Luan Van Tot Nghiep DAN NHAP I AT VAN E Cung vi s phat trien cua xa hoi, nhu cau vat

t chat va tinh than cua con ngi ngay cang tang. Nam bat c ieu tren, trong vai nam gan ay e thoa man nhu cau i lai ngay cang cao e giai quyet mot so van e xa hoi nh giam bt lng xe hai banh tren ng pho, tang ve my quan cho o th. Nha nc a a vao hoat ong loai hnh Taxi. ay la loai hnh a on khach tng oi mi me oi vi nc ta nhng lai khong xa la g oi vi cac nc. No to ra tien dung cho viec i lai va phan nao giam bt c o nhiem moi trng, an toan cho hanh khach. Muon nh vay, xe Taxi lu hanh phai trang b nhng thiet b an toan cho hanh khach lan ngi ieu khien phng tien. Ngoai nhng thiet b nh day an toan, thiet b giam xoc va chong va ap th viec trang b nhng thiet b canh bao nham cung cap thong tin ve tnh trang hoat ong cua xe cho ngi ieu khien la ieu can thiet. Ben canh van e quan trong la bao am an toan trong qua trnh di chuyen th viec tnh cc tren xe Taxi phai am bao tnh chnh xac va hp ly nham tao tam thoai mai va de chu cho hanh khach. Xuat phat t nhu cau thc te khach quan o, cung nhng kien thc a c trang b trong trng, ngi thc hien a manh dan thc hien e tai THIET KE VA THI CONG MACH CANH BAO TOC O VA TNH CC XE TAXI. II- GII HAN E TAI: Vi e tai mang tnh thc tien la THIET KE VA THI CONG MACH CANH BAO TOC O VA TNH CC XE TAXI th van e thc hien thiet ke va thi cong mot mach hoan chnh that s co the ng dung rong rai la mot ieu ma ngi thc hien mong muon at c. Tuy nhien do thi gian va kien thc co han cung nhng han che khach quan khac ngoai y muon ma trong pham vi o an ngi thc hien

Luan Van Tot Nghiep khong the e cap, i sau khao sat bo tnh cc xe Taxi ang c s dung rong rai tren cac xe Taxi nc ta. Du vay ngi thc hien cung a co gang tm hieu cac nguyen ly tnh cc cung nh canh bao toc o xe oto e e ra hng giai quyet. Theo o noi dung nghien cu ch tien hanh thc hien cac van e sau: Gii thieu nguyen ly o toc o, nguyen ly tnh cc xe Taxi, nguyen ly canh bao toc o xe oto. Thiet ke mach phan cng. Thiet ke phan mem. Ve thi cong, vi yeu cau cua e tai at ra la thiet ke va thi cong mot mach ien gan sat vi thc te e phuc vu cho viec hoc tap va nghien cu. Tren c s da tren kha nang kien thc a thu thap nha trng, ngi thc hien a co gang tien hanh thi cong mot so mach c ban u e mo phong viec canh bao toc o va tnh cc xe Taxi. III-MUC CH NGHIEN CU Viec van dung mon ien t ng dung e giai quyet mot van e ky thuat la ieu khong con g mi me nhng tnh mi me cua e tai c the hien cho ngi thc hien a manh dan i nghien cu mot lnh vc mi ang phat trien manh me nham ap ng nhu cau cua xa hoi o la lnh vc trang b ien t cho xe oto. e tai c thc hien trong pham vi hep cha the ng dung c trong thc tien nhng ieu ma ngi thc hien muon hng en la thong qua viec thc hien o an tot nghiep co ieu kien van dung ly thuyet a hoc e giai quyet mot van e mang tnh thc tien. ong thi trong mot chng mc nao o tap o an co the c xem nh mot tai lieu tham khao, hoc tap cho sinh vien trong va ngoai nganh.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep I-THE THC NGHIEN CU: 1- Thi gian nghien cu: Qua trnh nghien cu mot e tai c xem la mot quy trnh cong nghe han hoi v no oi hoi phai tien hanh theo cac khau ke tiep nhau bao gom viec chon e tai, bien soan e cng, thu thap d kien, x ly d kien, viet cong trnh nghien cu. Luan van tot nghiep c tien hanh thc hien trong khoang thi gian la 6 tuan: Tuan 1 : Chon e tai, chnh xac hoa e tai, soan e cng. Tuan 2 : Thu thap d kien va tai lieu lien he. Tuan 3 5 : Viet ly thuyet va thi cong Tuan 6 : Hoan tat va nop o an 2- Phng phap thu thap d kien: ay la giai oan quan trong, s dung cac phng phap va phng tien nghien cu e thu thap cac d kien ve e tai a c xac nh. D kien thu thap c se la chat lieu e hnh thanh cong trnh nghien cu khoa hoc. Van e la lam sao thu thap c d kien ay u, chnh xac, va phu hp vi noi dung nghien cu. Trong pham vi tap o an nay ngi thc hien s dung cac phng phap tham khao tai lieu va thc nghiem e thu thap d kien giai quyet e tai. Viec tham khao tai lieu giup cho ngi thc hien bo sung them kien thc, ly luan cung nh phng phap ma nhng cong trnh nghien cu trc o a xay dng. Nh o ngi nghien cu tap trung nang lc vao viec giai quyet cac van e con ton tai. Tuy nhien viec nghien cu tham khao tai lieu luon bao am tnh ke tha va phat trien co chon loc. 3- X ly d kien: Cac d kien sau khi c thu thap cha the s dung c ngay ma phai qua qua trnh sang loc, sa cha, phan tch khai quat hoa thanh ly luan. Tai lieu c ngi thc hien s dung la nhng tai

Luan Van Tot Nghiep lieu co chat lng cao chu yeu la tai lieu goc nen bao am chnh xac ve noi dung e cap.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep 4- Trnh bay: Tot nghiep c trnh bay theo cau truc mot tap o tot nghiep e phu hp vi noi dung va thi gian nghien cu ong thi ap ng ung yeu cau ve chng trnh ao tao cua trng. Trnh bay thanh van cong trnh nghien cu hoa hoc la giai oan hoan thanh nghien cu, do o khong the xem o la viec nam vng but phap trong nghien cu khoa hoc giup ngi nghien cu lam sang to them nhng ket qua at c, phat trien chung va co them nhng y kien mi. II-C S LY LUAN: Tot nghiep thc chat la mot qua trnh nghien cu khoa hoc qua trnh nhan thc va hanh ong. Qua trnh nay oi hoi phai co thi gian nhat nh tng xng vi noi dung cua oi tng nghien cu va tnh chat phc tap cua van e nghien cu. Viec nghien cu khoa hoc giup ta phat hien ra cai mi. Cai mi ay khong nhng mang tnh chu quan cua ngi nghien cu ma con mang tnh chat khach quan oi vi xa hoi. Nghien cu khoa hoc phai nham muc ch phuc vu xa hoi, ap ng yeu cau cua thc tien. Hoat ong nghien cu khoa hoc muon at ket qua tot phai hoi u cac yeu to: phng tien, phng phap, c s vat chat may moc thiet b, hnh thc to chc. Cac yeu to nay co moi lien he hu c va phu hp vi oi tng nghien cu. Cac c s cho viec nghien cu va thc hien e tai: 1- Kien thc va nang lc cua ngi nghien cu: Trong qua trnh la chon va thc hien e tai ngi nghien cu phai can nhac ky o kho va o phc tap cua e tai sao cho phu hp vi kha nang, kien thc va nang lc cua ngi nghien cu. - o phc tap cua e tai the hien cac mat: lnh vc nghien cu rong hay hep, mot nganh hay lien nganh, oi tng nghien cu la ong

Luan Van Tot Nghiep nhat hay khong ong nhat Tuy nhien can lu y rang gia tr cua e tai khong phu thuoc vao o phc tap cua no. e hep cha han la e tai kem gia tr. Moi e tai nghien cu khoa hoc co pham vi nhat nh, pham vi nay cang hep th viec nghien cu cang sau. Do o o phc tap cua e tai thng co moi lien he ho tng vi o kho cua no. - Kien thc cua ngi nghien cu (ay la ieu kien chu quan ngi nghien cu). Trc het o la von lieng, kinh nghiem cua ngi nghien cu. Giao s Ha Van Tan a nhan xet: Trnh o hoc sinh, sinh vien hien nay khong cho phep ho ngay t au chon c e tai nghien cu. V vay phai co s gi y cua thay giao. . .. Moi e tai nghien cu khoa hoc co nhng yeu cau nhat nh cua no. Ngi nghien cu can nam vng noi dung, phng phap nghien cu phu hp vi e tai, noi khac i e tai nghien cu phai mang tnh va sc. - Ngi nghien cu phai the hien nang lc nghien cu koa hoc bao gom viec nam vng ly thuyet c ban cua khoa hoc trong lnh vc nghien cu cua mnh, nam c mc o nhat nh ve s phat trien va tien bo thuoc lnh vc nghien cu. Co nh the mi chon c e tai nghien cu co gia tr. Trong tnh hnh tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat ngay nay tren the gii, khoi lng thong tin khoa hoc ky thuat gia tang vi qui mo ln va nhp o nhanh oi hoi ngi nghien cu khoa hoc phai tham khao tai lieu nc ngoai. e thc hien c ieu nay ngi nghien cu khoa hoc can co so von ngoai ng nhat nh. The hien long ham me khoa hoc, quyet tam nghien cu tm toi chan ly. 2- Van e thc tien. - Ngi nghien cu phai coi thc tien la c s, la ong lc cua nhan thc. Ang-ghen viet: Khi xa hoi co nhng yeu cau ky thuat th xa hoi thuc ay khoa hoc hn 10 trng ai hoc. Mat khac

Luan Van Tot Nghiep thc tien cung la tieu chuan e kiem tra nhan thc. Thc te la nhng s viec co that, nhng tnh hnh cu the, nhng van e a hoac cha c giai quyet trong cuoc song. Ngi nghien cu vi kinh nghiem ban than trong cong tac hang ngay thng thay c cac mat cua van e, cac moi quan he phc tap, cac dien bien, phng hng phat trien cua s vat t o co hng thch hp giai quyet e tai. Chnh thc tien giup ngi nghien cu tm thay van e mot cach cu the. Ngi nghien cu phai xem thc tien cao hn nhan thc (ly luan) v no u iem khong nhng cua tnh pho bien ma con cua tnh hien thc trc tiep. Ho Chu Tch cung a day: Hoc tap th theo nguyen tac: kinh nghiem va thc tien phai i cung nhau. e tai thc hien mang tnh thc tien, noi dung cua e tai la co that, phat trien t thc te khach quan. Co the noi hau nh moi cong trnh nghien cu eu co gia tr thc te cua no, ch khac nhau mc o t nhieu, phuc vu trc mat hay lau dai, gian tiep hay trc tiep.

