Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

A. TNG QUAN KIN THC

I.Kin thc p dng :
- Sut in ng xut hin trong cun dy :
' Li
dt
di
L e
- Hiu in th gia hai u t :
C
q
U
- nh lut m cho on mch tng qut:

AB
AB
AB
R
e u
i
+

Trong
e
c th l sut in ng(e>0) hoc sut phn in(e<0).
- nh lut KicSp :
+ nh lut KicSp I:
( ) ( )

m
K
Ra K
n
i
vao i
i i
1 1
+ nh lut KicSp II:

m
K
K
n
i
i i
e R i
1 1
- Nng lng in trng :
C
q
2
1
W
2

- Nng lng t :
2
t
Li
2
1
W
- Nu mch khng c in tr thun v b qua hao ph do bc x in t th :

+
2
2
2
1
2
1
K K
i
i
i L
c
q
=const
- Quan h gia cc i lng c trng ca sng :

'

2
T
T
f v
II.Phng php :
Khi gii bi ton v mch dao ng,ta cn tun th th t theo cc bc mang
tnh cht nguyn tc sau y :
1) Ta phi chn chiu dng in trong mch v chiu tch in ca t
in ti mt thi im bt k (thng ta chn chiu dng in chy
theo chiu thun ca mt mng).
2) Xc nh c hiu in th hai u t in , hai u cun dy :
V d: Xt mch bn :
C
q
u
AB


2 2 2 AB
1 1 1 AB
' i L e u
' i L e u


- 1 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
Trong hnh v ny ta phi xc nh c quan h gia dng in i qua t
in v in tch t in. Nu dng in c chiu t bn dng sang bn m
xuyn qua t in th
'
q i +
v ngc li th
' q i
3) Vit biu thc nh lut Kic xp I cho cc nt v nh lut Kic sp II
cho cc mt mng :
V d: Ti A :
2 1 2 1
' i ' i ' i i i i + +
(1)
Mt mng A(L
1
)B(C)A v A(L
2
)B(C)A:

'

2 2
1 1
'
'
i L
C
q
i L
C
q
(2)
4)Bng cch kh dng in qua cc cun dy a v dng phng
trnh vi phn hng hai,thng phng trnh vi phn hng hai c dng :
+Nu thi H hoc HSG quc gia theo ch I thng l:
( ) + + t sin Q q 0 q " q
0
(3)
+ Nu thi HSG quc gia tr ln theo ch II c dng h sau :

( )
( )

'

+ + +
+ + +
0 q m q n " q m " q n
0 q m q n " q m " q n
2 2 1 2
2
2 2 2 1 2
2 1 1 1
2
1 2 1 1 1
V cho nghim
( )
( )

'

+ +
+ +
2 2 2 2 1 2
1 1 2 1 1 1
t sin . B " q m " q n
t sin . A " q m " q n
(4)
T gii (4) ta s c phng trnh dao ng ca
1
q
v
2
q
c
th l 1 phng trnh iu ha hoc khng iu ha .
5)T iu kn ban u ca bi ton : 0 t th ta c c
) 0 ( ' ); 0 ( q q
hoc
) 0 ( ' ); 0 ( ' ); 0 ( ); 0 (
2 1 2 1
q q q q
,suy ra c
; Q
0
trong phng trnh (3) c
2 1
; ; B ; A
trong phng trnh (4). Sau da vo yu cu bi ton , ta
c th lun gii c li gii cho ph hp .
B. P DNG
DAO NG IN T
I.BI TON TH DTHEO CH I
Bi 1: (Trch thi chn HSG quc gia THPT - nm 2005)
Cho mch in c s nh hnh v. Hai t in
2 1
C ; C
ging nhau c cng
in dungC. T in
1
C
c tch in n hiu in th
0
U
, cun dy c t
- 2 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
cm L , cc kha
2 1
k ; k
ban u u m. in tr ca cun dy, ca cc dy ni
v ca cc kha l rt nh,nn c th coi dao ng in t trong mch l iu
ha.
1.ng kha
1
k
ti thi im 0 t . Hy tm biu thc ph thuc thi gian tca
:
a) Cng dng in chy qua cun dy .
b) in tch
1
q
trn bn t ni vi A ca t
1
C
.
2.Gi
0
T
l chu k dao ng ca mch
1
LC
v
2
q
l in
tch ca bn t ni vi kha
2
k
ca t
2
C
. ng kha
2
k

thi im
0 1
T t
. tm biu thc ph thuc thi gian t
ca cng dng in chy qua cun dyL v ca
2
q
.
HD
1. Gi s dng in chay trong mch nh hnh v.
Ta c:
' q i
v
" Lq ' Li u
AB

Xt mt mng A(L)B(C
1
)A:

,
_

+
+
t
LC
1
sin Q q
0
LC
q
" q " Lq
C
q
0
Ti 0 t :

'

'

'

2
0 cos
1
sin
0 ) 0 (
) 0 (
0 0
0
0 0
0

CU Q
LC
Q
CU Q
i
CU q
Vy:

,
_

+
2
t
LC
1
sin CU q q
0 1
(1)

