sut c th quan
st c sn phm bn trong. Nhn l phi p mt, np c vn cht, lng mt trong cc
l l ng u.
3.9.2. Ch tiu cht lng
Ch tiu ha l
- ng nht cao (>95%).
- Sn phm c gel cao. C th th bng cch lt ngc l xung, nu sn phm b
chy hoc nh git l khng t yu cu.

Ch tiu ha hc
- Nng cht kh cao: 68 1%
16

2.3.

2.4.

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Hm lng acid: 6%
- pH: 3,5 4,5
Ch tiu cm quan
- Mu: mu t nhin, tng t nh mu qu nguyn liu. Nu sm mu hn chng t
b caramel ha khi c c.
- trong: sn phm ng nht, trong, khng b vn c, khng c bt kh ln vo sn
phm.
- Mi: mi thm t nhin ca du. Khng c mi sn phm b t bi mi pectin hay
mi ng.
- V: v ngt ca ng ha quyn vi v ngt t nhin ca du. V chua ca acid thanh
nh, d chu, khng qu gt.
Ch tiu v sinh, an ton thc phm
- Sn phm c ng cao, c rt l nng v y kn kh nn rt t b nhim vi sinh

vt. Do , khng cn dng ph gia bo qun hay cht n nh.


- Pectin l ph gia s dng theo gii hn GMP nn an ton cho ngi s dng.

- Hn s dng thng thy l 9 thng.


3.9.3. Gi tr dinh dng
Bng Thnh phn dinh dng c trong 227g mt du thnh phm

Cht bo 0.4g
Cht bo bo ha 0g
Cht bo khng bo ha a 0.2g
Cht bo khng bo ha n 0.1g
Cholesterol 0mg
Na 41mg
K 190mg
Carbohydrat 187.4g
Cht x 4.2g
Protein 0.9g

17

Vit. A 15mcg

Vit. B6 0.1mg
Vit. C 71mg
Ca 23mg
Mg 16mg
Fe 1 mg

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 4
CN BNG VT LIU
4.1. S ca lm vic
Mi ngy nh my hot ng 2 ca: mi ca 6 ting:
- Ca 1: 7h -13h
- Ca 2: 13h -19h

4.2. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho 100kg nguyn liu


100 kg nguyn liu ban u gm:
65.789kg du ti + 32.895kg ng + 0.658kg pectin + 0.658kg acid citric
T l du : ng = 2 : 1
T l ng : pectin = 50 : 1
T l pectin : acid = 1 : 1
Tnh cn bng vt cht cho phn xng
Bng thng k gi tr tn tht khi ch bin du (so vi lng nguyn liu u vo)

Tn tht
Tn tht trong qu trnh phn loi, loi cung
Tn tht trong qu trnh ra
Tn tht trong qu trnh chn
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin nguyn liu
Tng cng

Gi tr (%)
5
1.2
1
0.5
7.7

Bng thng k gi tr tn tht khi phi trn du v cc nguyn liu (so vi lng nguyn liu u vo)

Tn tht
Tn tht trong qu trnh c c
Tn tht trong qu trnh rt vo l, bao gi
Tng cng
4.3.
-

Tnh cn bng vt cht theo nng sut


Du ti: 2 tn

ng: 1 tn (t l ng : du l 1:1)

Pectin: 0.02 tn (t l ng : pectin l 1:50)

Acid citric: 0.02 tn (t l pectin : acid l 1:1)

Tng lng nguyn liu l: 2 + 1 + 0.02 + 0.02 = 3.04 tn


18

Gi tr (%)
30
0.2
20.2

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

4.3.1.

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Qu trnh phn loi, loi cung

- Tn tht: 5%
- Nhp liu: 2 tn du
- Thu c: 2 (100% 5%) = 1.9 (tn)
4.3.2.

Qu trnh ra

- Tn tht: 1.2%
- u vo: 1.9 tn
- Thu c: 1.9 2 1.2% = 1.876 (tn)
4.3.3.

Qu trnh chn

- Tn tht: 1%
- u vo: 1.876 tn
- Thu c: 1.876 2 1% = 1.856 (tn)
4.3.4.

Qu trnh nghin nguyn liu

- Tn tht: 0.5%
- u vo: 1.856 tn
- Thu c: 1.856 2 0.5% = 1.846 (tn)
4.3.5.

Qu trnh c c

- Tn tht: 30%
- u vo: 1.846 tn du c nghin, phi trn vi cc nguyn liu cn li gm:
ng: 1 tn
Pectin: 0.02 tn
Acid citic: 0.02 tn
Tng lng nguyn liu u vo l: 1.846 + 1 + 0.02 + 0.02 = 2.886 tn
- Thu c: 2.886 2.886 30% = 2.0202 (tn)
4.3.6.