3- Tac ong cua ieu kien khach quan en viec thc hien e tai. Trong qua trnh nghien cu thc hien e tai ngi nghien cu la yeu to chu quan gop phan quan trong en ket qua con oi tng nghien cu, phng phap nghien cu ke ca phng tien nghien cu, thi gian nghien cu cung nh ngi cong tac nghien cu va ngi hng dan nghien cu la nhng ieu kien khach quan anh hng trc tiep en viec nghien cu va ket qua nghien cu. Ngi nghien cu cang nam chac cac yeu to khach quan o bao nhieu th ket qua nghien cu cang c khang nh bay nhieu.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep A- GII THIEU I-NGUYEN LY O TOC O XE OTO 1- M au: Trong vai nam gan ay, cac thiet b o bang c kh va en bao ch co y ngha mang en nhng thong tin can thiet ho tr cho ngi lai xe. Viec a nhng bo x ly bang ien t vao ng dung trong cac xe hi i mi a gop phan thuc ay nen cong nghiep o to phat trien manh theo hng tien nghi va de s dung ong thi am bao an toan nhat cho ngi lai xe ve tnh trang hoat ong cua xe vi cac yeu to ngoai canh. Nhng du la thiet b ch bao bang c hay bang ien th nhng thiet b nay van c xay dng nen bi ba yeu to chnh la: au vao, bo x ly va au ra. Chang han nh khi kiem soat hoat ong cua xe th mot bo phan vi x ly cua may Engine ECU (Electronic Control Unit) se x ly nhng tn hieu nhan t nhng bo cam bien (sensors) roi a en bo phan ch bao. 2- Nguyen ly o toc o xe oto: xe oto i cu, toc o xe oto c xac nh bang bo c kh: dung mot banh vt truc vt gan tai hop so va thong qua day cong-t-met dan ong kim ong ho o toc o quay. ay la phng phap co ien, n gian, hieu qua ve ky thuat tuy nhien han che bi o ben c va cha at o chnh xac cao. Hien nay, cac xe oto i mi khong dung kieu o toc o bang c kh na ma dung he thong x ly tn hieu ien lay t cam bien toc o (Speed sensor) at truc th cap cua hop so a ve x ly roi a en ong ho ch bao toc o. S d xu hng chuyen sang phng phap mi nay la do yeu cau khach quan e ien t hoa cac bo phan ieu khien thiet b ho tr tren xe. Phng phap nay to ra chnh xac va gon nhe ong thi the hien kha nang mem deo linh hoat trong x ly va ho tr tch cc cho cac thiet b lien quan. TRUE N ON G HOP SO Cam bien Toc o (Speed Sensor) Vi x ly (ECU)

Ch Bao

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Hnh A. 1: S o khoi o toc o. * Co hai bo o toc o thng dung: a- Bo cam bien nay bao gom: IC lai HIC (Hybrid Integrated Circuit) c lap tren MRE va mot xuyen t (Magnetic Ring). Toan bo cam bien c lap at hop so va c dan ong bi banh rang cua truc th cap. - Hoat ong: Khi truc so quay truyen ong cho truc gan xuyen t quay theo tao ra mot t thong bien thien lien tuc. Ket qua la tao nen mot tn hieu xoay chieu lien tuc khi ra khoi MRE. Tn hieu xoay chieu nay qua bo so sanh (Comparator) trong bo cam bien toc o se chuyen oi dang song xoay chieu ra tn hieu so. Tn hieu nay sau o c chuyen oi bi mot transistor trc khi gi en bo lien ket o (Combination meter).

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Hnh A.4a: Tn hieu ra cua loai 20 cc t Tan so cua song sin c cho tuy theo so cc cua nam cham gan tren xuyen t. Co hai loai xuyen t (phu thuoc vao i cua xe oto): - Loai co 20 cc t se cho ra 20 chu ky song sin (ng vi moi vong quay cua xuyen t). Trong trng hp nay tan so cua tn hieu c chuyen oi t 20 xung cho moi vong quay cua xuyen t thanh 4 xung sau khi qua bo lien ket o (Combination Meter). Sau o tn hieu se c gi en bo x ly cua may Engine ECU e x ly sau cung a en ong ho ch th.

- Loai co 4 cc t se cho ra 4 chu ky song sin. Sau khi qua khoi bo cam bien toc o la 4 xung c chuyen qua bo Combination Meter trc khi en ECU (en ECU van la 4 xung). Sau o tn hieu se c gi en ECU cua may e x ly sau cung c a en ong ho ch th.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep b- Mach quang ien t (The photoelectric circuit): Mach quang ien t bao gom: 1 en LED, 1 te bao quang ien va mot he thong ien noi tiep ieu khien. en LED phat ra tia hong ngoai ma mat thng khong nhn thay c. Neu chum tia sang nay chieu en c te bao quang ien th no trang thai m. Toan bo cam bien nay c gan sau ong ho toc o nh hnh ve:

- Hoat ong: Khi truc quay nh cap dan ong t hop so th mot a tren co uc lo se quay theo. Khi chum tia sang xuyen qua lo tren a en te bao quang ien (photocell) th lam no dan, a tiep tuc quay en v tr ma chum tia sang khong en c te bao quang ien lam no ngng dan. Ket qua la ta co mot chuoi xung xac nh ng vi moi vong quay cua a. Mot vi x ly se em so xung ien ao cho bi s thay oi ien ap ri tren ien tr. Da vao so xung em c trong mot khoang thi gian se cho ta biet van toc xac nh cua xe.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep II-NGUYEN LY TNH CC CANH BAO TOC O XE OTO: 1- Nguyen ly tnh cc xe Taxi: Tren thc te bo tnh cc xe Taxi ang lu hanh hien nay la c nhap ngoai hoan toan va nhn chung no ap ng c cac yeu cau ve kinh te ky thuat, am bao tnh chnh xac quang ng va so tien hanh khach tra cho oan ng di chuyen. * Viec tnh cc c thc hien nh sau: - Tn hieu phuc vu cho viec tnh cc la tn hieu toc o lay t ong ho cong-t-met cua xe. - Mot bo x ly tn hieu se em so xung qui oi ra tai banh xe e tnh ra quang ng. So xung tai banh xe = k (so xung tai hop so) - T quang ng a co thc hien phep nhan vi so tien qui nh cho 1 km au va cac km tiep theo se cho ta tong so tien/cuoc chay. - Khao sat mo hnh bo tnh cc thc te c trang b cho 1 loai xe Taxi ang lu hanh.

* Cong dung va trang thai cac nut khi s dung: - Hired : Bam khi co khach. - Vacant : Bam khi khong co khach. - Stop : Bam e ket thuc viec tnh tien. - Extra : Bam e xoa so tien.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep - MR : Khi bam se lan lt cho chon cac chng trnh. . Bao tong so tien. . Bao so km chay co khach. . Bao so km chay khong co khach. * Khung gia cc ph Taxi hien nay c qui nh nh sau: - 1 Km au : 5000 VN. - 200m tiep theo : 1000 VN - Sau 28 Km : 2800 VN/km (So lieu thang 7/1999 cua cong ty Mai Linh Taxi) 2- Canh bao toc o xe oto: Van e an toan giao thong, bao am tnh mang cho ngi va xe la van e can c chu trong va at len hang au. Thiet b canh bao toc o a c cac hang oto lap at va lu hanh rong rai cac nc nhng nc ta lai t c quan tam s dung mac du no gop phan quan trong trong viec canh bao cho ngi ieu khien phng tien biet ang di chuyen toc o cao ma co hng kiem soat lai toc o nham am bao an toan giao thong. * Viec canh bao c thc hien nh sau: Tn hieu toc o c a ve bo so sanh so sanh vi toc o cai at. Khi en toc o cai at th tn hieu c a en m tn hieu dao ong tan so quy nh roi xuat ra bo khuech ai tn hieu va loa canh bao. Khoi Bo so khuech sanh Khoi tao ai va Tn hieu dao loa cai ong canh at bao Hnh A. 8: S o khoi mach canh bao Theo o, gia s ta qui nh cai at cac cap canh bao nh sau: V 80km/h 500Hz (tan so canh bao) V 100km/h 2KHz

