Do An

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
KHOA VIN THNG I

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N TT NGHIP I HC
Chuyn ngnh Vin Thng
ti:
NGHIN CU GIAO THC WAP
Gio vin hng dn: Ths. Phm Khc Ch Sinh vin thc hin: Hong nh Th
H NG 10/2005
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

. .
MC LC
DANH MC CC HNH NH....................................................................................................3 THUT NG VIT TT..............................................................................................................4 LI NI U................................................................................................................................5 CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG 3G................................................................................6
Lch s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng..............................................................................6
L trnh pht trin t h thng IS-95 th h 2 n cdma2000 th h 3...........................................................8 L trnh pht trin t GSM ln 3G W-CDMA..............................................................................................11
Mng 3G.........................................................................................................................................15
M hnh tham kho mng cdma2000............................................................................................................15 M hnh tham kho mng W-CDMA............................................................................................................21
MIP..................................................................................................................................................25
Tng quan v MIP.........................................................................................................................................25 MIPv4............................................................................................................................................................27 MIPv6............................................................................................................................................................29
Tm tt chng..............................................................................................................................29
CHNG II: TNG QUAN V GIAO THC WAP..............................................................30

Gii thiu........................................................................................................................................30 Khi nim WAP..............................................................................................................................30 Lch s v WAP..............................................................................................................................32 Kin trc tng quan.......................................................................................................................33
M hnh World Wide Web............................................................................................................................33 M hnh WAP................................................................................................................................................35
CHNG III: CHNG GIAO THC WAP............................................................................38

Nhn chung......................................................................................................................................38
Mi trng ng dng khng dy Wireless Application Environment WAE..........................................39 Giao thc phin khng dy Wireless Session Protocol WSP...................................................................39 Giao thc giao dch khng dy Wireless Transaction Protocol WTP.....................................................39 Bo mt lp giao vn khng dy Wireless Transport Layer Security - WTLS..........................................40 Giao thc d liu d khng dy Wireless Datagram Protocol WDP......................................................40 Cc vt mang.................................................................................................................................................41 Cc dch v v ng dng khc ......................................................................................................................41 Cc cu hnh mu ca cng ngh WAP.........................................................................................................41
M hnh tham chiu WAP.............................................................................................................43 WAE Lp ng dng (The Application Layer).........................................................................44

Nn tng.........................................................................................................................................................44 Cc mc tiu v yu cu................................................................................................................................44 M hnh kin trc WAE................................................................................................................................45 Cc thnh phn ca WAE..............................................................................................................................48 Bo mt v iu khin truy nhp...................................................................................................................52
WSP Lp Phin (The Session Layer)........................................................................................53

Cc c trng WSP........................................................................................................................................53 Cc k hiu WSP...........................................................................................................................................55 Cc phn t WSP trong truyn thng gia cc lp.......................................................................................56
WTP Lp Giao dch (The Transaction Layer)..........................................................................63

Cc c trng giao thc WTP........................................................................................................................63
Cc loi giao dch..........................................................................................................................................64 Thc th qun l WTP...................................................................................................................................65 Cc dch v cung cp ti lp trn.............................................................................................................66 Phn loi hot ng.......................................................................................................................................67
WTLS v WDP Lp Giao vn v Bo mt (Security and Transport Layer)..........................69

Wireless Transport Layer Protocol WTLS.................................................................................................70 Wireless Datagram Protocol WDP.............................................................................................................71
CHNG IV: TNG QUAN KIN TRC WAP PUSH........................................................75

Gii thiu........................................................................................................................................75 B khung ng dng Push...............................................................................................................75 Push Proxy Gateway......................................................................................................................77
Tng quan cc dch v...................................................................................................................................77 Truy nhp t pha Internet.............................................................................................................................77 Dch v iu khin thng ip.......................................................................................................................77 M ha v bin dch.......................................................................................................................................78 Dch v truy vn cc nng lc client.............................................................................................................78
Giao thc truy nhp Push..............................................................................................................78

Hot ng ca giao thc PAP........................................................................................................................78 Quy trnh push...............................................................................................................................................78 S bo co xc nhn......................................................................................................................................79 Vic hy Push................................................................................................................................................79 Truy vn kh nng client...............................................................................................................................79
Giao thc Push Over-the-Air Protocol.........................................................................................79 S xem xt bo mt........................................................................................................................80

Nhn thc mt Push Initiator.........................................................................................................................80
CHNG V: SO SNH: WAP V I-MODE..........................................................................82

S khc nhau gia WAP v I-Mode.............................................................................................82
WML v CHTML..........................................................................................................................................82 I-Mode: Lun lun kt ni.............................................................................................................................82 Cc ph........................................................................................................................................................82
Tng lai ca cng ngh Internet khng dy...............................................................................83
CHNG VI: GII THIU MT NG DNG WAP...........................................................84 KT LUN...................................................................................................................................85 TI LIU THAM KHO............................................................................................................86
DANH MC CC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1: Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng t th h 1 n th h 3. Hnh 1.2: L trnh pht trin t cdmaOne n cdma2000. Hnh 1.3: L trnh pht trin t GSM n W-CDMA. Hnh 1.4: Biu thi gian cho HSCSD i xng v khng i xng. Hnh 1.5: Cu trc mng GPRS. Hnh 1.6: Kin trc tng qut mt mng di ng kt hp c PS v CS. Hnh 1.7: M hnh tham kho mng cdma2000. Hnh 1.8: Kin trc chung ca h thng cdma2000. Hnh 1.9: Kin trc chung ca mng 3G pht hnh R3. Hnh 1.10: Kin trc mng 3G pht hnh R4. Hnh 1.11: Kin trc mng a phng tin IP ca 3GPP (R5). Hnh 1.12: ng k tam gic v nh tuyn. Hnh 1.13: IP trong IP. Hnh 1.14: Ti u nh tuyn. Hnh 2.1: M hnh mng Internet. Hnh 2.2: M hnh mng khng dy. Hnh 2.3: M hnh mng khng dy kt hp Internet. Hnh 2.4: M hnh World Wide Web. Hnh 2.5: M hnh WAP. Hnh 2.6: Mt minh ho v mng WAP. Hnh 3.1: Chng giao thc WAP. Hnh 3.2: Chng giao thc WAP mu. Hnh 3.3: M hnh tham chiu. Hnh 3.4: M hnh logic WAE. Hnh 3.5: WAE Push-Based Model. Hnh 3.6: Cc thnh phn WAE client. Hnh 3.7: Mt dch v khng bo nhn. Hnh 3.8: Thit lp Phin. Hnh 3.9: Phng thc Invoke. Hnh 3.10: Hy b phng thc Invoke. Hnh 3.11: Non-confirmed Push. Hnh 3.12: Confirmed Push. Hnh 3.13: Phc hi phin. Hnh 3.14: Mt giao dch loi 0. Hnh 3.15: Mt giao dch loi 1. Hnh 3.16: Mt giao dch loi 2. Hnh 3.17: Thit lp mt kt ni an ton. Hnh 3.18: Kin trc giao thc D liu khng dy WDP. Hnh 3.19: M hnh WDP Tng qut Hnh 4.1: So snh cc cng ngh Push v Pull. Hnh 4.2: B khung Push dng n gin nht. Hnh 4.3: B khung Push vi Push Proxy Gateway 7 10 11 12 13 15 16 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 31 32 32 34 35 37 38 42 43 46 47 48 55 59 60 61 61 62 62 67 68 69 70 72 73 75 76 76
THUT NG VIT TT
CDMA DNS GPRS GPRS GSM HDML HDTP HTML HTTP IP MMI MMS OTA PDA TCP SSL UMTS URI URL W-CDMA WAE WAP WDP WML WSP WTA WTAI WTP WWW Code Division Multiple Access Domain Name System General Packet Radio Service General Packet Radio System Global System for Mobile Comunications Handheld Device Markup Language Handheld Device Transport Protocol HyperText Markup Language HyperText Transfer Protocol Internet Protocol Man Machine Interface Multimedia Message Service Over-the-Air Personal Digital Assistant Transmission Control Protocol Secure Socket Layer Universal Mobile Telecommunocation System Uniform Resource Identifier Uniform Resource Locator Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Application Environment Wireless Application Protocol Wireless Datagram Protocol Wireless Markup Language Wireless Session Protocol Wireless Telephony Application Wireless Telephony Application Interface. Wireless Transaction Protocol World Wide Web a truy nhp phn chia theo m. H thng phn gii tn min Dch v v tuyn gi chung. H thng v tuyn gi chung. H thng ton cu cho truyn thng di ng. Ngn ng nh du cho thit b cm tay Giao thc truyn ti cho thit b cm tay Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn. Giao thc truyn ti siu vn bn. Giao thc Internet. Giao tip ngi my. Dch v tin nhn a phng tin Qua khng kh My tr l c nhn dng k thut s. Giao thc iu khin truyn dn Tng Socket an ton. H thng vin thng di ng ton cu nh danh ti nguyn thng nht B nh v ti nguyn thng nht a truy nhp v tuyn phn chia theo m bng rng Mi trng ng dng khng dy. Giao thc ng dng khng dy. Giao thc d liu khng dy Ngn ng nh du khng dy. Giao thc phin khng dy. Trnh ng dng in thoi khng dy Giao din Trnh ng dng in thoi khng dy Giao thc giao dch khng dy. Mng ton cu
LI NI U
WAP Cng ngh m s a mi ngi n gn nhau hn ra i v ang tng bc pht trin chng minh kh nng v tn ca mnh. Bn bit n Internet v WWW. Bn bit rng phi c mt my tnh truy nhp vo kho thng tin khng l y, thc hin nhng giao dch vi bt k ngi no cng kt ni Internet, bt k u trn tri t. Tuy nhin bn tha mn vi iu cha. Hay n gin bn khng c thi gian s dng my tnh? Hoc gi bn khng bit s dng my tnh? Bn lo lng bn khng th c c ngun li khng l m Internet mang li, WAP cho bn cu tr li hon thin cho thc mc ca bn. WAP s a bn n vi Internet m khng cn phi c mt my tnh hay l phi bit s dng my tnh. Bn c th thc hin nhng giao dch qua WAP. Bn cng c th la chn cc mn hng, thc hin mt trc nghim hay do chi trn xa l thng tin Internet. n ny s nghin cu v cng ngh WAP kha cnh Vin thng, kha cnh ca nhng ngi xy dng nn WAP, a bn n vi Internet ch qua mt thit b thng thng nh xu trong ti qun bn: in thoi di ng. Bn thy k diu cha? Khng cn n my tnh phi khng? Tht tuyt!!! n ny s nghin cu v WAP nh mt kin trc m. Cc cng ngh trong WAP nh WAP Push. So snh WAP vi Cng ngh tng ng I-Mode ca NTT DoCoMo Cng ty Vin thng Nht bn vi hn 20 triu thu bao.
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Nghin cu v giao thc WAP
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG 3G

Lch s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng.
Khi con ngi c h thng thng tin c nh thng qua cc my bn, h mong c c mt h thng di ng c th trao i thng tin mi lc mi ni. p ng yu cu , mng thng tin di ng ra i, tri qua nhiu giai on pht trin t h thng tng t s dng k thut FDMA n cc h thng s TDMA v CDMA. Cn c vo cc k thut s dng cho h thng, cc dch v m h thng c th p ng c ta chia lch s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng thnh cc th h c biu din theo bng sau: Bng 1: lch s pht trin ln th h 3 ca mng thng tin di ng. Th h thng tin di ng Th h 1 (1G) Th h 2 (2G) H thng AMPS, TACS, NMT GSM, IS-36, IS-95 Th h 2.5 GPRS, EDGE, CDMA 1x Cc dch v Ting thoi Ch thch FDMA, tng t
Ch yu cho ting TDMA, hoc thoi kt hp vi cc CDMA s bng hp dch v bn tin ngn (8-13kbps) Trc ht l ting TDMA (kt hp thoi c a thm cc nhiu khe thoi dch v s liu gi hoc nhiu tn s), CDMA tc m cao hn Cc dch v ting v S dng CDMA s liu gi c thit bng rng k truyn ting v s liu a phng tin
Th h 3 (3G)
CDMA2000, W-CDMA
S hnh 1.1 sau y tng kt qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng t th h 1 n th h 3.
Hong nh Th - Lp D01VT
#6
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ti ny nghin cu v thng tin di ng th h 3 trong khi cc h thng trn th gii ang s dng ch yu l thng tin di ng th h 2 v vy sau y ta nghin cu hai qu trnh pht trin ln 3G .
TACS GSM(900) NMT (900) GSM(1800)
GPRS
W-CDMA
GSM(1900) GPRS
IS-136 (1900)
IS-95 CDMA (J-STD-008) (1900)
EDGE
IS-136 TDMA(800) AMPS IS-95 CDMA (800) Cdma2000 1x Cdma2000 Nx
SMR
IDEN (800)
Hnh 1.1: Tng kt qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng t th h 1 n th h 3.
#7
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L trnh pht trin t h thng IS-95 th h 2 n cdma2000 th h 3. Mng IS-95 (cdmaOne) khng phi l mng u tin trn th gii cung cp truy nhp s liu nhng y li l mng c thit k duy nht truyn s liu. Chng x l truyn dn s liu v ting theo cch rt ging nhau. Kh nng truyn dn tc thay i c sn trong cdmaOne cho php quyt nh lng thng tin cn pht, v th cho php ch s dng tim nng mng theo nhu cu. V cc h thng cdmaOne s dng truyn ting ng gi trn ng trc (v d t BTS n MSC) nn kh nng truyn dn s liu gi c sn trong cc thit b. Cng ngh truyn dn s liu gi a cdmaOne s dng ngn xp giao thc s liu gi t ong (CDPD : Cellular Digital Packet Data) ph hp vi giao thc TCP/IP. B sung truyn s liu vo mng cdma 2000 s cho php nh khai thc mng tip tc s dng cc phng tin truyn dn, cc phng tin v tuyn, c s h tng v cc my cm tay sn c ch cn phi nng cp phn mm cho chc nng tng tc. Nng cp IS-95B cho php tng tc knh cung cp tc s liu 64-115 kbps v ng thi ci thin chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao cng gia cc tn s. Cc nh sn xut cng b cc kh nng s liu gi, s liu knh, Fax s trn cc thit b cdmaOne ca h. IP di ng (giao thc internet cho di ng) l s ci thin cc dch v s liu gi. IP di ng cho php ngi s dng duy tr kt ni s liu lin tc v nhn c mt a ch ID khi di ng gia cc b iu khin trm gc (BSC) hay chuyn n cc mng CDMA khc. Mt trong cc mc tiu quan trng ca ITU IMT-2000 l to ra cc tiu chun khuyn khch s dng mt bng tn trn ton cu nhm thc y mc cao vic nhiu ngi thit k v h tr cc dch v cao. IMT-2000 s s dng cc u cui b ti kch c nh, m rng nhiu phng tin khai thc v trin khai cu trc m cho php a ra cc cng ngh mi. Ngoi ra cc h thng 3G ha hn em li cc dch v ting v tuyn c cc mc cht lng hu tuyn ng thi tc v dung lng cn thit h tr a phng tin v cc ng dng tc cao. S pht trin ca cc h thng 3G s m cnh ca cho mch vng thu bao v tuyn i vi PSTN v truy cp mng s liu cng cng, ng thi cng m bo cc iu kin thun li hn cc ng dng v cc tim nng mng. N cng s m bo chuyn mng ton cu, di ng dch v, ID trn c s vng, tnh cc v truy nhp th mc ton cu thm ch c th hy vng cng ngh 3G cho php ni mng v tinh mt cch lin tc. Mt trong cc yu cu k thut ca cdma2000 l tng thch vi h thng c cdmaOne v: cc dch v ting, cc b m ho ting, cc cu trc bo hiu v cc kh nng bo mt.
#8
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Giai on mt ca cdma2000 s s dng rng bng tn 1,25 Mbps v truyn s liu tc nh 144 kbps cho cc ng dng c nh hay di ng. Giai on hai ca cdma200 s s dng ng rng bng tn 5Mhz v c th cung cp tc s liu 144kbps cho cc dch v s liu v xe c, 2Mbps cho cc dch v c nh. Cc nh cng nghip tin on rng giai on cdma200 3x s dn tin n tc 1Mhz cho tng knh lu lng. Bng cch hp nht hay b hai knh ngi s dng s t c tc nh 2Mbps l tc ch ca IMT-2000. S khc nhau cn bn gia giai on mt v hai ca cdma2000 l rng bng tn v tc bng thng tng hay kh nng tc s liu nh. Giai on hai s a cc kh nng tc tin tin v t nn mng cho cc dch v ting 3G ph bin, s dng VoIP. V cc tiu chun cdma2000 1x v cdma2000 3x phn ln s dng chung cc dch v v tuyn bng gc nn cc nh khai thc c th s dng mt bc tin cn bn n cc kh nng y ca 3G bng cch thc hin cdma2000 1x . Cdma2000 giai on hai s bao gm m t chi tit cc giao thc bo hiu, qun l s liu v cc yu cu m rng t v tuyn 5Mhz n 10 Mhz v 15 Mhz trong tng lai. Bng cch chuyn t cng ngh giao din v tuyn IS-95 hin nay sang IS-2000 1x ca tiu chun cdma2000, cc nh khai thc t c tng dung lng v tuyn gp i v c kh nng x l s liu gi n 144kbps. Kh nng ca cdma2000 giai on mt bao gm lp vt l mi cho cc c knh 1x1,25 Mhz v 3x1,25 Mhz, h tr cc tu chn ng xung tri ph trc tip v a sng mang 3x v cc nh ngha cho 1x v 3x. Cc nh khai thc cng s c hng s ci thin dch v ting vi dung lng tng 2 ln. Cng vi s ra i ca cdma2000 1x cc dch v s liu cng s c ci thin. Giai on hai cng s hon thnh c cu MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy nhp mi trng) v nh ngha giao thc on ni v tuyn (RLP: Radio Link Protocol) cho s liu gi h tr cc tc s liu gi t nht l 144 kbps. Thc hin giai on hai ca cdma2000 s mang li rt nhiu kh nng mi v tng cng dch v. Giai on hai s tng cng tt c cc kch c knh (6x, 9x, 12x) c cu cho cc dch v ting, b m ho ting cho cdma2000 bao gm VoIP. Vi giai on hai cc dch v a phng tin thc s s c cung cp v s mng li cc c hi li nhun b sung cho cc nh khai thc. Cc dch v a phng tin s c th thc hin c thng qua MAC s liu gi, h tr y cho dch v s liu gi n 2Mbps, RLP h tr tt c cc tc s liu n 2Mbps v m hnh gi a phng tin tin tin. lnh vc cc dch v v bo hiu, giai on hai cdma2000 s em n cu trc bo hiu 3G cdma2000 t sinh i vi iu khin truy nhp on ni (LAC : Link Access Control) v cu trc bo hiu lp cao. Cc cu trc ny m bo h tr tng cng tnh ring t, nhn thc v chc nng mt m. Cu trc v thit b mng hin c ca nh khai thc s nh hng n s chuyn i ny. Mt mng c xy dng trn cu trc m tin tin vi l trnh chuyn i r rng c th nhn c cc kh nng ca IS-2000 1x bng cch chuyn i modul n gin. Cc mng c cu trc t linh hot hn c th i hi cc bc chuyn i tn km thay th ton b h thng thu pht gc
#9
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BTS. t c tc nh nh khai thc c th nng cp phn mm cho mng v cc trm gc h tr giao thc s liu ca IS-2000 1x. S phi c im phc v s liu gi (PDSN : Packet Data Service Node) h tr kt ni s liu cho Internet. Nhiu nh cung cp cc thit b a ra cc gii php tch hp im phc v s liu v th m ra l trnh lin tc tin ti cc cng ngh 3G. Hnh v sau cho thy qu trnh pht trin ca IS-95.
2G cdmaOne 2 Mbps 3G Cdma200 g 0 on iai hai
Cdm a20 g 0o iai n m t
64kbps
IS95B
14.4kbps
IS95A
Hnh 1.2: L trnh pht trin t cdmaOne n cdma2000 Cc nh khai thc cdmaOne c kh nng nng cp ln h thng 3G m khng cn thm ph, cng khng phi u t thm ng k. Thit k cdma2000 cho php trin khai cc tng cng ca 3G trong khi vn duy tr h tr 2G cho cdmaOne hin c di ph m nh khai thc ang s dng hin nay. C cdma2000 giai on mt v hai u c th ho trn vi cdmaOne s dng hiu qu ph tn tu theo nhu cu ca khch hng. Chng hn mt nh khai thc c nhu cu ln v dch v s liu tc cao c th chn trin khai giai on mt cdma2000 v cdmaOne vi s dng nhiu knh hn cho cdmaOne. mt th trng khc, ngi s dng c th cha cn nhanh chng s dng cc dch v tc s liu cao th s knh s c tp trung ch yu cho cdmaOne. V cc kh nng cdma2000 giai on hai sn sng, nh khai thc thm ch c nhiu cch la chn hn trong vic s dng ph h tr cc dch v mi.
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L trnh pht trin t GSM ln 3G W-CDMA m bo p ng c cc dch v mi v truyn thng my tnh v hnh nh ng thi m bo tnh kinh t, tnh h thng, thng tin di ng th h hai s c chuyn i tng bc sang th h ba. Tng qut qu trnh chuyn i ny nh hnh v:
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
W-CDMA
Hnh 1.3: L trnh pht trin t GSM n W-CDMA. Giai on u ca qu trnh pht trin GSM l phi m bo dch v s liu tt hn. Tn ti hai ch dch v s liu trong cng mt mng l chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switching) v chuyn mch gi (PS:Packet Switching) nh sau: Cc dch v s liu ch chuyn mch knh m bo: Dch v bn tin ngn (SMS :Short Message Service). S liu d b cho tc 14,4 kbps. Fax bng ting cho tc 14,4 kbps.
Cc dch v s liu chuyn mch gi m bo: Cha c ch dch v knh. Dch v Internet, email... S dng chc nng IWF/PDSN.
thc hin kt ni vo mng IP, giai on ny c th s dng giao thc ng dng v tuyn (WAP : Wireless Application Protocol). Giai on tip theo tng tc s liu c th s dng cng ngh s liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD, dch v gi v tuyn chung GPRS v tc s liu tng cng pht trin EDGE. Cc bc trung gian ny gi l th h 2,5.
S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD

S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD l mt dch v cho php tng tc dch v s liu chuyn mch knh hin nay 9,6 kbps (hay ci tin 14,4kbps) ca GSM. tng tc s liu ngi s dng c th c cp nhiu khe thi gian mt lc
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hn. C th kt hp linh hot t 1 n 8 khe thi gian t c tc s liu cc i l 64kbps cho mt ngi s dng. Giao din v tuyn ca HSCSD thm ch cn h tr tc ln n 8x14.4 kbps v nh vy c th t c tc trn 100 kbps. Mt tnh nng c bit ca HSCSD l n h tr c kt ni i xng v khng i xng (nh hnh 1.4). T hnh 1.4 ta thy ch HSCSD i xng, s khe pht t BTS n MS bng s khe thi gian theo chiu ngc li. ch bt i xng, s khe theo ng xung ln hn s khe ca ng ln. Ch pht khng i xng c s dng khi ngi dng mun truy nhp mng internet, thng thng d liu ti v ln hn rt nhiu d liu a ln mng.
HSCSD xng i BTS n MS 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3
MS n BTS
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 0
HSCSD khng xng i BTS n MS 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3
MS n BTS
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 0
Hnh 1.4: Biu thi gian cho HSCSD i xng v khng i xng
# 12
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Dch v gi v tuyn chung GPRS.

SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC E Gd MSC/VLR D A R TE MT Uu BSS SGSN Gn Gn Gp Gf EIR SGSN GGSN Mn PLMN k c g h GGSN Gs Gr Gc Gi PDN TE HRL C SM-SC
B h u o i
B h uv lul n o i g
Hnh 1.5: Cu trc mng GPRS EIR: HLR: SMS: SGSN: GGSN: MT: TE: PLMN: PDN: BSS: IWMSC: GMSC: Equipment Identity Register. Home Location Register. Short Message Sevice. Serving GPRS Support Node. Gateway GPRS Support Node. Mobile Terminal. Terminal Equipment. Public Land Mobile Network. Public Data Network. Base Station System. InterWorking MSC. Geteway Mobile Services Switching Center.
Dch v GPRS h tr dch v s liu gi tc cao cho GSM. GPRS khc vi HSCSD ch l nhiu ngi s dng c th dng chung mt ti nguyn v tuyn v th
# 13
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hiu sut s dng ti nguyn v tuyn s rt cao. Mt MS ch GPRS ch dnh c ti nguyn v tuyn khi n thc s c d liu cn pht v thi im khc, ngi s dng khc c th s dng chung ti nguyn v tuyn ny. Nh vy bng tn c s dng rt hiu qu. Cu trc ca mt mng GPRS nh trn hnh 1.5. Mt ngi s dng GPRS c th s dng n 8 khe thi gian t c tc trn 100 kbps. Tuy nhin y ch l tc nh v nu ng thi c nhiu ngi s dng dch v th tc s thp hn nhiu.
Tc s liu tng cng pht trin GSM (EDGE)
Ni chung cu trc EDGE ging nh GPRS tuy nhin y s dng k thut iu ch nhiu trng thi hn (8-PSK) v th nng cao c tc truyn dn.
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Mng 3G
Nh chng ta theo di lch s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng. tin ti mt h thng thng tin di ng 3G chng ta c hai cch pht trin tu theo hin trng mng sn c s dng cng ngh GSM hay cng ngh cdmaOne. Trn th gii hin nay c mt s nc xy dng hon chnh h thng thng tin di ng 3G nh Hn Quc v Nht Bn v vi u im v tc v dch v, 3G s l xu th tt yu m mi nh khai thc cn phi hng ti. Mng thng tin di ng 3G giai on u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v cc vng chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch ng dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu thi gian thc (nh ting v video) cui cng cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1.6 cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut ca thng tin di ng 3G.
i khi d u n ch v tin ti n u cui s li u RAN M ng bo hi u BS/ no deB B TS / RNC
Thng tin vtr
Thi b t SM S
In ternet
serve r
Chc nng PS Thi bchuy t n m ch ni h t Node k h p C S v PS t
Chc nng PS Thi bchuy t n m ch c ng
Thi bc t ng
Chc nng CS
Chc nng CS
intranet
P ST N /P LM N
u cui ti ng
Hnh 1.6: Kin trc tng qut mt mng di ng kt hp c PS v CS
M hnh tham kho mng cdma2000 Hnh 1.7 cho thy m hnh tham kho ca mng cho cdma2000
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MS T3 IP T8 ME MT0 T5 T9 T1 T2 T6 T4 SCP T7 SN
PSTN TE1 Sm MT1 NPDB Z E Rm TAm BTS

Abis
DLE
DCE
EIR F Al PDN Rx
TE2
BSC
MSC Dl
Pi
TE2
TE2
BS Q Rm MT2 C B
ISDN VLR D1
G
S TE2
TE2
MC M2
M1
HLR
N1
D1
Ui SME
M3
AC
OTAF V
V
TNF
Ur
UIM PDSN
P1
AA
P1
P1
WNE
CDIS
IAP MWNE d I
O1
OSF
DF
CDSF
CDCP
CSC
O2
c CF
CDRP
Hnh 1.7: M hnh tham kho mng cdma2000 AAA :Authentication Authorization Accounting :Nhn thc trao quyn v thanh ton. AC BS : Authentication Center : Trung tm nhn thc. : Base Station : Trm gc.
BSC : Base Station Controller: iu khin trm gc. BTS : Base Transceiver Station : Trm thu pht gc. CDCP : Call Data Collection Point : im thu thp s liu cuc gi. CDGP : Call Data Generation Point: im to d liu cuc gi. CDIS : Call Data Information Source: Ngun thng tin d liu cuc gi. CDRP : Call Data Rating Point : im tnh cc s liu cuc gi. CF : Collection Funtion: Chc nng thu thp. CSC : Customer Service Center: Trung tm phc v khch hng. DCE : Data Circuit Equipment: Thit b mch s liu.
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DF
: Delivery Function: Chc nng chuyn.
EIR : Equipment Identity Register : B ghi nhn dng thit b. ISDN : Intergrated Service Didital Network: Mng s liu lin kt a dch v. IP : Intelligent Peripheral : Ngoi vi thng minh. IAP : Intercept Access Point : im truy cp mng b chn. IWF : InterWorking Function: Chc nng lin kt mng. MWNE : Manager Wireless Network: Mng qun l v tuyn. MS MC MSC MT OSF PDN SCP SN SME TA TE : Mobile Station: Trm gc. : Message Center : Trung tm tin nhn. : Main Switching Center: Trung tm chuyn mch chnh. : Mobile Terminal : u cui di ng. : Operation System Function: Chc nng khai thc h thng. : Public Data Network : Mng s liu cng cng. : Service Control Point : im iu khin dch v. : Service Node : Node dch v. : Short Message Entity :Thc th bn tin ngn. : Terminal Adapter :Tng thch u cui. :Terminal Equipment :Thit b u cui.
NPDB : Number Portability Database: C s d liu lu s my cm tay. OTAF : Over The Air Service Function: Chc nng dch v khng gian. PDSN : Packet Data Serving Node : Node phc v s liu gi.
UIM : User Identity Mudule : Modul nhn dng thu bao. VLR : Visitor Location Register : B ghi v tr thng tr. WNE : Wireless Network Entity: Thc th mng v tuyn. M hnh tham kho bao gm: Cc thc th mng v cc im tham kho. Di y ta xt mt s thc th mng c bit trn hnh v cha c xt phn trc. 1. AAA l mt thc th m bo hot ng giao thc Internet h tr nhn thc trao quyn v thanh ton. Cc chc nng IP c nh ngha trong ti liu ca IETF. AAA tng tc vi PSDN thc hin ba chc nng AAA trong vic h tr PSDN cho cc trm di ng yu cu. AAA tng tc vi cc thc th AAA khc thc hin cc chc nng khi AAA ti nh nm ngoi mng di ng ang phc v.
# 17
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2. AC l thc th qun l thng tin nhn thc lin quan n MS. AC c th hoc khng t bn trong HLR. Mt AC c th phc v nhiu HLR. 3. BS l thc th cung cp cc phng tin MS truy nhp mng bng ng v tuyn. MS bao gm BTS v BSC. 4. BSC l thc th m bo iu khin v qun l vi nhiu BTS. BSC trao i bn tin vi c BTS v MSC. Lu lng v bo hiu lin quan vi iu khin cuc gi, qun l tnh di ng v qun l MS c th c truyn trong sut qua BSC. 5. BTS l tc th m bo truyn dn qua im tham kho U ( hay mi trng v tuyn). 6. CDCP L thc th thu nhn thng tin chi tit v cuc gi. 7. CDGP l thc th cung cp cc thng tin chi tit v cuc gi cho CDCP khun dng IS-124. 8. CDIS l thc th c th l ngun thng tin chi tit v cuc gi. Thng tin ny c th mt khun dng ring khng nht thit phi dng IS-124. 9. CDRP l thc th nhn thng tin chi tit cuc gi khun dng IS-124, khng tnh cc v cung cp thng tin lin quan n cc ph. Thng tin ny c b sung bng cch s dng IS-124. 10. CF l thc th chu trch nhim thu thp thng tin b chn cho cc c quan thi hnh php lut. 11. CSC l thc th m ti cc nh cung cp dch v c th nhn cc cuc gi in thoi t khch hng mun ng k cho vic cho vic bt u dch v v tuyn hoc cc yu cu khc. 12. CDE l mt kt cui bo m giao din gia mng vi ngi s dng khng phi l ISDN. 13. DF l thc th lm nhim v chuyn cc cuc gi b chn n mt hay nhiu CF. 14. EIR l mt thc th m bo ghi li s nhn dng thit b ca ngi s dng. 15. HLR l b ghi nh v ghi li s nhn dng ca ngi s dng. 16. IP (ngoi vi thng minh) l thc th thc hin chc nng ti nguyn c bit nh: thng bo bng li (t bng), thu thp cc ch s, thc hin vic chuyn i ting thnh vn bn hoc vn bn thnh ting, ghi v lu cc bn tin ting, cc dch v Fax, cc dch v s liu...
# 18
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17. IAP m bo vic truy nhp n cc cuc thng tin n hoc t thit b, cc phng tin hay cc dch v ca mt i tng b chn. 18. IWF l mt thc th m bo vic bin i thng tin cho mt hay nhiu WNE. Mt IWF c th c giao din n mt WNE m bo cc dch v bin i. IWF c th lm tng thm mt giao din c nhn dng gia hai WNE cung cp cc dch v bin i cho c hai WNE. 19. MWNE l thc th v tuyn bn trong thc th tp th hay mt thc th mng c th bt k cn qun l v tuyn ca OS bao hm c OS khc. 20. MC l thc th lm nhim v lu v pht cc bn tin ngn. MC cng c th m bo cc dch v b sung cho dch v bn tin ngn (SMS). 21. MS l u cui c thu bao s dng truy nhp mng giao din v tuyn. MS c th l thit b cm tay, t trong xe hoc t c nh. MS l thit b v tuyn c dng kt cui ng truyn v tuyn ti thu bao. 22. MSC l thc th chuyn mch lu lng c khi xng hoc kt cui MS. Thng thng mt MSC c kt ni vi t nht mt BS. N cng c th ng vai tr cng khi kt ni vi mt mng khc. 23. MT0 l kt cui MS c kh nng t truyn s liu m khng h tr giao din ngoi. 24. MT1 l kt cui MS cung cp giao din ngi s dng ISDN v mng. 25. MT2 l kt cui MS cung cp giao din kt ni khng phi l giao din ngi s dng ISDN v mng. 26. NPDB l mt thc th cung cp thng tin v tnh cm tay cho cc s danh b cm tay. 27. OSF c nh ngha bi OSF ca TMN (mng qun l vin thng). Cc chc nng ny bao hm c chc nng lp qun l phn t, lp qun l mng, lp qun l dch v v lp qun l kinh doanh phn b tt c cc chc nng ca h iu hnh. 28.OTAF l thc th giao din theo chun ring n CSC h tr cc hot ng trang b dch v. 29. PDSN l thc th cung cp cc chc nng giao thc Internet cho mng di ng. PDSN thit lp, duy tr v kt ni cc phin ca lp on nivi MS. PDSN nh tuyn cc datagram IP n PDN. PDSN c th hot ng nh mt tc nhn MIP ngoi nh trong mng di ng. PDSN tng tc vi AAA h tr vic nhn thc, trao quyn, v tnh cc. PDSN c th giao tip vi mt hay nhiu mng IP m bo truy nhp mng Internet.
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30. PDN m bo c ch truyn ti s liu gi gia cc thc th mng v thc hin x l cc kh nng s dng cc dch v ny. 31. SCP l thc th hot ng nh mt c s d liu thi gian thc v h thng x l thao tc m bo chc nng iu khin dch v v s liu dch v. 32. SN l thc th m bo iu khin dch v, s liu dch v cc ti nguyn c bit v cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi h tr cc dch v lin quan n vt mang. 33. SME l thc th sp xp v gii sp xp cc bn tin ngn. SME c th hoc khng c sp xp bn trong HRL, MC, VLR hay MSC. 34. TA l thc th chuyn i bo hiu v s liu ca ngi s dng gia giao din khng phi l ISDN v giao din ISDN. 35. TAm (b thch ng m) l thc th bin i bo hiu v s liu ca ngi s dng gia giao din khng phi l ISDN v ISDN. 36. TE1 l u cui s liu m bo giao din ngi s dng ISDN v mng. 37. TE2 l u cui s liu m bo giao din gia ngi s dng khng phi ISDN v mng. 38. UIM cha thng tin v thu bao v c th cha thng tin c th thu bao. UIM c th hoc c kt hp bn trong u cui di ng hoc c th rt ra c. 39. VRL l b ghi nh v khc vi HLR, n c MSC s dng thu nhn thng tin cho vic x l cuc gi n hoc t thu bao khc. 40. WNE l thc th mng thc th tng th.
Kin trc chung ca mt h thng cdma2000 nh hnh v di y.
# 20
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MSC
SMS-SC BTS BSC BTS BTS MSC Mng n thoi i cng cng HLR
BTS BSC
Router
Router
internet
BTS
PDSN Mng s li ring u cng cng
BTS
AAA
Home Agent
Hnh 1.8: Kin trc chung ca h thng cdma2000
M hnh tham kho mng W-CDMA Hnh 1.9 cho thy cu trc mng c s ca W-CDMA phin bn 3.
Mng li gm cc trung tm chuyn mch di ng (MSC) v cc node h tr chuyn mch gi phc v (SGSN). Cc knh thoi v chuyn mch gi c kt ni vi cc mng ngoi thng qua cc trung tm chuyn mch knh v cc node chuyn mch gi cng: GMSC v GGSN. kt ni trung tm chuyn mch knh vi mng ngoi cn c thm phn t lm chc nng tng tc mng (IWF). Ngoi cc trung tm chuyn mch knh v cc node chuyn mch gi, mng li cn cha cc c s d liu cn thit cho mng di ng nh HLR, AUC v EIR. Mng truy nhp v tuyn c cc phn t sau: RNC: Radio Network Controller : B iu khin mng v tuyn, ng vai tr nh BSC mng th h hai. Node B: ng vai tr nh cc BTS cc mng thng tin di ng. UE :User Equipment : thit b ngi s dng.
# 21
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UE
Uu
HLR
Iu-CS SS7
IuB (ATM) Iu-CS
PCM Iu-PS MSC/VLR
PSTN
Iur IuB NODE B
IuB Iu-PS (ATM)
RNC Ga SGSN Gb BSC G1 GGSN Internet
NODE B
Uu
A BTS
Mng truy nhp v tuy n (UTRAN)
Mng li (CN)
Hnh 1.9: Kin trc chung ca mng 3G pht hnh R3
UE bao gm thit b di ng ME v modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM). USIM l vi mch cha mt s thng tin lin quan n thu bao cng vi kho bo an (ging nh SIM GSM). Giao din gi UE v mng gi l giao din Uu. Trong cc quy nh ca 3GPP trm gc c gi l node B. Node B c ni n mt b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC. RNC iu khin cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca cc node B c ni vi n. RNC ng vai tr ging nh BSC GSM. RNC kt hp vi cc node B ni vi n c gi l h thng con mng v tuyn RNS (Radio Network Subsystem). Giao din gia node B v RNC c gi l giao din Iub. Khc vi giao din Abis tng ng GSM, giao din ny c tiu chun ho hon ton v m v th c th kt ni node B ca nh sn xut ny vi RNC ca nh sn xut khc. Khc vi GSM cc BSC trong mng W-CDMA khng ni vi nhau, trong mng truy nhp v tuyn ca UMTS (UTRAN) c c giao din gia cc RNC. Giao din ny gi l Iur c tc dng h tr tnh di ng ca thu bao gia cc RNC v chuyn giao ga cc node B bin RNS. Bo hiu Iur h tr chuyn giao.
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UTRAN c ni n mng li thng qua giao din Iu. Giao din Iu c hai phn t khc nhau: Iu-CS v Iu-PS chuyn trch cc loi kt ni chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. Thng tin chuyn mch knh thng qua giao din Iu-CS n MSC/VLR cn thng tin gi s c chuyn qua giao din Iu-PS n SGSN. Trong thc t tiu chun UMTS cho php h tr chuyn giao cng t UMTS n GSM v ngc li. y l mt yu cu rt quan trng v cn phi c thi gian trin khai rng khp UMTS nn s c khong trng trong vng ph ca UMTS v th cc thu bao UMTS c kh nng nhn c dch v ca GSM c. Nu UTRAN v GSM BSS c ni n cc MSC khc nhau chuyn giao gia cc h thng t c bng cch chuyn giao gia cc MSC. Nu gi thit rng nhiu chc nng ca MSC/VLR ging nhau i vi UMTS v GSM th cc MSC cn phi c kh nng h tr ng thi kt ni Iu-PS n RNC v Gb n GPRS BSC.
HSS/ HLR
SS7 GW
Iu-CS (control) MSC Server RNC Iur Node B Iu-CS (carry) IuB IuB RNC RTP/IP MGW MGW H248/IP H248/IP
SS7 GW GMSC Server SS7
PCM
PSTN
Node B
Iu-PS SGSN
Gn (GTP/IP) GGSN
Gi (IP)
internet
Hnh 1.10: Kin trc mng 3G pht hnh R4 Trong hu ht sn phm ca cc nh sn xut, nhiu phn t mng ang c nng cp h tr ng thi GSM/GPRS v UMTS. Cc phn t mng ny gm c MSC/VLR, HLR v SGSN, GGSN. i vi nhiu nh sn xut, cc trm gc c trin khai cho GSM/GPRS c thit k c th nng cp chng h tr c GSM v UMTS. Phin bn mng 3G R3 m bo cho qu trnh chuyn giao t GSM ln UMTS
# 23
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v n mang tnh k tha v pht trin. xem xt mc cao hn ca mng 3G ta xem xt phin bn 4. Hnh 1.10 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3GPP pht hnh R4. S khc nhau c bn ca phin bn ny so vi phin bn trc l mng li lc ny l mng phn b. Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh cc kin trc trc, kin trc chuyn mch phn b c a vo. V cn bn cc MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng a phng tin MGW. MSC server cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng nh mt MSC tiu chun nhng n li khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW v n c th t xa MSC server. Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi c thc thin gia RNC v MSC server. Thng thng cc MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Protocol) da trn giao thc internet. Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l kin trc mng a phng tin IP. Chng c a ra vi tn gi R5. phin bn ny trong mng s khng cn phn chuyn mch knh v tt c l chuyn mch gi t u cui n u cui. iu ny m ra kh nng chng ta xy dng mt mng ton IP. C th coi kin trc mng ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.
Chc nng u khi trng i n thi cuc g CSCF i Cx R-SGW CSCF Chc nng u khi trng i n c m tr ngMGCF ng I SS7
RNC
HSS/ HLR
Cx
Mg T-SGW
Node B IuB
Iur Gr
Mr MRF Gi Mc
SS7
IuB Node B RNC
Iu SGSN
Gn GGSN
Gi MGW
PCM
PSTN
Gi
internet
Hnh 1.11: Kin trc mng a phng tin IP ca 3GPP (R5).
# 24
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MIP
IP di ng (MIP : Mobile IP) l mt vn quan trng trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G v mc tiu cui cng ca h thng ny l tin ti mt mng ton IP. Vn thch thc i vi IP di ng l phi chuyn cc ng dng IP n cc kt cui di ng thm ch v mt truyn thng cc giao thc IP c thit k vi gi thit l cc kt cui c nh. C nhiu gii php cho di ng IP, trong phn ny chng ta xt tng quan IP di ng l gii php c la chn cho di ng IP trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G. Tng quan v MIP xut tt nht x l chuyn giao di ng v m l MIP. MIP c pht trin nhiu nm bi IETF, u tin cho phin bn 4 v hin nay cho phin bn 6. Mc d tn ti nhiu nm v c coi l mt gii php ngn hn n vn ch c trin khai thng mi hn ch. c cc sn phm ca MIP t Nextel v IpUnplugged. Trong MIP, khng ph thuc vo im ni mng hin thi, my di ng lun lun c nhn dng bng a ch thng tr ca n. Khi ra khi mng nh my di ng nhn c mt a ch khc gi l CoA (Care of Address ) lin quan n v tr hin thi ca my di ng. MIP gii quyt vn lu ng bng cch lu gi mt chuyn ng gia nhn dng c nh v CoA ca my di ng. CoA hot ng nh mt nh v tm thi. Phn t then cht ca MIP l tc nhn nh HA (Home Agent) l mt b nh tuyn c bit lu gi chuyn i gia a ch nh v CoA ca my di ng. Mi ln my di ng (vit tt l MH: Mobile Host hay MN: Mobile Node) chuyn n mt mng con mi thng thng l mt b nh tuyn truy nhp mi, n nhn c mt CoA mi v ng k CoA ny vi tc nhn nh. MIP m bo l my i tc (vit tt l CH: Correspondent Host) c th lun lun gi cc gi n mt my di ng theo a ch nh ca my di ng, cc gi c nh tuyn theo ng truyn ca mng nh n HA. Sau khi HA nhn c cc gi ny th n thc hin ng bao chng theo kiu IP trong IP (IP in IP encapsulation) ri gi xuyn ng hm (ta gi l truyn tunnel) n CoA ca my di ng (ni mt cch khc HA to lp cc gi mi vi tiu mi cha CoA v phn s liu mi cha ton b gi ban u v phn tiu gc). Ti u kia ca tunnel, gi gc c khi phc bng cch b i tiu IP ngoi, qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh m bao. Lu rng MIP ch lin quan n lu lng ti my di ng, phng ngc li cc gi c gi trc tip n my i tc ( phng ny my di ng c coi nh mng nh). Sau y l mt s tnh nng ca MIP: Trong sut i vi cc ng dng. Cc ng dng vn c th tip tc s dng cng a ch IP, v HA chuyn chng trong sut n CoA.
# 25
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Trong sut i vi mng. Giao thc nh tuyn mng tiu chun vn c tip tc s dng. Ch c cc my di ng v cc tc nhn nh ( cc tc nhn ngoi c xt sau) l bit c vic a vo MIP. Cc b nh tuyn khc coi ch l cc gi IP thng thng.
MIP ch thc hin truyn dn v s l phn b sung ti pha t HA n my di ng.