Qu trnh rt vo l, bao gi
19

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Tn tht: 0.2%
- u vo: 2.0202 tn
- Thu c: 2.0202 2.886 0.2% = 2.014428 (tn)
4.4. Tiu hao nguyn liu theo thi gian sn xut
- 1 nm c 12 thng lm vic, chia lm 4 qu
- Mi qu c 3 thng.
- 1 thng c 25 ngy sn xut
- 1 ngy c 2 ca lm vic.
- 1 ca c 6 gi lm vic
- Khi lng mt thc t trong mt ngy sn xut c: 2020.2 tn (2020.2kg) mt du dng
jam.
- ng thnh h loi 227gram (0.227kg).
- Thnh phm c

2020.2
8899 (h).
0.227

- Khi lng mt sn xut trong mt thng: 2.0202 25 = 50.505 (tn)


- Thi gian sn xut mt m mt mt 6 gi
- S m nu trong mt ngy: 2 m
- Lng mt thu c mt m sn xut: 2.0202/2 = 1.0101 (tn)
- S m sn xut trong mt nm : 2 300 = 600 (m)
- Nng sut nh my trong mt nm l Q = 1.0101 600 = 606.06 (tn/nm)
Bng tng kt lng nguyn liu tn tht theo ngy, thng, nm

Ngy (2 ca)
Nguyn liu
3.04 tn
Sn phm
2.0202 tn
Tp cht, ph phm 1.0198 tn

Thng (25 ngy)


76 tn
50.505(tn)
25.495 tn

20

Nm (12 thng)
912 tn
606.06 tn
305.94 tn

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 5
TNH CN BNG NNG LNG TNH IN NC
4.4. Tnh cn bng nng lng
*Tnh hi
Nh my dng hi nc bo ha cp nhit trc tip hay gin tip trong qu trnh thanh
trng chai l, bao b v c bit l dng trong qu trnh c c sn phm. Ngoi ra, hi nc bo
ha cn c ng dng v sinh thit b, nh xng.
Nhit lng cn thit gia nhit cho hn hp cn c c:
Q1 = D1 .r = G.C.t + Qm (KJ)

Trong :
D1: lng hi cn cho qu trnh gia nhit (kg)
r: n nhit ha hi hoc ngng t ca hi nc bo ha 7at (KJ/kg); r = 2075 ( KJ / kg )
G: lng nguyn liu u vo (kg); G = 2886 kg
C: nhit dung ring ca hn hp nguyn liu ( 2.8 KJ/kg.)
t = t 2 t1 : hiu s gia nhit nhp liu ban u (t1) v nhit cui qu trnh gia nhit

(t2); t1 = 300C, t2 = 600C. Nn t = 60 30 = 30 0C


Qm: nhit lng tn tht, cho Qm = 10%.Q1
T ta c:
D1 =

G.C.t 2886 2.8 30


=
= 129.812 (kg)
0.9r
0.9 2075

Nhit lng cn cho qu trnh lm bay hi nc khi c c:


Q2 = D2 r = W .r

Trong : W l lng hi th (hi nc) thot ra khi hn hp


W = 20% G = 20% 2886 = 577.2 (kg)

T suy ra: D2 W = 577.2 (kg)


(Xem nh n nhit ha hi ca hi nc bo ha v hi th l gn nh nhau)
Tng lng hi cn dng trong ngy l:
D = D1 + D2 = 129.812 + 577.2 = 707.012 (kg)

d phng trng hp m rng sn xut hoc s dng cng mt lc cho nhiu mc ch


khc, ta chn ni hi c nng sut 1000 kg hi/h, vn hnh rong mt gi mi ngy.
21

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Thit b c chn l ni hi t du-gas ng l lch tm:


- Cng sut hi: 1000kg/h
- p sut hi: 7at
- Nhit hi : 183 0C
Cc thng s k thut ca ni hi:
Cng sut hi (kg/h)
p sut hi ra (at)
Nhit hi ra ( 0C)
Nhit nc cp (0C)
Tiu hao du Diesel (kg/h)
Tiu hao du FO (kg/h)
Tiu hao Gas (kg/h)
Di (m)
Rng (m)
Cao (m)
Khi lng tnh (kg)
Din tch tip nhit (m2)
Th tch cha hi (m3)
Th tch cha nc (m3)

Ni hi t du - gas ng l lch tm
1000
7
183
25
65
71
61
3.4
1.6
1.9
4150
24.7
0.45
1.8

