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CHNG I TM HIU S LC V MNG IN THOI

Mac du cac he thong tong ai c nang cap rat nhieu t khi no c phat minh ra, cac chc nang c ban cua no nh: xac nh cac cuoc goi cua thue bao, ket noi thue bao goi vi thue bao b goi va sau o tien hanh phuc hoi trang thai ban au khi cuoc goi a hoan tat. He thong tong ai bang nhan cong tin hnh qu trnh nay bang tay, trong khi he thong tong ai t ong thc hin cc qu trnh nay bang ien t. Cu the cac cuoc goi c phat ra va hoan thanh thong qua tong ai gom cac bc sau: Nhan dang thue bao goi: Tong ai nhan dang thue bao goi khi thue bao nhac ong nghe va sau o thue bao c noi vi mach ieu khien. Tiep nhan so c quay: Khi a noi vi mach ieu khien, thue bao chu bat au nghe thay tn hieu mi quay so va sau o chuyen so ien thoai cua thue bao b goi en tong ai. Tong ai tiep nhan so thue bao nay. Ket noi cuoc goi: Khi thue bao b goi a c xac nh, tong ai se chon mot bo phan cac ng trung ke en tng i thue bao b goi va sau o chon mot ng ri trong so o e ket noi. Khi thue bao b goi nam trong tong ai noi hat th cuoc goi noi hat c s dung. Chuyeng thong tin ieu khien: Khi c noi vi tong ai cua thue bao b goi hay tong ai trung chuyen, ca hai tong ai trao oi vi nhau cac thong tin can thiet nh so thue bao b goi. Ket noi trung chuyen: Trong trng hp tong ai c ket noi en tong ai trung chuyen, hai bc tren c lap lai e noi vi tram cuoi va sau o thong tin c truyen i. Ket noi tram cuoi: Bo ieu khien trang thai may ban cua thue bao b goi c hoat ong (neu may ban) hay ket noi bang mot ng trung ke ri (neu may khong ban). Truyen tn hieu chuong: e ket noi cuoc goi, tn hieu chuong c truyen va ch cho en khi co tra li t thue bao b goi. Khi co tra li tn hieu chuong b ngat va thue bao goi c chuyen thanh trang thai ban. Tnh cc: Tong ai chu goi tnh toan gia tr cc theo khoang cach va theo thi gian. Truyen tn hieu bao ban: Khi tat ca cac ng trung ke eu a b
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I./ Cac chc nang cua he thong tong ai.

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chiem theo cac bc tren day hoac thue bao b goi ban th tn hieu bao ban c truyen en thue bao chu goi. Hoi phuc he thong: Trang thai nay c xac nh khi cuoc goi c ket thuc. Sau o tat ca cac ng noi eu c giai phong. Nh vay cac bc c ban cua he thong tong ai e x ly cac cuoc goi a c trnh bay. Trong he thong tong ai ien t nhieu dch vu mi c them vao cung vi cac chc nang tren. 1/ Phng thc lam viec gia cac tong ai va cac thue bao. Nhan dang thue bao goi nhac may: Tong ai nhan dang trang thai cua thue bao thong qua s bien oi tong tr mach vong cua ng day. Khi thue bao trang thai gac may (on hook) th tong tr cua ng day vo cung ln (h mach). Khi thue bao nhat may (off hook) ien tr mach vong khoang t 150 ohm en 1500 ohm(thng la 600 ohm ). Tong ai nhan biet c s thay oi nay thong qua bo cam bien trang thai ng day thue bao. Khi thue bao goi nhac may th tong ai se cap tnh hieu mi goi (dial tone) tren ng day den thue bao, ch khi nhan tn hieu nay th thue bao mi quay so, so co the quay di dang pulse hoac tone. Tong ai nhan cac so do thue bao gi en va kiem tra, neu so au nam trong tap the so thue bao cua tong ai th tong ai thc hien cuoc goi noi ai. Ngc lai th no thc hien cuoc goi lien ai thong qua trung ke gi toan bo phan nh v quay so tong ai co thue bao b goi. Neu so au la ma th chc nang ac biet cua tong ai se thc hien cac chc nang co the thc hien ca thue bao. Neu thue bao b goi khong thong thoai hoac cac ng day ket noi b ban th tong ai cap tn hieu bao ban (Busy Tone) ve cho thue bao goi. Ngc lai, tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho thue bao b goi va tn hieu hoi am chuong (Ring Back Tone) cho thue bao goi. Khi thue bao b goi nhac may th tong ai biet tn hieu nay va cat dong chuong kp thi e tranh h hao cho thue bao, ong thi cat Ring Back Tone en thue bao goi va ket noi thong thoai cho hai thue bao. Khi hai thue bao thong thoai, co mot thue bao gac may, tong ai cat thong thoai mot thue bao va cap am hieu Busy Tone cho thue bao con lai, giai toa cac thiet b phuc vu thong thoai. Khi thue bao con lai gac may , tong ai ngat Busy Tone va ket thuc chng trnh phuc vu thue bao

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2/ Cac tn hieu bao hieu cua tong ai.

Tn hieu chuong: Tn hieu chuong la tn hieu xoay chieu hnh sin thng co tan so 25Hz. Tuy nhien no co the cao en 60 Hz hoc thap hn 16 Hz. Dien ap cua tn hieu chuong cung thay oi t 40 VRMS en 130 VRMS , thng la 90 VRMS. Tn hieu chuong c gi en theo dang xung, thng la 1 giay co 2 giay khong (nh hnh ve). Hoac co the thay oi tuy tong ai.

Hnh 1: Tn hiu chung Tn hieu bao ban (Busy Tone): Tn hieu bao ban la tn hieu hnh sin tan so f = 425Hz 25Hz, bien o khoang 3V tren nen DC 4V ngat quang 0.5s co, 0,5s khong.

Hnh 2: Tn hiu bo bn Tn hieu hoi am chuong (Ring Back Tone): Tn hieu hoi am chuong la tn hieu hnh sin tan so f = 425Hz 25Hz, bien o khoang 3V tren nen DC 4V ngat quang 1s co, 2s khong.

Hnh 3: Tn hiu hi m chung

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Goi sai so: Neu ban goi nham mot s ma so o khong ton tai th ban s nhan c mot tn hieu xung co chu ky 1Hz va tan so t 200Hz en 400Hz. Hoac oi vi cac h thng in thoai ngay nay ban se nhan c cau thong bao bang li noi So may quy khach va goi khong co thc, mi quy khach kiem tra lai . Cac kieu quay so Khi ai cuoi phat hien trang thai off hook, xung mi quay so (Dial Tone) c phat en vong thue bao, ong thi tong ai nhan cac so cua thue bao c goi. Tn hieu bao co the dung xung (a quay so) hoac moi so co the ma hoa tan so bang cach s dung cac cap tan so hoac xung ac biet. Phng phap thch hp cho viec quay so bang phm bam la DTMF ( Dual Tone Multi Frequency ) quay bang xung tan so kep. Trong quay so bang a quay, mach vong c ong hoac ngat bi mot chuyen mach c noi vi mot c cau quay so. Cac chui xung ong thi c tao ra tng ng vi so c quay (hnh 4). Thi gian cua moi chu ky thng la 100ms, trong o 40% chu ky lam viec. Do ieu khien bang tay nen thi gian gia cac so lien tiep co the thay oi t 0.5 en 1 giay.

Hnh 4 : Xung quay s ca s 2 Khi s dung DTMF e quay so, cac so c ma hoa vi tng cap tan so rieng biet bc phat ong thi vi moi so. Moi cap tan so xuat hien toi thieu 40ms, thi gian toi thieu gia cac so la 60ms. Sai s cho php ca mi cap tan so la 1.5%. Quay so bang phm bam co the nhanh hn 10 ln so vi quay bang a quay.

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Hnh 5: Cc cp tn s DTMF

II/ Khai quat chung ve may ien thoai.

1./ Nguyen Ly Thong Tin ien Thoai Thong tin ien thoai la qua trnh tieng noi t ni xa en ni khac, bang dong ien qua may ien thoai. May ien thoai la thiet b au cuoi cua cac mang thong tin ien thoai. 2./ S o Mach ien Mach ien thoai n gian gom: - Ong noi. - Ong nghe. - Nguon ien. - ng day.

Hnh 6: M hnh in thoi n gin A / Nguyen ly hoat ong. Khi ta noi trc ong noi cua may ien thoai, dao ong am thanh cua tieng noi se tac ong vao mang rung cua ong noi lam cho ong noi thay oi, xuat hien dong ien bien oi tng ng trong mach. Dong ien bien oi nay c truyn qua ng day ti ong nghe cua may b goi, lam cho mang rung cua ong nghe dao ong, lp khong kh trc mang rung dao ong theo phat ra am thanh tac ong en tai ngi nghe va qua trnh truyen dan ngc lai cung tng t.

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B / Nhng yeu cau c ban ve may ien thoai. Khi thu phat tn hieu chuong th bo phan am thoai phai c tach ri ng ien, ten ng day ch co tn hieu chuong. Khi am thoai bo phan phat va tiep nhan tn hieu chuong phai c tach ri ng ien, ten ng day ch co dong ien thong thoai. May phai phat c ma so thue bao b goi ti tong ai va phai nhan c tn hieu chuong t tong ai a ti. trang thai ngh may thng trc ong nhan tn hieu chuong t tong ai. Ngoai ra may can phai che tao n gian, gon nhe, bn p, tien li cho ngi s dng C / Nhng chc nang c ban cua may ien thoai. 1. Chc nang bao hieu: bao cho ngi s dung biet tong ai a san sang tiep nhan hoac cha tiep nhan cuoc goi o bang cac am hieu (tone mi quay so, tone bao ban). 2. Phat ma so thue cua bao b goi vao tong ai bang cach thue bao chu goi an so hay quay so tren may ien thoai. 3. Thong bao cho ngi s dung ien thoai biet tnh trang dien bien viec ket noi mach bang cac am hieu chuong, am hieu bao ban. 4. Bao hieu chuong keu, tieng nhac, tieng ve keu, cho thue bao b goi biet la co ngi ang goi mnh. 5. Bien am thanh thanh tn hieu, phat sang may oi phng va chuyen tn hieu ien t may oi phng ti thanh am thanh. 6. Bao hieu cuoc goi ket thuc. 7. Kh tp am, chong tieng doi, tieng clck khi phat xung quay so. 8. T ng iu chnh am lng va phoi hp tr khang vi ng day. Ngoai ra con co mot so chc nang khac nh : He thong vi x l, h thng ghi am, man hnh va cac he thong h tr truyen dan lam cho may co rat nhieu dch vu rat tien li. Cu the nh: Chuyen tn hieu tnh cc en tong ai. Goi rut ngan a ch. Nh so thue bao ac biet. Goi lai