,
_

,
_

+ t
LC
1
sin
L
C
U
2
t
LC
1
cos
LC
1
CU ' q i
0 0
(2)

2.Theo cu 1:
LC 2
2
T
0

(3)
- Ti
0
T t
th
0 0
CU Q q
v 0 i ; ng kha
2
k
. Sau mt khong
<< t gia hai t
2 1
C ; C
phng in trao i in tch v t n gi tr:
2
CU
2
Q
Q Q
0 0
02 01
(v
2 1
C // C
v
2 1
C C
)
- Ti
0
T t >
, dng in trong mch chy nh hng v :
- 3 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
+ Mt mng A(L)B(C
1
)A :
1
1
' Li
C
q
(1)
+ Mt mng A(C
2
)B(L)A :
2
2
' Li
C
q
(2)
+ Ti A :
2 1 l 2 1 l
' i ' i ' i i i i + +
(3)
- Thay (3) vo (1),(2) ta c :

,
_

'

'

+ +

'

+ +
+ +
'
LC 2
T
sin Q q q
q q
0
LC 2
q
" q
q q
0
LC
q
" q " q
0
LC
q
" q " q
0
LC
q
" q " q
02 2 1
2 1
1
1
2 1
1
2 1
2
2 1
1
2 1
vi
0
T t T

Lc
( )
0
T t 0 T
th :
( )
( )
2
'
0 i
2
CU
Q q
0 1
0
01 0 1

'

- Vy

,
_

,
_

2
2
sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
sin
2
0 1
0
1 2


LC
t
L
C
U i i
LC
t CU
q q
L
Bi2: ( chuyn bi dng . . .V Thanh Khit)
Cho mch dao ng nh hnh v. Ti thi im ban u kho K m v t in
c in tch Q
0
, cn t kia khng tch in. Hi sau khi ng kho K th in
tch cc t in v cng dng in trong mch bin i theo thi gian nh
th no? Hy gi nh mt c h tng ng nh mch dao ng trn. Coi C
1
= C
2
= C v L bit; B qua in tr thun ca mch.
HD:
- Xt ti thi im t, gi s dng in c chiu v cc
t tch in nh hnh v.
i = - q
1
/
= q
2
/
(1)
e = - L
dt
di
= - Li
/
(2)
+ q
1
+ q
2
= Q
0
(3)
- Ap dng nh lut m :

C
q
C
q
2 1

- Li
/
= 0

C
q
1
2
+ Lq
1
//
-
C
Q
0
= 0

q
1
//
+ LC
Q
LC
q
0 1
2

= 0 (4)
- 4 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
t x = LC
Q
LC
q
0 1
2

x
//
=
2
//
1
LC
q

q
1
//
=
2
LC
x
//
thay vo
(4) :
2
LC
.x
//
+ x = 0
Hay x
//
+
LC
2
x = 0

x = X
0
.sin( ) .
2
+ t
LC

'

+
+ +
) .
2
cos( . .
2
) .
2
sin( .
2 2
0
/
1
0
0
1

t
LC
X
LC
q i
t
LC
X
LC Q
q
Ap dng iu kin ban u: t = 0

'

0
) 0 (
0 1
i
Q q

'

cos .
2
0
sin .
2 2
0
0
0
0
X
LC
X
LC Q
Q

'

'

LC
Q
X X
X
LC Q
0
0 0
0
0
2
cos 0
sin .
2 2

Vy q
1
=
2
0
Q
+
2
0
Q
.sin(
LC
2
.t +
2

i = - q
1
/
= -
2
0
Q
.
LC
2
cos(
LC
2
+
2

) =
LC
Q
2
0
sin(
LC
2
.t )
Mch dao ng trn tng ng nh 1
c h
( hnh v). Trong ban u 1 trong 2 l
xo b nn hoc dn v l xo cn li cha
bin dng.
Bi3: Cho mch dao ng nh hnh v. Ban u t C
1
tch in n hiu in
th U
0
= 10(V), cn t C
2
cha tch in, cc cun dy
khng c dng in chy qua. Bit L
1
= 10mH; L
2
=
20mH; C
1
= 10nF ; C
2
= 5nF. Sau kho K ng. Hy
vit biu thc dng in qua mi cun dy. B qua in
tr thun ca mch.
HD:
- Xt ti thi im t, b t c v li v dng in
qua cc cun dy c chiu nh hnh v.

'

+
+
) 4 (
) 3 (
) 2 (
) 1 (
/
/
2 2 2
/
1 1 1
q i
C
q
u
i L e u
i L e u
b
AB
AB
AB
- 5 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
- Ap dng nh lut KicSp cho cc mt mng v nt:

'

+
+ +
) 6 (
) 5 ( .
2 1
/
2
/
1 1
i i i
L i L
C
q
b
T (6) ta suy ra: i
/
= i
1
/
+ i
2
/

- q
//
= +
b b
C L
q
C L
q
2 1
+

q
//
+
)
1 1
(
1
2 1
L L C
b
+
q = 0
Hay q
//
+
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
q = 0

q = Q
0
.sin[
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
. t +

]
Ti t = 0

'