4.5. Tnh in (trong mt ngy sn xut)


4.5.1. in nng tiu th cho cc thit b lm vic in ng lc
Thit b

Cng sut

SL

S gi lm

Tng in
(KW/h)
vic (h/ngy)
Bng chuyn ng
0.5
1
5
2.5
My ra thi kh
24
1
3
72
Thit b chn IQB
40
1
1
40
My ct nh
3
1
2
6
My nh nhuyn
31.5
1
6
189
Thit b c c chn khng
45
1
2
90
Thit b ra l kiu bng ti
5
1
2
10
My rt l kiu xoay vng
12
1
3
36
My dn nhn
3.5
1
1
3.5
Bm
0.5
7
3
10.5
Tng cng
168
459.5
- Cng sut ph tr l 10% cng sut ng lc ca ng c, thit b
- Cng sut ng lc ca ng c, thit b: Pl = 168 (100% + 10%) = 184.8 (KW)

- Cng sut tnh ton ng lc:


22

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Ptt = K C Pl = 0.6 184.8 = 110.88 (KW)

Vi KC = 0.6 l h s cn dng, h s ny ph thuc vo mc ph ti ca cc thit b lm vic


khng ng thi.
- in nng ng lc ca ng c, thit b:
Al = 459.5 (100% + 10%) = 505.45 (KW)

4.5.2. in chiu sng


- Din tch phn xng l: (11 8) + (30 16) = 568 (m2).
- Tiu chun v chiu sng trong phn xng l 300 lux
- S bng n cn s dng c tnh theo cng thc:
F=k.E.S.Z/(n.Ksd)
Trong

k: H s d tr, ly bng 1.5


E: ri tiu chun (E=300 lux)
S: Din tch sn (568 m2)
Z: H s tnh ton, z=1
F: Quang thng ca n s dng (2650 lm)
Ksd: H s s dng, Ksd=0.5

S bng n cn: n =

k .E.S .Z 1.5 300 568 1


=
193 (bng).
F .Ksd
2650 0.5

- Cng sut nh mc ca n hunh quang l 40W.


- Cng sut dng cho chiu sng:
Pcs = 40 193 = 7720 (W) = 7.72 (KW)

- in nng dng cho chiu sng trong ngy (lm vic 2 ca tc 12h lm vic):
Acs = 7.72 12 = 92.64 (KWh)

- Tng in nng chiu sng v ng lc dng trong phn xng sn xut l:


A = 505.45 + 92.64 = 598.09 (KWh)
- in nng s dng cho cc cng trnh ph trong nh my: xut pht t nhu cu thc t c th,
y lng in tiu th cho cc nhu cu ny chim 30% lng in tiu th ca phn xng:
Asd = 30% 598.09 = 179.427 (KW)

Vy tng in nng tiu th trong ngy l:


Atng = A + Asd = 598.09 + 179.427 = 777.517 (KW)
4.5.3. Xc nh h s cng sut, dung lng b v s t in s dng
23

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

5.2.3.1. H s cng sut v dung lng b


H s cng sut thc t c tnh theo cng thc:
cos tt =

Ptt
Ptt2 + (Qtt Qb ) 2

Trong :
Qtt l cng sut phn khng; Qtt = Ptt tg1 (KVA)
Qb l dung lng b; Qb = Ptt (tg1 tg 2 ) (KVA)
1 , 2 ln lt l gc ca h s cng sut lc u v gc ca h s cng sut sau khi nng ln.

- Trong nh my sn xut mt du dng jam, chn h s cng sut lc u l


cos 1 = 0.6 tg1 = 1.333

- H s cng sut mong mun t c sau khi nng ln l cos 2 = 0.9 tg 2 = 0.484
T , ta c:
Qtt = 110.88 1.333 = 147.803 (KVA)
Qb = 110.88 (1.333 0.484) = 94.137 (KVA)

H s cng sut:
cos tt =

110.88
110.88 2 + (147.803 94.137 ) 2

0.9001135

5.2.3.2. Xc nh s t in (n)
- Chn loi t in c cng sut nh mc l 10KW.
- S t in cn dng:
n=

Qb 94.137
=
(t), chn 10 t
q
10

4.5.4. Chn my bin p


- Cng sut tc dng tnh ton m nh my nhn t th cp ca trm bin p:
P = Ptt + Pcs K cs = 110.88 + 7.72 0.9 = 117.828 (KW)

(Vi Kcs = 0.9 l h s khng ng b ca n)


- Cng sut ca my bin p c tnh:
Pchon =

P
117.828
=
= 130.903 (KW)
cos tt 0.9001135

24

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Chn ch lm vic ca my bin p c ph ti l 80%, nn cng sut nh mc cn tm l:


Pm = Pchon

100
= 163.629 (KW)
80

Vy ta chn my bin p c cng sut l 200KW


5.3. Tnh cung cp nc
5.3.1. Nc ra nguyn liu
- Lng nc ra du: 0.8 lt/kg du.
- Lng nc cn ra 2 tn du nguyn liu:
V1 = 2000 0.8 = 1600 (lt) tng ng vi 1.6m3 nc/ngy