V ti n c am d n MH tr h y i g Tc n n HA. hn h Mn (m gco ) n g n n h
gb oIP tro gIP n a n Bs li t m i tc u y ch y nq atc n n u u hn h Mn co kh g n ch My d n MH i g
My i tc CH
Bs li t m d n c tru tr ti u y i g yn c p c m i tc htu IP b n th g c y , n yn h n .
Hnh 1.12 : ng k tam gic v nh tuyn.

N wLo d e a
N wh a e e edr
O ha e ld e d r
Lo d a
Hnh 1.13: IP trong IP.
# 26
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V ti nh c m d ngMH tr a y i
Mng(m ngco n n) h
C n t r gbu c p h n t u tuy . i nh n
My i tc CH
b o IP ng a tro IP ng B s li c h u n tu n tr ti t y c p CH n NH
Mngco khch n
C n t r b c t u h tu n (phin p h ng u i n y bn 6 )
Hnh 1.14: Ti u nh tuyn. MIPv4 Cc giao thc MIPv4 c thit k m bo h tr di ng bn trong mng IPv4. Ngoi HA, MIPv4 cn a ra khi nim mt b nh tuyn c th khc l FA (Foreing Agent : tc nhn ngoi). Th d mi b nh tuyn truy nhp l FA. My di ng MN lun nghe ngng cc qung co tc nhn (Agent Advertisement) c pht qung b nh k t cc FA nhn bit n ang FA no. Qung co bao gm tin t mng ca FA. Khi MN chuyn dch vo mt mng ngoi mi v nghe thy qung co ca FA, MN gi bn tin yu cu ng k. Thay cho vic i cc qung co nh k MN c th pht bn tin khn ni (Solicitation) n FA yu cu n pht qung co ngay lp tc. C hai phng n MIP v4 ph thuc vo dng CoA. Phng n t nht MN s dng a ch FA nh CoA ca mnh v FA ng k FA-CoA (Foreing Agent Care of Address: Chm sc a ch ca tc nhn ngoi) cho HA. Lc ny cc gi gi theo tunnel t HA n FA, FA m gi v chuyn gi gc trc tip n MN. Trong phng n hai MN nhn c mt CoA cho chnh mnh chng hn thng qua DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) v ng k CoA ng v tr ny (CCoA: Co-Allocate CoA) hoc trc tip vi HA hoc thng qua FA. Cc gi c gi tunnel t HA c MN t mnh m bao. u im chnh ca vic s dng FA-CoA l ta cn t hn a ch IPv4 ton cu (IP global) v nhiu MN c th ng k ti cng mt FA. Hin nay cc a ch IPv4 ang rt khan him nn cch ny c a dng. Phng php ny cng loi b phn b
# 27
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sung cho ng bao trn on ni v tuyn mc d trong thc t c th s dng nn tiu trong cc phng n FA-CoA v CCoA. Di y ta s xt mt s hn ch m MIPv4 thng gp phi: - nh tuyn tam gic v ti u nh tuyn Trong MIPv4 c s ni trn tt c cc gi t my i tc CN u i qua HA n MN. nh tuyn tam gic hiu sut km th d mt du khch t c n Anh mun lin lc vi mt ngi trong cng mt to nh. Mt m rng tu chn cho MIP c gi l ti u nh tuyn cho php CH gi trc tip n MN. HA gi mt rng buc (binding) n CN phc p cc thng bo trc ca my di ng hoc yu cu ca CN. Tuy nhin ti u nh tuyn yu cu cp nht cho ngn xp giao thc ca CN ( n tng tr CoA ca MN v ng bao) v trong mt s trng hp n khng hiu qu (chng hn MN tho thun vi rt nhiu server ly thng tin) - Truyn tunnel ngc MIPv4 gp tr ngi vi cc tng la (hay ni mt cch tng qut hn vi mt bc tng la lc u vo). MN s dng a ch ti nh ca n nh a ch ngun nhng tng la mun tt c cc gi trong mng ca n s dng a ch ngun theo cu hnh topo (ngha l s dng cng tin t ca mng) v v th loi b cc gi n t MN. gii quyt vn ny mt m rng ca b sung l truyn tunnel ngc. N thit lp mt tunnel ngc t CoA n HA. Khi ny cc gi gi t MN c m bao ti HA v c truyn n CN theo a ch IP ngun.
- Truyn ngang NAT

MIPv4 gp kh khn vi b phin dch a ch mng (NAT: Network Address Translator). NAT c s dng rt ph bin trong cc mng IPv4 do thiu cc a ch IP. NAT cho php nhiu MN s dng chung mt s t cc a ch IP global trong nhiu nt IP s dng chung mt a ch vi cc port khc nhau. iu ny rt bt li cho MIP: HA hay CN truyn tunnel bng bao IP trong IP n a ch CoA nh tuyn cng cng ca MN, khi cc gi ny n NAT, NAT phi phin dch a ch ny vo CoA ring ca MN nhng nu nhiu MN chung mt a ch n khng lm c iu ny. Mt gii php c xut l s dng ng bao IP trong UDP (IP in UDP encapsulation) : Tiu UDP mang thm nhiu thng tin v s ca port cho php NAT nhn dng c MN cn thit.
- Thiu ht a ch
Ngay c khi s dng FA-CoA, MN vn cn a ch thng tr. S thiu ht cc a ch IPv4 th hin ch ISP hay nh khai thc mng phi gn cho mi ngi s dng mt a ch IP ng thng qua giao thc DHCP.
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- Cc tc nhn ngoi
Vic trin khai cc FA l l do cn tr vic trin khai MIPv4: nh khai thc mng phi mua b sung cc thit b, MN mt dch v khi chuyn n mt mng mi khng c FA, m bo an ninh kh hn v tc nhn nh kim tra cc FA v khng thc hin nguyn tc thit k u cui - u cui ca IP v trong mng c cc im thay i gi. khc phc cc nhc im ny cn thit cho ra i phin bn mi MIPv6 MIPv6 MIPv6 c thit k m bo h tr di ng trong mng IPv6. N rt ging MIPv4 nhng s dng rt nhiu tnh nng c ci thin ca IP v6 gii quyt cc vn ca MIPv4. Ch s dng CCoA v s a ch ca IPv6 c tng thm . Khng c FA. Nh cc tnh nng tng cng ca IPv6 nh pht hin nt ln cn, lp cu hnh t ng a ch v kh nng mi b nh tuyn pht qung co b nh tuyn. Khng cn truyn tunnel ngc. Gi cha a ch nh ca MN trong phn tu chn ni nhn a ch nh (tiu ca gi IP thng thng c m rng bng mt trng tu chn). iu ny cho php MN s dng CoA ca mnh nh l a ch ngun trong tiu IP ca gi m n gi i v th cc gi ny c th truyn bnh thng qua tng la. Khng cn ng bao v CoA ca MN c mang trong tu chn tiu nh tuyn c b sung cho gi gc (trong thc t cc gi c gi qua HA trc khi nh tuyn ti u khng th s dng tiu nh tuyn m khng an ton v HA phi truyn tunnel cc gi ny n CoA ca MN). V th t tn km cc phn b sung hn v c th n gin QoS.
Khng cn tch ring gi iu khin v tu chn ni nhn cho php gp cc gi ny trn mi gi IP.
Tm tt chng Trong chng ny chng ta lm quen vi khi nim mng 3G, qu trnh pht trin ln mng 3G v mt s m hnh h thng mng c pht hnh. Chng ny chng ta ch n hai xu hng pht trin mng thng tin di ng ln 3G xut pht t hai k thut mng ang s dng trong h thng mng hin nay l mng GSM v mng CDMA. Cui chng chng ta xem xt mt k thut quan trng x l tnh di ng ca thu bao.
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CHNG II: TNG QUAN V GIAO THC WAP

Chng trc ta gii thiu s lc v mng thng tin di ng, qu trnh pht trin v trng thnh ca mng di ng t IS-95 n cdma2000, W-CDMA. Mng di ng mang mi ngi n gn nhau hn, em li s tin li khng nh trong cuc sng v thng mi. Tuy nhin, khng dng li khi m cng ngh di ng kt hp vi Internet. Bn c th tng tng c li ch khng l ca iu ny? V l g? WAP
Gii thiu
Bn c th ngh n gin rng, vic giao dch vi cc khch hng ca bn ti bt c thi gian no, bt k u trn th gii c th thc hin d dng qua Internet. Tuy nhin, c phi tt c cc khch hng ca bn trn th gii u bit s dng my tnh, bit n Internet? Hay n gin l h qu bn. Ci g s gii quyt vn cho bn? Cu tr li l WAP. Vy WAP l g? WAP l vit tt ca Wireless Application Protocol Giao thc ng dng khng dy. N n gin l cu ni gip cc thit b khng dy nh in thoi di ng hay cc my PDA c th truy cp vo Internet. C hng triu in thoi di ng trn th gii. Chng c s dng khp mi ni. V c hng triu khch hng hng ngn thnh ph trn th gii ang dng in thoi di ng. V nh vy, vi WAP, h c th so snh gi c, la chn mt hng, thanh ton, theo di cc thng tin th trng. Tm li, WAP ko con ngi ta li gn Internet hn, v em cho mi ngi s dng in thoi di ng mt lng thng tin v cng phong ph.
Khi nim WAP