Luan Van Tot Nghiep V 120km/h 5KHz

Tren c s da tren kha nang kien thc a thu thap nha trng, ngi thc hien a tien hanh thiet ke mot mach vi x ly s dung CPU la Z80. ay lamot KIT vi x ly a nang co kha nang giai quyet tot cac yeu cau ky thuat cua e tai la x ly tn hieu toc o, thc hien cac phep tnh phc tap, lu tr d lieu, xuat ket qua ra man hnh, ong thi x ly tot viec cai at va canh bao toc o.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep B THIET KE MACH PHAN CNG IGIITHIEU S O KHOI May tnh ca nhan hay he thong vi x ly eu co chung mot cau truc c ban, ay la cau truc toi thieu, co ong cac linh kien e he thong co the lam viec c. S o khoi he thong c trnh bay (Hnh B. 1) 1- Khoi x ly trung tam (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU) ay la khoi quan trong nhat cua he thong. CPU gi nhiem vu tiep nhan va x ly nhng thong tin nhan t ben ngoai. ay la cac cong logic c ban tao ra cho n v x ly trung tam kha nang tiep nhan va phan tch cac yeu to tac ong, t o co ap ng thch hp. ieu nay c the hien qua khai niem tap lenh cua linh kien vi x ly. Chang han tap lenh cua Z-80, tap lenh nay cho ta thay c kha nang hoat ong co mc o cua n v x ly trung tam. Khac phuc han che o, cac nha san xuat a co gang thiet ke tap lenh sao cho khi ket hp chung lai vi nhau, n v x ly trung tam co kha nang them nhieu tnh huong khac ma tng lenh rieng biet khong the giai quyet c. ay chnh la c s cua chng trnh he thong. 2- Khoi bo nh (MEMORY) ay la ni lu tr chng trnh cung nh cac so lieu thu nhan va cac ket qua tnh toan sau mot qua trnh lam viec nao o. Khoi nay khong the thieu c trong mot he thong vi x ly v no la ni lu tr nhng thong tin ma ngi lap trnh tao ra trong he thong. Trong bo nh, moi te bao nh (cell) c gan cho mot a ch e tien cho viec truy xuat. Khi co yeu cau lam viec vi bo nh. CPU se gi ra mot gia tr thch hp tren tuyen a ch. ong thi truyen tren tuyen ieu khien mot tn hieu oc hay ghi e bao cho bo nh biet CPU ang can lay hay lu tr d lieu.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep 3- Khoi giao tiep ngoai vi: ay la phan ket noi gia CPU va ben ngoai. Do yeu to khach quan la CPU ch co mot tuyen d lieu, trong khi nhu cau giao tiep vi ben ngoai rat nhieu. V vay phan giao tiep la n v chu trach nhiem thiet lap moi quan he t ben ngoai vi he thong tai thi iem co yeu cau.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Luan Van Tot Nghiep e am nhan vai tro nay, thiet b ngoai vi cung c gan cho mot a ch e tien cho viec truy xuat va d nhien kem theo nhng tn hieu ieu khien thch hp t CPU va tuyen d lieu e trao oi thong tin. 4- Khoi hien th va ban phm: ay la khoi phuc vu ac lc cua he thong vi x ly. Ban phm la ni lap trnh nhap cac so lieu cung nh chng trnh vao trong bo nh. Bo hien th giup ngi lap trnh kiem soat viec nhap so lieu cung nh xem xet ket qua trong qua trnh lam viec. Trong mot so trng hp oi khi chung khong thc s can thiet nhng nhn chung bo hien th va ban phm c cong nhan la hai thiet b ngoai vi luon i kem vi mot he thong vi x ly. Mat khac v ay la nhng thiet b ngoai vi nen bo hien th khong lam vec trc tiep vi CPU ma phai thong qua giao tiep ngoai vi. Viec nh v chung da tren bo phan cua khoi giao tiep ma moi thiet b trc tiep lam viec. IITHIET KE BO X LY TRUNG TAM: Trong he thong vi x ly, CPU la bo phan quan trong nhat. ay la ni tiep nhan va x ly thong tin lien quan en hoat ong cua ca mach. Cho nen viec chon bo phan x ly trung tam thch hp la yeu cau quan trong au tien trong thiet ke, no quyet nh phan ln kha nang hoat ong cho toan he thong. 1- Phan tch yeu cau he thong chon linh kien: e chon mot linh kien thch hp, chung ta can c vao mot so yeu cau: aCo tnh c ban, ac trng cho mot he thong vi x ly. bThe hien c kha nang u viet so vi he thong mach so. cap ng tot va lam viec de dang vi cac linh kien trong he thong. dDe s dung, cung nh thiet ke cac ng dung.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep efgCo ay u tai lieu tra cu. Khong yeu cau cao trong thiet ke. Chap nhan c ve gia thanh.

Thc te hien nay, lnh vc vi x ly a phat trien rat cao, t mot he thong 16 bit a nang len 32 bit tham ch en 64 bit, kha nang quan ly bo nh t 640 Kbyte hien vt en gii han Gbyte. Cung nh toc o x ly tien manh khong ngng a len en hang tram Mhz. Va nh the viec chon bo x ly va ap ng c yeu cau at ra, va minh hoa c toc o phat trien cua lnh vc vi x ly hien tai la mot ieu khong de. Chung ta se chon mot he vi x ly n gian nhat, phu hp: he vi x ly 8 bit, tuy khong manh so vi thc te hien nay nhng thiet ngh cung co the thoa man yeu cau tm hieu ve lnh vc nay. CPU 8 bit c chia thanh hai he: he 80 va he 68. He 80 co so hieu 8080 va 8085 cua hang Intel va Z-80 cua hang Zilog. He 68 co so hieu 6800, 6802, 6809. . . cua hang Motorola. Can c vao cau truc linh kien, khi dung cac vi x ly nh 8085, 8080 . . . mach thiet ke tr nen phc tap, v oi hoi phai co mach chot (oi vi 8085, bo em hai chieu, nhieu cap ien ap (8080). Nh vay van e la chon con lai la Z-80 hay CPU he 68. Phan tch ve mat phan cng he 68 to ra u iem hn Z-80. - He 68 co mach tao xung clock ngay ben trong IC, ch can mac them mot thach anh ben ngoai la u. - c trang b 128 byte RAM ben trong. Tuy nhien, can c vao cac yeu cau at ra cua e tai, vi mach thong dung, gia thanh ha de tm tren th trng nen chung em quyet nh chon CPU Z-80 co ac iem thanh ghi nh sau: - 06 thanh ghi a nang B, C, D, E, H, L. - 06 thanh ghi d tr B, C, D, E, H, L. - Bo tch luy 8 bit. - Hai thanh ghi ch so IX va IY - Hai thanh ghi chc nang I va R

Luan Van Tot Nghiep - Bo em chng trnh PC. - Con tro SP. 2- Thiet ke mach x ly trung tam: a- Thiet ke mach dao ong clock: Xung clock ong vai tro rat quan trong trong he thong vi x ly co nhiem vu ong bo hoat ong cua cac linh kien khac nhau trong mach. Khi thet ke mach tao xung clock can phai thoa ieu kien: - am bao o on nh cua tan so lam viec. - Thch ng vi moi linh kien trong he thong. - Tan so cua mach dao ong clock khong c vt qua tr so a qui nh, e am bao cho CPU hoat ong ung. Tren thc te co nhieu cach tao mach dao ong clock: rap bang transistor ri, rap bang cong logic, mach dao ong thach anh. Tuy nhien, dung mach dao ong thach anh la giai phap co tnh thuyet phuc nhat, v thach anh la linh kien co tnh on nh cao, cho gia tr chnh xac, sai so nho. Nh chung ta a biet, ieu kien ly tng tan so lam viec cua CPU phai hoan toan tng thch vi toc o truy xuat d lieu cua bo nh. oi vi CPU Z-80 can tan so xung clock 2 MHz, mach dao ong thach anh c lap theo s o:

Tuy nhien, hien nay tren th trng rat hiem thach anh 2MHz, do o ngi thc hien dung thach anh 32 MHz a vao IC 74163 e chia tan so (chia 16), tn hieu lay tren chan QD co tan so ra la 2 MHz.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep b- Thiet ke mach tao tn hieu Reset: Chan mang tn hieu RESET chu tac ong tng ng vi trang thai L, co ngha la khi tn hieu 0 xuat hien tren chan reset se lam cho cac bo phan sau tr lai gia tr ban au 0 flip-flop cho phep ngat, PC thanh ghi a ch lenh (Program counter), thanh ghi vect ngat (interrupt vector) va thanh ghi phuc hoi bo nh (memory register). CPU se tr ve trang thai ban au (initial state). Trong thi gian reset, tuyen a ch va tuyen d lieu tr nen trang thai tong tr cao va tat ca cac tn hieu ieu khien khac cung nam trong trang thai khong hoat ong. Mach ien sau ay ap ng c yeu cau neu ra:

Hnh B.3 : S o mach tao tn hieu reset Thi gian reset may c cac nha san xuat CPU khuyen khong nho hn xung clock cua he thong (bang 0.5 theo thiet ke). Da vao thi hang cua mach RC e tnh toan va gia tr cua R, C c chon la : R = 4.7k, C = 220F. thi gian Reset se la T = 1.4s. tuy nhien vi dang xung la ac tnh nap ien cua tu, do o mc logic 0 se khong bao am. e khac phuc nhc iem nay ngi thc hien dung IC7414.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Mach cc thc hien nh sau:

Hnh B.4: S o mach tao tn hieu Reset cho CPU va 8255 Chc nang tao ra mot xung tac ong vao chan Reset cua CPU (Reset mc cao) va 8255 (Reset mc thap) khi mi cap ien cho he thong hay e khi ong lai khi b treo. Do chng trnh quan ly va ieu khien he thong luon la chng trnh c thi hanh au tien tai a ch 0000h, nen thao tac Reset se xoa thanh ghi c at lai thanh ghi PC = 0000h, xoa thanh ghi Control word cua 8255. III-THIET KE BO NH: Bo nh la khoi quan trong th hai sau khoi x ly trung tam. Cac chng trnh ieu khien, cac d lieu thu thap t ben ngoai cung nh nhng phat sinh t ben trong chng trnh eu c lu gi trong bo nh. Co the noi bo nh la ni CPU thng xuyen trao oi thong tin nhat. Chnh v vay t khi may tnh ra i en cung vi s cai tien khong ngng mach vi x ly, bo nh ngay cang c toi u hoa khong ch ve mat dung lng, kch thc ma con ve ca thi gian truy xuat d lieu na. 1- Phan tch yeu cau he thong chon linh kien: Hau het cac bo nh ang s dung la bo nh ban dan v co s tng thch ve kch thc vat ly, toc o hoat ong, nang lng tieu thu va mc logic. Nhng bo nh nay c s dung nh nhng vi

Luan Van Tot Nghiep mach rieng biet hoac ghep chung tren cung mot chip vi bo vi x ly. Dung lng bo nh c xac nh bang so lng bit hay so lng t cc ai ma bo nh co the cha c. Gia s bo nh co n bit a ch va moi t co o dai la m, nh vay bo nh co 2n.m bit, c to chc nh 2n t va moi t la m bit. Bo nh ban dan, ban than no c chia thanh hai nhom chnh: ROM (Read Only Memory): cha san chng trnh khi tao cho may hoat ong c khi mi bat ien hay Reset may. RAM (Read Access Memory): Dung nap chng trnh do ngi viet vao may lam cho hoat ong c. ROM co nhieu dang ma ten goi cua moi loai ac trng cho cong nghe che tao va cach thc ghi d lieu tng ng. ay la the ke ra mot so loai nh: PROM (Programmable Rom): loai ROM nay ch ghi d lieu c mot lan va khong the thay oi c na. EPROM ( Erasable Programmable Rom): ay la loai ROM co the ghi xoa c nhieu lan. Linh kien nay to ra u iem la dung ien thay cho tia cc tm e xoa d lieu a ghi trc o, ieu nay rat thuan tien cho ngi s dung. ROM noi chung do tnh chat lu tr d lieu bang cach thay oi cau truc vat ly nen d lieu c ton tai ma khong can co nguon ien e duy tr. Khac vi ROM noi dung cha trong RAM linh ong hn, no co the thay oi c va noi dung cua no b mat khi nguon ien nuoi b mat. RAM c chia lam 2 loai: - SRAM (Static RAM): RAM tnh, n v c s la mach Flip-flop, viec ton tr d lieu da vao nguyen tac hoat ong cua Flip-flop D. D lieu ghi vao ton tai mot trong hai trang thai logic cua mach so va c gi nguyen trong qua trnh lam viec. - DRAM (Dynamic RAM): RAM ong, lu tr mot bit thong tin di hnh thc ien tch tr trong ien dung moi noi ban dan transistor. n v c s cua

Luan Van Tot Nghiep DRAM la ien dung bam sinh gia cc chan va cc nen cua mot transistor MOS. Do o mat o cua DRAM cao hn SRAM. Di tac dung cua dong r ien the tu b giam dan. V the phai lien tuc lam ti (Refresh) DRAM. Quy trnh lam ti bao gom viec di thong tin khoi ngan nh roi viet tr lai. Do co cau tao nh vay nen DRAM thng co dung lng bo nh cao. Chon bo nh ban dan phai thoa man c cac yeu to: nho, gon, khong chiem nhieu dien tch, cong suat tieu tan thap va gan c trc tiep tren bo mach chnh cung vi cac linh kien khac. T nhng nhan nh tren, chung ta xem xet la chon nhng loai nao thch hp nhat trong e tai, sau ay la mot vai nhan xet: - oi vi viec la chon ROM: + S dung PROM co le khong thch hp v d lieu ch co the nap c mot lan, ieu nay khong tien cho cong tac nghien cu cua sinh vien do moi lan th nghiem lai phai thay the mot PROM mi. Hn na hien nay xu the cua cac nha san xuat ch cung cap loai bo nh theo n at hang cua cac cong ty, x nghiep san xuat, tai o cac chng trnh ieu khien t ong a c cac nha chuyen mon kiem tra hoan chnh trc khi nap vao bo nh. + S dung EPROM, vi ac iem co the ghi xoa c nhieu lan ap ng c cong viec nghien cu th nghiem chng trnh ieu khien. Ben canh o no de tm thay tren th trng, gia ca lai phu hp vi sinh vien. - oi vi viec la chon RAM: + DRAM: d lieu c lu tr di dang ien tch trong ien dung ky sinh nen rat de that thoat bi hien tng ro r. Chnh v the oi vi DRAM e bao toan d lieu trong cau truc, ngoai cac mach giai ma o nh thong thng chung con co them mach lam ti (refresh) nham duy tr ien tch trong cac ien dung ky sinh. ieu nay dan en can phai co cac tn hieu ieu khien t ben ngoai phuc vu cho

Luan Van Tot Nghiep tac vu nay. ay chnh la han che khi s dung DRAM. + SRAM lu tr d lieu theo nguyen tac hoat ong cua Flip-flop D, s on nh theo thi gian kha ben vng khong can co cac mach ho tr them ben ngoai nen thiet ke rat n gian. Mat du dung lng nho, nhng van co the ap ng c yeu cau nghien cu cua sinh vien. T nhng ly do neu tren cung vi yeu cau khong ln lam cua e tai, ngi thc hien quyet nh chon EPROM va SRAM lam bo nh cho he thong. Van e cuoi cung at ra la chon dung lng bo nh. oi vi e tai nay dung lng moi loai c 2Kbyte la u. Tuy nhien v ay la mach thi cong phuc vu cho cong tac hoc tap nghien cu, chng trnh ng dung co the thay oi ln nho va lai s dung nhng linh kien co san nen ngithc hien dung bo nh 8Kbyte cho e tai nh sau: EPROM (2764), SRAM (6264). 2- Thiet ke mach bo nh : Theo phan phan tch tren, chung ta chon 1 EPROM 8Kbyte va 1 SRAM 8Kbyte. Van e tiep theo la ket noi chung vi he thong nh the nao. CPU Z-80 a ra 3 he thong Bus nham giao tiep va lam viec vi cac linh kien trong mach. a- Cac chan thuoc tuyen d lieu (Data Bus): V ay la he thong vi x ly 8 bit nen co 8 ng d lieu song hanh tren Bus. Chung se c a ti 8 chan d lieu cua 2 IC nh. Luc nay xem nh ROM va RAM c mac song song tren tuyen d lieu. ay khong xay ra hien tng xung ot tren Bus v tai mot thi iem CPU ch lam viec vi mot linh kien ben ngoai, nhng linh kien con lai cac ng d lieu c khong che trang thai tong tr cao (high impedance). b- Cac chan a ch (Address Bus): ay la he thong Bus th hai trong he thong vi x ly, c cau tao gom 16 tuyen song hanh e co the lam viec vi 640 Kbyte bo nh, nhng trong

Luan Van Tot Nghiep he thong cua chung ta ch co 16 Kbyte (thc chat la 8 Kbyte mac song song) nen chung ta dung 13 bit thap cua Bus d lieu e nh v cac o nh trong ROM va RAM. Nh vay 13 ng a ch thap t A0 A12 cua CPU se oc noi trc tiep vi 13 chan a ch cua ca ROM lan RAM, cac chan a ch con lai A13 A15 se e cap sau v chung co lien quan en cac tn hieu ieu khien. c- Cac chan mang tn hieu ieu khien: Ca ROM lan RAM eu co chung tac vu oc d lieu ang c lu tr trong bo nh. Tac vu nay c ieu khien bi chan (Output Enable) cho phep xuat. Khi co yeu cau oc bo nh chan nay se c tac ong va d lieu tai a ch c yeu cau se a ra Bus d lieu. Yeu cau o se c tac ong bi chan RD (read) cua CPU. Nh vay e thc hien thao tac oc bo nh, chan RD cua CPU phai noi vi chan OE cua ROM va RAM. Tng t cho tac vu viet vao bo nh (Write), chan WR se c noi vi chan WE (Write Enable) cua RAM va chan PGM cua ROM. Chan -CS (Chip Select) hay chan CE (chip Enable) c ieu khien thong qua to hp cac bit con lai cua Bus a ch va tn hieu MEMRQ cua CPU nh mach giai ma a ch. IV-THIET KE MACH GIAO TIEP NGOAI VI Vi x ly khong the giao tiep trc tiep vi ben ngoai ma phai thong qua bo giao tiep ngoai vi. Do o da vao yeu cau cua tng he thong chung ta se chon linh kien phu hp. 1- Phan tch yeu cau he thong chon linh kien: Yeu cau he thong chung ta nh phan phan tch tren can toi thieu 3 cang (Port) dung cho: bo hien th, ban phm va thiet b ngoai vi. Linh kien s dung can phai thoa mot so yeu cau: - Khong xung ot Bus trong qua trnh lam viec. - n gian trong thiet ke phan cng, linh hoat trong ieu khien phan mem. - Co ay u tai lieu tra cu. - Thong dung tren th trng.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Hien nay co hai nhom linh kien co the ap ng c yeu cau tren: + Nhom khong chuyen: chu yeu la cac IC c thiet ke cho cong tac em va chot d lieu tren cac Bus he thong. Moi IC co the quan ly 8 bit tren he thong Bus, to hp vai IC trong nhom nay co the ong vai tro nh mot cang. Co the ke ra mot vai IC nh: 74240, 74244, 74245. . . + Nhom chuyen dung: gom cac IC chuyen dung cho giao tiep vi thiet b ngoai vi. Chung co the am nhan hau het cong tac trao oi d lieu gia CPU va thiet b ngoai vi. Cac vi mach thng dung nhat la PPI 8255A (Intel), MC 6821 (Motorola). T yeu cau he thong ngi thc hien chon vi mach PPI D8255A (Programmable Peripheral Interface) cho thiet ke mach v ay la vi mach giao tiep co em d lieu, co 3 Port ta co the khi tao vao ra, c ieu khien bang phan mem (PPI) nen rat linh hoat. ong thi vi mach nay rat thong dung va co tren th trng. 2- Thiet ke mach giao tiep: Trong he thong nay ngi thc hien dung mot vi mach D8255A cho ban phm, bo hien th va thiet b ngoai vi. a ch giai ma t 00H 03H, dung chan IORQ e giai ma nen D8255A ch chu tac dung bi nhom lenh IN, OUT va 8 bit a ch thap cua CPU. V-THIET KE MACH GIAI MA A CH: 1- Phan tch yeu cau he thong chon kinh kien: Tat ca cac linh kien xung quanh CPU c noi song song vao Bus d lieu va Bus a ch, dan en van e la vi mot a ch tren Bus a ch se co nhieu linh kien cung c chon. Do o can phai co mot mach giai ma e sao cho vi mot gia tr tren Bus a ch ch co mot linh kien c chon ma thoi. Vi he thong nay s dung nhng bit cao cua Bus a ch cha dung, chan MERQ, IORQ e giai ma nh v cac vung nh va cang 8255.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Co nhieu loai IC giai ma, ay chung em chon IC 74LS138. 2- Thiet ke mach giai ma: Mach c thiet ke dung 2 IC 74LS138, s o mach nh sau: A13 A14 A15 Vcc MERQ A YO B Y1 C Y2 Y 3 CE - ROM CE - ROM A5 A6 A7 A YO B Y1 C Y2 Y 3
CS -8255