5.3.2. Nc s dng cho qu trnh chn nguyn liu


- Vi 2 bn cha nc, mi bn cha 2m3 nc, sau mi ca thay nc mt ln.
- Lng nc cn dng:
V2 = 2 2 2 = 8 (m3/ngy)

5.3.3. Nc ra chai l
- Vi 4 bn nc ra, mi bn cha 2m3 nc, sau mi ca thay nc mt ln.
- Lng nc cn dng:
V3 = 4 2 2 = 16 (m3/ngy)

5.3.4. Nc lm mt thit b c c
V4 = 8m3/ngy, lng nc ny c tun hon lm mt cho thit b trong ngy.
5.3.5. Nc dng trong ni hi
Lng nc cn cho thit b: 1.8m3, trnh hao ht v tht thot trong qu trnh lm vic, ta
dng lng nc l V5 = 2m3/ngy.
Tng lng nc cn dng cho cc qu trnh ch bin trong mt ngy:
V = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 = 1.6 + 8 + 16 + 8 + 2 = 35.6 (m3/ngy)
5.3.6. Nc v sinh thit b, nh xng, nc sinh hot
Ton nh my c 42 ngi
- Nc dng cho nh n tp th: 30lt/1ngi.1ngy.
V6 = 42 30 = 1260 (lt/ngy) tc 1.26m3/ngy

- Nc tm, v sinh: 40lt/1ngi.1ngy


V7 = 42 40 = 1680 (lt/ngy) tc 1.680m3/ngy
25

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

- Nc ti ng, cy xanh: s dng lng nc thi x l.


Vy tng lng nc cn dng trong ngy l
8

V = Vi = 38.54 (m3/ngy)
i =1

- Nc cha chy: c 2 ct cha chy, mi ct nh mc 2.5lt/s, thi gian d tr cha chy l 3


gi.
V9 = 2.5 3 3600 = 27000 (lt) (tc 27m3)

26

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 6
THIT K MT BNG
6.1. Thit k mt bng phn xng chnh
- Din tch: S = 30m x 16m
- Thit b c sp xp dc theo chu vi ca phn xng.
- Phn xng chnh c t cnh kho nguyn liu chnh v ph thun tin cho vic tip nhn

nguyn liu vo sn xut (nh 2 ca).


- Phn xng chnh c t cnh phn xng sn xut l thun tin cho vic tip nhn l cho

cng on rt l c nhanh v m bo v sinh (nh ca s bng ti).


- Phn xng chnh c t cnh kho thnh phm thun tin cho vic vn chuyn bo qun

sn phm (nh 1 ca).

Hnh Bn v phn xng chnh


(Chi tit tham kho bn v nh km)
27

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

6.2. Thit k mt bng tng th nh my


- Din tch: S = 91m x 120m

Hnh Bn v mt bng tng th nh my


(Chi tit xem bn v nh km)
28

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 7
H THNG X L NC THI
7.1.

Thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc thi nh my mt du


Ngun nc thi
Nc ra du
Nc ra l
Nc lm mt thit b c c
Nc thi t thit b chn, c c
Nc v sinh nh xng
Nc thi sinh hot

7.2.

Thnh phn nc thi


Bi bn, t ct, vi sinh, ha cht tn d
Bi bn, t ct, vi sinh, acid, base, kim loi
Bi bn, kim loi
Bi bn, vi sinh
Bi bn, t ct, vi sinh, ha cht, nguyn liu hu
c (du, mt du thnh phm, ng, v.v)
Bi bn, t ct, vi sinh, x phng ha cht

Chn quy trnh x l nc thi

Vi nhng c im ca t nhin cng nh thnh phn tnh cht ca nc thi trong qu trnh
sn xut mt du, ta c th la chn quy trnh x l nc thi theo phng php vt l.

Hnh S x l nc thi theo phng php vt l

7.3.

Tiu chun nc thi sau x l

Bng Gi tr gii hn cc thng s, nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi cng nghip.
TT