'

cos 0
sin
0 ) 0 (
) 0 (
0 0 1 0 1
Q U C
i
U C q

'

2
0 1 0

U C Q
Vy q = C
1
U
0
.sin [
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
.t +
2

] (7)

i = - C
1
U
0
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
cos[
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
.t +
2

]
= C
1
U
0
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
.sin(
2 1 2 1
2 1
) (
) (
L L C C
L L
+
+
.t) (8)
T (5) L
1
i
1
/
= L
2
i
2
/

L
1
i
1
= L
2
i
2
v i
2
=
2
1
L
L
.i
1
(9)
Thay vo (6) ta c:
i
1
=
2 1
2
L L
L
+ i = C
1
U
0
) .
) (
( sin .
) )( (
2 1 2 1
2 1
1 2 1 2 1
2
t
L L C C
L L
L C C L L
L
+
+
+ +
i
2
=
2 1
1
L L
L
+ i = C
1
U
0
) .
) (
( sin .
) )( (
2 1 2 1
2 1
2 2 1 2 1
1
t
L L C C
L L
L C C L L
L
+
+
+ +
Thay s ta c: i
1
=
3
2
.10
-3
.sin10
5
t (A) =
3
2
.sin10
5
t (mA)
=
3
2
sin(100000t) (mA)
i
2
=
3
1
.sin(100000t) (mA)

Bi4 : (Trch : thi Olympic Vt l ti Lin
bang Nga nm 1987)
Cho mch in nh hnh bn. Cc phn t
trong mch u l l tng .
a) ng kha K , tm I
max
trong cun dy v
U
1max
trn t in C
1
.
b) Kho st s bin thin in tch ca t in khi ng kha K .
- 6 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
HD:
+ Khi K m : cc t C
1
v C
2
c in tch :

1 2
01 02
1 2
CC
Q Q E
C C

+

- Khi K ng :
Gi s chiu ca cc dng in trong mch v
in tch ca cc bn t (hnh v)
Ta c :
1 2 L
i i i +
(1)
'
2
1
2
q
Li
C

(2)
'
1 1
i q
(3)
'
2 2
i q
(4)
'
1 2 1
1 2 1
L
q q q
Li E
C C C
+ +
(5)
T (5)
1 2
' '
1 2 2
2 1
1 2 1 2 1
0 0
q q
i i C
i i
C C C C C
+ +
(6)
T (5)
'
" "
1 1
1 1
0 0
L L
q i
Li Li
C C
+ +
(7)
T (6) v (1) suy ra :
2 1
1 1 1
1 1 2
L L
C C
i i i i i
C C C

+
Thay vo (7) c :
"
1 2
0
( )
L
L
i
i
L C C
+
+
(*) t
2
1 2
1
( ) L C C

+
Nghim phng trnh (*) l :
0
( )
L L
i I Sin t +
- Ti t=0 th
0 0
L
i

'
0 L L
i I Cos t
T (5) suy ra :
E t cos LI
C
q
L 0
1
1
+
- Ti t=0 th
1 01
q Q
nn

01 2
0 0
1 1 2
L L
Q EC
LI E L I E
C C C
+ +
+

1 1
0
1 2 1 2
( )
L
E C EC
I
L C C L C C

+ +
Ta c :
1
max 0
1 2
( )
L
EC
I I
L C C

+
Suy ra :
1
1
1 2
( )
LEC
u E Cos t
L C C

+
- 7 -

Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

1
1
1 2
1 1 2
1max
1 2 1 2
( )
(2 )
( )
EC
u E Cos t
C C
EC E C C
U E
C C C C

+
+
+
+ +

1
1 1 1 1
1 2
'
1
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
2
1 2
(1 )
( )
( )
L
C
q Cu C E Cos t
C C
EC
q LC i LC Cos t
L C C
CC
q E Cos t
C C

+

+

+
Bi5 : (Trch thi chn HSG quc gia THPT - nm
2003)
Trong mch in nh hnh v, t in c in dung l
C, hai cun dy L
1
v L
2
c t cm ln lt l L
1
=L,
L
2
=2L; in tr ca cc cun dy v dy ni khng
ng k. thi im t=0 khng c dng qua cun dy
L
2
, t in khng tch in cn dng qua cun dy L
1
l I
1
.
a) Tnh chu k ca dao ng in t trong mch.
b) Lp biu thc ca cng dng in qua mi cun dy theo thi
gian.
HD:
- Chn chiu dng in nh hnh v
Gi q l in tch bn t ni vi B
Ta c:
1 2 C
i i i +
(1)
' '
2
2 0
C
Li Li
(2)
'
1
q
Li
C

(3)
'
C
i q
(4)
o hm hai v ca (1) (2) v (3):
" " "
C 1 2
" "
1 2
"
C
1
i =i +i (1)
Li -2Li =0 (2)
i q
Li =+ =- (3)
C C

'

"
C C
3
i - i
2LC

- 8 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
Chng t i
C
dao ng iu ha vi
3
=
2LC