Vcc MERQ

Y Y Hnh B. 5: S o mach giai ma a 4 ch 4 - Vi IC 74LS138 th nhat dung giai ma cho lenh LD c noi vao 3 ng a ch A13, A14, A15 va chan MERQ cua CPU. Vi IC74LS138 th hai dung giai ma cho nhom lenh IN, OUT c noi vi 3 ng a ch A5, A6, A7 va chan IORQ cua CPU. VI-THIET KE BO HIEN TH VA BAN PHM Vi muc ch thiet ke he thong ng dung vi x ly trong t ong ieu khien nhat thiet phai co bo hien th va ban phm. Bo hien th giup cho ngi s dung kiem tra chng trnh ieu khien hoac co the dung lam ni thong bao cac ket qua thu nhan c t mot tn hieu ieu khien nao o. Vi ban phm la ni chung ta nhap cac chng trnh th nghiem vao RAM trc khi nap chnh thc vao ROM, ong thi goi cac chng trnh ieu khien mach. 1- Bo hien th: Bo hien th cua he thong KIT Z80 phai thoa cac tieu chuan: am bao tnh trc quan. Co kha nang hien th 16 so trong he so HEX.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Co the trnh bay cung luc a ch va noi dung a ch tng ng. Mach n gian va hieu qua. Bo hien th led 7 oan co the ap ng c cac tieu chuan tren rat pho bien tren th trng va gia thanh chap nhan c. V vay chon led 7 oan dung cho mach hien th. Bo hien th c thiet ke gom 6 led 7 oan kieu Anode chung e hien th cac ket qua ve so tien va chieu dai quang ng (Km). ay ta s dung 6 bit cua cang A (PA0 PA5) e m Anod va 7 bit cua cang B (PB0 PB6) m cac phan oan cua Led. Cac cang nay c noi vi Led hien th qua cac cong em vi mach 7414 va mach hien th c trnh bay theo nguyen tac quet. Theo o 6 en se c quet tuan t vi mot tan so nao o. do tnh chat lu anh cua mat ma ta thay dng nh cac en eu sang khi o cac thanh cung ten cua cac en c noi vi nhau, khi muon mot en sang ta phai m Anod lan Cathod cho nen khi ta m th cung ch co rieng en o sang con cac en khac th khong, khi a m en en cuoi cung ta quay lai en th nhat. Nh vay phan cng cua bo hien th rat se n gian ch can mot cong ao mac tai Anod chung va mot cong ao co ieu khien mac tai cac thanh cung ten noi chung va cong viec con lai se do phan mem am nhan. PA5 PA0

PB6

PB0

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Hnh B. 6: S o mach hien th oi vi viec oc so tien th en au tien se bieu th cho gia tr hang tram VN. oi vi viec oc so Km th en au tien se bieu th cho gia tr bat au t hang tram met. en th nhat ben phai c s dung e hien th Mode hoat ong. 2- Ban phm: Ban phm n thuan la thiet b c kh hay cu the no la mot cong tac thng h, do vay yeu cau at ra cho thiet b nay la o ben c hoc bi chung thng xuyen chu tac ong trong qua trnh s dung. Do yeu cau mach thiet ke ch s dung 4 phm chc nang nen ay ta s dung phng phap noi chung tat ca cac chan th nhat cua cong tac lai vi nhau va noi len mc logic 1 va VCC qua cac ien tr han dong ong thi a en chan PC0. Cac chan con lai se a en 4 bit cua cang B la PB0 PB3. Nguyen tac nay to ra n gian va thuan li oi vi nhng mach c thiet ke ch vai phm chc nang nh e tai, ong thi at o tin cay cao do phm nhan ch c nhan dang qua hai mc logic 0 va 1 ng vi trang thai nhan va khong nhan phm. D lieu nay se c gi en CPU e thi hanh lenh tng ng. Viec quet phm va nhan biet chc nang cua tng phm c kiem soat bang phan mem qua cang B va C cua 8255. Tnh toan cac ien tr han dong cua ban phm. R = 5v/40A = 12.5K Chon R = 10K Vay ien tr treo len mc 1 khi do phm ta chon R = 10K Cac phm chc nang c thiet ke bao gom: + Phm Start la phm thc hien chc nang bat au viec tnh cc ph cho mot cuoc chay. + Phm Stop la phm cham dt viec tnh tien.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep + Phm Vacant la phm thc hien viec tnh quang ng ma xe chay khong khach. + Phm Mode la phm dung e chon la cac thong bao: 1. Hien th tong so tien. 2. Hien th tong so Km chay co khach. 3. Hien th tong so Km chay khong khach. Vcc 10K PB0 PB1 PB2 PB3 PC0 Hnh B. 7: S o ban phm VII-THIET KE MACH TAO TN HIEU TOC O: Viec thiet ke mach tao tn hieu toc o la mot phan quan trong trong toan bo he thong. No cung cap tn hieu au vao cho bo vi x ly thc hien viec tnh cc va canh bao toc o. Do o viec thiet ke phai ap ng c van e ky thuat, tc la bao am cung cap tn hieu lien tuc va ung yeu cau. Theo thc te, nguyen ly do toc o ta a khao sat chng 1 th tn hieu toc o c tao ra bi cam bien toc o at truc th cap cua hop so. Tn hieu nay c cho qua bo vi x ly roi a en ong ho toc o, ong thi bo tnh cc xe Taxi cung s dung tn hieu nay e thc hien viec tnh cc. Do o viec thiet ke mach tao tn hieu toc o rieng cho mach canh bao va tnh cc xe taxi la khong thc te. Tuy nhien, do e tai co thi cong nhng ch dang mo phong gan thc te nen e thuan tien va de dang cho viec thi cong nham tao ra cho viec tn hieu toc o cung cap cho mach x ly. Ngi thc hien se thiet ke mot mach tao xung vuong

Luan Van Tot Nghiep (mach n on) dung vi mach nh thi tch hp 555. ay la vi mach nh thi pho bien nhat, no c dung nh mot mach nh thi, tao xung, bien ieu kho rong xung (PWM), phat hien sot xung,v.v. . . 1- Mot so ac iem cua IC 555: nh gi t vai micro giay en hang gi. Hoat ong nh cach phi on hoac n on. Chu trnh lam viec thay oi c. Kha nang dong ra ln, co the cung cap hay nhan dong 200mA. Hoat ong vi khoang ien the rong t 4.5v 16v Ngo ra tng hp TTL (khi nguon cap ien la 5v). o on nh nhiet o la 0.005% cho moi 0C. S o chan: Vi: 8 7 6 5 Chan 1: GND noi at 2: Nay (trigger) 3: Ra (out) 4: Reset 5: ien the ieu 4 6: Them

555
khien 1 (threshold) 2 3

7: Xa (discharhe) 8: Nguon Vcc Hnh B. 8: S o chan IC555 Khi thiet ke mach tao xung 555 can lu y nhng van e sau a- Nhng thong so gii han cho phep: - Tu ien: Toi thieu C 500pF (5 x 10-10F) Toi a C < = 1000F (do gii han bi s r cua tu) - ien tr: R = R1 + R2 Toi a 3.3M (cung co the ln hn tuy loai IC) Toi thieu khoang 1K

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Vi nhng gii han tren th tan so tao nen khong qua 1MHz b- Chc nang mot so chan cua IC 555 Ngo vao Reset (chan 4) co the dung e gi ngo ra cua IC555 mc thap hay ngng xung ra khi a bat au. Muon vay ch can a ngo Reset xuong mass. Neu hai ngo nay va Reset noi chung nhau mach se nay canh len thay v canh xuong. Bnh thng ta phai noi ngo Reset len nguon Vcc e tranh nhieu. +5v R1 8 7 R2 6 4 3 Ra