Thng s

1
2
3

Nhit
pH
Mi

Mu sc, Co-Pt

n v
o

C
-

29

Gi tr gii hn
A
B
C
40
40
45
6 n 9 5,5 n 9 5 n 9
Khng
Khng
kh chu kh chu
20
50
-

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

36
37

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

pH=7
BOD5 (20oC)
mg/l
30
50
COD
mg/l
50
80
Cht rn l lng
mg/l
50
100
Asen
mg/l
0,05
0,1
Thy ngn
mg/l
0,005
0,01
Ch
mg/l
0,1
0,5
Cadimi
mg/l
0,005
0,01
Crom (IV)
mg/l
0,05
0,1
Crom (III)
mg/l
0,2
1
ng
mg/l
2
2
Km
mg/l
3
3
Niken
mg/l
0,2
0,5
Mangan
mg/l
0,5
1
St
mg/l
1
5
Thic
mg/l
0,2
1
Xianua
mg/l
0,07
0,1
Phenol
mg/l
0,1
0,5
Du m khong
mg/l
5
5
Du ng thc vt
mg/l
10
20
Clo d
mg/l
1
2
PCBs
mg/l
0,003
0,01
Ha cht bo v thc mg/l
0,3
1
vt: Ln hu c
Ha cht bo v thc mg/l
0,1
0,1
vt: Clo hu c
Sunfua
mg/l
0,2
0,5
Florua
mg/l
5
10
Clorua
mg/l
500
600
Amoni (tnh theo mg/l
5
10
Nit)
Tng nit
mg/l
15
30
Tng phtpho
mg/l
4
6
Coliform
MPN/1
3000
5000
00ml
Xt nghim sinh hc
90% c sng st sau
(Bioassay)
96 gi trong 100%
nc thi
Tng hot phng Bq/l
0,1
0,1
x
Tng hot phng Bq/l
1,0
1,0
x

30

100
400
200
0,5
0,01
1
0,5
0,5
2
5
5
2
5
10
5
0,2
1
10
30
0,05

1
15
1000
15
60
8
-

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Quy chun nc thi s dng tiu chun theo quy nh s 22 ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi


Trng: Quyt nh v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (S:
22/2006/Q-BTNMT).
Ph lc 2 ca quy nh trn hng dn cch thc tnh h s lu lng v nng ti a cho
php ca cc cht trong nc thi.
Ph lc 2 v TCVN 5945:2005 c trnh by phn ph lc tham kho.

31

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

CHNG 8
TNH KINH T
*Tnh vn lu ng
- Gi cung cp in:

Gi cao im

0 VND/KWH

Gi bnh thng

815 VND/KWH

Gi thp im

0 VND/KWH

Thng tin khc

Tnh theo gi in lc Vit Nam/KWH

Phng thc thanh ton

Hng thng

- Gi cung cp nc:

Gi nc sch (m3)
Thng tin khc
Phng thc thanh ton

4590 VND
Tnh theo gi Nh nc
Hng thng

- Tng in nng s dng trong mt ngy l: 777.517 (KW)


- Tng lng nc cn dng trong ngy l 41.76 (m3/ngy)
- Tng lng tin phi chi cho mt thng l 20,663,868.88
- S ngy m nh my hot ng trong mt thng l: 25 ngy.

Du
Diesel
0.05s

Du FO

Gas

ng

Du ty

Lng

65kg/h

71kg/h

61kg/h

1 tn/ng

2 tn/ng

KLR

0.87kg/l

0.929kg/l

Hng thng

1868.81(l)

1913.7(l)

1525kg

25 tn

50 tn

Pectin

Acid
citric

20kg/ng 20kg/ng

500kg

500kg

- S tin doanh nghip phi chi cho s nguyn liu tiu th hng thng l:
STT
1
2
3

Loi nguyn,
nhin liu
Du diesel 0.05s
Du FO
Gas

Lng tiu th
hng thng
1868.81 (l)
1913.7(l)
1525kg
32

Gi sn phm

Thnh tin

14,750/l
12,690/l
22,500/kg

27,550,287.36
24,285,444.74
34,312,500.00

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

4
5
6
7
Tng

ng
Du ty
Pectin
Acid citric

25 tn
50 tn
500kg
500kg

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

16,000/kg
18,000/kg
240000/kg
55,000/kg
1,389,098,232

400,000,000
900,000,000
120,000,000
27,500,000

- Vy tng s tin doanh nghip phi chi cho mt thng mua nguyn, nhin liu v chi tr

cho tin in nc l 1,409,732,101


*Tnh lng
- S tin doanh nghip tr lng cho cng nhn:
Cn c ngh nh v: Quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng i vi ngi lao ng lm vic
cng ty, doanh nghip, hp tc x, t hp tc, trang tri, h gia nh, c nhn v cc t chc khc
ca Vit Nam c thu mn lao ng. ca th tng chnh ph k ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2009
v c hiu lc t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2010.
H THNG THANG LNG, BNG LNG
I - MC LNG TI THIU:
Mc lng ti thiu doanh nghip p dng: 880,000 ng/thng.