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CHNG II S LC V IU KHIN T XA V TNG THIT K

I./ Tam quan trong va ng dung cua ieu khien t xa.
at nc ta ang tren a phat trien va hoi nhap vi nen kinh te the gii. Mot at nc phat trien khong the da vao mot nganh nong nghiep, lam nghiep, ng nghiep ma can phai co mot nganh cong nghip phat trien manh. Mot nen cong nghip phat trien manh luon i oi vi cac thiet b may moc tinh vi hn, phc tap hn. Vi nen cong nghiep phat trien nh the, ieu khien t xa ong vai tro quan trong trong cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa hien ai hoa at nc. Trong cong nghiep, tai cac lo phan ng, cac nha may, hay tai nhng ni co mc o nguy hiem cao ma con ngi khong the tiep can e ieu khien c. Ta phai can en bo ieu khien t xa e ieu khien. Trong cong cuoc nghien cu vu tru, ieu khien t xa c s dung trong cac phi thuyen khong ngi lai, cac tau do tham khong gian. ieu khien t xa khong nhng phuc vu cho cong nghiep, quan s, hay nghien cu khoa hoc, ma no con gop mot phan khong nho vao phuc vu cho nhu cau cuoc song hang ngay cua chung ta. Trong cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa hien ai hoa at nc. Con ngi phai dnh rt nhiu thi gian cho cng vic, luon c quan, x nghiep, hay tai cong trng nen t co thi gian nha. V vay ieu khien t xa giup chung ta khong can phai ve nha ma cung co the ieu ong ngt cac thiet b, hoac t ong bao cho ta biet khi nha co s co. Da vao cac ng dung thc tin cua ieu khien t xa ta co the chia lam hai dang. ieu khien t xa bang vo tuyen va ieu khien t xa bang hu tuyen.

II./ Cac dang ieu khien t xa. 1./ ieu khien t xa bang vo tuyen.

Ta co the ieu khin t xa bang tia sang hong ngoai, hay song sieu am. Moi trng truyen la khong kh.Vi tia hong ngoai ta ch co the ieu khien cac thiet b khoang cach gan. V vy n c ng dng nhieu cho cac thiet b dan dung.

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2./ ieu khien t xa bang hu tuyen.

Vi dang ieu khien nay ta li dung vao ng truyen cua mng ien thoai e ieu khien cac thiet b t xa. Co the s dung day song hanh, cap ong truc, cap quang e truyen tai tn hieu. Loai day nay chong am, chong c nhiu ien t, Tuy nhien khi s dung day nay tan so cao se b suy hao. S suy hao nay phu thuoc vao chieu dai va ng knh day dan.

a./ Day song hanh.

b./ Cap ong truc.

Cap ong truc co kha nang chong nhiu cao. Tuy nhien cap ong truc th kho ghep noi, khi ni phat va ni thu qua xa se gay mat can bang ve mass, lam sinh ra dong ien tren li ngoai, se tac ong en lam nhieu.

c./ Cap quang.

Cap quang co bang thong rat rong (T vai chuc MHz en vai GHz). Cap quang cho phep truyen thong tin vi toc o cao, o suy hao thap, khong b anh hng cua nhiu trng ien t, t thay oi ac tnh theo nhiet o, cach ien hoan toan gia phan thu va phan phat. III/ K thut gi s bng xung lng m a tn (DUAL TONE MULTIFREQUENCY
DTMF ).

1. He thong DTMF. He thong DTMF ang phat trien va a tr thanh pho bien trong he thong ien thoai hien ai hien nay. He thong nay con goi la he thong Touch-Tone, he thong c hnh thanh vao nam 1960 nhng mai en nam 1970 mi c phat trien rong rai. He thong DTMF gi ay tr thanh chuan thay the cho he thong xung kieu cu. DTMF (dual tone multi frequency) la tong hp cua hai am thanh. Nhng iem ac biet cua hai am nay la khong cung am ngha la: tan so cua hai am thanh nay khong co cung c so chung vi am thanh kia. V du nh 750 va 500 th co cung c so chung la 250 (750=250 x 3, 500= 250 x 2) v vay 750 va 500 la hai thanh cung am khong the ket hp thanh tn hieu DTMF. Li iem cua viec s dung tn hieu DTMF trong ien thoai la chong c nhieu tn hieu do o tong ai co the biet chnh xac c phm nao a c nhan. Ngoai ra no con giup cho ngi ta s dung ien thoai thuan tien hn. Ngay nay hau het cac he thong ien thoai eu s dung tn hieu DTMF. Ban phm chuan
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cua loai ien thoai nay co dang ma tran ch nhat gom co 3 cot va 4 hang tao nen tong cong la 12 phm nhan: 10 phm cho ch so (0-9), hai phm ac biet la * va # . Moi mot hang tren ban phm c gan cho mot tan so tone thap, moi cot c gan cho tan so tone cao. Moi mot phm se co mot tn hieu DTMF rieng ma c tong hp bi hai tan so tng ng vi hang va cot ma phm o ang ng. Nhng tan so nay a c chon la rat can than.

Hnh 7: Bn phm chun 12 phm Ngay nay e tang kha nang s dung cua ien thoai ngi ta phat trien them mot cot na cho ban phm ien thoai chuan tao nen ban phm ma tran 4x4 nh hnh.

Hnh 8: Bn phm chun 16 phm

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2. Tiep nhan am hieu DTMF. Tan so DTMF c chon ky e tong ai co lan vi nhng am hieu khac co the xuat hien tren ng day. Bo thu co nhng mach loc rat tot ch e tiep nhan cac tan so DTMF va co nhng mach o thi gian e am bao am hieu xuat hien trong thi gian t nhat la 50ms trc khi nhan lai am hieu DTMF. Sau khi c noi thong en ngi goi, bo thu a c tach ra khoi ng day va thue bao co the dung bang nut an e chnh tn hieu DTMF en ngi b goi nh la mach truyen a so lieu toc o thap. 3. So sanh thi gian gi so. Gi so bang lng am a tan DTMF nhanh hn cach quay so rat nhieu ve mat nguyen taccung nh tren thc te. Vi DTMF thi gian nhan c mot s la 50ms va thi gian ngh gia hai so la 50ms, tong cong la 100ms cho moi so. Gia s gi i 10 so: Vi DTMF mat: 100 ms x 10 = 1s. Vi a quay so : 5x10x100ms + 9x700ms = 11,3 s. Ngoai u iem s dung de dang, nhe, DTMF giam thi gian chiem dung bo thu so rat nhieu, giam bi so lng bo thu so dan ti giam gia thanh tong ai. 4. Yeu cau oi vi bo phat am hieu DTMF. e ket noi tot oi vi ng day la: - ien ap nguon nuoi mot chieu (DC) va mach vong phai c gi mc on nh du may xa hay gan tong ai. - Am hieu phai co mc ien on nh. - Bo phat am hieu DTMF phai hoa hp tong tr tot oi vi ng day. Van e nguon nuoi at ra cho hai trng hp ac biet: ng day xa va ng day gan. ng day xa lam giam dong va ien ap en may e nuoi bo tao dao ong, do o may nay can hoat ong ien ap thap en 3V. oi vi ng day gan, may phai co kha nang nuot bi ien ap va dong neu tong ai khong co kha nang trang b kha nang nay.

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IV./ Y tng thiet ke va nguyen ly hoat ong. Nguyn tc ca iu khin thit b l: ty vo m c qui nh ngi iu khin s nhn s tng ng vi mc ch iu khin ca mnh. Mch iu khin thit b s da vo nhng s ca tng i gi v gii m t dng DTMF sang dng nh phn nh IC thu DTMF MT8870, s di dng nh phn t IC MT8870 a v s c so snh vi s lu sn trong vi iu khin v xut ra lnh iu khin c qui nh c th vi tng s.
Ngi iu khin

Tong i

IC MT8870

Vi x l

Thit b

DTMF

DTMF

S nh phn

Lnh iu khin

Nguyn tc ca bo ng l: khi nhn tn hiu bo ng t cm bin bn ngoi, vi iu khin s t ng xut ra s ( c lu t trc) di dng nh phn qua IC pht DTMF MT8880 (IC MT8880 lm nhim v chuyn i s t dng nh phn sang cp tn s DTMF v xut ln ng truyn in thoi a ti tng i )
Cm bin

Vi x l

IC MT8880

Tong i

in thoi Ch nh

Tn hiu bo ng

S nh phn

DTMF

DTMF

Da vao ng truyen cua mang ien thoai, ta thiet ke h thng ieu khien t xa qua ng day ien thoai. He thong nay thiet ke e ieu khien ong ngat cac thiet b t xa vi s giup cua vi ieu khien 89c51. He thong c thiet ke tren mo hnh ong ngat 4 thiet b va phan hoi ket qu bang giong noi c lu tr trong chip ISD 1420. Mach ieu khien t xa c mac song vi ng day thoai. Khi co cuoc goi vao so thue bao. Sau nhng hoi chuong nhat nh (So lan o chuong do ta at). Bo x ly trung tam kch hoat mach tao tai gia hoat ong e ket noi thue bao. Sau khi hai thue bao a ket noi. Mach ieu khien se phat ra cau thong bao: nhp password . Khi o ngi ieu khien se nhap password (password y l 3, 4, 5). Neu nhap ung, mach s pht ra cu thng bo ng nhp thnh cng, nhn phm chc nng. Neu nhap sai password no th mach se phat ra thong bao: sai, nhp li. Lien tiep nhap sai ba lan th mach t ong ieu khien ket thuc va ngat tai gia, tr ve trang thai ban au kim tra bo ng trm,
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bo ng chy v kim tra chung. Khi nhap ung mat ma, ngi ieu khien co the tat thit b, m thit b, tt ht thit b hoc kim tra trng thi cac thiet b khi iu khin xong c th nhn phm thot tr li mch v trng thi ban u. Neu ngi ieu khien muon kiem tra tat ca cac trang thai cua thiet b trc khi ieu khien th nhan so 9 ( So 9 c quy nh la ma kiem tra trang thai tat ca cac thiet b ). Sau khi nhan so 9 ngi ieu khien se c nghe thong bao ve trang thai cua thiet b. V d: khi thit b 1 m, thit b 2 tt, thit b 3 m, thit b 4 tt, mch s pht ra thng bo ln lt nh sau: thit b m, thit b tt, thit b m, thit b tt. Bay gi ngi ieu khien co the tat hay m thiet b. Neu muon tat thiet b th bam phm 6 (S 6 c quy nh la m tat thiet b). Neu muon bat thiet b th bam phm 7 (S 7 c quy nh l m m thiet b). Nu mun tt ht nhn phm 8 ( S 8 c qui nh l m tt ht thit b) . Con muon tat hoac m thiet b nao th tuy thuoc vao ma thiet b. Trong he thong nay cac so c quy nh cho cac thiet b nh sau: So 1 tng ng cho thiet b 1 So 2 tng ng cho thiet b 2 So 3 tng ng cho thiet b 3 So 4 tng ng cho thiet b 4 Trong khi iu khin, ngi iu khin chn phm tt hoc phm m nhng li khng nhp ng m ca tng thit b th sau khi nhp sai 3 ln mch s t ng thot. Khi ieu khien xong, muon kiem tra lai trang thai cac thiet b th bam lai ma so 9. Sau khi ieu khien xong, mch s t ng kim tra xem c iu khin tip hay khng v sau khong thi gian nht nh (khong 10s) mch s t ng ngt ti gi, quay v trng thi ban u v kim tra c tn hiu bo ng hay tn hiu chung khng, ngi iu khin cng c th nhn phm 5 thot ngay v tr li mch v trng thi ban u.