Nh phn trn, ta tm hiu c mt vi iu v WAP. By gi ta s tm hiu k hn khi nim WAP. WAP Wireless Application Protocol,
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Application: Mt chng trnh my tnh, hoc mt n v ca phn mm my tnh c thit k lm mt nhim v xc nh Wireless: Khng c, hoc khng cn thit phi c dy, lin quan mt thit n truyn dn v tuyn Protocol: Mt tp cc quy tc k thut v thng tin lm th no truyn v nhn gia cc my tnh hay thit b.
WAP l mt tp hp cc quy tc cho vic truyn v nhn d liu gia cc ng dng my tnh thng qua cc thit b khng dy nh in thoi di ng. Nh vy WAP khng n thun l mt giao thc n l. N l mt tp hp ca cc giao thc v cc ch tiu k thut m bao gm mi th t lm th no cc thit b
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WAP v cc tc nhn ngi dng c th lm vic n vic lm th no cc giao thc vn chuyn tng tc vi cc vt mang chng. WAP l mt cng ngh c chun ho cho cc nn tng ngang hng, tnh ton phn b, rt ging vi s kt hp trong Internet ca Hypertext Markup Language HTML v Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP. Ngoi tr n bao gm mt s c trng sng cn: ti u ho cho kh nng hin th thp, b nh thp, bng thng thp nh cc PDA, in thoi di ng Thnh tu chnh ca WAP l n khc phc c cc nhc im ca cc thit b cm tay: -
Mn hnh hin th nh. Khng c mt b nh ln c th chy cc ng dng bt k kch c no C bng thng hn ch 14.4Kbps.
Tt c cc c im c th thay i bt c lc no. Tuy nhin hin ti chng gy kh khn cho cc nh pht trin WAP.
WAP cho php cc thit b khng dy xem c cc trang xc nh thit k t Internet, s dng ch n thun vn bn phng hoc c s dng thm cc hnh nh n gin. M lp trnh WAP c thit k r rng v ngn gn cho cc trnh duyt siu nh (mini-browser) c s dng trong cc thit b WAP. Cc trang t chng phi nh bi v tc d liu trn in thoi di ng l gii hn, nh hn nhiu so vi mt modem gia nh. Hn na cc thit b WAP c mn hnh hin th khc nhau v hnh th v kch c. V vy cc trang ging nhau c th xem rt khc nhau ph thuc cc thit b m bn s dng, hon ton c lp vi phin bn ca mini-browser c s dng trn in thoi .
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Cng ngh WAP l cng ngh kt hp gia Internet v mng khng dy, cho kin trc mng kt hp nh hnh v
Cc khch hng c th tin tng WAP cc c im: Kh chuyn D s dng C th truy cp n cc dch v phong ph v a dng trn thng trng. Dch v c th c nhn ho Truy nhp nhanh, thun tin, hiu qu ti cc dch v Cc thit b WAP l c sn trong nhiu dng khc nhau (TD, PDA,)
Lch s v WAP
Nm 1995, Ericsson bt u mt d n vi mc ch l pht trin mt giao thc chung, hoc ng hn l mt khi nim cho cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn cc mng di ng. l giao thc: Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol (ITTP) giao thc truyn ti u cui thng minh. V n iu khin truyn thng gia hai nt dch v, ni m ng dng dch v c ci t v mt in thoi di ng thng minh. Hoi bo a ITTP thnh mt chun cho cc dch v gi tr gia tng trong cc mng di ng. Trong sut nm 1996, 1997, Unwired Planet, Nokia, v mt s hng khc lao vo cc khi nim cng thm trong phn ca cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn mng di ng. Unwired Planet a ra ngn ng nh du cho thit b cm tay - Handheld Device
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Markup Language (HDML), v giao thc truyn ti cho thit b cm tay -Handheld Device Transport Protocol (HDTP). Ging nh HTML c s dng trn Web, HDML c s dng m t ni dung v giao tip ngi dng nhng n ti u cho Internet khng dy truy nhp t cc thit b cm tay vi mn hnh hin th nh v ti nguyn hn ch. HDTP cng c th c xem xt tng ng vi HTTP ca Internet vi th gii khng dy; n l giao thc c bn cho truyn ti Client/Server. Thng 3/1997, Nokia chnh thc a ra khi nim Tin nhn thng minh (Smart Message), mt cng ngh dch vu truy nhp Internet c bit cho cc thit b cm tay GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Truyn thng gia ngi dng di ng v server cha thng tin Internet s dng dch v nhn tin ngn - Short Message Service (SMS) v ngn ng nh du gi l Ngn ng nh du th ho vn bn - Tagged Text Markup Language (TTML). Ging nh HDML, ngn ng ny tng thch vi truyn thng khng dy vi kt ni bng hp. Vi tt c cc khi nim, s dn n ri ro rt ln khi tham gia vo th trng thng mi. Do , cc cng ty chp nhn a ra mt gii php chung, v WAP ra i. Thng 6 1997, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, v Unwired Planet a ra khi im v thng 12/1997, WAP Forum chnh thc c to. Nhim v ca WAP Forum l mang s tin li ca Internet vo th gii khng dy, v sau khi tiu chun WAP 1.0 ra i (4/1998) cu lc b thnh vin ca WAP Forum m vi mi ngi. Theo WAP Forum, mc tiu ca WAP l: - To mt giao thc khng dy ton cu lm vic nh nhau trn cc cng ngh mng khng dy khc nhau, c lp vi cc tiu chun mng khng dy. - trnh cc ch tiu k thut v cc tiu chun - To cc ng dng c kh nng nh nhau vi nhiu loi truyn ti - To cc ng dng c kh nng nh nhau vi nhiu thit b khc nhau - C kh nng m rng tng thch vi cc mng v cc thng s truyn ti mi
Kin trc tng quan

Phn ny s m t tng quan v m hnh kin trc WAP, v quan h khng kht ca n vi m hnh World Wide Web M hnh World Wide Web Kin trc World Wide Web cung cp mt c ch lp trnh mnh v mm do. Cc ng dng v ni dung s c trnh by trong cc nh dng d liu chun, v c duyt bi cc ng dng gi l Web browser (Trnh duyt Web). Trnh duyt web l mt ng dng mng, ngha l n gi yu cu d liu n cc my ch mng, v cc my ch mng p ng vi d liu m ho s dng cc tiu chun nh dng.
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Cc chun WWW xc nh nhiu c ch cn thit xy dng mt mi trng ng dng a nng, bao gm: - C ch t tn chun: Tt c cc server v ni dung trn WWW c t tn vi mt chun Internet gi l: B nh v ti nguyn thng nht Uniform Resource Locator (URL). - nh kiu ni dung: Tt c ni dung trn WWW c trnh by da trn mt chun xc inh, bng cch y cc trnh duyt c th hin th ng ni dung da trn cc kiu ca n. - Cc nh dng ni dung tiu chun: Tt c cc trnh duyt h tr mt tp cc nh dng tiu chun. Bao gm, Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML, ngn ng kch bn Javascript, v mt s ln cc nh dng khc - Cc giao thc chun: Cc giao thc mng chun cho php bt k trnh duyt no c th truyn thng vi bt k Web server no. Giao thc c s dng ph bin nht trn WWW l Giao thc truyn ti siu vn bn HTTP.
C s h tng ny gip ngi dng d dng s dng cc dch v ni dung v cc ng dng ca cc nh pht trin th 3. N cho php cc nh pht trin ng dng c th d dng to ra cc ng dng v cc dch v ni dung cho mt cng ng khch hng rng ln. Cc giao thc WWW xc nh 3 loi dch v:
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Cc server gc: Cc server m cc ti nguyn (ni dung) c tr hoc c to ra. Proxy: Mt chng trnh trung gian hot ng nh c server v client cho mc ch thay mt cc client khc. Mt proxy in hnh c tr ti c server v client, v khng c ngha l truyn thng trc tip, ngha l ngang hng vi mt firewall. Cc yu cu c phc v bi hoc chng trnh proxy, hoc c i qua ti cc server khc. Mt proxy phi ci t ln c hai client v server cc ch tiu WWW cn thit. Gateway: Mt server hot ng nh mt server trung gian cho cc server khc. Khng ging mt proxy, mt gateway nhn cc yu cu ging nh mt server gc. Cc client c th khng nhn bit truyn thng vi Gateway.
M hnh WAP M hnh lp trnh WAP tng t nh m hnh lp trnh WWW. N cung cp mt s li th cho cng ng cc nh pht trin ng dng, bao gm: m hnh lp trnh truyn thng, mt kin trc a c chng minh, v kh nng to ln ca cc cng c vn con s dng c (vi d: cc Web server, cc cng c XML, vn vn). Cc ti u v m rng c to nn da trn mi trng khng dy. Tng kh nng, cc tiu chun tn ti phi c thch ng hoc phi c s dng khi im ca WAP.
Cc ng dng v ni dung WAP c xc nh trong mt tp hp cc nh dng ni dung ni ting da trn cc chun truyn thng ca WWW. Ni dung c giao vn s dng mt tp cc giao thc truyn thng chun da trn cc giao thc truyn thng ca WWW. Ni dung WAP hin th pha ngi dng nh vo mt trnh duyt siu nh,
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tng t nh trnh duyt web. WAP nh ngha mt tp cc thnh phn tiu chun c kh nng truyn thng gia cc u cui di ng v cc server mng, bao gm: - C ch t tn chun: Cc URL chun WWW c s dng nhn dng cc ni dung WAP trn cc server gc. Cc URL chun WWW c s dng nhn dng cc ti nguyn a phuwong trn thit b. V d cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi. - nh kiu ni dung: Tt c ni dung WAP c ch nh mt kiu ni dung ph hp vi nh kiu WWW. N cho php cc tc nhn ngi dng WAP x l ng ni dung da trn cc kiu. - Cc nh dng ni dung tiu chun: Cc nh dng ni dung WAP da trn cng ngh WWW v bao gm th hin th, thng tin lch, cc i tng thip thng mi in t, hnh nh v ngn ng kch bn. - Cc giao thc truyn thng tiu chun: Cc giao thc truyn thng WAP c kh nng truyn cc yu cu duyt t cc u cui di ng ti web server mng. Cc kiu ni dung v giao thc WAP phi c ti yu cho th trng tp trung, cc thit b khng dy cm tay. WAP tn dng cng ngh proxy kt ni gia tn min v tuyn v WWW. WAP proxy in hnh bao gm cc chc nng sau:
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Cng giao thc(Protocol Gateway): Cng giao thc chuyn cc yu cu t chng giao thc WAP (WSP, WTP, WTLS, v WDP) ti chng giao thc WWW (HTTP v TCP/IP). Cc b m ho v gii m ni dung: Cc b m ho ni dung chuyn ni dung WAP thnh dng ti u m ho thu nh kch c d liu qua mng
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Mt minh ho v mng WAP:
C s h tng ny bo m cc ngi s dng u cui di c th duyt cc ng dng v ni dung WAP phong ph, a dng, v nhng nh pht trin ng dng c th vit cc ng dng v dch v ni dung cho s lng ln cc u cui di ng. WAP Proxy cho php ni dung v cc ng dng WAP c th c t ti cc WWW server tiu chun v c pht trin s dng cc cng ngh c th thch trong WWW ging nh cc kch bn CGI. Do, tn s dng ca WAP s bao gm 1 Web server, WAP proxy v WAP client, kin trc WAP s hon ton d dng h tr cc cu hnh khc. C kh nng to mt server gc c cha cc chc nng ca WAP proxy. Hnh 2.6 m t mt mng l thuyt WAP. Trong v d, WAP client truyn thng vi 2 server trong mng khng dy. WAP proxy chuyn yu cu WAP thnh cc yu cu WWW, bng cch WAP client c th trnh cc yu cu ti web server. Proxy cng m ho cc p ng t web server thnh dng nh phn ti u m WAP client c th hiu c. Nu web server cung cp ni dung WAP (v d WML), WAP proxy nhn n trc tip t web server. Tuy nhin nu web server cung cp ni dung WWW (ging nh HTML), mt b lc c WAP proxy s dng chuyn ni dung WWW thnh ni dung WAP. V d b lc HTML s chuyn HTML thnh WML. Mt server ng dng in thoi khng dy (Wireless Telephony Application WTA) l mt v d v mt server gc hay server cng, m s p ng trc tip cc yu cu t WAP client. WTA server c dng cung cp truy nhp WAP ti cc c trng ca mng khng dy ca cc nh cung cp c s h tng mng vin thng.
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CHNG III: CHNG GIAO THC WAP

Nhn chung
Chng ny s gii thiu cc thnh phn ca kin trc WAP. Kin trc WAP cung cp mt chng giao thc tng qut bo m tt c cc yu cu cn thit ca WAP Forum c tho mn. Kin trc WAP cung cp mt mi trng c kh nng m rng v nng cp cho vic pht trin ng dng cho cc thit b truyn thng di ng. iu ny t c qua thit k phn lp ca ton b chng giao thc WAP. Mi lp ca kin trc c truy nhp bi cc lp trn.
Kin trc phn lp WAP to kh nng cho cc dch v v ng dng tn dng cc c trng ca chng giao thc qua mt tp cc giao din c nh ngha tt. Cc ng dng bn ngoi c th truy nhp trc tip cc lp Session, Transaction, Security, v Transport. Cc phn tip theo s m t s qua cc thnh phn ca kin trc.
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Mi trng ng dng khng dy Wireless Application Environment WAE Mi trng ng dng khng dy WAE l mt mi trng ng dng a nng da trn s kt hp gia WWW v cc cng ngh ca h thng in thoi di ng. Mc tiu chnh m WAE mun t ti l thit lp mt mi trng ng hnh m s cho php cc nh iu hnh v cc nh cung cp dch v xy dng cc dch v v cc ng dng tng thch vi nhiu nn tng khng dy khc nhau. WAE cha mt mi trng trnh duyt siu nh c cc chc nng sau:
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Ngn ng nh du khng dy Wireless Markup Language (WML): Mt ngn ng nh du gin n tng t nh HTML nhng c ti u cho cc u cui di ng khng dy WMLScript: Mt ngn ng kch bn gin n, ging nh Javascript Trnh ng dng in thoi khng dy Wireless Telephony Application (WTA, WTAI): Cc dch v in thoi v cc giao tip lp trnh Cc nh dng ni dung: mt tp cc nh dng d liu thch hp, bao gm cc hnh nh cc bn ghi danh b v thng tin lch
Giao thc phin khng dy Wireless Session Protocol WSP Giao thc phin khng dy cung cp cho lp ng dng WAP mt giao din gm 2 dch v phin. Th nht l mt dch v hng kt ni nh hng ln giao thc lp giao dch (WTP). Th hai l mt dch v phi kt ni nh hng ln dch v d liu an ton hoc khng an ton (WDP). Cc giao thc Phin Khng dy hin ti cha cc dch v thch hp cho vic duyt cc ng dng (WSP/B). WSP/B cung cp cc chc nng sau:
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Chc nng HTTP/1.1 trong m ho ti u qua mi trng khng kh Trng thi Phin duy tr lu Tm ngng v m li phin vi b iu hng phin Mt s tin li chung cho c d liu tin tng v d liu khng tin tng m phn cc c trng giao thc
Cc giao thc trong h WSP c ti u cho cc mng mang bng thng thp vi thi gian sng lu. WSP/B c thit k cho php mt WAP proxy lin kt mt WSP/B client ti mt HTTP server tiu chun. Giao thc giao dch khng dy Wireless Transaction Protocol WTP Giao thc giao dch khng dy chy trn nh cu dch v d liu v cung cp nh mt giao thc hng giao dch n gin, thch hp ci t trong cc client mng (Cc trm di ng). WTP iu hnh hiu qu qua cc mng d liu khng dy an ton hoc khng an ton, v cung cp cc c trng sau:
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Ba loi dch v giao dch: Cc yu cu khng tin tng mt chiu, Cc yu cu tin tng mot chiu, Cc giao dch hi p 2 chiu tin tng Tu chn ngi dng ti ngi dng tin cy Ngi dng WTP gi mt thng ip xc nhn khi nhn mt thng ip Tu chn chp nhp d liu ngoi So khp cc PDU v tr chp nhn thu nh cc thng ip gi Cc giao dch khng ng b
Bo mt lp giao vn khng dy Wireless Transport Layer Security - WTLS WTLS l mt giao thc bo mt da trn tiu chun cng nghip ca giao thc Bo mt lp Giao vn lp Transport Layer Security (TLS), trc y c bit n di ci tn Tng Socket an ton - Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). WTLS c dnh s dng cho cc giao thc giao vn WAP v c ti u ho s dng qua cc knh truyn thng bng hp. WTLS cung cp cc c trng:
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Tnh ton vn d liu WTLS cha cc c tnh m bo rng d liu gi gia u cui di ng v ng dng server l khng b thay i hay mt mt. Tnh ring t WTLS cha cc c tnh m bo rng d liu truyn gia u cui v server ng dng l ring t v khng c hiu bi bt k k trung gian no c th chng lung d liu Tnh nhn thc WTLS cha cc t tnh thit lp tnh ng n gia u cui v server ng dng Tnh bo v t chi dch v - WTLS cha cc t tnh xo v t chi d liu chuyn tip hoc kim tra khng thnh cng. WTLS to ra nhiu kiu dch v t chi in hnh trnh s tn cng nhm bo v cc lp giao thc pha trn
WTLS cng c th c s dng cho truyn thng an ton gia cc u cui, v d s nhn thc cc card trao i thng mi in t. Cc ng dng c kh nng la chn dng hay khng dng cc c trng WTLS ph thuc trn yu cu an ton ca chng v cc c trng ca mng (v d, tnh ring t c th khng dng trn cc mng cung cp ri dch v tng t lp di). Giao thc d liu d khng dy Wireless Datagram Protocol WDP Giao thc lp giao vn trong kin trc WAP c quy vo giao thc d liu WDP. Lp WDP iu hnh trn cc dch v c kh nng mang d liu, h tr bi cc kiu mng khc nhau. Nh mt dch v giao vn chung, WDP cung cp mt dch v thch hp vi cc giao thc lp trn v truyn thng trong sut qua mt trong cc dch v mang c sn.
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Kh cc giao thc WDP cung cp mt giao din chung cc giao thc lp trn Cc lp Bo mt, Phin, ng dng c kh nng c lp chc nng trong mng khng dy. iu ny t c bng cch thch ng lp giao vn vi cc c trng xc nh ca cc dch v mang bn di Cc vt mang Cc giao thc WAP c thit k hot ng trn nhiu dch v mang khc nhau, bao gm bn tin ngn, d liu chuyn mch knh, d liu gi. C dch v mang em n s khc nhau v cht lng dch v (QoS) vi s chp nhn thng lng, t s li, tr. Cc giao thc WAP c thit k b p li mc bin i dch v . Lp WDP cung cp s hi t ca cc dch v mang v phn cn li ca chng giao thc WAP. WDP xc nh danh sch cc dch v mang c h tr v cc k thut s dng cho php cc giao thc WAP chy mi dch v mang. Danh sch cc dch v mang c h tr s thay i theo thi gian, cc dch v mng m c thm vo nh l s pht trin ca th trng khng dy. Cc dch v v ng dng khc Kin trc phn lp WAP to kh nng cc dch v v ng dng khc tn dng cc c trng ca chng giao thc WAP qua mt tp cc giao din c nh ngha tt. Cc ng dng bn ngoi c th truy cp trc tip cc lp phin, giao dch, bo mt v giao vn. iu ny cho php chng giao thc WAP c s dng cho cc ng dng v dch v khng c ch r bi WAP, nhng c thy l c gi tr ln cho th trng khng dy. V d cc ng dng nh: th in t, lch, danh b, ghi ch v thng mi in t, hoc cc dch v, ging nh cc trang vng, c th c pht trin s dng cc giao thc WAP. Cc cu hnh mu ca cng ngh WAP Cng ngh WAP c mong ch s hu ch cho cc ng dng v dch v vt xa nhng g ch r bi WAP Forum. Hnh 3.2 m t mt vi kh nng ca chng giao thc s dng cc cng ngh WAP Phn bn tri ca kin trc m t mt v d in hnh ca ng dng WAP, ngha l cc tc t ngi dng WAE chy trn hon ton cng ngh WAP. Chng giao thc gia dnh cho cc ng dng m cn n cc dch v giao dch, an ton hoc khng an ton. Chng bn phi dnh cho cc ng dng v dch v ch yu cn giao vn d liu an ton hoc khng an ton.
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M hnh tham chiu WAP