3
LC 2
2
2
T

+
0
( ) (5)
C
i I Sin t +
T (2)
const ) i 2 i ( const )' Li 2 Li (
2 1 2 1

Ti t=0 th :
1 1 2 1 2 1
i =I , i =0 i -2i =I (6)
+
1 2 C 0C
i +i =i =I Sin(t+ )
Gii h c :

0 1
1
0 1
2
'
0
1
2
Sin(t+ )
3 3
I
i Sin(t+ )-
3 3
2
L C.Cos(t+ )
3
C
C
C
AB
I I
i
I
I
q
u Li
C

Ti thi im t=0 :
1 1 2
; 0; 0
AB
i I i u
.
Gii h c :
0 1
;
2
C
I I


Vy :
1 1
1
2 3
3 3 2
I I
i Cos t
LC
+

1 1
2
3
3 2 3
I I
i Cos t
LC

.II.BI TON LUYN TPTHEO CH I
Bi 6: Cho mch in c s nh hnh v. Hai t C
1
, C
2
c in dung bng
nhau: C
1
= C
2
= C ; cun dy thun cm c t cm L; ngun c sut in
ng E, b qua in tr dy ni v kho K. Ban u kho K cht a, sau
ng sang cht b.
1) Vit biu thc in tch ph thuc thi gian trn cc
t C
1
,C
2
khi kho K ng sng cht b. Ly mc thi
gian l lckho K ng vo cht b.
2) Tnh in lng chy qua tit din thng ca dy
dn sau mt chu k bin i ca in tch trn t C
1
.
Ap dng s: C = 0,5

F ; L = 5mH ; E = 6V.
S: 1) q
1
= ] 1 ) 10 . 2 2 [cos( 5 , 1 ] 1 ) .
2
[cos(
2
4
+ + t t
LC
CE

c
q
2
= ] 1 ) 10 . 2 2 [cos( 5 , 1 ] 1 ) .
2
[cos(
2
4
t t
LC
CE

c
2) i = q
1
/
= - t
LC LC
CE
.
2
sin )
2
(
2
)

4
0
2 ) ( 4
T
CE dt i q = 6

c
- 9 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
Bi 7 : Mt mch dao ng LC gm mt t in 1,0nF v mt cun cm 3,0mH
c in p chnh bng 3,0V.
a) Hi in tch cc i trn t in.
b) Hi dng in cc i chy qua mch? Hi nng lng cc i c d
tr trong t trng ca cun dy.
p s:a)Q
max
=3.10
-9
C
b)I
max
= 3 10
-3
A;W= 4,5.10
-9
J
Bi8: Trong mch in nh HV:U=34V; R=14; C=6,2
F
;L=54mH, o in v tr a trong mt thi gian
di. By gi n c gt sang v tr b.
a) Hy tnh tn s ca dng dao ng.
b) Tnh bin ca dao ng dng in.
p s a) f=0,275kHz
b)I
ma x
=0,364A
Bi9: Bn c a cho mt cun cm L=10mH v hai tC
1
= 5,0

F vC
2
= 2,0

F. Hy k ra cc tn s dao ng c th c bng cch ni cc yu t theo

cc t hp khc nhau.
p s: (LC
1
) 712 Hz; (LC
2
) 1125Hz; (L,C
1
ntC
2
) 1331Hz; (L,C
1
song songC
2
)
602Hz
Bi 10:Mt cun cm c ni vo mt t in c in dung thay i c nh
xoay mt nm. Ta mun lm cho tn s ca cc dao ng LC thay i tuyn
tnh vi gc quay ca nm, i t 2x10
5
n 4x10
5
Hz khi nm quay 1 gc 180
0
.
Nu L = 1,0mH hy biu din bng th C nh mt hm s ca gc quay.
p s:f=

.6,3662.10
4

2
9
10 . 25 , 6

C
(

l gc quay ca nm xoay)
Bi 11:Trong mt mch LC, L = 25,0mH v C = 7,80

F thi im t = 0,
dng bng 9,20mA, in tch trn t in bng 3,80

F v t ang c np.
a) Hi nng lng tng cng trong mch bng bao nhiu?
b) Hi in tch cc i trn t in?
c) Hi dng cc i?
d) Nu in tch trn t in c cho bi q = Qcos(
+ t
) th gc pha

bng bao nhiu?
e) Gi s cc d kin vn nh vy, tr thi im t = 0 , t ang phng
in. Khi gc pha

bng bao nhiu?

p s:a)W=1,98
J
b)Q=5,56
C
c)I=12,6mA.
d)
0
9 , 46
e)
0
9 , 46
Bi12: Mt mch ni tip gm cun cm L
1
v t in C
1
dao ng vi tn s
gc

. Mt mch ni tip th hai , cha cun cm L

2
v t C
2
, cng dao ng
- 10 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
vi cng tn s gc nh vy. Hi tn s gc ca dao ng(tnh theo

) ca
mch ni tip cha c bn yu t ? B qua in tr c trong mch.
(gi : dng cc cng thc cho in dung tng
ng v t cm tng ng).
p s:
2 2 1 1
1
1 1
C L C L