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CHNG III TM HIU V CC IC S DNG TRONG TI

IC AT89C51
I. GII THIEU PHAN CNG HO MCS 51(89C51). 1. Gii thieu IC ho MCS- 51. La ho IC vi ieu khien do hang Intel san xuat. Cac IC tieu bieu cho ho la 8031va 8051,8951... cac san pham ho MCS-51 thch hp cho nhng ng dung ieu khien. Cac ac iem IC 8951 c tom tat nh sau: 4KB Rom noi, co the lap trnh lai nhanh va co the chu c hn 1000 chu k ghi/xoa. Tan so hoat ong t: 0Hz en 24 MHz. 2 Bo nh thi 16 bit. 128byte ram noi. 4 Port xuat/nhap I/O 8 bit. Giao tiep noi tiep. 64 KB vung nh ma ngoai. 64 KB vung nh d lieu ngoai. X ly Boolean (hoat ong tren bit n). 210 v tr nh co the nh v bit. 4 s cho hoat ong nhan hoac chia.

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2.S o khoi cua AT89C51

Hnh 9: S khi ca AT89c51

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II. KHAO SAT S O CHAN 89C51 CHC NANG CUA TNG CHAN. 1. S o chan 89C51.

Hnh 10: S chn ca 89c51 2. Chc nang cua cac chan 8951. Port 0: la port co 2 chc nang cac chan 32 > 39 cua IC 8951.Trong cac thiet ke c nho khong dung bo nh m rong no co chc nang nh cac ng I/O. oi vi cac thiet ke c ln co bo nh m rong, no c ket hp gia bus a ch va bus d lieu. Port 1: la port I/O tren cac chan 1-8. Cac chan c ky hieu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, co the dung cho giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai neu can. Port 2: la 1 port co tac dung kep tren cac chan 21- 28 c dung nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac la byte cao cua bus a ch oi vi cac thiet b dung bo nh m rong. Port 3:la port co tac dung kep tren cac chan 10-17. Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang.

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 n tt nghip Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi Ten RXD TXD INT0\ INT1\ T0 T1 WR\ RD\ Chc nang chuyen oi Ngo vao d lieu noi tiep. Ngo xuat d lieu noi tiep. Ngo vao ngat cng th 0. Ngo vao ngat cng th 1. Ngo vao cua TIMER/COUNTER th 0. Ngo vao cua TIMER/COUNTER th 1. Tn hieu ghi d lieu len bo nh ngoai. Tn hieu oc bo nh d lieu ngoai.

Hnh 11: Chc nng tng chn port 3 3. Cac ngo tn hieu ieu khien . Ngo tn hieu PSEN (Program store enable) : la tn hieu ngo ra chan 29 co tac dung cho phep oc bo nh chng trnh m rong thng c noi en chan 0E\ (output enable) cua Eprom cho phep oc cac byte ma lenh. Ngo tn hieu ieu khien ALE (Address Latch Enable): Tn hieu ra ALE chan th 30 dung lam tn hieu ieu khien e giai a hp cac ng a ch va d lieu khi ket noi chung vi IC chot. Tn hieu ra chan ALE la mot xung. Cac xung tn hieu ALE co toc o bang 1/6 lan tan so dao ong tren chip va co the c dung lam tn hieu clock cho cac phan khac cua he thong. Ngo tn hieu EA\(External Access) : Tn hieu vao EA\ chan 31 thng c len mc 1 hoac mc 0. Neu mc 1, 8951 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap 8 Kbyte. Neu mc 0, 8951 se thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh m rong. Chan EA\ c lay lam chan cap nguon 21V khi lap trnh cho Eprom trong 8951. Ngo tn hieu RST (Reset) : Ngo vao RST chan 9 la ngo vao Reset cua 8951. Khi ngo vao tn hieu nay a len cao t nhat la 2 chu ky may, cac thanh ghi ben trong c nap nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. Khi cap ien mach t ong Reset. Cac ngo vao bo dao ong X1,X2 : Bo dao ong c tch hp ben trong 8951 khi s dung 8951 ngi thiet ke ch can ket noi them thach anh va cac tu. Tan so thach anh thng s dung cho 8951 la 12Mhz Trang 20

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 n tt nghip

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III. CAU TRUC BEN TRONG VI IEU KHIEN. 1. To chc bo nh. FF ONCHIP Memory FFFF CODE Memory FFFF DATA Memory Enable via RD & WR

Enable via PSEN 00 0000 0000

Hnh 12: Bng tm tt cc vng nh 89c51

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Ban o bo nh Data tren Chip nh sau:

Hnh 13: Tm tt b nh d liu trn chip

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2. RAM va Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet. Bo nh trong 8951 bao gom EPROM va RAM. RAM trong 8951 bao gom nhieu thanh phan: phan lu tr a dung, phan lu tr a ch hoa tng bit, cac bank thanh ghi va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet. IC 8951 co bo nh theo cau truc Harvard: co nhng vung bo nh rieng biet cho chng trnh va d lieu. Chng trnh va d lieu co the cha ben trong 8951 nhng 8951 van co the ket noi vi 64K byte bo nh chng trnh va 64K byte d lieu. Hai ac tnh can chu y la: Cac thanh ghi va cac port xuat nhap a c nh v (xac nh) trong bo nh va co the truy xuat trc tiep. Ngan xep ben trong Ram noi nho hn so vi Ram ngoai. A. RAM Ben trong 8951 c phan chia nh sau: Cac bank thanh ghi co a ch t 00H en 1FH. RAM a ch hoa tng bit co a ch t 20H en 2FH. RAM a dung t 30H en FFH. Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet t 80H en FFH. RAM a dung: Ta thay 80 byte a dung chiem cac a ch t 30H en 7FH, 32 byte di t 00H en 1FH cung co the dung vi muc ch tng t. Moi a ch trong vung RAM a dung eu co the truy xuat t do dung kieu a ch trc tiep hoac gian tiep. RAM co the truy xuat tng bit: 8951 cha 210 bit c a ch hoa, trong o co 128 bit co cha cac byte co cha cac a ch t 20F en 2FH va cac bit con lai cha trong nhom thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet. Y tng truy xuat tng bit bang phan mem la cac ac tnh manh cua Microcontroller x ly chung. Cac bt co the c at, xoa, AND, OR, , vi 1 lenh n. a so cac Microcontroller x ly oi hoi mot chuoi lenh oc sa- ghi e at c muc ch tng t. Ngoai ra cac port cung co the truy xuat c tng bit. 128 bit truy xuat tng bit nay cung co the truy xuat nh cac byte hoac nh cac bit phu thuoc vao lenh c dung.

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B.Cac bank thanh ghi. 32 byte thap cua bo nh noi c danh cho cac bank thanh ghi. Bo lenh 8951 ho tr 8 thanh ghi co ten la R0 en R7 va theo mac nh sau khi reset he thong, cac thanh ghi nay co cac a ch t 00H en 07H. Cac lenh dung cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 se ngan hn va nhanh hn so vi cac lenh co chc nang tng ng dung kieu a ch trc tiep. Cac d lieu c dung thng xuyen nen dung mot trong cac thanh ghi nay. Do co 4 bank thanh ghi nen tai mot thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi c truy xuat bi cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 e chuyen oi viec truy xuat cac bank thanh ghi ta phai thay oi cac bit chon bank trong thanh ghi trang thai. C. Cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet. Cac thanh ghi noi cua 8951 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo lenh. Cac thanh ghi trong 8951 c nh dang nh mot phan cua RAM tren chip v vay moi thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh ghi bo em chng trnh va thanh ghi lenh v cac thanh ghi nay hiem khi b tac ong trc tiep). Cung nh R0 en R7, 8951 co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet (SFR: Special Function Register) vung tren cua RAM noi t a ch 80H en FFH. Chu y: Tat ca 128 a ch t 80H en FFH khong c nh ngha, ch co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet c nh ngha san cac a ch. Ngoai tr thanh ghi A co the c truy xuat ngam nh a noi, a so cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet SFR co the a ch hoa tng bit hoac byte. IV./ TP LNH CA 89C51 1./ Nhm lnh x l s hc: ADD A,Rn (1byte, 1 chu ky may) : cong noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep 1 byte vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM cha tai a ch c khai bao trong Ri vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,#data (2,1):Cong d lieu tc thi vao A. ADD A,Rn (1,1): Cong thanh ghi va c nh vao A. ADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep byte d lieu va c nh vao A. ADDC A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM va c nh vao A. ADDC A,#data (2,1): Cong d lieu tc thi va c nh vao A.
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 n tt nghip SUBB A,Rn

