So snh gia nh thu trn v nh thu c km chng t? So snh gia D/P v D/A?

a. nh ngha: L phng thc thanh ton hng ho m trong ngi bn sau khi giao hng cho ngi mua s tin hnh k pht hi phiu, nh NH thu h tin NK - Nh thu trn (Clean Collection) - Nh thu km chng t (Documentary Collection) Nh thu trn: l phng thc thanh ton m ngi bn sau khi giao hng cho ngi mua s tin hnh lp BCT v chuyn ton b chng t cho ngi mua nhn hng. Sau , ngi bn mi k pht hi phiu cho NH nh NH thu h tin ngi mua (tr sau). Nh thu km chng t: l hnh thc m ngi bn sau khi giao hng ha cho ngi mua s lp BCT v k pht B/E nh NH phc v mnh thu h tin ngi mua vi iu kin l NM tr tin hoc chp nhn B/E mi giao BCT cho ngi mua nhn hng nu ko th gi li BCT cho ngi bn. b. Quy trnh: Payment by D/A (D/P) 100% invoice value: in favoue of the... / 60 days/ 90 days

Nh thu km chng t:
(1) Ngi bn lp BCT (invoice, B/L, P/L, B/E, Insert, Q&Q Certificate, C/O) (2) Sau s giao BCT + B/E nh NH thu h tin ngi mua. Ngi bn u quyn cho NH thu h tin (k kt bn v Remitting Bank). (3) Chuyn BCT v HP t Remitting Bank sang Collecting Bank. (4) Collecting bank (NH nh thu ngi mua) gi B/E v yu cu ngi mua tr tin hoc chp nhn tr tin. Nu Collecting bank khng chp nhn nh thu th phi gi li BCT Remitting bank nh NH khc thu h. (5) Nu: - D/P: tr ngay. - D/A: yu cu ngi mua k chp nhn trn B/E hoc th, nu khng chp nhn th ni l do v trong quy trnh tranh chp Collecting bank khng chu trch nhim. (6) Collecting bank: c th chuyn tin hoc BCT cho ngi mua. (7) NH bn mua chuyn tin hoc hon li B/E nu t chi tr tin. (8) NH bn bn chuyn tin v bo c hoc hon li nu B/E t chi tr tin. Ri ro: Bt li cho ngi bn -> chu CPVC cao do nhiu khi bn mua khng mua -> cn nhc vic bn li hng ho . * Nh thu trn (ging tr sau)

Phng thc nh thu: Ngi xut khu sau khi hon thnh nhim v xut chuyn hng ho cho ngi nhp khu th u thc cho ngn hng phc v mnh thu h s tin ngi nhp khu trn c s hi phiu do mnh lp ra. Cc thnh phn ch yu tham gia phng thc thanh ton ny nh sau: - Ngi xut khu - Ngn hng phc v ngi xut khu - Ngn hng i l ca ngn hng phc v ngi xut khu ( l ngn hng quc gia ca ngi nhp khu) - Ngi nhp khu Phng thc nh thu c phn ra lm hai loi nh sau: - Nh thu phiu trn: Ngi xut khu sau khi xut chuyn hng ho, lp cc chng t hng ho gi trc tip cho ngi nhp khu (khng qua ngn hng), ng thi u thc cho ngn hng phc v mnh thu h tin trn c s hi phiu do mnh lp ra. Phng thc thanh ton ny t c s dng trong thanh ton thng mi quc t v n khng m bo quyn li cho ngi xut khu. - Nh thu km chng t: l phng thc trong ngi xut khu u thc cho ngn hng thu h tin ngi nhp khu, khng nhng ch cn c vo hi phiu m cn cn c vo b chng t hng ho, gi km theo vi iu kin l ngi nhp khu tr tin hoc chp nhn hi phiu c k hn, th ngn hng mi trao b chng t hng ho i nhn hng. Theo phng thc ny ngn hng khng ch l ngi thu h tin m cn l ngi khng ch b chng t hng ho. Vi cch khng ch ny quyn li ca ngi xut khu c m bo hn.