55 5
Cb

2 5

Hnh B. 9: S o mach tao xung IC555 con co ngo vao ien the ieu khien (controlvoltage), bnh thng ta e h ngo nay nhng e tang s on nh cua mach ta dung mot tu (.01 .1F) noi re gia ngo nay vi mass. Mach 555 tao ra xung vuong nh s nap, xa lien tuc cua tu C Theo o ta co: Thi gian tu nap T1 = 0.693(R1 + R2)C Thi gian tu xa T2 = 0.693R2C Chu ky cua dang song vuong ra: T = T1 + T2 = 0.693(R1 + 2R2)C - Tan so cua dang song vuong ra: f = 1/T = 1.44/ (R1 + 2R2)C 2- Tnh toan va la chon linh kien:

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Do yeu cau thiet ke can tao ra mot khoang tan so u rong e e ieu chnh va theo doi khi hoat ong, nen tan so thiet ke cho mach tao xung lam tn hieu toc o c thc hien trong khoang 10Hz < f <= 100Hz. - tan so 100Hz ta co: Tan so song vuong ra : f = 1/T = 1,44/(R1 + 2R2)C = 100Hz Chon C = 1F R1 = 5K (Thc te R1 = 5K + 0) Suy ra : 2R2 = (1,44/ 100.C) R1 = 9.4K. Hay R2 = 4.7K e co day tan so thay oi c t > 10Hz 100Hz th R1 c chon la mot bien tr 100K noi tiep vi motien tr 5K. Khi o ta co: R1 = R1 + R1 = 100 +5 = 105K Vi C = 1F va R2 4.7K. f = 1/T = 1,44/(R1 + 2R2)C = 1,44/ (114,4.103.10-6) = 12.5Hz. +5v 100K 5K 4.7k 4 7 3 6 8 Ra Pc1

555
1F .01

Hnh B. 10 : S o mach tao tn hieu toc o Nh vay vi nhng gia tr a tnh c se cho ta chuoi xung vuong co tan so chnh nh c t 12.5Hz 100Hz. Xung ra se c a en Pc1 cua bo vi x ly. VIII-THIET KE MACH CANH BAO:

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Mach canh bao toc o c thiet ke chung cho cac xe oto eu khong nam ngoai muc ch bao am an toan tnh mang cho ngi s dung xe. 1- S o mach: Mach canh bao s dung tn hieu toc o a x ly e a ve bo so sanh, so sanh vi toc o cai at roi a tn hieu o en loa canh bao. * Hoat ong: Tn hieu toc o c a en bo so sanh gom ba vi mach 7485 a c cai at san cap so sanh. Khi tn hieu at en toc o 80km/h th mot tn hieu ien ap c xuat ra ngo ra cua vi mach 7485, nh cac cong logic ma mot tan so c la chon la 500Hz se xuat ra loa lam cho loa phat ra mot tan so am thanh la 500Hz. Tng t cho cac trng hp toc o at 100km/h va 120km/h th tan so canh bao tng ng xuat ra loa se la 2KHz va 5KHz. Trong qua trnh hoat ong mach se b Reset tan so 10Hz phat ra bi IC 5551.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep 2-Tnh toan va la chon linh kien: - Cac tan so canh bao c tao bi cac mach nh gi 555. Cac mach nh gi 555 nay se lan lt tao ra cac tn hieu dao ong tan so: 10Hz, 500Hz, 2Hz, 5Hz. T tan so xac nh trc, da vao cong thc sau F = 1/T = 1.44/(R1 + 2R2)C Ta lan lt xac nh c cac gia tr R va C cho hnh ve B. 11 Vi: 5551: Tao ra tan so 10Hz e reset 3 mach dao dong canh bao. 5552: Tao ra tan so canh bao 5KHz khi toc o 120Km/h 5553: Tao ra tan so canh bao 2KHz khi toc o 100Km/h 5554: T5o ra tan so canh bao 500Hz khi toc o 80Km/h - Cac cong logic And, Nor, Not e tao nen mach chon tn hieu xuat ra loa canh bao. - Bo so sanh dung vi mach 7485. Viec thiet ke mach canh bao tren tuy n gian, linh kien de kiem tren th trng. Nhng e gon nhe trong qua trnh thi cong va e tan dung het kha nang cua KIT.Z80 ta ch s dung mot loa canh bao gan trc tiep len ngo ra cua KIT con tn hieu ra ieu khien loa se c thiet ke bi phan mem. Theo o tan so c ngi thc hien la chon cai at la ba cap dao ong: 200Hz. 400Hz, 600Hz. ay la day tan so ma tai ngi co the phan biet ro rang. Tom lai: Ngi thc hien va trnh bay cong viec thiet ke toan bo he thong, vi bo vi x ly trung tam la CPU Z80. Bo vi x ly nay se giai quyet nhng chng trnh c nap trong EPROM. T o chi phoi toan bo hoat ong cua he thong, thc hien qua trnh x ly tn hieu toc o vao t mach tao xung roi xuat ra bo hien th so tien va so quang ng a thc hien ong thi x ly luon ca qua trnh canh bao toc o. Chng trnh c

Luan Van Tot Nghiep nap trong EPROM giup cho mach thi cong n gian va at c s mem deo. Khi co yeu cau cai at lai so tien va cap canh bao khac ta ch viec thay oi tren phan mem trc khi nap vao EPROM. Vi yeu cau cua e tai th viec thiet ke he thong KITZ80 a to ra u iem hn he thong mach so nh co kha nang tnh toan cac gia tr khong tuyen tnh ong thi lu lai c ket qua ve so tien va quang ng ma he thong a x ly c. ieu nay giup cho c quan chu quan de quan ly hoat ong cua ngi s dung phng tien.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep C- THIET KE PHAN MEM Mot he thong vi x ly sau khi c thiet ke phan cng muon lam viec c th phai co phan mem ieu khien. Chng trnh phan mem cang chat che, linh hoat th he thong hoat ong cang chnh xac. Lap trnh la thc hien mot chng trnh vi mot ngon ng nao o e ieu khien cach x ly d lieu theo tng yeu cau cu the cua van e. Do o, ben canh s hieu biet ve c che hoat ong cua may tnh, ngi lap trnh can phai nam vng cach to chc d lieu va cach x ly con goi la giai thuat. Hien nay co 2 phng phap lap trnh thong dung la phng phap lap trnh tuan t va phng phap lap trnh cau truc. - Phng phap lap trnh tuan t : Phng phap nay CPU se oc tuan t cac ch th chng trnh t a ch thap en a ch cao va thc hien chung cho en a ch cuoi cung. u iem cua phng phap nay la ngi oc rat de theo doi chng trnh va nam c y o cua ngi thc hien. Tuy nhien lai co nhc iem la kch thc chng trnh ln. - Phng phap lap trnh co cau truc: Theo phng phap nay nhng oan thng xuyen lap lai trong chng trnh ngi ta em chung ra khoi chng trnh va at chung nh mot chng trnh con. khi thi hanh en oan chng trnh nay CPU se nhay en a ch xac nh cua chng trnh o e thc hien tac vu. e qua trnh lam viec khong b gian oan ta dung lenh quay ve (RET) khi o CPU se quay ve chng trnh chnh. Phng phap nay to ra hieu qua trong viec giam kch thc chng trnh va thuan tien cho ngi viet va no c ngi thc hien s dung trong tap o an. ILU O KHOI CHNG TRNH : Lu o khoi la mot bc khai quat hoa qua trnh thc hien cua mot chng trnh. No lc i nhng chi tiet e lam noi bat noi dung chnh cua

Luan Van Tot Nghiep chng trnh. Qua o no the hien y o cua ngi thiet ke. Chng trnh c ngi thc hien xay dng bang tap lenh cua CPU Z80. Ket hp vi nhng so lieu ban au c la chon cai at la: - So tien cho km au la 5.000VN - 200m tiep theo la 1000 VN. - Sau 28 km : 2800VN/km. - Tan so canh bao Khi so xung >80 xung/s: Tan so canh bao c thc hien 600Hz. Khi so xung >60 xung/s : Tan so canh bao c thc hien 400Hz. Khi so xung <60 xung/s: Tan so canh bao c thc hien 200Hz. LU O KHOI LNG TRNH CHNH SATRT

KIEM TRA HE THONG

AT BIEN C CHNG TRNH O

CO BAO ONG ? GOI CHNG TRNH BAO ONG

S CHNG TRNH TNH S VA T

Luan Van Tot Nghiep LU O KHOI CHNG TRNH O

START

I=1? S

Goi chng trnh quet phm

S t=1s em gi S

I=0? S

Goi chng trnh quet phm

t=1s em gi

em = em + 1

S I = 1S ?

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep LU O KHOI CHNG TRNH QUET PHM START

Gi d lieu 00 -> port B

S PCO = O ? Goi chng trnh Delay 2

Goi chng trnh Delay 1

Gi d lieu oo -> Port B S PCO = O ? Xac nh phm

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

CHNG TRNH DELAY 1.2 START

Gi tn hieu bao MODE

Cho sang so n v

Cho sang so hang chuc

Cho sang so hang tram

Cho sang so hang ngan

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

CHNG TRNH XAC NH PHM

START

B = F7H

B -> A

A -> Port B

A <- Port C

AND 01

S A = 01 ? CY = 0

RET

RRC B

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

A =F7H ? S A =FBH ? ? S A =FDH ? S A<- (MODE)

at c tnh tien =0 at c tnh tien =1 Lu tien

A = 02 ? A=0

A=A+1

A -> (MODE)

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

CHNG TRNH TNH TOAN S VA T

START

Quang ng - 1000 Div 200 -> A

S A#O?