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

(1,1): Tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi Rn va c nh. SUBB A,data (2,1): Tr trc tiep A cho mot so va c nh. SUBB A,@Ri (1,1): Tr gian tiep A cho mot so va c nh. SUBB A,#data (2,1): Tr noi dung A cho mot so tc thi va c nh. INC A (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi A len 1. INC Rn (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi Rn len 1. INC data (2,1): Tang d lieu trc tiep len 1. INC @Ri (1,1): Tang gian tiep noi dung vung RAM len 1. DEC A (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi A xuong 1. DEC Rn (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi Rn xuong 1. DEC data (2,1): Giam d lieu trc tiep xuong 1 DEC @Ri (1,1): Giam gian tiep noi dung vung RAM xuong 1 INC DPTR (1,2): Tang noi dng con tro d lieu len 1. MUL AB (1,4): Nhan noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi B. DIV AB (1,4): Chia noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi B. DA A (1,1,): hieu chnh thap phan thanh ghi A. 2./ Nhm lnh logic: ANL A,Rn (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn. ANL A,data (2,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu trc tiep. ANL A,@Ri (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu gian tiep trong RAM. ANL A,#data (2,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi vi d lieu tc thi. ANL data,A (2,1): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A. ANL data,#data (3,2): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A mot d lieu tc thi. ANL C,bit (2,2): AND c nh vi 1 bit trc tiep. ANL C,/bit (2,2): AND c nh vi bu 1 bit trc tiep. ORL A,Rn (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn. ORL A,data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu trc tiep. ORL A,@Ri (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep. ORL A,#data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu tc thi. ORL data,A (2,1): OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A. ORL data,#data (3,1) :OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi. ORL C,bit (2,2): OR c nh vi mot bit trc tiep.
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ORL C,/bit (2,2): OR c nh vi bu cua mot bit trc tiep. XRL A,Rn (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn. XRL A,data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu trc tiep. XRL A,@Ri (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep. XRL A,#data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu tc thi. XRL data,A (2,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A. XRL dara,#data (3,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi. SETB C (1,1): at c nh. SETB bit (2,1): at mot bit trc tiep. CLR A (1,1): Xoa thanh ghi A. CLR C (1,1): Xoa c nh. CPL A (1,1): Bu noi dung thanh ghi A. CPL C (1,1): Bu c nh. CPL bit (2,1): Bu mot bit trc tiep. RL A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A. RLC A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. RR A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A. RRC A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. SWAP (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble (1/2byte). 3./ Nhm lnh di chuyn d liu: MOV A,Rn (1,1):Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,@Ri (1,1): Chuyen d lieu gian tiep vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi A. MOV Rn,data (2,2): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi Rn. MOV Rn,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi Rn. MOV data,A (2,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,Rn (2,2): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,data (3,2): Chuyen mot d lieu trc tiep vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,@Ri (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu gian tiep vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV data,#data (3,2): Chuyen mot d lieu tc thi vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV @Ri,A (1,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV @Ri,data (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu trc tiep vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV @Ri,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao d lieu gian tiep. MOV DPTR,#data(3,2): Chuyen mot hang 16 bit vao thanh ghi con tro d lieu.
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MOV C,bit (2,1): Chuyen mot bit trc tiep vao c nh. MOV bit,C (2,2): Chuyen c nh vao mot bit trc tiep. MOV A,@A+DPTR (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la @A+DPRT vao thanh ghi A. MOVC A,@A+PC (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la @A+PC vao thanh ghi A. MOVX A,@Ri (1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A. MOVX A,@DPTR(1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (16 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A. MOVX @Ri,A (1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch). MOVX @DPTR,A(1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ben ngoai (16 bit a ch). PUSH data (2,2): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va tang SP. POP data (2,2): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va giam SP. XCH A,Rn (1,1): Trao oi d lieu gia thanh ghi Rn v2 thanh ghi A. XCH A,data (2,1): Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu trc tiep. XCH A,@Ri (1,1): Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu gian tiep. XCHD A,@R (1,1): Trao oi gia nibble thap (LSN) cua thanh ghi A va LSN cua d lieu gian tiep. 4./ Nhm lnh iu khin r nhnh: ACALL addr11 (2,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch tuyet oi. LCALL addr16 (3,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch dai. RET (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi chng trnh con. RET1 (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi ngat. AJMP addr11 (2,2): Nhay tuyet oi. LJMP addr16 (3,2): Nhay dai. SJMP rel (2,2):Nhay ngan. JMP @A+DPTR (1,2): Nhay gian tiep t con tro d lieu. JZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A=0. JNZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A khong bang 0. JC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh c at. JNC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh khong c at. JB bit,rel (3,2): Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at. JNB bit,rel (3,2):Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep khong c at. JBC bit,rel (3,2): Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at , roi xoa bit. CJNE A,data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu trc tiep vi A va nhay neu khong bang.
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CJNE A,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi A va nhay neu khong bang. CJNE Rn,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn va nhay neu khong bang. CJNE @Ri,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi d lieu gian tiep va nhay neu khong bang. DJNZ Rn,rel (2,2): Gian thanh ghi Rn va nhay neu khong bang. DJNZ data,rel (3,2): Giam d lieu trc tiep va nhay neu khong bang.

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IC MT8870
MT8870 l mt linh kin ISO CMOS bao gm cc mch lc v gii m cho s ghi nhn mt cp tone (tn s chun DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequency) vi u ra l m 4 bit nh phn. N thch hp cho cc ng dng cc thit b iu khin t xa, h thng in thoi nhn s, tng i ni b PABX, h thng th tn dng, my tnh c nhn

Hnh 14: S chn MT8870 - PIN 1(IN+) : Non Investing op-amp, ng vo khng o. - PIN 2 (IN-) : Investing op-amp, ng vo o. - PIN 3 (GS) : Gain Select ,gip truy xut ng ra ca b khuch i vi sai u cui qua in tr hi tip . - PIN 4 (Vref) : Reference Voltage (ng ra) thng thng bng VDD/2. - PIN 5 (INH) : Inhibit (ng vo) khi chn ny mc logic cao th khng nhn dng c k t A, B, C ng ra (undelected). - PIN 6 (PWDN) : Power down (ng vo), tc ng mc cao. Khi chn ny tc ng th s cm mch dao ng v IC 8870 hat ng . - PIN 7 (OSC 1) : Clock g vo MHz . - PIN 8 (OSC 2) : Clock ng ra . - Ni hai chn 7 v chn 8 vi thch anh 3,58 MHz to mt mch dao ng ni . - PIN 9 (Vss) : in p mass. - PIN 10 (TOE) : Three Stage Output Enable (ng vo), ng ra Q1 Q4 hot ng khi TOE mc cao. - PIN 11 14 : t Q1 Q4 ng ra, khi TOE mc cao cc chn ny cung cp m tng ng vi cc cp tone d tm c (theo bng chc nng), khi TOE mc thp d liu ng ra trng thi tr khng cao .
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- PIN 15 (STD) : Delayed Steering (ng ra), mc cao khi gp tn s tone dc ghi nhn v g ra cht thch hp, tr v mc thp khi in p trn ST/ GT ng hn in p ngng VTST . - PIN 16 (EST) : Early Steering (ng ra), chn ny ln mc [1] khi b thut ton nhn c cp tone v tr v mc [0] khi mt tone . - PIN 17 (ST/GT) : Steering Input /Guard tune output (ng ra), khi in p VC ln hn VTST th ST s iu khin d tm cp tone v cht ng ra . - PIN 18 (VDD) : in p cung cp, thng l + 5V. S khi

Hnh 15: S khi MT8870

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Chc nng IC thu tone MT8870 bao gm mt b thu DTMF cht lng cao (km b khuch i ) v mt b to DTMF gip cho vic tng hp ng ngt tone c chnh xc Cu hnh ng vo Thit k u vo ca MT8870 cung cp mt b khuch i OPAMP ng vo vi sai cng nh mt ng vo VREF iu chnh thin p cho u vo ti VDD/2. Chn GS gip ni ng ra b khuch i vi ng vo qua mt in tr ngai iu chnh li Khi Dial tone filter Khi ny s tch tn hiu tone thnh nhm tn s thp v nhm tn s cao. Thc hin vic ny nh 2 b lc thng qua bc 6. Mt t 697 HZ n 941 HZ v mt t 1209 HZ n 1633 HZ. C hai nhm tn hiu ny c bin i thnh xung vung bi b d Zero Crossing Khi High group filter v Low group filter - High group filter l b lc 6 lc nhm tn s cao c bng thng t 697 HZ n 941 HZ. - Low group filter l b lc 6 lc nhm tn s thp c bng thng t 1209 HZ n 1633HZ . - Ngai ra, c b Zero crossing detectors c nhim v d mc khng bin i tn hiu thnh xung vung. Khi Digital detection argorethm Khi ny l b thut tan dng k thut s xc nh tn s ca cc tone n v kim tra chng tng ng vi tn s chun DTMF. Nh gii thut ly trung bnh phc tp (complex averaging) gip lai tr cc tone gi to thnh do ting ni trong khi vn bo m mt khang bin ng cho tone thc do b lch. Khi b kim tra nhn dng c hai tone ng th u ra EST (Early Steering) s ln mc active (tc ng ). Lc khng nhn c tn hiu tone th ng ra EST s mc Inactive (khng tc ng ). Mch Steering

Hnh 16: Mch Steering

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Trc khi thu nhn mt cp tone gii m, b thu phi kim tra xem thi hng ca tn hiu c ng khng. Vic kim tra ny c thc hin bi mt b RC mc ngai. Khi chn EST ln high (mc logic cao ) lm cho Vc tng ln khi t x. Khi m chn Est vn cn high trong mt thi an hp l th Vc tin mc ngng VTST ca logic Steering nhn mt cp tone . in th VC chnh l in th ng vo ST/GT, do ng vo ST/GT c in th ln hn mc ngng VTST , iu ny lm cho cp tone c ghi nhn v 4 bit d liu tng ng c a vo ng ra ca b cht . Lc chn EST cng vi chn ST/GT vn tip tc mc cao. Cui cng sau mt thi gian tr ngn cho php vic cht d liu thc hin xong th chn STD ca mch Steering ln mc logic cao bo hiu rng cp tone c ghi nhn . D liu thu c s i ra 2 chiu (data bus) khi mch Steering c c. Mch Steering li hat ng nhng theo chiu ngc li kim tra khong dng gia hai s quay. V vy b thu va b qua cc tn hiu qu ngn khng hp l li va chp nhn cc khang ngt qu nh khng th coi dng gia cc s. Chc nng ny, cng nh kh nng chn thi hng steering bng mch ngai cho php ngi thit k iu chnh hat ng cho ph hp vi cc i hi khc nhau ca ng dng . Mch clock DTMF Mch clock bn trong c s dng c tn s cng hng l 3,579545 MHZ . Mt nhm IC MT8870 c th c ni vi nhau dng chung mt dao ng thch anh . Bng gii m cc tn hiu DTMF

Hnh 17: Bng gii m cc tn hiu DTMF

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IC MT8880
MT8880 co kha nang thu, phat tn hieu DTMF, u iem noi bat so vi cac loai IC khac la: co the lap trnh giao tiep vi uP, che o hoat ong phong phu , Dual Tone, Single Tone, Call Progress Hnh sau la s o chan linh kien :