Tng s ngi lm vic trong nh my l 88 ngi bao gm 68 cng nhn, 1 gim c, 1 k


ton trng, 4 k ton, 15 k s.
Chc danh cng vic

H s lng

H s ph cp

Mc lng c bn
(VN)

Mc thu nhp
(VN)

Gim c (1)
K ton trng (1)
K s chnh (1)
K ton (4)
K s (14)
Cng nhn (67)

6.2
4.33
4.33
2.34
2.34
1.55

12
7,2
7,2
3.8
3.58
0.45

5,456,000
3,810,400
3,810,400
2,059,200
2,059,200
1,364,000

16,016,000
10,146,400
10,146,400
5,403,200
5,209.600
1,760,000

Ghi ch: *Mc lng = (H s lng x mc lng ti thiu doanh nghip p dng).
Vy tng s tin doanh nghip phi tr cho nhn vin trong 1 thng l 248,776,000
S thu doanh nghip ng cho nhn vin bng 30.5% mc lng c bn ca mi ngi.
S tin m doanh nghip phi ng thu l 43,166,772
Vn lu ng ca doanh nghip phi chi hng thng l: 1,701,674,873

33

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Tng s sn phm m doanh nghip bn hng thng l 222,475 l (275g), mi l vi gi l

22.000.
Vy tng doanh thu rng ca doanh nghip hng thng l 4,894,450,000. Khu tr cc

khon chi ph ca vn lu ng, ta c doanh thu rng ca doanh nghip hng thng l
3,192,775,127.
Do khng th iu tra chnh xc gi th trng ca cc thit b my mc nn nhm thc hin

ch xin a ra d on tng s vn u t xy dng v tng s vn trang b my mc thit b


ca doanh nghip vo khong 80 t VN.
Thi gian hon vn l:
Tng vn u t/Doanh thu rng = 80 t / 3,192,775,127 = 25.1 thng
Nh vy trong khong 25 thng (2 nm l 1 thng) th doanh nghip c kh nng hon vn vi iu
kin nng sut t 100% v li nhun t 100%.

34

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

PH LC
B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

------------------------------S: 22/2006/Q-BTNMT

c lp T do Hnh phc
------------------------------H Ni, ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006

QUYT NH
V vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng
---------------------------------B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG
Cn c Lut Bo v mi trng ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005;
Cn c Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Cn c Ngh nh s 91/2002/N-CP ngy 11 thng 11 nm 2002 ca Chnh ph
quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng;
Sau khi thng nht vi B Khoa hc v Cng ngh v vic thay th cc tiu chun
Vit Nam v mi trng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 35/2002/Q-BKHCNMT ngy
25 thng 6 nm 2002 ca B trng B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng (Cng vn s
2907/BKHCN-TC ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2006);
Xt ngh ca V trng V Mi trng v V trng V Php ch,
QUYT NH
iu 1. Bt buc p dng 05 Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng do B trng B
Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh to Quyt nh s 1696/Q-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 7
nm 2006:
-TCVN 5937:2005 - Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun cht lng khng kh
xung quanh.
-TCVN 5938:2005 Cht lng khng kh Nng ti a cho php ca mt s
cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh.
-TCVN 5939:2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i
vi bi v cc cht v c.
-TCVN 5940:2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i
vi mt s cht hu c.
-TCVN 5945:2005 Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi.
iu 2. p dng ct B, Bng 1 TCVN 5939:2005, h s vng (Kv) v h s lu
lng ngun thi (Kp) i vi cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v xy dng
mi.
35

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

p dng ct A, Bng 1 TCVN 5939:2005, h s vng (Kv) v h s lu lng


ngun thi (Kp) i vi cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v bt u hot
ng t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2003 n thi im Quyt nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh.
p dng ct A, Bng 1 TCVN 5939:2005 i vi cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh
doanh, dch v hot ng trc ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2003.
p dng ct B, Bng 1 TCVN 5939:2005, h s vng (Kv) v h s lu lng
ngun thi (Kp) i vi tt c cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v t ngy 01
thng 01 nm 2011.
Gi tr h s, phng php tnh nng ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim
c quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo Quyt nh ny.
iu 3. p dng h s lu lng/dung tch ngun tip nhn (Kp) v h s lu lng
ngun thi (Kf) i vi tiu chun nc thi cng nghip TCVN 5945:2005.
Gi tr cc h s, phng php tnh nng ti a cho php ca cc thng s
nhim c quy nh ti Ph lc 2 km theo Quyt nh ny.
iu 4. Bi b p dng cc tiu chun TCVN 5937:1995, TCVN 5938:1995, TCVN
5939:1995, TCVN 5940:1995, TCVN 5945:1995, TCVN 6980:2001, TCVN 6981:2001,
TCVN 6982:2001, TCVN 6983:2001, TCVN 6984:2001, TCVN 6985:2001, TCVN
6986:2001, TCVN 6987:2001, TCVN 6991:2001, TCVN 6992:2001, TCVN 6993:2001,
TCVN 6994:2001, TCVN 6995:2001 v TCVN 6996:2001 trong Danh mc cc tiu chun
Vit Nam v mi trng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 35/2002/Q-BKHCNMT ngy
25 thng 6 nm 2002 ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng.
iu 5. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy, k t ngy ng Cng bo.
B trng, th trng c quan ngang b, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch
tch y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v cc t chc, c nhn
c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny.
B TRNG
Mai i Trc
k