Hnh 3.3 L m hnh tham chiu WAP trong cc thc th qun l lp iu khin vic khi to giao thc, cu hnh v cc iu kin li (ging nh mt kt ni ca cc trm do cc di ng i ra ngoi vng ph sng) m khng c iu khin bi chnh giao thc
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WAE Lp ng dng (The Application Layer)

Lp nh ca chng giao thc WAP l mi trng ng dng khng dy WAE, l mt mi trng a nng da trn s kt hp ca WWW v cc cng ngh h thng in thoi di ng. WAE l kt qu ca vich c gng a ra mt tp cc ch tiu chung pht trin tt c cc ng dng hot ng trn mng khng dy. Phn ny s xem xt ton din v WAE: nn tng, phng hng, c ch v cc thnh phn ca n. Nn tng WAE xc nh mt b khung ng dng cho cc thit b khng dy ging nh PDA v in thoi di ng,v.vN c xy dng da trn cc cng ngh WAP tn ti nh WTP v WSP, c hai phn ca chng giao thc. WAE trn ca lp cao nht v c th truy cp n mi hoc mi lp bn di n, nh c iu khin bi kin trc chng giao thc WAP. Sn phm ca WAE l cc ch tiu k thut hoc l mi hoc l da trn cc cng ngh c v c tri nghim. Tiu im ca cc cng ngh l:
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Ngn ng nh du cho thit b cm tay HDML ca Phone.com. Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML ca WWW. Tiu chun ECMA-262 Tiu chun ngn ng ECMAScript da trn JavaScript. nh dng d liu lch thng mi (vCalendar) v nh dng d liu danh b thng mi (vCard) ca IMC. Mt phn ln ca cc cng ngh WWW nh cc URL, HTTP. Mt phn ln ca cc cng ngh Mng Di ng nh cc dch v iu khin cuc gi GSM v cc dch v IS-136 ni chung nh gi tin nhanh.
Cc cng ngh WAE a ra khng phc v y cc cng ngh thc y n. Tt nhin , s thay i to ra s kt hp cc phn t tt hn vo mt mi trng lin kt, s tng tc ti u hn v giao din ngi dng cho cc u cui gii hn mn hnh nh m c th truyn thng qua cc mng di ng. Cc mc tiu v yu cu Danh sch di y tm tt cc yu cu ca Mi trng ng dng khng dy WAE:
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WAE phi c kh nng n gin m hiu qu, l mi trng pht trin v thc thi cc ng dng c ngha v hu ch. WAE phi cung cp mt b khung ng dng tng qut. WAE khng th cho rng mt trnh duyt l mt tc t iu khin trong thit b v cng
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khng c th cho rng mt trnh duyt lc no cng chay trn thit b. Cc ng dng khc c th tn ti trong thit b. Trong trng hp , WAE phi khng ngn cn cc ng dng cng tn ti hoc kt hp ngang hng vi mt trnh duyt. Thm vo cc ng dng kia c th truy nhp v thc y cc dch v WAE chung trn thit b. WAE phi khng sai khin hoc mang bt k c ch giao tip ngi my (Man Machine Interface - MMI) no. Cc ci t WAE pahi c kh nng a vo cc c ch MMI mi hoc s dng cc c ch MMI tn ti. C ch ci t phi c kh nng hng ngi dng cui vi mt MMI ph hp v c ngha c kh nng tng thch vi thit b ch. WAE phi c kh nng tng thch vi mt lng phong ph a dng cc thit b c nng lc hn ch. WAE phi c mt b nh nh v c yu cu kh nng tnh ton gii hn. WAE tng thc vi th h thit b khng dy hin ti m khng gy nguy him v c kh nng pht trin h tr cho cc thit b trong cc th h tng lai. WAE phi y mnh s kt hp cc phng tin c hiu qu thu nh s lng v tn s ca d liu lu chuyn qua khng kh vi cc server gc. WAE phi cung cp cc phng tin truyn cc nng lc thit b ti cc server gc. Thm v cc dch v mng WAE phi da trn chng giao thc mng ca WAP WAE phi h tr vic quc t ho v a phng ho s dng cc tiu chun hoc cc phng php thc hin c chp nhn WAE phi khng lm tn hi n c ch bo mt ca WAP. WAE phai bao gm c ch truy cp c ngha bo m x l an ton cc ni dung truy nhp ca mng WAE phi khuyn khch v cho php vic ci t ng hnh cc nh sn xut, cc nh cung cp ni dung v dch v khc nhau. WAE phi cha cc m rng cho php cc phng tin dnh cho iu khin cuc gi v tin nhn, tt nh cho php mt tp tiu chun cuc gi gi tr gia tng v cc kh nng iu khin c trng WAE phi cho php cc nh iu hnh mng a vo cc c trng hot ng mi vo cc ci t ca h
M hnh kin trc WAE WAE i theo mt m hnh sinh ra t WWW. Tt c ni dung c xc nh trong cc khun dng tng t nh cc khun dng tiu chun ca Internet. Thng tin c giao vn s dng cc giao thc chun trong tn min WWW v mt giao thc ging nh HTTP ti u trong tn min khng dy. WAE vay mn t cc chun WWW bao gm cc phng thc sng to v xut bn vi kh nng tng ng. Kin trc WAE cho php tt c thng tin v cc dch v c t trn cc server gc Web tiu chun, m kt hp cc cng ngh c tri nghim.(V d CGI). Tt c cc ni dung c nh v s dng cc URL chun WWW.
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WAE m rng mt s tiu chun ca WWW theop hng ph hp vi cc thit b di ng v cc c trng mng. Cc m rng WAE c thm vo h tr cc Dich v Mng Di ng nh iu khin cuc gi v tin nhn.. S ch cn thn c tr bi cc cc rng buc b nh v kh nng x l CPU c tm thy trong cc u cui di ng. H tr cho cc mng bng thng thp v thi gian duy tr cao.c bao gm trong kin trc. WAE cho rng s hin hu ca cc chc nng Gateway p ng cho vic m ho v gii m d liu chuyn i v n mobile client. Mc ch ca vic m ho ni dung phn phi ti client l ti thiu ho d liu gi ti client qua mi trng khng kh cng nh ti thiu ho nng lc tnh ton cn thit ca client x l d liu. Chc nng gateway c th thm vo cc server gc hoc t cc gateway chuyn bit nh minh ho hnh 3.4.
Cc phn t chnh ca m hnh WAE bao gm:

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Cc tc t ngi dng WAE (WAE User Agents): Phn mm trong thit b pha client cung cp chc nng r rng ti ngi dng cui. Cc tc t ngi dng (ging nh cc trnh duyt) c tch hp vo kin trc WAP. Chng phin dch ni dung mng tham chiu bi mt URL. WAE cha cc tc t ngi dng cho hai tiu chun ni dung ch yu: Ngn ng nh du khng dy m ho (WML) v kch bn WMLScript bin dch. Cc b pht sinh ni dung: Cc trnh ng dng (hoc dch v) trn cc server gc (v d: cc kch bn CGI,) m to ra cc khun dng ni dung tiu chun trong p ng ti cc yu cu t cc tc t ngi dng trong u cui di ng. WAE khng ch nh bt k b to ni dung tiu
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chun no nhng cho rng n chy sn trn cc server gc vi thng thng c s dng trong WWW ngy nay. Tiu chun m ho ni dung: mt tp m ho ni dung nh ngha tt, cho php mt tc t ngi dng WAE (v d: mt trnh duyt) d dng thng qua ni dung web. Tiu chun m ho ni dung bao gm m ho nn cho WML, m ho byte code cho WMLScript, cc khun dng hnh nh tiu chun, mt khun dng trnh cha nhiu phn v chun thng mi, v cc khun dng d liu lch. Cc ng dng in thoi khng dy Wireless Telephony Applications WTA: Mt tp cc ch tiu ca h thng in thoi m rng cho cuc gi v cc c ch iu khin c trng m cung cp cho cc tc gi (v cc ngi dng cui) cc Dch v Mng Di ng tin tin.
in hnh, Mt tc t ngi dng trn u cui khi to mt yu cu ni dung. Tuy nhin khng phi tt c ni dung phn phi n u cui u l do cc yu cu pha u cui. Vi d, WTA cha cc c ch cho php cc server gc phn phi ni dung pht sinh ti u cui m khng c mt yu cu ca u cui nh minh ho trong hnh 3.5:
Trong mt vi trng hp, ci m server gc phn phi ti thit b ph thuc vo cc c trng ca thit b. Cc c trng tc t ngi dng c truyn ti server qua cc c ch m phn nng lc chun cho php cc ng dng trn server gc xc nh cc c trng ca thit b u cui di ng. WAE nh ngha mt tp cc nng lc tc t ngi dng m s c thay i s dng cc c ch WSP. Cc nng lc gm c cc c trng thit b tng quan nh phin bn WML h tr, phin bn WMLScript, du chm ng, cc khun dng hnh nh v mt s th khc.
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Hnh 3.6 m t cc thnh phn client ca WAE, , WAE c chia thnh hai lp logical:
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Cc tc t ngi dng nh cc trnh duyt, s danh b,cc h son tho tin nhn, v.v Cc dch v v cc khun dng, bao gm cc phn t chung v cc nh dng c th truy cp ti cc tc t ngi dng ging nh WML, WMLScript, cc khun dng hnh nh, vCard, vCalendar, v.v
iu cn ch l s phn tch ny ch l cch nhn logic, khng cn thit qu chnh xc trong cc trin khai. Cu trc WAE ph thuc trn cc quyt nh thit k ca nhng ngi trin khai. 1. Cc tc nhn ngi dng (user agent) WAE.
Tc nhn WML l mt tc nhn c bn ca WAE. Tuy nhin WAE khng hn ch ti mt tc nhn WML. WAE cho php kt hp cc tc nhn ngi dng c
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phm vi r rng vi cc kin dc v cc mi trng khc nhau. C bit, mt tc nhn WTA phi xc nh nh mt s m rng ch tiu k thut WAE cho mi trng h thng in thoi khng dy. Cc m rng WTA cho php cc nh sng to truy nhp v tng tc vi cc c trng h thng in thoi di ng (v f: iu khin cuc gi) tt nh cc ng dng khc c trn in thoi nh s a ch v cc ng dng lch. WAE khng ch nh chnh thc bt c tc nhn ngi dng no. Cc c trng v nng lc ca mt tc nhn ngi dng c cho php bi ngi ci t. V vy WAE ch nh ngha cc dch v v khun mu c s m m bo c kh nng cng hot ng gia cc s trin khai. Mt s tng quan v cc dch v v cc khung mu c trnh by phn sau
2.
Cc dch v (service) v cc khun mu (formats) WAE.
Lp cc dch v v cc khun mu WAE cha cc mt s lng ln cc ng gp k thut ca cc nh sng to WAE. Phn tip theo s xem qua v cc thnh phn chnh ca WAE bao gm Ngn ng nh du khng dy (WML), Ngn ng kch bn WMLScript, cc ng dng WAE v cc khun mu ni dung h tr
WML
WML l mt ngn ng th ho ti liu. C bit, n l mt ng dng ca ngn ng nh du tng qut WML tha hng di sn ca HTML va HDML. WML c xc nh nh mt ti liu kiu XML. N c ti u cho vic trnh by v s tng tc ngi dng trn cc thit b nng lc hn ch nh cc in thoi v cc u cui di ng khc. WML v mi trng h tr c thit k vi s hp l cho cc rng buc thit b bng hp nh: mng hnh hin th nh, u vo ngi dng gii hn cc kt ni mng bng hp, cc ti nguyn b nh gii hn v cc ti nguyn tnh ton hn ch WML da trn mt tp nh ca HDML phin bn 2.0. WML thay i mt vi phn t thng qua HDML v a vo cc phn t mi. Mt s trong chng bt chc tng t cc phn t trong HTML. Kt qu ca WML l ci t cc card v deck. N cha cc cu trc cho php cc ng dng ch r cc ti tiu to t nhiu card. S tng tc vi ngi dng c m t trong mt tp cc card nhng ci m s c nhm li vi nhau trong cng mt ti liu (thng thng c xem nh mt deck). Mt cch logic, ngi dng duyt qua mt tp cc card WML. Ngi dng duyt mt card, xem ni dung ca n v c th nhp vo thng tin yu cu, c th to mt vi la chon v sau chuyn ti mt card khc. Cc ch th ghi vo trong cc card c th triu gi cc dch v trn cc server gc do cc tng tc ring bit. Cc deck WML c th lu trong cc file tnh trn mt server gc hoc c th c pht sinh ng bi mt b to ni dung
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chy trn server gc. mi card trong mt deck xc nh mt tng tc ngi dng ring bit. WML c cc c trng phong ph, a dng, bao gm: - H tr vn bn thun (text) v hnh nh:WML cung cp cho cc tc gi cc phng tin nh r vn bn v hnh nh s hin th nh th no pha ngi dng. Nh cc ngn ng nh du khc, WML yu cu tc gi xc nh s trnh by trong cc gii hn rt chung v cho php tc nhn ngi dng t do xc nh chnh xc thng tin c trnh by nh th no pha ngi dng cui. WML cung cp mt tp cc phn t nh du vn bn bao gm cc phn t nhn mnh (v d: m, nghing, ln, ), cc c ch tch dng khc nhau, cc th phn ct, mc h tr cho vic cn chnh n gin. - H tr u vo ngi dng:WML h tr mt s phn t ly d liu nhp t pha ngi dng. Cc phn t c th kt hp thnh mt hoc nhiu card. WML cha mt tp nh cc iu khin nhp. V d WML cha mt iu khin nhp liu vn bn thun h tr vn bn v password. Cc trng vn bn c th c khoc mt mt n ngn cn ngi dng cui nhp cc kiu k t khng ng. WML cha mt iu khin la chn, cho php tc gi trnh by mt danh sch cc tu chn m c th thit lp d liu, duyt cc card v triu gi cc kch bn (script). WML h tr hai kiu tu chn n tu chn v a tu chn. WML cng h tr cc iu khin triu gi tc v. Khi kch hot, cc iu khin ny c th khi to mt b iu hng hoc mt nhim v qun l lch s ging nh qua mt lin kt n mt card khc hay y card hin thi ra khi ngn xp lch s. Tc nhn ngi dng t do la chn cch trnh by cc iu khin nh th no. - B iu hng v ngn xp lch s: WML cho php mt s c ch iu hng s dng cc URL. N l loi u tin trong c ch lch s. B iu hng s dng cc lin kt kiu HTML, cc phn t iu hng bn trong card, cc phn t iu hng lch s. - H tr quc t ho: Tp k t cho WML l tp k t thng nht - UCS ca ISO/IEC-10646. Hin nay tp k t ny c gi l Unicode 2.0. N khng cn thit cc deck WML m ho s dng b m Unicode y (UCS-4). Bt b m k t no cha mt tp con thch hp cc k t logic trong Unicode cng c th s dng (v d: US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, Shift_JIS,v.v) - c lp MMI: Cc ch tiu l thuyt v biu din v trnh by ca WML to kh nng u cui v thit b lm ch thit k MMI cho cc sn phm ring ca h. - S ti u bng hp: WML cha mt tp phong ph cc cng ngh ti u ho truyn thng trn mt thit b bng hp. iu bao gm c kh nng xc nh nhiu tng tc (nhiu card) ngi dng trn mt ln truyn ti mng (mt deck). N cng cha nhiu iu kin qun l trng thi ti u ho yu cu ti server gc. WML cha cc c ch khc ci tin thi gian p ng v ti thiu lng d liu lu chuyn qua khng kh. - Qun l trng thi v ng cnh: WML cung cp mt ng cnh phng vho tc gi. Mi iu khin nhp WML c th a vo cc bin. Trng thi ca cc
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bin c th c s dng thay i ni dung ca mt card tham s ho m khng phi truyn thng vi mi server. Hn na, thi gian sng ca mt trng thi ng c th ko di hn so vi mt deck ring l v c th c chia s bi nhiu deck ngang hng m khng phi s dng mt server lu trng thi trung gian gia cc ln triu gi deck.
WMLScript
WMLScript l mt ngn ng kch bn hng th tc n gin. N m rng s tin li v trnh by v duyt ca WML vi cc kh nng iu khin hnh vi, h tr nhiu b iu khin hnh v ca giao din ngi dng nng cao, thm cc s l thng minh ti client, cung cp mt c ch thch hp truy nhp thit b v cc b phn ngoi vi ca n v thu nh d truyn thng vi server gc. WMLScript da trn mt tp con ca ngn ng kch bn ca WWW Javascript. N l mt tp con m rng ca Javascript cho vic thm cc th tc iu khin ti cc deck WML. WMLScript chn lc cc c tnh ca JavaScript cho thit b bng hp, kt hp n vi WML v cung cp kh nng m rng cho cc dch v tng lai v cc ng dng c lp thit b WMLScript cung cp cho cc lp trnh vin mt lng ln cc kh nng th v:
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Kh nng kim tra tnh hp l cho cc iu khin nhp liu trc khi gi ti server. Kh nng truy nhp n gin thit b v cc b phn ngoi vi. Kh nng tng tc vi ngi dng khng thng qua server gc.(V d: hin th mt thng bo li).
WMLScript cha cc c trng:

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Ngn ng kch bn da trn Javascript: WMLScript c to ra theo gii php chun cng nghip v thch hp cho mi trng bng hp. iu ny lm cho WML c cc nh pht trin d dng nm bt v s dng. Ngn ng hng th tc: WMLScript a thm kh nng s l logic hng th tc ti WAE. Ngn ng hng s kin: WMLScript c th c triu gi trong p ng ti cc s kin ngi dng hoc mi trng no . Tch hp vo WAE: WMLScript c tch hp y vi WAE vo trong trnh duyt WML. iu cho php tc gi xy dng cc dch v ca h s dng c hai cng ngh, s dng gii php thch hp nht iu khin tc v. WMLScript c truy nhp ti m hnh trng thi WML v c th thit lp v ly v cc bin WML.
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H tr quc t ho: M ngun vn bn WMLScript c trnh by nh l mt chui cc k t c th trnh by bi tp k t thng nht ISO/IEC10646. Hin ti tp k t ny l i din cho chun Unicode 2.0. Cc ti liu WMLScript khng cn thit m ho s dng b m Unicode y (UCS-4). H tr th vin c kh nng m rng: WMLScript c th c dng trnh by v m rng chc nng thit b m khng cn phi thay i phn mm thit b.
Cc URL
WAE cho php mt tp phong ph cc dch v URL m cc tc nhn ngi dng c th s dng. Ni ring, da phn ln trn HTTP v HTML URL. Trong mt vu trng hp, cc thnh phn WAE m rng ng ngha URL ging nh trong WML, cc phn URL m rng cho php lin kt ti cc chc nng WMLScript ring bit
Cc khun dng ni dung WAE

WAE cha mt tp cc khun dng ni dung c tn thnh mthun li cho vic lu chuyn d liu ng thi. Cch thc chuyn i ph thuc vo d liu v tc nhn ngi dng WAE danh nh. Hai khun dng quan trng nht nh ngha trong WAE l m WML v m byte code WMLScript. WAE nh ngha cc nh dng m WML v WMLScript theo hiu qu ti u kh nng tnh ton ti client. Thm vo , WAE nh ngha cc khun dng khc cho cc kiu d liu bao gm:
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Hnh nh: WAE h tr hin th trc quan mt vi khun dng hnh nh. Cc thng bo nhiu phn: WAE pht trin mt s m ho nhiu phn ti u lu chuyn nhiu kiu ni dung qua WSP. Cc nh dng do tc nhn ngi dng ch nh: WAE chp nhn hai khun dng ni dung c bit lu chuyn d liu gia cc tc nhn ngi dng thch hp cho c hai loi truyn thng client/server v ngi dng ti ngi dng.
Bo mt v iu khin truy nhp Vi mc ch thc hin cc truyn thng an ton quan mng khng dy WAE a ra WTLS. Thm vo , c hai WML v WMLScript u cha cc nn mng xy dng iu khin truy nhp truyn thng ti client URL da vo vic hn ch truy nhp. WAE cng h tr c ch nhn thc c bn HTTP 1.1.
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WSP Lp Phin (The Session Layer)

Lp phin trong chng giao thc WAP c gi l giao thc phin khng dy Wireless Session Protocol WSP. WSP cung cp mt giao din gia WSP v phn cn li ca chng giao thc. Giao din ny c s dng gin xp c trt t ni dung lu chuyn gia client v cc ng dng server.WSP c thit k trn lp giao dch v cc dch v d liu . Phn ny trnh by WSP iu tit cc dch v giao dch v bo mt nh th no. Cc c trng WSP WSP cung cp mt bin php lu chuyn d liu c trt t gia cc ng dng client/server. Cu th: Thit lp mt phin lm vic tin cy t client ti server v gii phng phin lm vic mt cch c th t. Chp nhn trn mt mc chung ca chc nng giao thc s dng k nng m phm Lu chuyn ni dung gia client/server s dng m ho ti u Kh nng tm ngng v khi phc cc phin lm vic
Cc dch v v cc giao thc nh ngha hin ti hu ht thch hp cho cc ng dng kiu trnh duyt. WSP nh ngha hai giao thc hin ti: mt cung cp c ch kt ni cc dch v phin qua mt dch v giao dch, v mt cung cp cc dch v phi kt ni qua mt dch v giao vn d liu . Dch v phi kt ni hu ht l ph hp khi cc dch v khng cn tin tng d liu truyn v khng kim tra cn thn thng tin. N c th s dng m khng cn phi thit lp mt phin lm vic. Thm vo cc c trng chung WSP cung cp bin php : Cung cp chc nng HTTP 1.1: m rng c ch yu cu/p ng, cc i tng lai ghp, m phn kiu ni dung. Lu chuyn cc tiu phin clien/server. Ngt cc giao dch trong tin trnh. y ni dung t server ti client theo mt c ch khng ng b. m phn h tr nhiu giao dch khng ng b ng thi.
Chc nng c bn
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Phn li ca thit k WSP l mt dng nh phn ca HTTP. Do cc yu cu gi t server ti client c th mang c hai phn tiu v d liu. Tt c cc phng thc thit k bi HTTP/1.1 u h tr. Thm vo , kh nng m phn c th c s dng chp nhn mt tp cc phng thc yu cu m rng. Bi vy s tng thch y vi cc ng dng HTTP c th c gi li. WSP t n khng phin dch cc thng tin tiu trong cc yu cu v p ng. Mt phn ca phin to ra tin trnh, cc tiu yu cu, p ng v phn cn li trong thi gian sng ca phin c th c chuyn gia nhng ngi dng dch v ti client v server. C th bao gm: kh nng chp nhn cc kiu ni dung, cc tp k t, cc ngn ng, cc nng lc thit b v cc tham s khc. WSP s thng qua cc tiu phin client v server nh l cc yu cu v p ng m khng c vic thm hoc bt. Chu k sng ca mt phin WSP khng ph thuc vo lp giao vn bn di. Mt phin c th b treo trong khi ch gii phng ti nguyn mng hoc tit kim pin. Mt giao thc thit lp li phin n gin cho php khi phc cc phin khng c s thit lp phc tp trn.
Chc nng m rng

WSP cho php nhiu kh nng m rng m phn gia cc u cui. iu ny cho php ci t c hai: hiu nng cao, chc nng y trong cc ci t n gin, c bn v nh. WSP cung cp mt c ch tu chn cho vic nh km cc thng tin tiu ti thng bo ACK ca mt giao dch. iu ny cho php ng dng client truyn cc thng tin xc nh v giao dch hon tt v server. WSP cung cp c hai c ch truyn ti d liu: ko v y. C ch ko c s dng trong cc yu cu/p ng da trn HTTP/1.1. Thm vo WSP cung cp ba c ch y cho truyn ti d liu: -
y d liu khng nh vi mt ng cnh phin ang tn ti. y d liu khng khng nh vi mt ng cnh phin ang tn ti. y d liu khng khng nh khng tn ti mt phin.
WSP h tr tu chn cc yu cu khng ng b, nh vy client c th trnh nhiu yu cu ti server ng thi. iu ny ci tin vic tn dng thi gian do c th gp chung nhiu yu cu v p ng vo trong mt vi thng ip. Cc yu cu c th gi n client khi c th. WSP chia cc trng tiu thnh cc trang m tiu . Mi trang m ch c th nh ngha ch mt gii hn nht nh cc m ng vi cc tn trng bit. Vic thc
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thi cc nh danh bn ngoi trang m khng l vn do WSP c mt c ch dch t mt trang m tiu ny ti mt trang m tiu khc. Cc k hiu WSP S xc nh cc dch v nguyn thy Truyn thng gia cc lp v gia hai thc th trong lp phin c thc hin bi cc dch v nguyn thu. Dch v nguyn thu, m t mt cch tru tng, lu chuyn thng tin v iu khin gia lp phin v cc lp lin k. Dch v nguyn thu cha cc lnh v cc p ng tng ng kt hp vi dch v ring bit cung cp. C php chung ca mt li gi nguyn thu: X - Kiu dch v (Cc tham s) X ch nh lp cung cp dch v. Cho trng hp ny ch r X l S vi lp Phin (Session Layer) v l T vi lp Giao vn (Transport) Cc th thi gian lin tc Cc th thi gian lin tc c s dng minh ho cho cc hnh v ca dch v nguyn thu. Chng rt ging vi cc lc UML dng m t hnh vi ca bt k h thng no.
Client
Nh cung cp
Server
S - Request S Indication
Hnh 3.7: Mt dch v khng bo nhn (a non confirmed service) Hnh trn m t mt dch v khng bo nhn n gin, c yu cu bi mt yu cu nguyn thu v cc kt qu trong mt ch th nguyn thu gi ti u cui. ng
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gch t m t vic truyn thng mc d cc nh cung cp khc nhau cung cp chu k ch th c th rt khc nhau. Nu cc nhn Client v Server c bao gm trong biu th c hai u cui u khng th khi to cc li gi nguyn thu. Nu cc nh c b qua, c hai pha u cui u c th khi to li gi nguyn thu.
Cc kiu li gi nguyn thu

n gin ho cc vn , ch bn kiu li gi nguyn thu c nh ngha. Kiu li gi Request Indication Vit tt req ind M t S dng khi mt lp cao hn yu cu mt dch v t lp k bn di Mt lp cung cp mt dch v s dng kiu li gi nguyn thu ny thng bo cho lp k trn ca hot ng c lin quan ti u cui (ging nh thnh cu mt li gi nguyn thu gc request) hoc ti nh cung cp dch v ging nh mt giao thc pht sinh s kin Mt lp s dng kiu li gi nguyn thu response p ng li gi nguyn thu indication t lp k di Lp cung cp dch v yu cu s dng kiu li gi nguyn thu confirm bo co kch hot thnh cng dch v.
Response Confirm
res cnf
Cc phn t WSP trong truyn thng gia cc lp Lp phin trong WAP cung cp c hai kiu dch v kt ni (connection) v phi kt ni (connection-less). Chng c nh ngha s dng k thut m t tru tng da trn cc phc v li gi nguyn thu. S nh ngha dch v ny xc nh chc nng ti thiu m mt phin WAP phi p ng c h tr nhng ngi s dng n. Do nh ngha ny l tru tng, khng ch ra hoc xc nh cc giao tip lp trnh hoc cc ci t. Thc t, dch v tng t c th c cung cp bi cc giao thc khc nhau.
i. Dch v c kt ni
Dch v phin c kt ni c chia thnh nhiu loi tin ch , mt s trong l tu chn. Hu ht cc tin ch l khng i xng, bi vy, cc hnh ng c sn ca client v server kt ni khc nhau bi phin. Cc tin ch cung cp: - Tin ch qun l phin. - Tin ch triu gi phng thc.
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Tin ch bo co ngoi l. Tin ch y (push). Tin ch y xc nhp (confirmed push). Tin ch phc hi phin
Cc tin ch qun l phin v bo co ngoi l l lun c sn. Cc tin ch khc c iu khin bi qu trnh m phm nng lc trong sut qu trnh thit lp phin. Tin ch Qun l phin cho php mt client kt ni vi mt server v bng lng trn cc tin ch v cc tu chn giao thc c s dng. Mt server c th t chi mt kt ni th, t do chn la vic hng client ti mt server khc. Trong sut qu trnh thit lp, client v server cng c th trao i cc thng tin thuc tnh c cho l vn cn hp l trong sut phin lm vic. C hai server v client u c th kt thc phin lm vic, nh th, u cui c thng bo sau cng v vic kt thc phin. Ngi dng cng c thng bo nu vic kt thc phin xy ra bi nh cung cp dch v hoc mt thc th qun l. Tin ch Triu gi phng thc cho php client ngh server thc thi mt hnh ng v tr v mt kt qu. Cc hnh ng c sn l cc phng thc HTTP hoc cc hnh ng m rng m ngi dng nh ngha. Nhng ngi s dng dch v c hai pha client v server lun c thng bo v vic hon thnh cc giao dch, c khi thnh cng hoc hng. Nguyn nhn hng c th c hai pha ngi dng dch v v nh cung cp dch v. Tin ch Bo co ngoi l cho php nh cung cp dch v bo cho ngi s dng v cc s kin c lin quan n nhng giao dch khng mang tnh cht ring t v khng gy ra s thay i trng thi phin. Tin ch y (Push) cho php server gi cc thng tin khng c yu cu n client a n s thun li trong vic chia s thng tin gia client v server. Tin ch y c xc nhn (confirmed-push) cng ging nh tin ch push nhng yu cu client xc nhn thng tin nhn. Client c th la chn hu b thng bo ca server. Tin ch Phc hi phin cung cp cc phng tin tm ngng mt phin m trng thi ca phin c lu gi, nhng c 2 pha ca phin du bit rng truyn thng s khng c p ng cho n khi phin c client phc hi. C ch ny cng dng iu khin trng thi m cc nh cung cp dch v pht hin c, vic truyn thng s khng ko di lu hn cho n khi hot ng c sa ng bi ngi s dng dch v hoc cc thc th qun l. N cng c th c s dng chuyn phin ti mt mng mang thay th c nhiu thuc tnh thch hp hn mng mang ang s dng. Tin ch ny phi c ci t m bo iu khin hnh vi hp l trong mi trng mng mang hin ti.
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Cc nng lc v m phm nng lc

Thng tin lin quan n cc nh cung cp dch v phin c iu khin bi cc nng lc. Cc nng lc c s dng cho cc mc ch phong ph, a dng, c phm vi t vic a ra mt tp la chon cc dch v tin ch v cc thit lp tham s giao thc ring n vic thit lp cc trang m v cc tn phng thc m rng s dng cho c hai pha u cui. m phn nng lc c s dng m phn gia hai pha dch v v mc chp nhn c ca dch v v ti thiu hnh ng ca nh cung cp dch v theo cc yu cu thc t ca ngi dng dch v. m phn nng lc ch c p dng cho cc nng lc c kh nng m phn c; cc nng lc mang tnh cht thng tin c truyn ti pha ngi s dng dch v khng c s thay i. Pha khi s m phn nng lc gi l initiator v pha cn li gi l responder. Ch mt cch m phn c nh ngha, initiator s ngh mt tp cc nng lc v responder s tr li nhng iu ny. Tin trnh m phn nng lc din ra di s iu khin ca initiator, v responder phi khng p tr bt k thit lp nng lc no cao hn chc nng ngh ca initiator. m phn nng lc lun p dng ti tt c cc nng lc bit. Nu mt nng lc ring bit b b qua t tp cc nng lc to ra bi li gi dch v nguyn thu th phi c gii thch ngha rng nu vic khi to cc li gi nguyn thu cn s dng ci t nng lc hin thi th cc gi tr mc nh s c s dng trong sut tin trnh m phm nng lc. Tuy nhin, responder c th vn p ng vi mt gi tr nng lc khc, khng bao hm mc chc nng cao hn. Cch m phn nng lc c x l theo trnh t sau: 3. Initiator ngh mt tp cc gi tr nng lc
ii. Cc c trng gia thc ca WSP hng kt ni

WSP hng kt ni h tr: -
Thit lp phin. Triu gi phng thc. Cc thng bo push. Tm ngng (treo) phin. Phc hi phin. Chm dt phin.
Mi c trng c gii thch qua cc v d v cc lc tun t thi gian sau: V d thit lp phin:
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Vic m phm c lm vo lc thit lp phin. Ch mt cch m phn c nh ngha, Initiator s ngh mt tp cc nng lc v responder tr li. Do WAP server phi mng hn so vi thit b WAP cm tay, v ta mong ch WAP server s iu khin c tt c cc nng lc ca thit b cm tay.
V d phng thc Invoke:
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Vic triu gi phng thc ging nh HTTP/1.1.
V d hy b phng thc Invoke:
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V d non-confirmed Push:
V d confirmed Push:
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V d phc hi phin thng thng:
iii. Dch v phin phi kt ni
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Trong c ch phi kt ni, WSP ch cung cp mt khung c bn ca cc dch v. Do khng tn dng lp WTP, khng xc nhn cho bt k phng thc no c gi. Di y l mt lot cc c trng dch v WSP phi kt ni. Ch cc yu cu-p ng n gin v push. Khng c qu trnh thit lp phin. Khng tin cy qua FTP. Cung cp cc dch v phin ging nh l tin nhn thng minh.
Cc c trng giao thc ca WSP phi kt ni.

Ch h tr ba kiu li gi dch v nguyn thy. 1. MethodInvoke: gi mt yu cu 2. MethodResult: tr li mt yu cu 3. UnitPush: gi mt thng bo push Mi li gi push hoc cp Invoke/Result u c nh danh bi 1 TID (S nhn dang giao dch Transaction Identifier) . Vic truyn thng c th din ra ti bt c thi im no m mng cung cp l c kh nng. Cc dch v bo mt c th c s dng (WTSL) . Do n khng su dng WTP, WSP phi kt ni c th khng ng tin cy. WTP Lp Giao dch (The Transaction Layer)
Mt giao thc giao dch c nh ngha cung cp cc dch v cn thit cho vic duyt (yu cu/p ng) cc ng dng. Trong sut mt phin duyt, client yu cu cc thng tin t mt server v server p ng. Cp yu cu/p ng c gi l mt giao dch. Mc tiu ca WTP l cung cp cc giao dch tin cy. Phn ny s m t v WTP v tng tc vi cc lp khc. Cc c trng giao thc WTP Danh sch sau tm tt cc c trng ca WTP - C 3 Loi loi dch v giao dch: Loi 0: Triu gi thng bo khng tin cy khng c thng bo kt qu. Loi 1: Triu gi thng bo tin cy khng c thng bo kt qu. Loi 2: Triu gi thng bo tin cy vi mt thng bo kt qu tin cy.
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- Tnh tin cy t c thng qua vic s dng cc nh danh giao dch duy nht,
s bo nhn, b d liu lp v vic truyn li d liu hng. Ty chn tnh tin cy ngi dng n ngi dng: Ngi dng xc nhn mi thng bo nhn c. Ty chn, vic thng bo nhn sau cng c th cha cc thng tin khng lin quan n vic giao dch nh o lng hiu nng. S lin kt c th c s dng truyn nhiu n v d liu giao thc trong mt n v d liu dch v ca giao vn d liu . S nh hng thng bo. n v c s ca s trao i trong ton b mt thng bo khng phi l mt lung byte. Giao thc cung cp c ch ti thiu ha s giao dch c chuyn tip nh l kt qu ca cc gi lp. Hy b giao dch cn tn ti, bao gm vic loi b cc d liu cha gi c hai pha client v server. Vi c ch triu gi thng bo tin cy, c vic thnh cng hay hng u c bo co. Nu mt li triu gi khng c iu khin bi Responder th mt thng bo li s tr v cho Initiator thay cho kt qu H tr giao dch khng ng b.
Cc loi giao dch Cc phn sau s m t cho cc loi giao dch ca WTP. Nh cung cp WTP khi to mt giao dch gi l Initiator. Nh cung cp WTP p ng mt giao dch gi l Responder. Loi giao dch c xc nh bi Initiator v c bo cho Responder bng mt thng bo Invoke. Cc loi giao dch khng th m phn.
Loi 0: Triu gi thng bo khng tin cy khng c thng bo kt qu.