Bi 13: Trn HV t C
1
=900

F mi u c np
n 100V v t in C
2
=100

F khng c in tch.
Hy m t chi tit lm th no np t in C
2
n
300V nh cc kho S
1
v S
2
.Bit L=10H.
Bi14: (Trch thi chn HSG QG nm 1992 1993)
Mt mch dao ng gm 1 t in v 1 cun dy thun cm. Mch c ni
qua kho K vi mt b pin c sut in ng (E,r)(HV). K ng v dng in
n nh th ngi ta m kho K, trong mch LC c dao ng in vi chu k
T. Bit rng hiu in th cc i gia hai bn t ln gp n ln sut in ng
b pin. Hy tnh theo T v n in dung C ca t v t cm L ca cun
dy.
HD:i vi bi ny mch LC dao ng iu
ho nn ch cn p dng nh lut bo ton nng
lng: C =
rn
T
2
v L =
2
Trn
Bi15: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Cc t in
c cng gi tr in dung C,cc cun dy c cng
h s t cm Lphn t trong mch u l tng.
1) ng kho K, tm
max
) (
L
i
trong cun dy
v max
) (
1
c
u
trn t C
1
2) Kho st s bin thin in tch ca cc
t in khi kho K ng.
S: 1)
max
) (
L
i
=
0
6
U
L
C
.

max 1
) (u
=
0
3
4
U
.
2) q
1
= CU
0
-
t
LC
U
C 1
cos
3
0
q
2
=q
3
=
t
LC
U
C 1
cos .
3
0 .
Bi 16: Mt t in c in dung C v hai cun dy thun cm c cc h s t
cm L
1
v L
2
( in tr khng ng k ) c mc thnh
mt mach in c s nh hnh bn .
thi im ban u t in cha tch in v khng
c dng in trong cun dy L
2
nhng c dng in I
0
trong
- 11 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
cun dy L
1
. Hy tnh in tch cc i ca t in v cng cc i ca
dng in trong cun dy L
2
.
Bi 26: Cho mch dao ng gm t C v cun dy thun cm L
1
= L .Ti thi
im khi in tch ca t l Q v cng dng in qua cun dy l I th
ngi ta mc thm cun dy thun cm L
2
= 2L song song vi cun L
1
.
a) Tm qui lut bin thin in tch ca t.
b) Khi q
max
th dng in qua hai cun cm c chiu nh th no v c gi
tr bng bao nhiu ?
DAO NG IN T LIN KT
I.BI TON TH DTHEO CH II
- 12 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
Bi 1:
Hai t in c in dung
C C ; C 2 C
2 1

, ban u mi ci c tch in n
hiu in th
0
U
, sau ghp ni tip vi nhau , bn m t
1
C
c ni vi bn
dng t
2
C
. Cng mt lc ngi ta ng c hai
kha
1
k
v
2
k
. Bit hai cun dy thun cm c
t cm
L 2 L ; L L
2 1

mc nh hnh v.
a)Tm dng in cc i qua mi cun cm .
b)Hi sau bao nhiu lu t lc ng 2 kha ,
dng in qua cun cm t cc i .
HD
a)Xt ti thi im t no ( 0 t > ), gi s dng
in trong mch c chiu nh hnh v . Khi ta c
:

'

C
q
u
C 2
q
' Li e u
' Li 2 e u
' q i ; ' q i
2
MB
1
1 1 AM
2 2 AB
2 2 1 3
- Xt mt mng :
A(L
1
)M(C
1
)A : 0 ' Li
C 2
q
1
1
(1)
A(L
2
)B(C
2
)M(C
1
)A : 0
C 2
q
C
q
' Li 2
1 2
2
(2)
Ti M :
2 1 2 3 1 2 1 3
" q " q ' i ' i ' i i i i + +
(3)
Thay (3) vo (1),(2) ta c h theo q
1
v q
2
:

( )
( ) ( )

'

,
_

,
_

+ +

'

+
+ + +

'

+ +
+ +

'

+ +
+
2 1 2
1 2 1
1 2 1 2
2 1 2 1
2 1
2
2 1
1
2 1
2
1
2 1
2
sin . 2
sin .
0 2
4
1
' " 2
0
1
" "
0
2 4
"
0
2 4
3
"
0
2 4
"
0
2
" "

LC
t
B q q
LC
t
A q q
q q
LC
q q
q q
LC
q q
LC
q
LC
q
q
LC
q
LC
q
q
LC
q
LC
q
q
LC
q
q q
- Gi thit cho : 0 t th
0 ) 0 ( ' ; 0 ) 0 ( ' ; ) 0 ( ; 2 ) 0 (
2 1 0 2 0 1
q q CU q CU q
.Thay tt
c iu kin ban u vo (4) ta c:



1 0
sin . 3 A CU
(a)
- 13 -
(4)
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

2
sin . 0 B
(b)
1
cos 0
LC
A

(c)
2
cos
2
0
LC
B

(d)
Gii h (a),(b),(c),(d) ta c : 0 B ; CU 3 A ;
2
0 1

thay vo (4) ta
c :

'