36

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

PH LC 2
QUY NH
H S LU LNG NGUN THI (Kf), H S LU LNG / DUNG TCH
NGUN TIP NHN (Kq) V PHNG PHP TNH NNG TI A CHO
PHP CA CC CHT NHIM TRONG NC THI CNG NGHIP
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006
ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng)
1.Cng thc tnh nng ti a cho php cc cht nhim trong nc thi cng
nghip
a)Nng ti a cho php cc cht nhim trong nc thi ca cc c s sn xut, ch
bin, kinh doanh, dch v thi ra cc vc nc c tnh nh sau:
Cmax = C x Kq x Kf
Trong :
Cmax l nng ti a cho php ca cht nhim trong nc thi ca c s sn
xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v thi ra cc vc nc, tnh bng miligam trn lt nc
thi (mg/l);
C l gi tr nng ti a cho php ca cht nhim quy nh trong Tiu chun
Vit Nam TCVN 5945:2005;
Kq l h s theo lu lng / dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi.
Kf l h s theo lu lng ngun thi.
b)Khng p dng cng thc tnh nng ti a cho php trong nc thi cng nghip cho
ct C v cc thng s c s th t t 1 n 4, t 34 n 37 quy nh trong Bng 1 ca
TCVN 5945: 2005.
2.Gi tr h s Kq
a)Gi tr h s Kq i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi l sng c quy nh ti Bng 1B
di y.
Bng 1B: Gi tr h s Kq ng vi lu lng dng chy ca sng tip nhn ngun
nc thi.
Lu lng dng chy ca sng tip nhn ngun nc thi
Gi tr h s Kq
3
n v tnh: mt khi/giy (m /s)
Q 50
0,9
50 < Q 200
1
Q > 200
1,1
Q l lu lng dng chy ca sng tip nhn ngun nc thi. Gi tr Q c tnh theo gi
tr trung bnh 03 thng kh kit nht trong 03 nm lin tip (s liu ca Trung tm Kh
tng Thy vn Quc gia). Trng hp cc knh, rch, sui nh khng c s liu v lu
lng th gi tr Kq = 0,9.
37

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

b)Gi tr h s Kq i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi l h c quy nh ti Bng 2B di


y.
Bng 2B: Gi tr h s Kq ng vi dung tch h tip nhn ngun nc thi.
Dung tch h tip nhn ngun nc thi
n v tnh: Triu mt khi (106m3)
V 10
10 < V 100
V > 100

Gi tr h s Kq
0,6
0,8
1,0

V l dung tch h tip nhn ngun nc thi. Gi tr V c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh 03
thng kh kit nht trong 03 nm lin tip (s liu ca Trung tm Kh tng Thu vn
Quc gia)
c) i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi cng nghip l vng nc bin ven b th gi tr h
s Kq = 1,2. i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi cng nghip l vng nc bin ven b
dng cho mc ch bo v thy sinh; th thao v gii tr di nc th gi tr h s Kq = 1.
3.Gi tr h s Kf
Gi tr h s Kf c quy nh ti Bng 3B di y.
Bng 3B: Gi tr h s Kf ng vi lu lng ngun nc thi.
Lu lng ngun nc thi
n v tnh: mt khi / ngy m (m3/24h)
F 50
50 < F 500
500 < F 5000
F > 5000

Gi tr h s Kf
1,2
1,1
1,0
0,9

4. Quy nh vic p dng cc thng s nhim mi v cc thng s kht khe hn i


vi cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v ang hot ng.
p dng cc thng s quy nh mi so vi TCVN 5945:1995 c s th t 3; 4; 25;
27; 30; 35 ti Bng 1 TCVN 5945:2005 chm nht k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2008.
Cc thng s iu chnh kht khe hn: COD ct B; Cadimi; Niken ct B; Tng nit;
Coliform tm thi p dng gi tr quy nh ti Bng 1 TCVN 5945:1995. Chm nht k t
ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2008 tt c cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v phi
p dng TCVN 5945:2005, h s lu lng/dung tch ngun tip nhn (Kq) v h s lu
lng ngun thi (Kf).
38