Hnh 18: S chn MT8880 Chan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14-17 18 19 20 Ten IN+ INGS VRef VSS OSC1 OSC2 TONE R/W /CS RS0 2 IRQ/CP D0-D3 Est St/Gt VCC Chc nang Ngo vao khong ao Ngo vao ao Gain Select Reference Voltage output GND Oscillator input Oscillator output Tone DTMF out put Read/Write Chip Select Register Select input System Clock input Interrupt Request Data bus Early Steering ouput Steering input/ Guard Time output Power Hnh 19: M t chn MT8880 Trang 33

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Hnh 19b: s khi MT8880 Nha san xuat cho phep giao tiep MT8880 vi VXL e thu phat tn hieu DTMF. Co 5 thanh ghi ben trong MT8880, c chia thanh 3 nhom, bao gom : nhom thu phat d lieu, nhom ieu khien va cuoi cung la thanh ghi trang thai . Thanh ghi d lieu thu (Receive Data Register ) cha ma nh phan cua cap tone va thu c va la thanh ghi ch oc. Thanh ghi d lieu phat (Transmit Data Register), ch ghi, VXL a ma nh phan cua cap tone can phat len thanh ghi nay. Viec thu phat tone, nh che o hoat ong c thiet lap bi 2 thanh ghi ieu khien CRA & CRB, ac biet, 2 thanh ghi nay co cung a ch truy cap, viec xac nh thanh ghi nao ang c dung c set bi bit th 3 (RSEL) cua CRA. Bang sau ch ra a ch truy cap cac thanh ghi cua MT8880:

Hnh 20: a ch truy cp thanh ghi

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Cac mode hoat ong cua MT8880 c quy nh bi cac bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRA & CRB . Thanh ghi CRA: Bit 0 1 2 3 Ten Tone Out Mode Control Interrupt Enable Register Select Chc nang 0 :Ngng phat tone ; 1 :Phat tone

0 :Thu va phat DTMF 1 :Phat DTMF (chieu dai bursts 104 ms) Thu nhan tone bao hieu x ly cuoc goi 0 :Kiem tra viec thu DTMF 1 :Cho phep ngat tren chan 13 0 :Lan ghi ke tiep se la thanh ghi CRA 1 :Lan ghi ke tiep se la thanh ghi CRB Hnh 21: Thanh ghi CRA

Thanh ghi CRB: Bit 0 1 2 3 Ten Burst Test Single/Dual Colum/Row Chc nang 0 :Bursts mode (52 ms hoac 104 ms) 1 :Phat DTMF lien tuc 0 :Hoat ong bnh thng 1 :Test timing bit tren chan 13 0 :Phat cap tone 1 :Phat n tone , hang hay cot (tuy thuoc bit 3) 0 :Phat n tone cho hang 1 :Phat n tone cho cot Hnh 22: Thanh ghi CRB

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Thanh ghi trang thai : Bit 0 Ten Set C Trang Thai Xoa C Trang Thai Ngat xay ra , bit 1 va bit Cam ngat , c xoa sau IRQ 0 c set khi oc thanh ghi trang thai . Thanh ghi Thi gian pause cham c xoa sau khi oc d lieu dt, thanh ghi d lieu thanh ghi trang thai , hoac phat rong phat san sang cho tone khong ang che o burst (burst) ke tiep . Thanh ghi D lieu hien dien tren c xoa sau khi oc d lieu thu thanh ghi d lieu thu . thanh ghi trang thai . a ay . /Delay Set khi cha nhan nhan Xoa khi nhan dang c /Steering c tn hieu DTMF tn hieu DTMF Hnh 23: Thanh ghi trng thi

2 3

QUA TRNH GHI VA OC CAC THANH GHI : Bat au vi CS=1 , qua trnh ghi d lieu trong thanh ghi thong qua cac bc sau : 1. Chuyen bus d lieu (cua VXL) che o xuat . 2. a d lieu ra bus 3. Thiet lap cho bit RS0, RS0=1 :ghi d lieu , = 0 ghi lenh 4. Xoa bit R/W , thong bao cho viec ghi d lieu . 5. Xoa bit CS , tch cc chip . 6. Set bit CS , ngng qua trnh ghi d lieu , ngng chon chip . Tng t cho qua trnh oc thanh ghi , bat au vi CS=1 : 1. Chuyen bus d lieu sang che o nhap . 2. Set bit R/W , thong bao cho viec oc d lieu 3. Thiet lap bit RS0 , RS0=1 : oc d lieu , =0 : oc trang thai . 4. Xoa bit CS, tch cc MT8880 5. oc d lieu tren bus 6. Set bit CS , ngng qua trnh oc d lieu , ngng chon chip .

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Bng m ha v gii m DTMF

Hnh 24: Bng m ha v gii m DTMF ca MT8880

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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IC ISD1420

Hnh 25: s chn ISD 1420 M t chc nng cc chn ca ISD 1420 Chan 1 10 7, 8, 11, 22 12 , 13 14 , 15 16 , 28 17 ,18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 Ten A0 A9 NC Vssd - vssa SP+/SPVcca Vccd MIC MIC REF AGC ANA IN ANA OUT PLAYL PLAYE REDLED XCLK REC Mo ta Cac chan a ch bo nh tam thi Khng ni Ngo vao noi mass Ngo ra phat tieng noi Nguon Ngo vao nhap tieng noi Chan t ong ieu khien o li Ngo vao analog Ngo ra analog Pht on m thanh thu Pht on m thanh thu Kt thc on m thanh Ng vo xung h thng Ghi m Hnh 26: Chc nng cc chn ca ISD1420
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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IC 7486
IC 7486 l IC tch hp 4 cng EX-OR nh hnh sau:

Hnh 27: s chn IC 7486 IC 7486 gm 4 ng EX-OR v tm in in p s dng l t 4.75v - 5.25v DC. Di y bng s tht ca IC7486.

Hnh 28: Bng s tht

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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IC 74LS247

Hnh 29: S chn IC74247 IC74247 l IC gii m BCD sang LED 7on. Bng trng thi:

Hnh 30: Led 7 on

Hnh 31: Bng trng thi

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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OPTO 4N35

Hnh 32: S chn OPTO 4N35 B ghp quang (OPTO COUPLER) l mt linh kin bn dn gm c mt ngun bc x nh sng v mt b thu nh sng. Ngun pht sng l mt Diode pht quang, cn ngun thu c th l quang tr, photo diode, photo transistor trng Cc b thu, pht nh sng c t vo trong mi trng quang hc v chng hon ton cch bit nhau v mch in. Dng in qua Diode bn trong opto l 10mA. H s truyn t 100% Mch in ng ra dng Transistor. Hiu in th cch in VDC = 3350V. in th ca Diode bn trong opto l 1,5V, dng qua 10mA.

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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IC TDA2003

Hnh 33: IC TDA2003 IC TDA2003 l ICKTT khuch i m thanh hot ng tm in p 8VDC ti 18VDC. Ng ra tn hiu c khuch i vi cng sut khong 10W.

Hnh 34: S chn IC TDA2003

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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CHNG V THIT K V THI CNG

I./ Mch cm bin chung: 1./ S nguyn l:

Hnh 35: Mch cm bin chung 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Khi tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho thu bao. Tn hieu chuong co cac thong so 75Vrms 90Vrms, f = 25Hz, hai giay co bon giay khong (ty tng i). Tn hieu nay qua tu C1. Tu C1 co nhiem vu ngan dong DC, ch cho tn hieu chuong i qua. ong thi C1 tao ra sut ap AC lam giam bien o tn hieu chuong. Sau o tn hieu chuong qua cau diode e chnh lu toan ky. Muc ch cua cau diode khong nhng tao ngo ra tn hieu co cc tnh nhat nh ma con nhan oi he so gn song nhap nho cua tn hieu. Nh vay tan so gn song sau khi qua cau diode la 50Hz. Khi tan so ln hn th viec triet tieu o nhap nho cua tn hieu de hn. Tu C2 dung e triet tieu o nhap nho nay, thng s ca t C2 c chn sao cho t c np y trc khi kt thc mt hi chung v c x ht trc khi bt u hi chung tip theo. Tn hieu i qua R1 va R2 phan cc thuan cho opto. Diode zener 3v co tac dung gi ien ap cho diode phat quang cua opto co nh. R2 han dong qua diode phat quang cua opton. Khi diode opto phan cc thuan, diode nay se phat quang kch vao cc B cua transistor co cc C c noi ien tr len +5V thong qua ien tr R3 phan cc cho transistor v lm sng LED. Khi co tn hieu chuong transistor dan bo hoa tao ngo ra tai cc C mc logic thap. Khi khong co tn hieu chuong transistor ngng dan tao mc logic cao tai cc C. mc logic nay c a vao chan p1.6 cua 8951.
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Tom lai khi co tn hieu chuong, mach nay cho ra mc logic 0. khi khong co tn hieu chuong th mach cho ra mc logic 1. Ngoai ra khi thong thoai, cac tn hieu thoai khac co bien o nho nen khong u tac ong en mach. Nh vay mach se khong anh hng en cac tn hieu khac ngoai tr tn hieu chuong. Chu y: opto dung e cach ly ien ap cua tn hieu chuong, chuyen oi chung thanh mc logic phu hp cho vi ieu khien. 3./ Thit k v tnh ton: Tn hieu chuong cua tong ai cap cho thue bao co ien ap hieu dung khoang 75Vrms 90Vrms, f = 25Hz. C1: Chia p, chn DC, cho tn hiu chung i qua. C2: Lc phng ngun DC chnh lu. R1: Hn dng cho Diode Zener Diode Zener: n p bo v cho Led Opto R2: Hn dng cho Led Opto Opto: Cch li in p chnh lu thnh DC ca tn hiu chung vi in p s dng ca vi x l. Bin tn hiu chung thnh cc mc Logic a vo chn P1.6 trn vi x l 89C51. Chn in p chung l 75VAC Chn R1 = 330 Chn Diode Zener 3v Cho Izmin=4mA Dng qua Led Opto 10mA St p trn Led Opto khong 1,1V => IDC = Izmin + IDOpto = 14mA => IAC = 14 x / 2 = 31mA => VDC = 14 x R1 +VZ = 14 x 330 x 10-3 +3 = 7.6V => VAC = (7.6 x )/ 2 = 17V => VC1 = 75 VAC (2 x VDiode) = 75 17 2.2 = 56V => ZC1 = VC1/IAC = 56/31 = 2.3K => C1 = 1/(2 f x ZC1) = 1/(2 x 3.14 x 25 x 2,3 x 103) = 2,7uF => an ton hn ta chn C1 = 1uF/250v R2 = (VZ Vopto)/Iopto = (3 1.1)/(10x10-3) = 190 => an ton hn cho led opto chn R2 = 330 Chn dng qua Led l 10mA St p trn Led 1.1V =>R3 = (5 1.1)/(10 x 10-3 ) = 390 Chn R3 = 330