Tien = tien + 1000 * A

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep *-CHNG TRNH BAO ONG START em > 80? S em >60? ? S A <- BOH A <- DOH A <- EOH

A -> PortC

RET

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

I-

CHNG TRNH z80 Org 0000h LD SP. 3FFFH LD A,81H OUT (03H), A LD A,00H LD (TIME),A LD(VMOD),A LD (TT),A LD (CK),A LD HL, 0000H LD (MON), HL LD (S), HL LD (ST), HL LD (SS), HL LD A, (TAB+8) OUT (PORTB), A LD A, OFEH OUT (PORTA),A CALL DL2S RRC A CP OBFH JP Z, LAB1 CALL DO CALL ALM CALL CAL JP LAB2 LD HL, 6000H DEC HL LD A,H CP 00H JP NZ, DL2S1 LD A,L CP 00H JP NZ, DL2S1 RET IN A, (PORTC) AND 02H CP 02H

LAB1:

LAB 2:

DL2S : DL2S1:

DO :

Luan Van Tot Nghiep JP NZ, LADOI CALL SCKEY LD A, (TIME) INC A LD (TIME),A CP OC8H RET Z JP DO LADOI1: IN A , (PORTC) AND 02H CP 00H JP NZ, LADOI2 CALL SCKEY LD A, (TIME) INC A LD (TIME),A CP OC8H RET Z JP LADOI LADOI 2: LD A, (CK) INC A LD (CK), A JP DO SCKEY : LD A,OOH OUT (PORTA),A IN A, (PORTC) AND 01H CP 01H JP NZ, SCK1 CALL DELEY1 RET SCK1: CALL DELAY2 LD A,OOH OUT (PORTA), A IN A, (PORTC) AND 01H CP 01H RET Z CALL XDP RET DELAY 1: LD A,(VMOD) CP OOH

Luan Van Tot Nghiep JP Z,DSP1 CP 01H JP Z, DSP2 CP 02H JP Z, DSP3 JP NZ, DSP4 DL10: LD B,O8H DL11: LD A, (HL) OUT (PORTB), A LD A,B OUT (PORTA),A CALL DL1ms INC HL RRC B JP C, DL11 LD A, (VMOD) OUT (PORTB), A LD A,20H OUT (PORTA), A CALL DL1ms RET DSP 1: LD HL, BUF 1 JP DL10 DSP2 : LD HL BUF2 JP DL10 DSP3 : LD HL, BUF 3 JP DL10 DSP4: LD HL, BUF4 JP DL10 DL1ms: LD A,63H MS1 : CP OOH RET Z NOP DEC A JP MS1 DELAY2: CALL DELAY 1 CALL DELAY 1 CALL DELAY 1 CALL DELAY 1 RET XDP : LD B, OF7H XDP2: LD A,B

Luan Van Tot Nghiep OUT (PORTB), A IN A, (PORTC) AND 01H CP 01H JP Z,XDP1 RRC B RET NC JP C, XDP2 LD A,B CP OF7H CALL Z,RSTT CP OFBH CALL Z, SETTT CP OFDH CALL Z,LUU LD A, (VMOD) CP 03H JP Z, XDP3 INC A LD (VMOD), A RET LD A,OOH LD (TT), A RET LD A,01H LD (TT), A LD BC , (MON) LD HL, (ST) ADD HL, BC LD (ST), HL LD BC, (S) LD HL, (SS) ADD HL, BC LD (SS), HL RET LD A,00H LD (VMOD), A RET LD HL, (S) LD A, (CK) CALL HLADDA LD (S), HL

XDP1:

RSTT SETTT: LUU :

XDP3: CAL:

Luan Van Tot Nghiep LD BC, 03E8H SBC HL, BC CALL D200 LD A, (SM) CP OOH RET Z CALL A1000 LD B,H LD C,L LD HL, (MON) ADD HL,BC LD (MON), HL RET LD A, (VMOD) CP OOH JP Z, DECO1 CP 01H JP Z,DECO2 CP 02 JP Z,DECO3 LD HL, (SSKT) LD BC, BUF4 CALL DI10 LD (BC),A CALL DI10 INC BC LD (BC), A CALL DI10 INC BC LD (BC), A INC BC LD (BC),A RET LD HL, (MON) LD BC, BUF1 JP DECOO LD HL, (ST) LD BC, BUF2 JP DECOO LD HL, (SS) LD BC, BUF3 JP DECOO

DECO :

DECOO:

DECO1: DECO2: DECO 3

Luan Van Tot Nghiep DI10: PUSH BC LD BC, OOOOH D12 LD A,H CP OOH JP Z, DII INC BC LD A, 0AH CALL HLSUBA JP D12 HLSUBA : LD D, OOH LD E, 0AH SBC HL, DE RET DI1: LD A,L D14: LD L, OAH CP L JP C, D13 INC BC SUB L JP D14 D13 LD HL, TAB CALL HLADDA LD A, (HL) LD H,B LD L,C POP BC RET ALM : LD A, (CK) CP 80 H JP Z, ALM1 CP 60H JP Z, ALM2 LD A, OBOH ALM3: OUT (PORTC), A RET ALM1: LD A, OEOH JP ALM3 ALM2: LD A, ODOH JP ALM3 HLADDA: LD B, OOH LD C,A ADD HL, BC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep RET A1000: LD HL, 0000H LD B, 03H LD C, OE8H A1L1: CP OOH RET Z ADC HL, BC DEC A JP A1L1 D200 : LD D, OOH LD BC, OOC8H D22: LD A,H CP OOH JP Z, D21 D23: SBC HL, BC INC D LD A,D LD (SM), A JP D22 D21: LD A,L CP OC8H RET C JP D23 TAB: DEFB 3FH ; BANG TRA MA LED DEFB 06H DEFB 5BH DEFB 4FH DEFB 66H DEFB 6DH DEFB 7DH DEFB 07H DEFB 7FH DEFB 6FH ;; PORTA EQU OOH PORTB EQU O1H PORTC EQU O2H TIME EQU 2100H CK EQU 2101H TT EQU 2022H VMOD EQU 2103H SM EQU 2104H

Luan Van Tot Nghiep BUF 1 BUF 2 BUF 3 BUF 4 S MON ST SS SSKT END. EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU EQU 2000H 2010H 2020H 2030H 2105H 2107H 2109H 210BH 210EH

Luan Van Tot Nghiep D- THI CONG HE THONG Bo tnh cc xe Taxi co chc nang thong bao cho ngi ieu khien xe va hanh khach biet ket qua so tien cung chieu dai quang ng di chuyen nen mach phai am bao tnh chnh xac va lien tuc. Hn na phan hien th phai ro rang de quan sat de kiem tra. Sau khi a tnh toan thiet ke tren c s ly thuyet phan chng II, e kiem chng lai o tin cay va hoan chnh cua ban thiet ke, ngi thc hien tien hanh thi cong he thong. I-THI CONG HE THONG : Trong thc te thi cong he thong e tao ieu kien de dang cho viec ve mach va lap rap linh kien, ngi thc hien a co gang thu nho kch thc toan bo mach trong pham vi cho phep ong thi da tren ieu kien thi gian va kha nang kinh ph co han ma chia chung ra thanh 3 bo phan chnh va thi cong nhng phan chnh yeu theo yeu cau a e ra. Bo mach chnh la mach KIT Z-80 Bo mach thiet ke b ngoai vi bao gom en hien th va ban phm. Bo mach thiet b ngoai vi bao gom en hien th va ban phm. II-KIEM TRA VA ANH GIA HE THONG: Sau khi a hoan tat cac cong oan lap rap, tien hanh kiem tra hoat ong cua mach. Cap ien cho mach, m cong tac POWER. Nhan phm START e cho mach bat au viec tnh tien Nhan phm STOP e th cham dt viec em so km chay khong khach. Th chon cac MODE. ieu chnh num Tn hieu toc o e thay oi van toc theo doi s thay oi nhp keu cua loa canh bao. * anh gia ket qua:

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Viec anh gia bao gom anh gia ve hnh thc va kha nang hoat ong cua mach.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep I-KET LUAN: Qua 6 tuan lam viec that s nghiem tuc ngi thc hien a hoan thanh tap o an ung thi han va ung yeu cau e ra. e tai a e cap en mot van e mang tnh mi me va thc tien khong nng oi vi xa hoi ma con oi vi ngi thc hien. Bang s no lc tham khao nhieu tai lieu khac nhau trong va ngoai nc ngi thc hien a trnh bay mot cach co he thong cac van e lien quan en viec canh bao toc o va tnh cc xe Taxi. Xet ve mat ly thuyet tap o an a trnh bay tng oi ay u, nhng do thi gian va kien thc co han cung nh yeu cau nghien cu cua o an e ra ma ngi thc hien khong the trnh bay ay u viec thiet ke thi cong hoan chnh bo canh bao va tnh cc xe Taxi co the ng dung trong thc te. ay cung chnh la mat han che chu yeu cua tap o an. Theo o tap o an a e cap en cac noi dung sau : - Gii thieu nguyen ly o toc o, nguyen ly canh bao toc o va nguyen ly tnh cc xe Taxi. - Thiet ke mach phan cng. - Thiet ke phan mem - Thi cong he thong. - Sau khi hoan thanh tap o an ngi thc hien a he thong hoa c nhng kien thc a hoc, hnh thanh va phat trien kha nang nhan thc va giai quyet van e, ong thi cam thay t tin hn i tiep vao con ng hoc tap va nghien cu khoa hoc. IE NGH: Thong qua qua trnh thc hien e tai nghien cu co mot so e ngh sau: Do so trang co han nen cac van e c trnh bay trong tap o an rat co ong do o ngi nghien cu muon hieu ro them chi tiet cac van e can tham khao them phan phu luc va cac tai lieu co lien quan c ghi sau tap o an. V thi gian co han nen ngi thc hien ch giai quyet c mot so yeu cau c ban ve ky