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

---------TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 5945:2005


---------------Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun thi
Industrial waste water Discharge standards
TCVN 5945:2005 thay th cho TCVN 5945:1995, TCVN 6980:2001, TCVN 6981:2001,
TCVN 6982:2001, TCVN 6983:2001, TCVN 6984:2001, TCVN 6985:2001, TCVN
6986:2001, TCVN 6987:2001.
1.Phm vi p dng
1.1. Tiu chun ny qui nh gi tr gii hn cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim
tromg nc thi ca c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh dch v, (gi chung l nc
thi cng nghip).
1.2. Tiu chun ny dng kim sot cht lng nc thi cng nghip khai thi vo cc
thy vc c mc ch s dng nc cho sinh hot, thy vc c cc mc ch s dng nc
vi yu cu cht lng nc thp hn, hoc vo cc ni tip nhn nc thi khc.
2.Gi tr gii hn
2.1. Gi tr gii hn cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim ca nc thi cng nghip
khi vo cc vc nc khng vt qu cc gi tr tng ng qui nh trong bng 1.
2.2. Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim bng hoc
nh hn gi tr qui nh trong ct A c th vo cc vc nc thng c dng lm
ngun nc cho mc ch sinh hot.
2.3. Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim ln hn
gi tr qui nh trong ct A nhng nh hn hoc bng gi tr qui nh trong ct B th c
vo cc vc nc nhn thi khc tr cc thy vc qui nh ct A.
2.4. Nc thi cng nghip c gi tr cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim ln hn
gi tr quy nh trong ct B nhng khng vt qu gi tr qui nh trong ct C ch c
php thi vo cc ni c qui nh (nh h cha nc thi c xy ring, cng dn n
nh my x l nc thi tp trung)
2.5. Thnh phn nc thi c tnh c th theo lnh vc/ngnh cng nghip ca mt s
hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh dch v c th c qui nh trong cc tiu chun ring.
2.6. Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton, xc nh tng thng s v nng c th
ca cc cht nhim c qui nh trong cc TCVN hin hnh hoc do c quan c thm
quyn quy nh.
39

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

Bng 1 Gi tr gii hn cc thng s v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi


cng nghip.
TT

Thng s

1
2
3

Nhit
pH
Mi

Mu sc, Co-Pt
pH=7
BOD5 (20oC)
COD
Cht rn l lng
Asen
Thy ngn
Ch
Cadimi
Crom (IV)
Crom (III)
ng
Km
Niken
Mangan
St
Thic
Xianua
Phenol
Du m khong
Du ng thc vt
Clo d
PCBs
Ha cht bo v thc
vt: Ln hu c
Ha cht bo v thc
vt: Clo hu c
Sunfua
Florua
Clorua
Amoni (tnh theo
Nit)
Tng nit

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

n
v
o
C
-

Gi tr gii hn
A
B
C
40
40
45
6 n 9
5,5 n 9
5 n 9
Khng kh
Khng kh chu
chu
20
50
-

mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l

30
50
50
0,05
0,005
0,1
0,005
0,05
0,2
2
3
0,2
0,5
1
0,2
0,07
0,1
5
10
1
0,003
0,3

50
80
100
0,1
0,01
0,5
0,01
0,1
1
2
3
0,5
1
5
1
0,1
0,5
5
20
2
0,01
1

mg/l

0,1

0,1

mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l

0,2
5
500
5

0,5
10
600
10

1
15
1000
15

mg/l

15

30

60

40

100
400
200
0,5
0,01
1
0,5
0,5
2
5
5
2
5
10
5
0,2
1
10
30
0,05

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

33
34

Tng phtpho
Coliform

35

Xt nghim sinh hc
(Bioassay)
Tng hot phng
x
Tng hot phng
x

36
37

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

mg/l
MPN
/100
ml
Bq/l

4
3000

6
5000

90% c sng st sau 96 gi trong


100% nc thi
0,1
0,1

Bq/l

1,0

41

1,0

8
-

Tiu lun mn C s thit k nh my thc phm


ti: Thit k nh my mt du

GVHD: C V Th Hoan
Nhm thc hin: HTP4

TI LIU THAM KHO


[1] Encyclopedia: www.reference.com
Tra cu v du: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Strawberry
[2] Nutrition Facts Calorie Counter : www.nutritiondata.com
Thnh phn dinh dng ca jam du:http://www.nutritiondata.com/foods-strawberry%20jam
[3] www.incoeeca.com Bo gi pectin thc phm
[4] PGS.TS L Vn Tn, Nguyn Th Hin, Hong Th L Bng, Qun L H Cng ngh bo
qun & ch bin rau qu - NXB Khoa hc v k thut 2008.
[5] ThS. L M Hng K thut ch bin hp mt qu - 2009
[6] ThS. L B Thanh Cng ngh ch bin rau qu - 2008
[7] www.vatgia.com Kho st gi nguyn liu, thit b
[8] www.hoanam.vn Cng ty c phn xut nhp khu Hoa Nam

42

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