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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II./ Mch nhn tn hiu o cc 1./ S nguyn l:

12V

R4 R1
RING 1.5k 3V 330R

2k2

R2

1 2 4N35

6 5 4

DAO CUC

R3
1K5

TIP 4001

Hnh 36: Mch o cc 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Bnh thng day Ring mang ien the am, day Tip mang ien the dng lm cho diode N4001 v Led trong opto phn cc nghch nen khng dan. Suy ra ngo ra tai cc C cua transistor la mc logic cao a v 89C51 chn p1.7. Khi thue bao thc hien mot cuoc goi i, neu thue bao au bn kia nhac may tong ai se cap mot tn hieu ao cc bao cho thue bao goi biet la thue bao b goi a nhac may (thong thoai). Luc nay day Tip mang ien the am, day Ring mang ien the dng, diode dan. Tai cc C cua transistor xuong mc thap tac ong vao chan P1.7 cua vi ieu khien bao cho vi ieu khien biet au kia a nhac may e vi iu khin xut ra lenh xuat cau thong bao. 3./ Thit k v tnh ton: Chn dng qua Led opto l 10mA Chn diode zener 3v Chn dng qua diode zener l 4mA St p trn Led opto l 1.1V VT/R = (ILopto + IZ)x R1 +VD4001 = 15 => R1 = (15 - VD4001)/(ILopto + IZ) = (15-1,1)/(10+4) = 1K Chn R1 = 1.5K VDZ = ILopto x R2 + 1.1 = 3V =>R2 =(VDZ 1.1)/ ILopto = 1.9/(10x10-3) = 190 Chn R2 = 330 Chn in p ti cc C l 5V Chn R3 =1,5K in p ti cc C ca opto = (12/(1.5+R4))x1.5 = 5V => R4 = ((1.5x12)/5) - 1,5 = 2.1K => Chn R4 bng 2.2K Trang 45

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

 n tt nghip III./ Mch to gi 1./S nguyn l:

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

I/O I/O

3 T1 2

+12V LS1 3 1 2 1 5 4 2 TAI GIA R1 Q1 C2383 100 J1 TIP RING 1 2 CON2 3 RELAY SPDT + R4 18K D2 4 C0 10uF/50V

D9 DIODE

Q2 C2383 R5 180

BRIDGE

Hnh 37: Mch to ti gi 2./ Nguyn tc hot ng: Khoi tao tr khang giong nh mot thue bao nhac may, gom Q2, C0, R4 va R5 c mac nh hnh ve tao thanh mot nguon dong e lay dong o vao mach giong nh thue bao cua bu ien. Q2 co nhiem vu thay the mot thue bao tren lnh vc tr khang. ien tr DC cua mot may ien thoai la 300 , ien tr xoay chieu tai tan so F = 1KHz la 700 30% . Tong tr vao cua mach nay phai phu hp vi cac thong so tren. 3./ Thit k v tnh ton: Dng thng thoi tng i cp ti t 20mA ti 100mA. Chn Q2 l C2383 c Icmax l 1A c = 60 230 Chn dng DC tng i cp IDC = 40mA Chn ca C2383 l 100 Chn in p DC ca ti l 15VDC St p qua cu Diode l 2.2 V Chn VCE = 7V R5 = (15 2.2 -7)/40 = 145 Chn R5 = 180
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Ta c : IE=IB + IC => IB = IE IC = IE - IB => IB x ( 1+ ) = IE => IB = IE / (1+ ) = 40/(1+100) => IB = 0.39mA => R4 = (VDC 2.2 - 0.7 IE x R5) / IB = (15 2.2 - 0.7 7.2) / 0.39 => R4 = 12.6K Chn R4 = 18K T C0 dng bypass tn hiu thoi nh vy ZC << R5 (1/2 fC) << R5 Chn f = 300Hz l tn s thp nht ca tn hiu thoi ta c: C0 >> (1/2 f x R5) = 1/ (2 x 3.14 x 300 x 180) = 2.94uF Chn C0 = 10uF/50V IV./ Mch iu khin thit b: 1./ S nguyn l:

Hnh 38: Mch iu khin thit b

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Tn hiu iu khin t P2.4 P2.7 c a n cc cng EX-OR ca IC7486 cc tn hiu ny so snh vi cc cng tc bn ngoi thc hin vic ng m thit b. n c th hin qua bng trng thi. CT (cng tc) TB (P2.4 P2.7) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 RELAY 0 1 1 0

3./ Thit k v tnh ton: Chn RELAY 12V in tr 300ohm in p chu ng ca tip im l 240V. Chn Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 l C1815 c dng IC khong 40mA, = 60 Dng qua RELAY: IC = VCC / RRELAY = 12 / 300 = 40mA iu kin transistor dn l IB IC/ = 40 / 60 = 0.6mA R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = (Vr VBE) / IB = (5 0.7) / 0.6 = 7.1K bo ha su ta chn R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 2.2K Chn cc in tr R6 = R7 = R11 = R13 = 330 hn dng cho LED Mch s dng 7805 n p v cp ngun cho IC 7486 v in p s dng cho IC ny l t 4.75 5.25V. V./ Mch ngun 1./ S nguyn l:
12V AC 1

D1 2 + 4 C14 1000uF/15V 3 1

KA7812
A B C 3 12V DC

BRIDGE 12V AC

C20 1000uF/16V

KA7805
1 A B C 3 5V DC

C21 1000uF/16V

Hnh 39: Mch ngun

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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2./ Nguyn l hot ng: in p xoay chiu chnh lu qua Diode cu D1 sau c lm phng bng t C14 1000uF/16V. Sau a vo chn IN ca IC 7805 v IC 7812 to ra cc mc in p 5V v 12V cung cp cho cc mch khc trong h thng. T C20 1000uF/16V v C21 1000uF/16V dng n p cho ngun. VI./ Mch thu DTMF 1./ S nguyn l:
VCC

C9 I/O I/O 0.1uF

R15 R16 R R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3.579MH Y3 8 9

IN+ INGS VREF GND1 GND2 OSC1 OSC2 GND MT8870

VCC ST/GT EST STD Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 TOE

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 330K P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0 R17

C19 0.1uF

R25 200

P0.7 Q5 1R1001

Hnh 40: Mch thu DTMF 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: M a tn DTMF l mt cp tn s c truyn trn ng dy in thoi nh mt tn hiu thoi. Tn hiu ny sau khi qua bin p cch li t l 1: 1 s tip tc i qua in tr R15 (100k) i vo chn IN-,mt phn tn hiu s i qua in tr R16 (100k) i vo chn GS. Cp tn s ny i qua b lc Dial Tone Filter. B ny s tch tn hiu thnh hai nhm : mt nhm tn s thp, mt nhm tn s cao. Nhm tn s thp c dy tn 697Hz 941 Hz, nhm tn s cao c dy tn 1209Hz 1633Hz. Hai nhm tn hiu c bin i thnh xung vung, v c xc nh tn s v kim tra xem chng c tng ng vi tn s DTMF chun hay khng. Nu cp Tone hp l th IC s xut ra cc bit nh phn tng ng vi bng nu phn trc. Khi cp Tone hp l c xc nhn th chn STD s ln mc cao v cc bit nh phn s c xut ra cc chn Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 nu chn TOE c mc ln mc cao. Chn STD sau mt thi gian ln mc cao s quay v mc thp bo hiu IC sn sng nhn tn hiu DTMF tip theo.
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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3./ Cc thng s v gi tr: Cc thng s do nh sn xut hng dn. Cc gi tr in p cung cp, gi tr in tr, t in, tn s thch anh c mc theo ngh ca nh sn xut. Vcc = 5VDC R15 = 100k 1% R16 = 100k 1% R17 = 100k 1% C19 = 0,1uF 5% Thch anh: 3,579MHz VII./ Mch pht DTMF 1./ S nguyn l:
VCC

MT8880
1 2 3 4 5 IN+ INGS VREF VSS OSC1 OSC2 TONE WR CS VDD ST ETS D3 D2 D1 D0 IRQ/CP Fi2 RS0 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 R14 390

C2 C1
100nF

100nF

P3.3 P3.2 P3.1 P3.0

0
R21 3.3K R22 3.3K

0
3.579 C18 I/O 100uF Y1

6 7 8 9 10

P3.5 P3.6 P3.4

C17 10nF

R18 10K

C16 I/O 100uF

Hnh 41: Mch pht DTMF 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Nha san xuat cho phep giao tiep MT8880 vi VXL (89C51,PIC) e phat tn hieu DTMF. Ban u vi x l 89C51 s xut mc logic 0 hoc 1 ra P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3 c ni vi chn D0, D1, D2, D3 ca MT8880 lc ny d liu nm b m (Data bus buffer) v CLR chn p3.6 tc l chn CS (Chip Select) ca MT8880 kiem tra xem tone trc o a c phat xong cha, ieu nay thc hien c bang cach oc bit b1 cua thanh ghi trang thai bn trong MT8880, neu bit nay c set len 1 bo hiu d liu trc pht xong v d liu tip theo c a ra thanh ghi d liu pht.
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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QUA TRNH PHAT DTMF : e phat i mot cap tone , can phai kiem tra xem tone trc o a c phat xong cha, ieu nay thc hien c bang cach oc bit b1 cua thanh ghi trang thai , neu bit nay c set len 1 -> thanh ghi d lieu phat san sang cho viec phat cap tone ke tiep.