,
_

,
_

+
2
sin
2
sin 2
0 2
0 1

LC
t
CU q
LC
t
CU q

- Vy
LC
t
sin
L
C
U q i
0 2 2

( )
LC
t
L
C
U i
q
q q i i i sin
2
'
' '
0 1
1
2 1 2 3 1

b)Vy khi LC
2 4
T
t

th dng
2 1
i ; i
cc i.
Bi 2: (Trch d b thi Olympic VL Chu 2004)
Cho mt mch in gm 2 t in, mi t c in
dung C, ni vi 3 cun cm, mt cun c t
cm L
0
, cn hai cun kia mi cun c t cm L
(Hnh v bn ).
Ban u trong cc on mch u khng c dng
in v cc t tch in nh sau: bn A
1
mang in
tch Q
1
= Q, bn B
2
mang in tch Q
2
.
ng kho K
1
v K
2
cng mt lc .
1. Hy vit biu thc cho cc cng dng
in i
1
, i
2
v i
3
theo thi gian trong iu kin : Q
1
= Q
2
= Q.
2. Vi gi tr no ca Q
2
i
3
= 0 qua cun L
0
mi thi im. Vit biu
thc i
1
, i
2
khi .
3. Vi gi tr ca Q
2
nh th no ta lun c i
1
= i
2
= i
3
/2 .
Bi gii:
- Gi q
1
, q
2
l in tch ln lt trn cc bn A
1
v B
2
v dng in c chiu
nh hnh v ti thi im t:
i
1
= - q
1
/
(1)
i
2
= - q
2
/
(2)
i
1
+ i
2
= i
3
(3)
1. Ap dng nh lut Kic Sp cho cc mt
mng.
- 14 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
+ Mt mng: (MA
1
NM) :
C
q
1
- Li
1
/
- L
0
i
3
/
= 0 (4)
(MB
2
NM) :
C
q
2
- Li
2
/
- L
0
i
3
/
= 0 (5)
+ Ly (4) tr (5) : (q
1
q
2
)
C
1
+ L (i
2
/
- i
1
/
) = 0

(q
1
//
-q
2
//
) +
LC
1
(q
1
q
2
) = 0

q
1
q
2
= A.sin( 1
.
1
+ t
LC
) (6)
+ Ly (4) cng (5) : (q
1
+ q
2
)
C
1
- L(i
1
/
+ i
2
/
) 2L
0
i
3
/
= 0
Thay (1), (2) v (3) vo ta c: (q
1
+ q
2
)
C
1
+ L(q
1
//
+ q
2
//
) + 2L
0
(q
1
//
+ q
2
//
) =
0

(q
1
//
+ q
2
//
) +
) 2 (
1
0
L L C +
.(q
1
+ q
2
) = 0

q
1
+ q
2
= B.Sin(
2
0
.
) 2 (
1
+
+
t
C L L
) (7)
T (6) v (7)

- i
1
+ i
2
= 1
.
1
cos( . + t
LC LC
A
) (8)
- i
1
i
2
=
2
0 0
) 2 (
cos( .
) 2 (
+
+ + L L C
t
L L
B
) (9)
T (6) v (7) ta c:
q
1
=
2
A
Sin(
LC
t
+
1

) +
2
B
Sin(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

) (10)
q
2
= -
2
A
.Sin(
LC
t
+
1

) +
2
B
Sin(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

) (11)
T (8) v (9) ta c:
i
1
= -
LC
A
2
cos(
LC
t
+
1

) -
) 2 ( 2
0
L L C
B
+
cos(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

) (12)
i
2
=
LC
A
2
cos(
LC
t
+
1

) -
) 2 ( 2
0
L L C
B
+
cos(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

) (13)
Ap dng iu kin ban u: lc t = 0 th:

'

0 ) 0 (
0 ) 0 (
) 0 (
) 0 (
2
1
2
1
i
i
Q q
Q q
Thay vo (10), (11), (12), (13) ta c:
- 15 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

'

+

+
+
) ( cos
) 2 ( 2
_ cos
2
0
) ( cos
) 2 ( 2
cos
2
0
) (
2 2
) (
2 2
2
0
1
2
0
1
2 1
2 1
d
L L C
B
LC
A
c
L L C
B
LC
A
b Sin
B
Sin
A
Q
a Sin
B
Sin
A
Q




T (a), (b) v (c), (d) ta c h:

'

) ( cos
) 2 (
0
) ( sin 0
) ( cos .
) 2 (
0
) ( sin . 2
/
1
0
/
1
/
2
0
/
2
d
L L C
A
c A
b
L L C
B
a B Q

T (a
/
) v (b
/
) ta c
2
2


v B = 2Q
T (c
/
) v (d
/
) ta c A = 0
Thay kt qu trn vo (12) v (13):
i
1
= i
2
= -
2
) 2 (
cos( .
) 2 (
0 0

+
+ + L L C
t
L L C
Q
)
i
3
= -
2
) 2 (
cos( .
) 2 (
2
0 0

+
+ + L L C
t
L L C
Q
2.
a) Mun i
3
= 0 vi mi t th:
i
3
= i
1
+ i
2
= -
2
0 0
) 2 (
cos( .
) 2 (
+
+ + L L C
t
L L C
B
) = 0
Mun vy B = 0

'