Cc giao dch loi 0 cung cp mt dch v d liu khng tin cy. N c th c s dng bi cc ng dng cn thit mt dch v push-khng tin cy. Hnh vi c s ca cc giao dch loi 0: Mt li gi thng ip c gi t Initiator n Responder. Responder khng xc nhn nhn thng ip v Initiator khng truyn li. Ti Initiator, giao dch kt thc khi thng ip c gi i. Ti Responder, giao dch kt thc khi thng ip nhn c. giao dchl phi trng thi v khng th b hy b.
Loi 1: Triu gi thng bo tin cy khng c thng bo kt qu.

Cc giao dch loi 1 cung cp mt dch v d liu tin cy. N c th c s dng bi cc ng dng cn thit mt dch v push-tin cy. Hnh vi c s ca cc giao dch loi 1:
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Mt li gi thng ip c gi t Initiator n Responder. Responder xc nhn nhn thng. Responder lu gi trng thi ca thng tin phc v cho vic truyn li d liu nu b hng. Ti Initiator, giao dch kt thc khi nhn c thng bo xc nhn. Nu ty chn xc nhn thng ip c s dng th Responder s khng nh li d liu trc khi gi bo nhn ti Initiator.
Loi 2: Triu gi thng bo tin cy c thng bo kt qu.

Cc giao dch loi 2 cung cp dch v giao dch triu gi/p ng c s. Mt phin WSP c th cha vi giao dch kiu ny. Hnh vi c s ca cc giao dch loi 2 Mt li gi thng ip c gi t Initiator n Responder. Responder tr li vi ch mt thng bo m hon ton tha nhn li gi thng bo. Nu Responder p ng chm hn so vi thi gian p ng nh k, Responder c th tr li vi mt thng bo ch trc khi gi kt qu. iu ny bo cho Initiator khng cn thit truyn li li gi thng ip. Responder gi thng bo kt qu v cho Initiator. Thng bo kt qu c bo nhn bi Initiator. Initiator lu gi trng thi thng tin phc v cho vic truyn li thng tin khi cn thit. Ti Responder, giao dch kt thc khi nhn c bo nhn (ACK). Giao dch c th b hy bt c thi im no. Nu ty chn xc nhn thng ip c s dng th Responder s khng nh li d liu trc khi sinh thng bo kt qu, ti Initiator, vic xc nhn cng c thc hin trc khi gi thng bo nhn kt qu. Thc th qun l WTP Thc th qun l WTP c s dng nh mt giao din gia giao thc WTP v mi trng thit b. N cung cp cho lp WTP thng tin v s thay i ca mi trng thit b m bo su hot ng ng ca WTP. WTP c thit k trn mt mi trng gi nh vi cc hot ng truyn v nhn d liu. V d cc gi nh ny bao gm cc kh nng c s phi c cung cp bi thit b di ng nh: Thit b ang trong vng c hiu lc ca dch v mang. Thit b c ngun in v ang bt ngun. C ti nguyn cho WTP (kh nng x l v b nh). Giao thc WTP c cu hnh ng. Ngi dng sn sng truyn v nhn d liu. Thc th qun l WTP gim st cc dch v trn cng cc nng lc ca mi trng thit b, v s bo cho lp WTP nu mt trong cc gi nh trn l khng c sn. -
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V d nu thit b di chuyn ra ngoi vng hiu lc ca dch v mang, Thc th qun l dch v mang s bo cho thc th qun l WTP rng hin ti vic truyn v nhn ti thit b l v hiu. Thc th qun l WTP s ch th cho lp WTP ng tt c cc kt ni kch hot qua dch v mang. Thm vo , gim st trng thi ca mi trng di ng thc th qun l WTP c th c s dng nh mt giao din ngi dng thit lp cc tham s cu hnh khc nhau cho WTP, nh a ch thit b. N cng c th c s dng ci t cc chc nng c sn nh c trng loi b tt c cc kt ni d liu. Ni chung, thc th qu l WTP s thng bo tt c nhng g lin quan ti vic khi to, cu hnh, cu hnh ng, v cc ti nguyn vi lp WTP. Cc dch v cung cp ti lp trn TR-Invoke Li gi nguyn thy ny s dng khi to mt giao dch mi. Tip theo l cc tham s ca li gi v vic s dng chng.
-
a ch ngun: L a ch duy nht ca thit b to yu cu ti lp WTP. a ch ngun c th l mt s MSISDN, a ch IP, a ch X.25 hoc nh danh khc. Cng ngun: S cng ngun kt hp vi a ch ngun. a ch ch: L a ch ca thit b trnh d liu. a ch ch c th l mt s MSISDN, a ch IP, a ch X.25 hoc nh danh khc. Cng ch: S cng ch kt hp vi a ch ch cho giao dch yu cu hoc ng tn ti. Kiu Ack: Tham s s dng bt hoc tt chc nng bo nhn. D liu ngi dng: D liu ngi dng km theo bi giao thc WTP. n v d liu gi i hoc nhn v t giao thc WTP gi l n v D liu Dch v (Service Data Unit - SDU). y l mt n v y (thng ip) ca d liu m lp cao hn gi ti lp WTP cho vic truyn dn. Lp WTP se truyn SDU v phn phi n ti ch khng c bt c s thay i ni dung no. Loi giao dch: Ch th loi giao dch WTP. Thng tin tr v: D liu ngi dng cng thm gi ti n v gc khi hon thnh truyn dn. M iu khin: Miu khin giao dch l mt ch s tr v lp cao hn lp cao hn c th nhn dng giao dch v kt hp d liu nhn vi mt giao dch kch hot. TR-Handle xc nh duy nht mt giao dch. TR-Handle l mt nh x ca a ch ngun, cng ngun, a ch ch, cng ch ca giao dch.TR-Handle ch l k hiu a phng.
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Li gi nguyn thy ny c s dng gi kt qu tr v ca giao dch khi to trc . N cng s dng cc tham s sau: D liu ngi dng. Thng tin ra. M iu khin.
TR-Abort Li gi nguyn thy ny dng hy b mt giao dch ang tn ti. Cc tham s: M hy. M iu khin.
Phn loi hot ng Giao dch loi 0 Mc ch: c s dng bi WSP. Cc n v d liu: Invoke PDU. Th tc: Mt giao dch loi 0 c khi to bi WTP s dng li gi nguyn thy TR-Invoke vi tham s loi giao dch c thit lp cho loi 0. Nh cung cp WTP gi thng bo Invoke v tr thnh Initiator ca giao dch. Nh cung cp WTP xa nhn thng ip Invoke v tr thnh Responder ca giao dch. Initiator khng mong ch mt p ng. Nu thng ip c nhn bi Responder, n c chp nhn tc th, khng c loi b lp hoc kim tra. Tuy nhin Initiator phi tng TID sau mi giao dch. V Responder phi khng cp nht TID.
Nh cung cp WTP phi h tr giao dch kiu ny, v c th hot ng nh l c Initiator v Responder.
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Giao dch loi 1 Mc ch: S dng bi WSP thc hin mt dch v push tin cy Cc n v d liu:
- Invoke PDU - Ack PDU - Abort PDU Th tc: Mt giao dch loi 1 c khi to bi WTP s dng li gi nguyn
thy TR-Invoke vi tham s loi giao dch c thit lp cho loi 1. Nh cung cp WTP gi thng bo Invoke v tr thnh Initiator ca giao dch. Nh cung cp WTP xa nhn thng ip Invoke v tr thnh Responder ca giao dch. Responder kim tra nh danh giao dch v quyt nh c kim tra chc chn rng giao dch c khi to. Nu khng n phn phi thng ip ti ngi dng v tr v ACK sau cng cho Initiator. Responder phi lu trng thi thng tin phc v cho vic truyn li trong trng hp mt. Nh cung cp WTP phi h tr giao dch kiu ny, v c th hot ng nh l c Initiator v Responder.
Giao dch loi 2 Mc ch: S dung cho hu ht cc dch v giao dch Cc n v d liu: Invoke PDU. Result PDU. Ack PDU. Abort PDU. Th tc: : Mt giao dch loi 2c khi to bi WTP s dng li gi nguyn
thy TR-Invoke vi tham s loi giao dch c thit lp cho loi 2. Nh cung cp WTP gi thng bo Invoke v tr thnh Initiator ca giao dch. Nh
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cung cp WTP xa nhn thng ip Invoke v tr thnh Responder ca giao dch. Responder kim tra nh danh giao dch v quyt nh c kim tra chc chn rng giao dch c khi to. Nu khng n phn phi thng ip ti ngi dng v ch kt qu. Responder c th gi thng ip xc nhn ch sau mt khong thi gian nht nh. Ngi dng WTP gi thng bo kt qu bng cch s dng li gi nguyn thy TR-Result. Khi Initiator nhn c thng ip kt qu, n gi li ACK sau cng cho Responder. Initiator phi lu gi thng tin trng thi phc v cho nhu cu truyn li ACK sau cng nu n mt. Nu Responder khng h tr loi giao dch ny, n tr v 1 Abort PDU vi nguyn nhn NOTIMPLEMENTEDCL2 nh l mt p ng cho thng ip Invoke
WTLS v WDP Lp Giao vn v Bo mt (Security and Transport Layer)

Ti lp bo mt Lp giao vn khng dy an ton c s dng cung cp giao vn an ton gia cc WAP client v cc WAP Gateway. WTLS l mt giao thc bo mt da trn cc chun cng nghip ca giao thc TLS Transport Layer Security, trc y c bit n vi ci tn Secure Socket Layer SSL Tng Socket an ton. Giao thc lp Giao vn trong kin trc WAP gi l giao thc d liu khng dy (Wireless Datagram Protocol - WDP). WDP hot ng trn cc dch v c kh nng mang d liu h tr bi cc kiu mng khc nhau v a ra mt giao tip ph hp vi cc lp trn ca chng giao thc v truyn thng trong sut qua mt trong cc dch v mang c sn.
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Lp WTLS hot ng trn lp giao thc giao vn. Lp WTLS c chia thnh cc module v ch ph thuc vo mc bo mt yu cu ca cc ng dng l c s dng hoc khng. WTLS cung cp cho cc lp trn mt giao din dch v giao vn an ton nhm bo v giao din dch v giao vn bn di n. WTLS cung cp mt giao thc qun l cc kt ni an ton (ngha l: to v chm dt kt ni). Mc tiu chnh ca WTLS l cung cp tnh ring t, tnh ton vn, tnh nhn thc gia hai ng dng ang truyn thng. WTLS cung cp cc chc nng nh h tr d liu , ti u cc thao tc bt tay Giao thc WTLS c ti u cho cc mng mang bng thng thp. i. Qun l kt ni WTLS. Qun l kt ni cho php mt client kt ni ti mt server v chp nhn cc ty chn giao thc. Vic thit lp kt ni an ton bao gm mt s bc v mi mt bn trong client v server u c th ngt vic m phn (V d khi cc tham s mt pha a ra khng c chp nhn). Vic m phn c th bao gm c cc tham s bo mt (V d thut ton m ha v di kha), trao i kha v nhn thc. Mi bn client v server u c th kt thc kt ni ti bt k thi im no.
ii. Kt ni c trng thi WTLS. Kt ni c trng thi l mi trng hot ng ca giao thc Bn ghi WTLS (WTLS Record Protocol). N xc nh mt thut ton nn, thut ton m ha, v thut ton MAC. V mt logic, lun tn ti 2 trng thi kt ni. Trng thi hin ti; v Trng thi sp xy ra.
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Tt c cc bn ghi c x l bi trng thi hin ti. Cc tham s bo mt cho trng thi ch c thit lp bi giao thc bt tay WTLS. Giao thc bt tay phi to ra trng thi ch hin ti. Trng thi ch oc khi to li nh mt trng thi trng. Trng thi hin ti lun lun ch nh vic m ha, nn hay MAC s c s dng. iii. Giao thc bt tay. Cc tham s mt m ca phin an ton c to ra bi Giao thc bt tay hot ng trn nh ca Lp bn ghi WTLS. Khi client v server WTLS u tin bt u truyn thng, chng chp thun phin bn ca giao thc, la chn cc thut ton m ha, ty chn nhn thc v s dng cc k thut kha cng khai sinh ra kha b mt. Giao thc bt tay thc hin qua cc bc sau: 4. Trao i thng ip cho hi chp nhn cc thut ton, trao i cc gi tr ngu nhin. 5. Trao i cc tham s mt m cho php client v server chp thun trn mt kha b mt s cua. 6. Trao i cc chng ch v thng tin mt m client v server c th t nhn thc ln nhau. 7. Sinh mt kha b mt chnh da vo kha b mt s cua v cc gi tr ngu nhin trao i. 8. Cung cp cc thng tin bo mt ti lp bn ghi. 9. Cho php client v server kim tra rng i tng ca chng tnh ton cc tham s bo mt ging nhau, v vic bt tay din ra khng c s gi mo ca mt k tn cng.
iv. Cc c ch mt m WTLS.
Cc c ch mt m s dng trong WTLS: C ch m ha RSA. Thut ton Diffie-Hellman. Thut ton ng cong elliptic Diffie-Hellman. Wireless Datagram Protocol WDP. Giao thc lp giao vn trong kin trc WAP cha giao thc giao dch khng dy (WTP) v giao thc d liu khng dy (WDP). Lp WDP hot ng trn cc dch v c kh nng mang d liu h tr bi cc kiu mng khc nhau. Nh mt dch v d liu ni chung, WDP a ra mt dch v thch hp vi giao thc lp trn ca WAP
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(Security, Transaction v Session) v truyn thng trong sut qua cc dch v mang d liu c sn. Cc giao thc lp WDP cung cp mt giao din chung vi cc lp cao hn (Security, Transaction v Session), chng c th c lp chc nng so vi bn di mng khng dy c bn. iu ny c thc hin bng cch thch ng lp giao vn vi cc c trng xc nh ca dch v mang c bn. Cc dch v WDP a ra bao gm a ch ha ng dng bi s cng, ty chn phn on v ty chn pht hin li. Cc dch v cho php cc ng dng hot ng trong sut qua cc dch v mang khc nhau.
i.
Kin trc WDP.
WDP a ra mt dch v thch hp ti im Truy nhp Dch v Giao vn ti cc lp trn ca WAP. Dch v ny cho php cc ng dng hot ng trong sut qua cc dch v mang khc nhau. WDP c th nh x vo cc dch v mang khc nhau, vi cc c trng khc nhau. Ty vo s ti u gia thc vi s ch vic su dng b nh v t s hiu
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qu truyn dn, m kh nng ca giao thc qua mi dch v mang c th bin i. ii. S m t chung v WDP.
Lp WDP hot ng trn cc dch v c kh nng mang d liu h tr bi cc kiu mng khc nhau. Nh mt dch v d liu ni chung, WDP a ra mt dch v thch hp vi giao thc lp trn ca WAP (Security, Transaction v Session) v truyn thng trong sut qua cc dch v mang d liu c sn. WDP h tr mt s thc th truyn thng ng thi t lp cao hn qua cc dch v mang c bn. Bng cch su dng li cc phn t ca cc dch v mang c bn, WDP c th ci t h tr nhiu dch v mang v ti u cho hot ng trong mi trng hn ch ti nguyn nh thit b di ng.
iii. Thc th qun l WDP. Thc th qun l WDP c s dng nh mt giao din gia lp WDP v mi trng thit b. Thc th qun l WDP cung cp thng tin v s thay i mi trng thit b, m c th nh hng n hot ng ca WDP. V d: gi s rng cc kh nng c s ssau c cung cp bi thit b Thit b trong vung hiu lc ca dch v mang.
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Nghin cu v giao thc WAP Thit b c ngun, v ang bt ngun. C ti nguyn cho WDP (Kh nng x l v b nh). Giao thc WDP c cu hnh ng. Ngi dng sn sng truyn v nhn d liu.
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CHNG IV: TNG QUAN KIN TRC WAP PUSH

Giao thc truy nhp push l giao thc chuyn ni dung s c push ti client (s dng XML), v push cc thng tin iu khin lin quan gia Push Initiator v Push Proxy / Gateway.
Gii thiu.
B khung ng dng Push a ra mt bin php truyn thng tin ti mt thit b khng c hnh ng ngi s dng trc . Trong m hnh client/server thng thng, client yu cu mt dch v hoc thng tin t server, server s phn hi thng tin ti client. Cng ngh ny c gi l Pull. Client ko (pull) cc thng tin v t server. WWW l th d in hnh ca cng ngh pull, ngi dng gi mt URL (yu cu) n mt server v server tr v (p ng) mt trang web ti ngi dng . Ngc li vi n l cng ngh Push, cng da trn c ch client/server nhng khng h c mt yu cu r rng t pha client trc khi server gi ni dung v client.
Mt cch ni khc: giao dch pull thng tin lun c khi to t client, giao dch push thng tin c khi to t server.
B khung ng dng Push.