3./ Cc thng s v gi tr: Cc thng s do nh sn xut hng dn. Cc gi tr in p cung cp, gi tr in tr, t in, tn s thch anh c mc theo ngh ca nh sn xut. R14 = 374K 1% R21 = 3,3K R22 = 3,3K R18 = 10 K (min) C1 = 100nF 5% C2 =100nF 5% C16 = 100uF/16v C17 = 1nF C18 = 100uF/16v Thch anh 3.579 Mhz
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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VIII./ Mch ghi pht m thanh: 1./ S nguyn l:

VCC U2 A0 A1 A2 A3 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 VCCD VCCA VSSD VSSA 28 16 12 13 C3 0.1uF R2 C4 0.1uF PLAYL PLAYE REC RECLED XCXLK AGC SP+ SP19 14 15 C6 4.7uF R5 470K R5 10K MIC 17 C5 0.1uF 5.6K MK1 1 2 MICROPHONE C1 220uF R12 10K C2 0.1uF R1 200

VCC

ANA IN LED LED R EC R10 R9 R8 100K 100K 100K C7 102 23 24 27 R9 1K 25 26 ANA OUT MIC REF

20 21 18

1 1 1

2 PLAY L 2 PLAY E 2 REC

0
PLAY HETAM

ISD 1420

R35 330

2C14 1 100uF

T2

C15 4 100uF I/O

I/O

Hnh 42: Mch ghi pht m thanh 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: IC ISD 1420 l IC chuyn dng cho vic ghi v pht m thanh. IC gm c 128 a ch v mt vng nh c s dng chung cho 128 a ch y. Thi gian ghi m c ca h ISD 1400 l t 14 20 giy. ISD 1420 c kt ni vi 89C51 thng qua cc chn P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3 tng ng vi cc chn a ch A0, A1, A2, A3. Chn PLAYL kt ni vi chn P1.4. Chn RECLED kt ni vi chn P1.5. pht c m thanh ta cn cung cp a ch vng nh lu tr on m thanh sau cho chn PLAYL xung mc thp (CLR P1.4). Du hiu kt thc on m thanh th hin bng s thay i trng thi chn RECLED ( LED s sng ln ri tt) vi iu khin s nhn bit du hiu ny cho s kt thc on m thanh va pht.

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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Bng a ch vng nh cc on m thanh: A0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 A1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 A2 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 A3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 m thanh Bo ng c chy Bo ng c trm ng nhp thnh cng nhn phm chc nng Thit b m tt Sai nhp li Nhp password

3./ Cc thng s v gi tr: Cc thng s do nh sn xut hng dn. Cc gi tr in p cung cp, gi tr in tr, t in, micro c mc nh hnh v (theo nh sn xut). IX./ Mch khuch i m thanh: 1./ S nguyn l:
12V

104

10U/16V INPUT 103 503 1 2 + -

1000uF/16V 4 TDA2003 3 OUTPUT

220R

104

0
1R/0.5W 1000uF/16V 2.2R

Hnh 43: Mch khuch i m thanh

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Mch khuch i m thanh dng khuch i tn hiu DTMF thu c a vo cho MT8870 x l. Mch s dng IC TDA2003, y l OP-AMP s dng ngun n, mc theo kiu c hi tip m, c s dng bin tr 503 (50K) iu chnh ln tn hiu u vo cho thch hp vi MT8870. 3./ Cc thng s v gi tr: Cc gi tr in tr, t in c mc theo ngh ca DATASHEET (nh hnh ) ngun cung cp t 8V n 18V DC X./ Mch hin th 1./ S nguyn l:
5v R1 330R

16

p0.0 p0.1 p0.2 p0.3

7 1 2 6 3 5

D0 D1 D2 D3 LT RBI

GND

A B C D E F G BI/RBO

13 12 11 10 9 15 14 4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

VCC

a b c d e f g

74247 8

Hnh 44: Mch hin th 2./ Nguyn l hot ng: Mch hin th dng IC74247 dng hin th s DTMF sau khi c MT8870 gii m thnh bit nh phn. Mch ny c dng gip thun tin hn cho vic kim tra cc m tt m thit b. Cc bit nh phn t MT8870 xut ra nu l s BCD s c IC74247 gii m v hin th trn Led 7 on. Led 7 on s dng l loi Anode chung v c hn dng bng R1 (330). Mch s dng ngun 5VDC.

vcc

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

XI./ Mch x l trung tm 1./ S nguyn l:

5V VCC 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 40 A0 A1 A2 A3 PLAY HET AM CHUONG DAOCUC P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 RXD TXD INT1 INT0 T1 TO WR RD Vcc EA R23 R U3 C10 CAP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D0 D1 D2 D3 R/W RS0 CS 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Y2 12Mhz 19 31 SEG-8R 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P2.1 P2.0 PSEN ALE

D0 D1 D2 D3

SW1

MT8870
TAIGIA STD BAO TROM

R24 R

BAO CHAY TB4 TB3 TB2 TB1

MT8880

C11

CT4 CT3 CT2 CT1

XTAL2 XTAL1 8051 Vss

33p C12

33p

Hnh 45: Mch x l trung tm 2./ Cc chn kt ni Port 0: P0.0 p0.3 : D0 D3 ca MT8870 + hin th. P0.4 : Ti gi P0.5 : STD P0.6 : Cm bin chy P0.7 : Cm bin trm Port 1: P1.0 P1.3 : A0 A3 ca ISD 1420 P1.4 : PLAY P1.5 : Ht m P1.6 : Chung P1.7 : o cc Port 2: P2.0 P2.3 : CT1 CT4 P2.4 P2.7 : TB1 TB4 Port 3: P3.0 p3.3 : D0 D3 ca MT8880 P3.4 : R/W P3.5 : RS0 P3.6 : CS
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

20

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

CHNG V LU GII THUT V CHNG TRNH

I./ LU GII THUT

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip II./ CHNG TRNH $MOD51 ORG 00H MT87_0 BIT P0.0 MT87_1 BIT P0.1 MT87_2 BIT P0.2 MT87_3 BIT P0.3 TAI_GIA BIT P0.4 STD BIT P0.5 CHAY BIT P0.6 TROM BIT P0.7

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

; CHAN 11 MT8870 ; CHAN 12 MT8870 ; CHAN 13 MT8870 ; CHAN 14 MT8870 ; CHAN 35 AT89C51 ; CHAN 15 MT8870 ; CHAN 33 AT89C51 ; CHAN 32 AT89C51 ; CHAN 5 ISD1420 ; CHAN 6 ISD1420 ; CHAN 9 ISD1420 ; CHAN 10 ISD1420 ; CHAN 23 ISD1420 ; CHAN 25 ISD1420 ; CHAN 7 AT89C51 ; CHAN 8 AT89C51 ; CHAN 21 AT89C51 ; CHAN 22 AT89C51 ; CHAN 23 AT89C51 ; CHAN 24 AT89C51 ; CHAN 25 AT89C51 ; CHAN 26 AT89C51 ; CHAN 27 AT89C51 ; CHAN 28 AT89C51 ; CHAN 10 AT89C51 ; CHAN 11 AT89C51 ; CHAN 12 AT89C51 ; CHAN 13 AT89C51 ; CHAN 14 AT89C51 ; CHAN 15 AT89C51 ; CHAN 16 AT89C51

ISD_0 BIT P1.0 ISD_1 BIT P1.1 ISD_2 BIT P1.2 ISD_3 BIT P1.3 PLAY BIT P1.4 HET_AM BIT P1.5 CHUONG BIT P1.6 DAO_CUC BIT P1.7 CT1 BIT P2.0 CT2 BIT P2.1 CT3 BIT P2.2 CT4 BIT P2.3 TB1 BIT P2.4 TB2 BIT P2.5 TB3 BIT P2.6 TB4 BIT P2.7 MT88_0 BIT P3.0 MT88_1 BIT P3.1 MT88_2 BIT P3.2 MT88_3 BIT P3.3 RW BIT P3.4 RSO BIT P3.5 CS BIT P3.6

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip MAIN:

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

CLR TAI_GIA MOV R7,#0 KIEM_TRA_CHAY: JB CHAY,KIEM_TRA_TROM LCALL BAO_DONG_CHAY JMP MAIN KIEM_TRA_TROM: JB TROM,KIEM_TRA_CHUONG LCALL BAO_DONG_TROM JMP MAIN KIEM_TRA_CHUONG: CJNE R7,#3,XUONG JNB CHUONG,$ JMP DONG_TAI_GIA XUONG: JB CHUONG,KIEM_TRA_CHAY INC R7 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 LCALL DELAY_1S JNB CHUONG,$ LCALL DELAY_1S NHAY1000: JB CHUONG,WAIT JMP KIEM_TRA_CHUONG WAIT: LCALL DELAY10MS DJNZ R1,NHAY1000 DJNZ R2,NHAY1000 JMP KIEM_TRA_CHAY DONG_TAI_GIA: SETB TAI_GIA LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL NHAP_PASS

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

;****************************THU PASS************************ ;************************PASS THU NHAT********************** MOV R0,#0 SAI: INC R0 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 CHO: DJNZ R1,TT DJNZ R2,TT JMP MAIN TT: LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO JNB STD,$ MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#03H,TB_SAIA ; ********************PASS THU HAI************************* MOV R0,#0 SAI1: INC R0 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 CHO1: DJNZ R1,TT1 DJNZ R2,TT1 JMP MAIN TT1: LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO1 JNB STD,$ MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#04H,TB_SAIB ; **********************PASS THU BA********************** MOV R0,#0 SAI2: INC R0 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 CHO2: DJNZ R1,TT2 DJNZ R2,TT2 JMP MAIN
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip TT2:

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO2 JNB STD,$ INC R0 MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#05H,TB_SAIC JMP DA_VAO_HE_THONG TB_SAIA: LJMP TB_SAI TB_SAIB: LJMP TB_SAI1 TB_SAIC: LJMP TB_SAI2 ;****************THONG BAO SAI NHAP PASS******************* TB_SAI: LCALL BAO_SAI CJNE R0,#3,SAIA LJMP MAIN SAIA: LJMP SAI TB_SAI1: LCALL BAO_SAI CJNE R0,#3,SAIB LJMP MAIN SAIB: LJMP SAI1 TB_SAI2: LCALL BAO_SAI CJNE R0,#3,SAIC LJMP MAIN SAIC: LJMP SAI2

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

;****************PASS DA DUNG HET***************************** DA_VAO_HE_THONG: LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THONG_BAO_THANH_CONG ;***********************KIEM TRA MA*************************** LAPLAI: MOV R0,#0 KIEM_TRA_MA_TAT: MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 CHO3: DJNZ R1,TT3 DJNZ R2,TT3 JMP MAIN TT3: LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO3 JNB STD,$ MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#06H,KIEM_TRA_MA_MO LCALL CT_TAT LJMP LAPLAI KIEM_TRA_MA_MO: CJNE A,#07H,KIEM_TRA_TAT_HET LCALL CT_MO LJMP LAPLAI KIEM_TRA_TAT_HET: CJNE A,#08H,KIEM_TRA_TRANG_THAI LCALL CT_TAT_HET LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT LJMP LAPLAI