Phng thc tn dng chng t:

Phng thc tn dng chng t l mt s tho thun m trong mt ngn hng theo yu cu ca khch hng s tr mt s tin nht nh cho mt ngi th 3 hoc chp nhn hi phiu do ngi th 3 k pht trong phm vi s tin , khi ngi th 3 ny xut trnh b chng t thanh ton ph hp vi nhng quy nh ra trong th tn dng. Nh vy, tin hnh thanh ton bng phng thc ny, bt buc phi hnh thnh mt th tn dng. y l mt vn bn php l quan trng ca phng thc thanh ton ny, v nu khng c th tn dng th xut khu s khng giao hng v nh vy phng thc tn dng chng t cng s khng hnh thnh c. Tn dng th l vn bn php l trong ngn hng m tn dng th cam kt tr tin cho ngi xut khu, nu nh h xut trnh y b chng t thanh ton ph hp vi ni dung ca th tn dng m.

Th tn dng c hnh thnh trn c s hp ng thng mi, tc l phi cn c vo ni dung, yu cu ca hp ng ngi nhp khu lm th tc yu cu ngn hng m th tn dng. Nhng sau khi c m, th tn dng li hon ton c lp vi hot ng thng mi . iu c ngha l khi thanh ton, ngn hng ch cn c vo ni dung th tn dng m thi. Cc loi th tn dng ch yu l: - Th tn dng c th hu ngang: y l loi th tn dng m sau khi c m th vic b sung sa cha hoc hu b c th tin hnh mt cch n phng. - Th tn dng khng th hu ngang: L loi th tn dng sau khi c m th vic sa i, b sung hoc hu b ch c ngn hng tin hnh theo tho thun ca tt c cc bn c lin quan. Trong thng mi quc t th tn dng ny c s dng ph bin nht. - Th tn dng khng th hu b c xc nhn: L loi th tn dng khng th hu b, c mt ngn hng khc m bo tr tin theo yu cu ca ngn hng m th tn dng. - Th tn dng chuyn nhng: L loi th tn dng khng th hu b, trong quy nh quyn ca ngn hng tr tin c tr hon ton hay tr mt phn ca th tn cho mt hay nhiu ngi theo lnh ca ngi hng li u tin.

Cu hoi : So snh phng thc nh thu trn v nh thu km chng t? * Ging nhau: - u l cc phng thc ca thanh ton nh thu. - C nhiu u im: Ngi bn sau khi giao H2 cho ngi mua h k pht hi phiu i tin ngi mua ri n NH nh thu h s tin trn hi phiu. - Trnh t lun chuyn chng t: Nc XK 2 7^ ---------6--------> ---------1--------> Nc NK 4^ 5

NH phc v XK

NH phc v NK

<--------3-------(1): Nc XK theo hp ng chuyn H2 cho nc NK. (2): Nc NK nhp chng t v hi phiu gi n NH phc v mnh nh thu h tin hng. (3): NH XK kim tra chng t hi phiu gi sang NH NK. (4): NH NK thng bo cho ngi NK bit chun b tr tin. (5): Ngi NK tr tin cho NH ca mnh. (6): NH NK lm th tc tr tin qua NH XK. (7): NH XK chuyn tr tin cho nc XK. - c im: + Trong phng thc ny bc u v bc kt thc u xy ra v tr bn. + Qu trnh thanh ton l lun chuyn chng t qua 7 bc trung gian trong H2 c chuyn i trc, TT nhn c sau iu ny th hin c tnh u vit ca quan h thanh ton QT. + n v NK nhn c H2 vt t, trc khi tr tin v vy h c iu kin m rng sn xut kinh doanh v sinh hot trc. Mt khc TT tr sau trong khon thi gian nh NK c s dng 1 khon tn dng gia tng ngun vn sx KD. * Khc nhau: 1, Khi nim: A, Phng thc nh thu trn: L loi nh thu khng km theo chng t thng mi m ch c chng t TC. B, Phng thc nh thu km chng t: L loi nh thu km theo chng t thng mi. 2, c im: A, Phng thc nh thu trn:

- t c s dng trong thanh ton QT. - Khng c m bo tnh chc chn cho ngi bn nhn c tin do ch c dng thu tin cc ph vn ti, ph bo him v l ph hoa hng. B, Phng thc nh thu km chng t: - c s dng nhiu cho thanh ton QT. - m bo kh nng tr tin gip bn mua kim tra H2 ca mnh theo hi phiu. - t ri ro.