+
+
+
+
) sin(
2
) sin(
2
) cos( .
2
) cos(
2
1 2
1 1
1 2
1 1

LC
t A
q
LC
t A
q
LC
t
LC
A
i
LC
t
LC
A
i
Kt hp iu kin ban u:
- 16 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

'

0 ) 0 (
0 ) 0 (
) 0 (
) 0 (
2
1
2
1
i
i
Q q
Q q

'

1
1
1 2
1 1
cos
2
0
cos
2
0
2
2

LC
A
LC
A
Sin
A
Q
Sin
A
Q

Q
1
= - Q
2

2
1


Vi Q
1
= Q

Q
2
= - Q

A = 2Q
1

'

+
+
)
2
cos(
)
2
cos(
2
1

LC
t
LC
Q
i
LC
t
LC
Q
i
b) i
1
= i
2
=
2
3
i
th :
-
LC
A
2
cos(
LC
t
+
1

)-
2
B
cos(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

)=
LC
A
2
cos(
LC
t
+
1

)-
2
B
cos(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

)
T

A = 0

i
1
= i
2
= -
2
B
cos(
) 2 (
0
L L C
t
+
+
2

)
Ap dng iu kin ban u :

'

0 ) 0 (
0 ) 0 (
) 0 (
) 0 (
2
1
2
1
i
i
Q q
Q q

'

2
0
2 2
2 1
cos
) 2 ( 2
0
sin .
2
sin .
2

L L C
B
B
Q
B
Q

=
2

v Q
1
= Q
2
; B = 2Q
1
Vi Q
1
= Q. Vy khi i
1
= i
2
= -
)
2
) 2 (
cos(
) 2 (
0 0

+
+ + L L C
t
L L C
Q
Bi 3:(Trch thi chn i tuyn HS d thi
Olympc Vt l quc t nm 2001).
Gia hai im A v B c ba onn mch in
mc song song nh HV. Mi on mch u
c mt t in in dung C; c hai on mch
cha cun cm c t cm L; tt c cc cun
- 17 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
cm v dy ni u c in tr thun bng khng. Hai cun cm t cch nhau
c th b qua nh hng ca t trng ca cun cm ny ln cun cm kia.
Trong mch c dao ng in.
1. K hiu q
1
, q
2
, q
3
ln lt l in tch ca bn A
1
, A
2
, A
3
ca t in; i
1
, i
2
, i
3
ln lt l cng dng in i t cc bn A
1
, A
2
, A
3
ca t in ti A (chiu
dng c chn l chiu ca mi tn trn hnh v).
a) Vit phng trnh cho mi quan h gia cng dng in i
k
. (k = 1, 2, 3. .
.)
b) Vit biu thc ca hiu in th u
BA
= V
A
V
B
theo cc d kin ca tng
on mch BA
1
A, BA
2
A, BA
3
A.
2) Tm biu thc cho s ph thuc vo thi gian ca cng dng in i
2
trong on mch khng cha cun cm.
3) Chng t rng , cng dng in trong mi on mch c cha cun cm
l tng ca hai s hng bin i iu ho theo thi gian. Hy tnh cc tn s gc
.
4) Xt trng hp c bit khi i
1
(t) = i
3
(t) v i
1
(t) = - i
3
(t).
HD:
1)a. Theo hnh v ta c: i
1
= -
dt
dq
1
(1) ; i
2
= -
dt
dq
2
(2) ; i
3
= -
dt
dq
3
(3)
b. Ta c:
u
AB
= V
A
V
B
=
C
q
1
- L
dt
di
1
(4)
u
AB
=
C
q
2
(5)
u
AB
=
C
q
3
- L.i
3
/
(6)
2) Theo quy tc Kicxp, ti nt A ta c:
i
1
+ i
2
+ i
3
= 0

i
2
= - i
1
i
3
(7)
(4) v (5) cho ta :
C
q
1
- Li
1
/
=
C
q
2
(8)
(5) v (6) cho ta :
C
q
3
- Li
3
/
=
C
q
2
(9)
(8) v (9) cho ta:
C
q q
3 1
+
- L
dt
i i d ) (
3 1
+
= 2
C
q
2
Ch n (7) v h qu ca (7):
Q
2
= - q
1
q
3
+ K ( K l hng s )
Ta c th bin i phng trnh ni trn thnh:
L i
2
/
= 3
C
q
2
+
C
K
Ly o hm theo thi gian hai v ca phng trnh ny ta c phng trnh
vi phn :
Li
2
//
= -
C
i
2
3
- 18 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T

i
2
//
+
LC
3
i
2
= 0 (10)
Chng t i
2
bin i iu ho theo thi gian vi tn s gc
LC
3
2
(11);
Ngha l ta c : i
2
= B.cos(
2 2
+ t
) (12)
3. Tr (8) v (9) v vi v ta c:
C
q q
3 1