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

KIEM_TRA_TRANG_THAI: CJNE A,#09H,KIEM_TRA_MA_THOAT LCALL CT_KT_TRANG_THAI JMP LAPLAI KIEM_TRA_MA_THOAT: CJNE A,#05H,KIEMTRAR0 JMP MAIN KIEMTRAR0: INC R0 CJNE R0,#4,KIEM_TRA_MA_TAT JMP MAIN ;*******************CHUONG TRINH TAT************************** CT_TAT: KT_MA_TB1: INC R0 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 CHO4: DJNZ R1,TT4 DJNZ R2,TT4 JMP MAIN TT4: LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO4 JNB STD,$ MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#01H,KT_MA_TB2 LCALL TAT_TB1 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT LJMP QUAY_VE_LAP_LAI CJNE A,#02H,KT_MA_TB3 LCALL TAT_TB2 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT LJMP QUAY_VE_LAP_LAI
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

KT_MA_TB2:

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 n tt nghip KT_MA_TB3:

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

CJNE A,#03H,KT_MA_TB4 LCALL TAT_TB3 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT LJMP QUAY_VE_LAP_LAI KT_MA_TB4: CJNE A,#04H,SAIHET LCALL TAT_TB4 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT LJMP QUAY_VE_LAP_LAI QUAY_VE_LAP_LAI: JMP LAPLAI SAIHET: JMP KIEMTRAR0 RET ;*************CHUONG TRINH TAT TUNG TB****************** TAT_TB1: JB CT1,SET_TB1 CLR TB1 JMP THOAT_TAT_TB1 SET_TB1: SETB TB1 THOAT_TAT_TB1: NOP RET TAT_TB2: JB CT2,SET_TB2 CLR TB2 JMP THOAT_TAT_TB2 SET_TB2: SETB TB2 THOAT_TAT_TB2: NOP RET

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

TAT_TB3: JB CT3,SET_TB3 CLR TB3 JMP THOAT_TAT_TB3 SET_TB3: SETB TB3 THOAT_TAT_TB3: NOP RET TAT_TB4: JB CT4,SET_TB4 CLR TB4 JMP THOAT_TAT_TB4 SET_TB4: SETB TB4 THOAT_TAT_TB4: NOP RET ;*********** *******CHUONG TRINH MO********************** CT_MO: KT_MA_TB11: CHO5: INC R0 MOV R1,#100 MOV R2,#50 DJNZ R1,TT5 DJNZ R2,TT5 LJMP MAIN LCALL DELAY10MS JB STD,CHO5 JNB STD,$ MOV A,P0 ANL A,#00001111B CJNE A,#01H,KT_MA_TB21 LCALL MO_TB1 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO LJMP QUAY_LAI_LAP_LAI Trang 66

TT5:

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

 n tt nghip KT_MA_TB21:

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

CJNE A,#02H,KT_MA_TB31 LCALL MO_TB2 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO LJMP QUAY_LAI_LAP_LAI

KT_MA_TB31: CJNE A,#03H,KT_MA_TB41 LCALL MO_TB3 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO LJMP QUAY_LAI_LAP_LAI KT_MA_TB41: CJNE A,#04H,SAIHET1 LCALL MO_TB4 LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO LJMP QUAY_LAI_LAP_LAI QUAY_LAI_LAP_LAI: JMP LAPLAI SAIHET1: JMP KIEMTRAR0 RET ;***************** ***MO THIET BI************************* MO_TB1: JB CT1,CLR_TB1 SETB TB1 JMP THOAT_M0_TB1 CLR_TB1: CLR TB1 THOAT_M0_TB1: NOP RET
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

MO_TB2: JB CT2,CLR_TB2 SETB TB2 JMP THOAT_M0_TB2 CLR_TB2: CLR TB2 THOAT_M0_TB2: NOP RET MO_TB3: JB CT3,CLR_TB3 SETB TB3 JMP THOAT_M0_TB3 CLR_TB3: CLR TB3 THOAT_M0_TB3: NOP RET MO_TB4: JB CT4,CLR_TB4 SETB TB4 JMP THOAT_M0_TB4 CLR_TB4: CLR TB4 THOAT_M0_TB4: NOP RET ;****************CHUONG TRINH TAT HET********************** CT_TAT_HET: JB CT1,SSET_TB1 CLR TB1 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB2 XUONG_TAT_TB2: JB CT2,SSET_TB2 CLR TB2 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB3
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

XUONG_TAT_TB3: JB CT3,SSET_TB3 CLR TB3 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB4 XUONG_TAT_TB4: JB CT4,SSET_TB4 CLR TB4 JMP THOAT_KHOI_TAT_HET SSET_TB1: SETB TB1 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB2 SSET_TB2: SETB TB2 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB3 SSET_TB3: SETB TB3 JMP XUONG_TAT_TB4 SSET_TB4: SETB TB4 THOAT_KHOI_TAT_HET: NOP RET ;********* CHUONG TRINH KIEM TRA TRANG THAI*************** CT_KT_TRANG_THAI: JB CT1,TTBI1_1 JB TB1,BTB1MO LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI2 BTB1MO: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI2
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

TTBI1_1: JB TB1,BTB1TAT LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI2 BTB1TAT: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI2 TTBI2: JB CT2,TTBI2_2 JB TB2,BTB2MO LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI3 BTB2MO: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI3 TTBI2_2: JB TB2,BTB2TAT LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI3 BTB2TAT: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI3 TTBI3: JB CT3,TTBI3_3 JB TB3,BTB3MO LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI4 BTB3MO: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI4

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

TTBI3_3: JB TB3,BTB3TAT LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP TTBI4 BTB3TAT: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP TTBI4 TTBI4: JB CT4,TTBI4_4 JB TB4,BTB4MO LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT JMP KIEM_TRA_MA_TAT BTB4MO: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP KIEM_TRA_MA_TAT TTBI4_4: JB TB4,BTB4TAT LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_MO JMP KIEM_TRA_MA_TAT BTB4TAT: LCALL THIET_BI LCALL THONG_BAO_TAT RET ;*************** *******DELAY 10MS********************** DELAY10MS: MOV TMOD,#10 MOV TH1,# HIGH (-10000) MOV TL1,# LOW (-10000) SETB TR1 JNB TF1,$ CLR TR1 CLR TF1 RET
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

;************************DELAY 1S*********************** DELAY_1S: MOV R3,#20 MOV TMOD,#10H LAPM: MOV TH1,# HIGH (-50000) MOV TL1,# LOW (-50000) SETB TR1 JNB TF1,$ CLR TR1 CLR TF1 DJNZ R3,LAPM RET ;***********************BAO DONG TROM*************************** BAO_DONG_TROM: SETB TAI_GIA LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S MOV A,#00000010B MOV P3,#11101101B MOV P3,#10101101B MOV P3,#11100000B MOV P3,#10100000B MOV P3,#11111111B DOI_PHAT_XONG: CLR CS MOV C,MT88_1 SETB CS JNC DOI_PHAT_XONG ANL A,#00001111B ORL A,#11000000B MOV P3,A CLR CS LCALL DELAY_1S SETB CS LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S CLR ISD_0 CLR ISD_1 SETB ISD_2 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY ;PLAY JB HET_AM,$ ;HETAM JNB HET_AM,$ ;HETAM SETB PLAY ;PLAY CLR TAI_GIA RET ;********************* BAO DONG CHAY********************** BAO_DONG_CHAY: SETB TAI_GIA LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S MOV A,#00000010B MOV P3,#11101101B MOV P3,#10101101B MOV P3,#11100000B MOV P3,#10100000B MOV P3,#11111111B DOI_PHAT_XONGDS: CLR CS MOV C,MT88_1 SETB CS JNC DOI_PHAT_XONGDS ANL A,#00001111B ORL A,#11000000B MOV P3,A CLR CS LCALL DELAY_1S SETB CS LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S LCALL DELAY_1S
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

LCALL DELAY_1S CLR ISD_0 CLR ISD_1 CLR ISD_2 SETB ISD_3 CLR PLAY ;PLAY JB HET_AM,$ ;HETAM JNB HET_AM,$ ;HETAM SETB PLAY ;PLAY CLR TAI_GIA RET ;*********** **********THONG BAO NHAP PASS****************** NHAP_PASS: SETB ISD_0 SETB ISD_2 SETB ISD_1 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET ;************** ******* THONG BAO SAI************************* BAO_SAI: SETB ISD_0 CLR ISD_1 SETB ISD_2 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

;*****************THONG BAO THANH CONG******************* THONG_BAO_THANH_CONG: CLR ISD_0 CLR ISD_1 SETB ISD_2 SETB ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET ;*************** ********THONG BAO MO********************** THONG_BAO_MO: CLR ISD_0 SETB ISD_1 SETB ISD_2 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET ;*************** *******THONG BAO TAT********************** THONG_BAO_TAT: SETB ISD_0 SETB ISD_1 CLR ISD_2 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

;*************************THIET BI**************************** THIET_BI: CLR ISD_0 SETB ISD_1 CLR ISD_2 CLR ISD_3 CLR PLAY JB HET_AM,$ JNB HET_AM,$ SETB PLAY RET END

SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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 n tt nghip

Bo ng v iu khin thit b qua ng dy in thoi

CHNG KT LUN
I./ HN CH CA TI: Tuy l mch c th hot ng n nh nhng cng cn kh nhiu hn ch: ng mch i sai cn nhiu nn phi dng dy ng i li do mch cha c tnh thm m lm. Dy bus c dng kt ni nhiu module li nn c dy b trng lp. Vic nh du cc u bus cng cha logic lm. Do thi gian lm ti tng i ngn nn cha hiu c cch thu tn hiu DTMF ca MT8880 v phi dng n MT8870 thu tn hiu DTMF. Do khng c iu kin kt ni vi tng i tht nn ch cho mch hot ng trn s m phng cc iu kin thc t. II./ HNG PHT TRIN TI Nu tm hiu v vn hnh c MT8880 thu v pht DTMF th mch s gn gng v n gin hn. p dng mch vo thc t th cn phi qua nhiu ln th nghim m hnh mt cch c th vi tng i tht v thit b tht. Da trn nguyn l c c th pht trin ln s dng mng in thoi di ng cho m hnh ny thay v mng c nh c dy. III./ TI LIU THAM KHO 1./ Tc Gi Dng Minh Tr - S CHN LINH KIN BN DN - Nh xut bn Khoa Hc V K Thut nm 2005 TP.HCM Ti bn ln th hai. 2./ Tc Gi H Trung M - VI X L Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia TP.HCM nm 2006 TP.HCM Ti bn ln th nht. 3./ Tc Gi Nguyn Vit Nguyn GIO TRNH LINH KIN IN T - Nh xut bn Gio Dc nm 2007 H Ni. 4./ Cc DATASHEET v Ti Liu Trn INTERNET
SVTH: PHM TUN ANH-TRN THANH SANG

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