Mt hot ng Push xy ra trong WAP khi mt Push Initiator truyn ni dung ti client s dng mt trong cc giao thc: giao thc Push qua khng kh (Push Over-theAir Protocol) hoc giao thc truy nhp push (Push Access Protocol). Dng n gin nht ca kin trc push:
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Tuy nhin Push Inititator khng chia s giao thc Push vi WAP Client: Push Initiator trn internet cn WAP Client trn WAP domain. Do , Push Initiator khng th quan h vi WAP Client m khng c mt b phn trung gian. V vy cn a vo mt gateway phin dch:
Nh vy Push Initiator lin h vi Push Proxy Gateway (PPG) t pha Internet, phn phi ni dung ti client ch s dng cc giao thc Internet. PPG l cn thit chuyn tip ni dung push ti WAP domain, v ni dung truyn qua khng kh t mng di ng ti client ch. Giao thc PAP s dng XML c th c truyn tunnel qua cc giao thc internet khc nhau, v d HTTP. Thm vo cung cp dch v proxy gateway n gin, PPG c th c kh nng bo cho Push Initiator v thng ip push cui cng c truyn i, v n c th i cho
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client chp nhn hoc t chi ni dung trong cc mng di ng hai chiu. N cng cung cp cho Push Initiator vi client c kh nng tm kim cc dch v, cho php Push Initiator la chn cc c trng ti u trong ni dung ring cho client . Giao thc truy nhp PPG pha internet gi l giao thc Push Access Protocol PAP. V pha WAP, gi l Giao thc Push Over-The-Air Protocol.
Push Proxy Gateway.

Push Proxy Gateway PPG l mt thc th m nhn hu ht cc cng vic ca kin trc Push. Trch nhim ca n bao gm: hot ng nh mt im truy nhp ni dung push t Internet ti mng di ng v mi th lin quan n chng (Nh: nhn thc, bo mt, iu khin client, v.v). Nh vy, PPG l im nhp mng mt mng di ng. Chnh n l ngi quyt nh ai l ngi c php truy nhp ti mng WAP, nhng ngi c push ni dung v nhng ngi khng c php. Tng quan cc dch v. PPG t ti b khung Push vi mt s dch v. trc tin v ni bt nht, n l im vo cho ni dung push t internet ti WAP domain. Ngha l n c t nht cc chc nng sau: -
Nhn dng v nhn thc Push Initiator; iu khin truy nhp. Phn tch v pht hin li trong thng tin ni dung. Cc dch v khm ph client. Phn gii a ch. Chuyn i giao thc.
Truy nhp t pha Internet PPG chp nhn cc thng tin push t Internet su dng giao thc PAP. Ni dung ny c chia thnh nhiu phn, phn u tin cha thng tin ca chnh PPG . Nh vy, thng tin bao gm: thng tin v ch nhn, timeout, cc yu cu callback, v cc phn t tng t ca thng tin. PPG s thng bo thnh cng (hoc bo co khng thnh cng) vic phn tch thng tin v c th cng thm thng tin g ri v chnh ni dung . N cng lm mt callback ti server ang push mi trng thi kt thc ca khi tin trnh push ( phn phi, hy, ht hn, v.v) xy ra nu Push Initiator yu cu. Dch v iu khin thng ip. Mi ln ni dung c chp nhn cho phn phi, PPG th tm thit b ch chnh xc v phn phi thng tin ti client s dng giao thc Push Over-the-Air Protocol.
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PPG s c gng phn phi ni dung cho n khi ht hn. Thi gian sng c th c thit lp bi Push Initiator v/hoc c thit lp ring ca nh iu hnh di ng. M ha v bin dch. PPG c th m ha cc kiu ni dung WAP (v d WML v SI) thnh cc phn nh phn tng ng nu cm thy thun li. Vic dch t nguyn bn -> nh phn c tin hnh trc khi phn phi ni dung qua khng kh. Cc kiu ni dung khc m ph thuc ng dng xc nh c th c chuyn tip nh nhn c. Cng c th cc Push Initiator tin bin dch ni dung thnh dng nh phn. Thng tin c tin x l s c chuyn tip lun. Dch v truy vn cc nng lc client. Mt Push Initiator c th truy vn PPG bit kh nng ca client to nh dng ni dung tt hn cho thit b WAP xc nh.
Giao thc truy nhp Push.

Push Access Protocol l giao thc mt Push Initiator c th push thng tin t mng Internet ti mng di ng, k gi n li PPG. Ch rng giao thc ny c th c truyn tunnel qua bt k giao thc no ca Internet, mc d HTTP c chn mc nh. Hot ng ca giao thc PAP. PAP h tr cc hot ng sau: S trnh Push (Initiator n PPG).. Cc thng bo kt qu (PPG n Initiator).. Vic hu Push (Initiator n PPG).. Truy vn trng thi (Initiator n PPG).. Cc kh nng Client (Initiator n PPG). Quy trnh push. Cc thng ip Push cha 3 thc th: mt thc th iu khin, mt thc th ni dung v ty chn mt thc th kh nng. Chng c bao trong mt thng ip nhiu phn gi t Push Initiator ti PPG. Thc th iu khin l mt ti liu XML cha cc ch th phn phi dnh ring cho PPG. Ngc li thc th ni dung li dnh ring cho thit b di ng. PPG c th hoc khng th chuyn ni dng ny thnh dng ti u bng thng hn trc khi
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chuyn n qua khng kh: WML c th c m ha thnh WML-C, cn cc nh dng ni dung khc s hon ton khng c m ha. Thc th nng lc ty chn cha cc kh nng ca client m thng ip ln khun. S bo co xc nhn. Nu Push Initiator yu cu xc nhn thng bo phn phi thnh cng, thng ip bo co xc nhn phn phi s c chuyn n Push Initiator sau khi PPG phn phi thnh cng thng ip ti thit b di ng (qua mt mng mang hai chiu), hoc chuyn ti thit b (qua mng mang mt chiu). N cha mt thc th XML. Trong trng hp phn phi hng, bo co xc nhn cng c chuyn ti Push Initiator. Mt c trng chnh ca B khung Push l Push Initiator c th tin tng phn hi t PPG. Nu khng th phn hi, n s hy hnh ng v Push Initiator s bit c l ni dung s khng bao gi n c ch. Khng c k h trong b khung trong vic phn phi sai lm thng tin xc nhn. Vic hy Push. L mt thc th XML chuyn t Push Initiator ti PPG yu cu hy ni dung trnh trc . PPG phn hi thng bo vic hy Push thnh cng hay tht bi. Truy vn kh nng client. L mt thc th XML c gi t Push Initiator ti PPG yu cu cc kh nng ca thit b ring bit trn mng. PPG p ng vi mt thng ip hai phn, gm phn gc l kt qu yu cu v phn th hai l kh nng ca thit b trong khun dng nh ngha bi nhm Cc cu hnh tc nhn ngi dng.
Giao thc Push Over-the-Air Protocol.

Giao thc Push Over-the-Air OTA l mt lp giao thc mng pha trn WSP v mt kin trc. Phn ny ca Push Framework m bo vic phn phi ni dung t PPG ti client v cc tc nhn ngi dng ca n. Giao thc OTA c th s dng cc phin WSP phn phi ni dung. Cc Push hng kt ni cn mt phin WSP hot ng. Nhng server khng th to mt phin. gii quyt trng hp khng c sn mt phin WSP, Push Framework a ra mt Trnh ng dng khi to phin Sesion Initiation Application trn client, lng nghe cc yu cu t cc OTAserver v p ng bng cch thit lp mt phin WSP cho mc ch Push. Client c th kim tra thng tin nhn dng OTAserver trc khi thit lp bt c phin Push no. Vic thc hin phn phi push cng c th thc hin khng c bt k phin push no, s dng mt c ch phi kt ni. iu ny cn thit trong cc mng mt chiu.
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S xem xt bo mt
Khi ci t WAP Push, cc c ch bo mt v tin cy c th c c vo mt s phn. C th t ra cc cu hi sau:
-
Mt Push Initiator c th c nhn thc nh th no ? Vai tr ca PPG trong c ch bo mt v tin cy ? Cc iu khon truy nhp cho Push Initiator v cc ni dung push. Client nhn thc mt s th nh th no nu n khng c mt chng ch.
Nhn thc mt Push Initiator. iu quan trng l mt Push Initiator c nhn thc bng cc cch khc nhau ph thuc cc mi trng bo mt m Push Initiator v PPG hot ng. Di y l danh sch mt vi gii php kh thi: S dng cc chng ch mc Phin (TLS, SSL). Nu mng gia Push Initiator v PPG l khng tin tng (v d: Internet, hay mt mng rt rng Intranet, v.v). TLS, SSL c th s dng gia Push Initiator v PPG. S dng cc chng ch mc i tng. Cc chng ch c th c s dng k hoc m ha ni dung push trn mt nn tng u cui u cui. iu ny khng bao hm PPG trong qu trnh nhn thc v s bo m tnh ring t hn trong nhn thc ni dung ti client. C ch nhn thc HTTP. Mc d hu ht dng chung ca nhn thc HTTP l nhn thc c bn (ngha l mt cp user/password), nhng cc dng khc ca nhn thc HTTP vn c th c a chung hn do s m bo tnh ring t bn vng hn. S kt hp cc cng ngh. C th kt hp cc cng ngh c mt c ch nhn thc hiu qu hn, v d: Push Initiator c th thit lp mt phin TLS, SSL nc danh vi mt PPG, v sau , nhn thc HTTP c th c s dng nhn thc Push Initiator. Cc ni dung k hoc m ha c th c gi qua cc phin nhn thc ny. Mng tin cy.
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Trong nhiu ci t thc t, mng gia Push Initiator v PPG l cc mng ring. Do r rng Push Initiator c tin tng.
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CHNG V: SO SNH: WAP V I-MODE

Phn ny ta s lm mt so snh gia WAP v I-Mode Mt cng ngh truy cp n cc dch v internet trn in thoi di ng ca cng ty vin thng Nht bn NTDoCoMo. I-Mode pht trin da trn cng ngh truyn dn s liu gi. iu ny ngha l I-Mode lun lun online, v do ngi dng ch b tnh cc cho s lng thng tin h nhn v, ch khng phi l bao nhiu pht s dng. I-Mode c th c s dng chuyn mail ti cc my tnh, cc thit b cm tay v n cc thit b i-mode khc. Vi s bnh trng trn th trng Nht Bn, gn y NTT DoCoMo m rng cc dch v ca h vo th trng Chu u, ta c th chng kin s hi t ca hai tiu chun ton cu ca cng ngh Internet di ng, WAP v I-Mode. Chng l cc cng ngh v c bn ging nhau, cng cho php ngi dng truy cp cc thng tin da trn web vi cc kh nng giao dch t mt thit b di ng. Tuy nhin c nhiu iu khc nhau ch yu.
S khc nhau gia WAP v I-Mode

WML v CHTML Khc nhau quan trng u tin l ngn ng lp trnh c s dng. WAP s dng ngn ng nh du khng dy WML trong khi I-Mode s dng CHTML (Compact HTML). CHTML thun li hn so vi WML cho phn ln cc nh pht trin Web. Tuy nhin trong tng lai, ni dung ca Internet s di dng chun XML, v t XML n vi WML thun li hn nhiu. V tt nhin n s ng ch hn nhiu so vi CHTML hay HTML I-Mode: Lun lun kt ni im khc nhau th 2 l I-Mode l mt dch v lun lun kt ni. Ngha l bn khng phi quay s truy nhp vo mt website v email c gi trc tip ti in thoi ca bn. Dch v ny s dng cng ngh GPRS. Email s c gi n nh l cc SMS. V nh mt cng ngh tin tin, chng ta c th gi v nhn cc file d liu ln qua trn thit b khng dy ca chng ta. Cc ph im khc bit th ba l cc ph. I-Mode da trn h thng truyn dn d liu gi, cc thu bao s phi tr tin cho lng d liu lu chuyn ch khng phi cho thi gian kt ni
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Tng lai ca cng ngh Internet khng dy

Mt li th ca I-Mode l bn khng cn s dng th tn dng ca mnh thanh ton, tin cc c cng thm vo ho n in thoi ca bn. y l iu c bit quan trng thu ht cc khch hng tr tui khng c th tn dng. Ch rng I-Mode khng phi l phng tin th tiu WAP. Thc ra, c hai cng ngh u ang thi k s khai, v mi ci s hc hi c nhiu iu t ci kia. WAP v I-Mode, mi ci c cc c im ring. Cc c im ca WAP ang c thay i th hp hn vi ngi Chu . Cng vy, I-Mode c s dng ch yu Nht Bn, mc d NTT DoCoMo (vi hn 20 triu thu bao) hy vng s a n ti Anh Quc v phn cn li ca Chu u trong tng lai. Vi mc tiu nh vy, NTT DoCoMo bt u cung cp ni dung ting Anh trn cc in thoi i-mode cho cc du khch ngoi quc ti Nht bn. Trc khi I-Mode c trin khai Anh th WAP c hoan nghnh nh l tng lai ca truyn thng di ng, gii tr v thng mi. By gi ngi ta phi xem s cung cp ci g, v vi th khng mong mun vi vic cung cp hin ti. WAP to ra mt bc nhy ti cng ngh di ng. By gi chng ta c th gi mail, mua hng v truy nhp d liu khi ang di chuyn. Ngnh cng nghip khng dy v cc nh phn tch u tin tng ging nhau rng xc sut ngi ta truy nhp Internet t in thoi di ng ca h nhiu hn t PC ca h trong vi nm ti. Ngi ta cng thy trc rng cc in thoi cm tay s c nng lc tnh ton tng ng vi cc my tnh xch tay tinh vi, n s c s dng cho hu ht cc truyn thng ca chng ta v cc thng tin cn thit.
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CHNG VI: GII THIU MT NG DNG WAP.

Chng cui cng ny ti xin gii thiu mt cht v mt trnh ng dng nho nh hin thc cng ngh WAP: Dch v WAP Google. tng. Google l g? Hn khng ai trong chng ta khng bit Google l g? Khng nhng l mt cng c tm kim a nng, Google cn c th lm c nhiu th. Bn c th lm ton, c th tra t in, c th kim tra chnh t mt bi vit, c th bit thg tin v mt i tc kinh doanh. Google qu l tuyt vi! Tuy nhin s dng Google bn cn c mt my tnh, kt ni Internet. Bn bit rng vi WAP, in thoi di ng ca bn c th truy cp Internet. Vy ti sao khng kt hp WAP v Google nh? Bn s tn dng c sc mng v i ca Google vi in thoi di ng ca bn. Hin thc tng trn ti xy dng WAP Google vi mong mun s dng in thoi di ng qua WAP tn dng kh nng to ln ca Google.
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KT LUN
WAP Cng ngh ra i a bn n gn vi Internet hn. By gi bn c th truy nhp vo kho thng tin khng l - Internet - m khng cn n my tnh. Bn c th truy nhp vo WWW bt c u ch vi mt chic in thoi. Bn c th thc hin cc giao dch, chi cc tr chi, thc hin mt vi trc nghim, v.v Ngi ta hy vng vo WAP nh vy trong thu s khai ca cng ngh ny, v WAP ang tng bc th hin c vai tr ca mnh. Cc nh cung cp bt u trin khai WAP trong mng ca mnh v thu c nhng ngun li khng nh t ni dung phong ph m WAP em li cho ngi dng di ng. Do thi gian nghin cu ngn ngi, n ny mi thc hin nhng nghin cu s khai v WAP, i qua nhng kin thc nn tng ca cng ngh tin tin ny, lt t phn no kin trc WAP theo kiu kin trc ca mt h thng m. WAP qua thi k thai nghn v ang tng bc trng thnh, chng t uy th vt tri ca mnh, ngay c so vi I-Mode, mt cng ngh tng ng trn GPRS ti Nht bn. Cui cng ti xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Ths. Phm Khc Ch ngi trc tip hng dn ti nghin cu v hon thnh n ny.
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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh thng tin di ng th h ba - Nguyn Phm Anh Dng. 2. Gio trnh thng tin di ng - Nguyn Phm Anh Dng. 3. Ti liu k thut kin trc giao thc ng dng khng dy Wireless Application
Protocol Architecture http://www.wapforum.com.

4. Wireless Application Protocol Affan Ahmed, Adeel Abbas. 5. WAP: A Beginners Guide Dale Bulbrook McGraw Hill Company. 6. Google Calculator's Feature -
http://www.google.com.vn/intl/vi/help/calculator.html
7. Google Sets Lab - http://labs.google.com/sets.
# 86

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA VIN THNG I

NGHIN CU GIAO THC WAP

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

CHNG II: TNG QUAN V GIAO THC WAP..............................................................30

CHNG III: CHNG GIAO THC WAP............................................................................38

M hnh tham chiu WAP.............................................................................................................43 WAE Lp ng dng (The Application Layer).........................................................................44

WSP Lp Phin (The Session Layer)........................................................................................53

WTP Lp Giao dch (The Transaction Layer)..........................................................................63

WTLS v WDP Lp Giao vn v Bo mt (Security and Transport Layer)..........................69

CHNG IV: TNG QUAN KIN TRC WAP PUSH........................................................75

Giao thc truy nhp Push..............................................................................................................78

Giao thc Push Over-the-Air Protocol.........................................................................................79 S xem xt bo mt........................................................................................................................80

CHNG V: SO SNH: WAP V I-MODE..........................................................................82

Tng lai ca cng ngh Internet khng dy...............................................................................83

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V MNG 3G

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

TACS GSM(900) NMT (900) GSM(1800)

IS-95 CDMA (J-STD-008) (1900)

IS-136 TDMA(800) AMPS IS-95 CDMA (800) Cdma2000 1x Cdma2000 Nx

Hnh 1.1: Tng kt qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng t th h 1 n th h 3.

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Cdm a20 g 0o iai n m t

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

HSCSD khng xng i BTS n MS 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Dch v gi v tuyn chung GPRS.

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Tc s liu tng cng pht trin GSM (EDGE)

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

i khi d u n ch v tin ti n u cui s li u RAN M ng bo hi u BS/ no deB B TS / RNC

Thng tin vtr

Chc nng PS Thi bchuy t n m ch ni h t Node k h p C S v PS t

Chc nng PS Thi bchuy t n m ch c ng

Hnh 1.6: Kin trc tng qut mt mng di ng kt hp c PS v CS

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

PSTN TE1 Sm MT1 NPDB Z E Rm TAm BTS

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

: Delivery Function: Chc nng chuyn.

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

Kin trc chung ca mt h thng cdma2000 nh hnh v di y.

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

PDSN Mng s li ring u cng cng

Hnh 1.8: Kin trc chung ca h thng cdma2000

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

IuB (ATM) Iu-CS

PCM Iu-PS MSC/VLR

Iur IuB NODE B

IuB Iu-PS (ATM)

RNC Ga SGSN Gb BSC G1 GGSN Internet

Mng truy nhp v tuy n (UTRAN)

Hnh 1.9: Kin trc chung ca mng 3G pht hnh R3

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

SS7 GW GMSC Server SS7

Nghin cu v giao thc WAP

IuB Node B RNC