- L
dt
i i d ) (
3 1

= 0 (13)
t i
4
= i
1
i
3
(14) ta c : i
4
= -
dt
i i d ) (
3 1

Ly o hm (13) theo thi gian ta c phng trnh (vi phn) :
Li
4
//
+
C
i
4
= 0

i
4
//
+
LC
1
i
4
= 0 (15)
Rt ra: i
4
= A.cos(
1 1
+ t
) (16)
Vi
LC
1
1
(17)
T (7) v (14) ta thu c:
i
1
= - (i
2
i
4
) =
2
A
cos(
1 1
+ t
) -
2
B
cos(
2 2
+ t
) (18)
i
3
= - (i
2
+ i
4
) = -
2
A
cos(
1 1
+ t
) -
2
B
cos(
2 2
+ t
) (19)
vi
LC
1
1
;
LC
3
2

4. + Xt trng hp c bit th nht: i
1
(t) = i
3
(t)

i
1
(t) = i
3
(t) =
2
) (
2
t i
: Trong h ch c dao ng in t theo mt tn s gc
LC
3
2
.
in tch ca cc t in tho mn cc h thc:
q
2
= -2q
1
= - 2q
3
, khi c s i xng gia hai on mch c cun cm.
+ Trng hp c bit th hai: i
1
(t) = - i
3
(t).
Trong trng hp ny i
2
(t) = 0. Nh vy on mch khng cha cun cm
khng tham gia vo dao ng in. V khi , c th coi c h nh mt
mch kn AA
3
BA
1
A (mch ny gm 2 cun cm ni tip 2C v hai t ni
tip vi in dung tng ng bng C/2), mch ny c dao ng in vi
tn s gc
LC
1
1
, v lun lun c q
1
= - q
3
.
II.bi ton LUYN TP theo CH I
IBi 4: Ba cun cm L ging nhau v hai t in C ging nhau c mc thnh
mt mch c hai vng nh HV.
a)Gi thit cc dng in nh
HV. Hi dng trong cun dy
gia? Vit cc phng trnh
- 19 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
mch vng v chng c tho mn nu dng in dao ng vi tn s gc
LC
1

.
b)By gi gi s cc dng nh HV. Hi dng trong cun dy gia? Vit
phng trnh cho cc mch vng v chng minh chng c tho mn nu dng
in dao ng vi tn s gc
LC 3
1

.
c)Do mch c th dao ng hai tn s khc nhau, chng minh rng khng th
thay mch hai vng cho bng mt mch LC n vng tng ng.
Bi 5:
Hai t in c in dung
C C ; C 2 C
2 1

, hai cun
dy thun cm c t cm
L 2 L ; L L
2 1

,mt
ngun in(E,r) v hai kho K
1
,K
2
mcphi hp nh
hnh v. Ban u kho K
2
ngv K
1
m. Cng mt
lc ngi ta ng K
1
v v m kho K
2
.
a)Tm tn s dao ng ca mch.
b)Vit biu thc dng in qua mi cun cm v biu
thc in tch trn mi t.
- 20 -
Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
Phn III: KT LUN
Vi kinh nghim trnh by trong chuyn ny, chng ta c th p dng
kin thc v dng in mt cch thnh tho gii mt bi ton v mch dao
ng in t. i vi hc sinh luyn thi i hc hoc luyn thi HSG cp tnh
ch cn quan tm n cc bi tp theo ch I ( dng mch LC thng thng )
trong L v C l cc gi tr tng ng cho nhiu phn t. i vi hc sinh
luyn thi hc sinh gii cp quc gia bt buc phi thnh tho gii cc bi ton
theo ch II ( mch dao ng lin kt ), y l bi ton c t hai mch vng
tr ln nn khng th xem kiu mch LC thng thng c.
Trong nhng nm qua chng ti p dng c kinh nghim gii bi ton
mch dao ng in t theo hai ch trn rt hiu qu,hc sinh tip nhn kin
thc rt nhanh, to cho hc sinh k nng x l kiu mch dao ng in t
trong cc thi rt tt .c bit trong k thi HSG cp QG,i tuyn HSG vt l
ca chng ti gii tt bi 3 thi HSG cp
QG(10/3/2005) ,gp phn t thnh tch cao trong k thi ny.
y l mt chuyn , c th lm ti liu tham kho tt cho gio vin ging
dy vt l v hc sinh THPT. Da trn c s gio vin c th sng tc cc
bi tp hoc dng bi tp theo ch ca mnh .
Chng ti hy vng rng, sau khi cc bn c xong ti liu ny s gip cho
cc bn c mt ci nhn thng sut v bi ton mch dao dng in, ng thi
s khng gp kh khn khi gii mt bi ton mch dao ng LC.
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Chuyn : DAO NG IN T
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Cc bi ton vt l chn lc. Tc gi PGS-TS V Thanh Khit.
2. Chuyn bi dng hc sinh gii vt l THPT. Tc gi PGS-TS
V Thanh Khit.
3. Bi ton c s vt l. Tc gi Lng Duyn Bnh-Nguyn Quang
Hu.
4. Bi tp vt l12. Tc gi Dng Trng Bi-V Thanh Khit.
5. 3000 bi ton in. Tc gi T Quang Hng.
6. Tuyn tp bi tp vt l nng cao .Tc gi PGS-TS V Thanh
Nguyn Th Khi.
7. Tp ch vt l v tui tr .
8. Mt s ti liu chuyn mn khc.
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