Luan Van Tot Nghiep thuat a c e ra. Nh vay e he thong thiet ke c tr nen hoan chnh va mang tnh thc tien cao th can phai thc hien them mot so phan sau. - Thiet ke toan bo nguon d phong e cap cho mach ac biet la giup RAM lu gi d lieu khi gap s co mat ien nguon. ieu nay giup cho c quan quan ly, quan ly c hoat ong cua nhan vien. - Thiet ke va thi cong mot mach tao tn hieu toc o hoan chnh hn nham giup thuan tien cho viec hoc tap va nghien cu. - Hn na e e tai co the ng dung trong thc te can phai co s ket hp nghien cu vi nhom chuyen nganh c kh ong lc nham thuan tien cho viec thiet ke thi cong va tang tnh kha thi cua e tai. Cuoi cung em xin chan thanh cam n thay Le Thanh ao a trc tiep hng dan cung toan the cac thay co giao trong khoa va cac ban ong nghiep a giup em trong qua trnh thc hien e tai. Ngi thc hien rat mong nhan c s gop y nhiet thanh t pha cac thay co giao va cac ban Ngi Thc Hien Nguyen c Li

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

PHU LUC

Luan Van Tot Nghiep IKHAO SAT CPU Z80 Z80 CPU la n v x ly trung tam thc hien moi quyet nh va phan bo thi gian ieu khien toan he thong. Nhng ac iem chnh yeu cua CPU Z80. - 8 bt tac ong song song - 158 loai lenh can ban - Co 52 thanh ghi ben trong - Co tnh nang ngat (interrupt). - Co the noi trc tiep vi RAM ong ma hau nh khong can mach phu tr ben ngoai. - Toc o cua lenh fetch la 1.6s - Ch can dung mot nguon ien +5v duy nhat. - Tat ca cac chan xuat tn hieu ra va nhap tn hieu vao eu thuoc loai TTL. 1- Mo ta tong quat : Ngi ta phan Z80 CPU lam 3 khoi chnh: - Khoi thanh ghi : La nhng o nh nam ben trong CPU va c gii thieu trong lenh bang nhng ky hieu cu the. D lieu t bo nh c chuyen vao lu tr tam thi, trong qua trnh tnh toan va x ly. - Khoi ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit): Khoi nay thc hien cac phep toan luan ly va so hoc. - Khoi giai ma lenh va ieu khien : Co nhiem vu phan tch ma lenh va hnh thanh cac thao tac tiep theo tng ng vi lenh o. 2- Phan tch khoi thanh ghi (Register set): Khoi thanh ghi cua CPU c chia la 3 nhom theo bang sau: Nhom 1 : Bao gom cac bo thanh ghi 16bit c ghep noi tiep t 2 thanh ghi 8bit, mot bo chnh va mot bo hoan oi. Ca hai bo gom co: - Thanh ghi tch luy (Accumulator Register). - Thanh ghi c (Flag Register). - Sau thanh ghi a dung : B, C, D, E, H,L: co the dung n le hoac ghep thanh 3 cap BC, DE, HL. S chuyen oi d lieu gia cac bo ghep noi cua cac thanh ghi c thc hien bang lenh chuyen

Luan Van Tot Nghiep oi (Exchange). Ket qua c ap ng nhanh va de dang oi vi cac ngat. Nhom 2 : Gom 6 thanh ghi. Thanh ghi ngat (Interrupt Register). Thanh ghi lam ti bo nh (register Memory Refresh). Con tro ngan xep (Stack pointer). Thanh ghi em chng trnh (program Counter). Thanh ghi ch so (Index Register) : Dung cho phep nh v ch so. Nhom 3 : Gom2 Flip flop e ghi nh cac trang thai ngat. 3- Mo ta cac nhom chan Z80 CPU:

A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 CK D4 D3 D5 D6 Vcc D2 D7 D0 D1 INT NMI HALT MREQ IORQ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A0 Z80 CPU GND RFSH MI RESET BUSRQ WAIT BUSAK WR RD A1

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

Luan Van Tot Nghiep HNH I.1 : S o chan cua CPU Z80 a- Cac Bus a ch va d lieu Bus a ch (Address Bus) A0 A15 : Ngo ra ba trang thai xuat, tac ong mc cao, tao thanh tuyen a ch 16 bit. Bang cach phoi hp gia cac tnh hieu 1 va 0 moi chan chung ta co the ch nh c a ch tren bo nh hay bo vao ra I/O khac. Bus d lieu (Data Bus) D0 D7 : Ngo ra ba trang thai xuat nhap, tac ong mc cao, tao thanh tuyen d lieu 8 bit, tren o d lieu co the di chuyen theo hai chieu, nhan va giao d lieu gia CPU va bo nh hay vao ra I/O. b- Cac ngo ieu khien nhap: BUSREQ Yeu cau Bus (Bus Request): Ngo vao, tac ong mc thap. Tn hieu nay co u tien cao hn so vi NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt), luon c ghi vao cuoi chu ky may hien hanh. BUSREQ yeu cau CPU a Bus d lieu, Bus a ch va cac tn hieu ieu khien MREQ, IORQ, RD va WR len trang thai tong tr cao. INT Yeu cau ngat (Interrupt request) : Yeu cau ngat c tao bi thiet b I/O. Neu Flip flop cho phep ngat ang trang thai cho phep th CPU se thi hanh ngat vao cuoi lenh hanh. NMI Ngat khong che (Non Maskable Interrupt) : Ngo vao tac ong mc thap. NMI co u tien cao hn INT. NMI luon ghi nhan vao cuoi lenh hien hanh, oc lap vi trang thai Flip flop cho phep ngat va t ong bat buoc CPU phai khi tao lai. WAIT i: Ngo vao tac ong mc thap. WAIT ch ra n v nh hay I/O a c ch nh khong san sang e trao oi d lieu. CPU tiep tuc a vao trang thai i tn hieu nay con tac ong. RESET at lai : Ngo vao tac ong mc thap. RESET khi ong lai CPU nh sau : no at lai Flip flop cho phep ngat, xoa thanh ghi em chng trnh, thanh ghi ngat va thanh ghi phuc hoi bo nh (Memory refresh register) va at lai che o 0. Trong suot thi gian at lai Data Bus va Address Bus trang thai tong tr cao.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep c- Cac ngo ieu khien xuat: M1 Mot chu ky may (Machine Cycle One) : Ngo ra tac ong mc thap. M1 cung vi MREQ ch ra chu ky may hien hanh la mot chu ky lay lenh. MREQ yeu cau bo nh (Memory Request): Ngo ra 3 trang thai tac ong mc thap. Khi CPU truy xuat bo nh MREQ xuong mc thap e chon vung nh o. IORQ yeu cau vao ra (In/Out Request): Ngo ra 3 trang thai, tac ong mc thap. IORQ cung c tao ra ong thi vi M1 khi CPU chap nhan no e ch ra rang 1 vect ap ng ngat co the at len tren bus d lieu. RD- oc (Read) : Ngo ra 3 trang thai, tac ong mc thap. RD ch ra rang CPU muon oc d lieu t ngan nh va t thiet b I/O a c ch nh. WR viet (write): Ngo ra 3 trang thai, tac ong mc thap. WR ch ra rang tren bus d lieu cua CPU co cac d lieu se c ghi vao ngan nh hoac cong vao ra a c ch nh. RSSH - lam ti (Refresh) : Ngo ra 3 trang thai, tac ong mc thap RSSH cung vi MREQ ch ra rang 7 bis giam cua bus a ch thuoc thong cha a ch lam ti bo nh ong (phuc hoi Ram ong). HALT trang thai dng (Halt sate) : Ngo ra 3 trang thai, tac ong mc thap. Tn hieu 0 chan HALT ch ra rang CPU a thc hien lenh ngng CPU . Luc o ben trong noi bo CPU se x ly lenh NOP (No Operration Instruction) co ngha la khong lam g ca. Trong khoang thi gian o qua trnh phuc hoi bo nh c tien hanh. Khi co tn hieu 0 gi en 1 trong 3 chan RESET, INT, NMI cua CPU th tnh trang HALT cua CPU se c loai bo. BUSACK chap thuan bus (Bus Acknowledge) : Ngo ra tac ong mc thap. Tn hieu nay cho biet thiet b ang yeu cau bus biet rang. CPU a chap nhan nguon bus, ngha la bus a ch, bus d lieu cac tn hieu ieu khien MREQ , IONQ, RD va WR cua CPU c a vao trang thai tong tr cao.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep 4- Tong quat ve qua trnh hoat ong cac ngat : Khi yeu cau ngat NMI c ghi nhan CPU khong thc hien lenh kieu RESTART a ch 0066H. au ngat UNT co the cho phep hoac cam bang phan mem (lenh EI cho phep ngat, lenh DI cam ngat). oi vi INT, Z80-CPU co the ghi ngat trong 3 che o xac nh bi phan mem : Lenh IMO lap che o ngat 0, IM1 lap che o ngat 1 va IM2 lap che o ngat 2. Che o ngat 0 : Thiet b ngoai vi yeu cau ngat co the a vao bus so lieu bat c lenh nao khi Z80-CPU tra li ngat va Z80-CPU se thc hien lenh o. Thong thng ngi ta s dung lenh ma thc chat la lenh CALL, 1 byte vao trang 0 cua bo nh, hoac lenh CALL thong thng 3byte e goi en bat c vung nao cua bo nh. Che o ngat 1: Cong viec chu yeu la goi chng trnh con phuc vu ngat tai a ch 0038H, khi nhan ngat che o 1, Z80-CPU t ong tao va thc hien lenh RST7 ma khong can thiet b ngoai vi cung cap vect ngat t ngoai vao bus so lieu. Che o ngat 2 : La che o ngat u viet ang ke cua Z80-CPU so vi cac ho vi x ly khac. Vi cac vect ngat 1 byte do thiet b ngoai vi cung cap , Z80-CPU co the thc hien goi gian tiep vi bat ky v tr nao trong bo nh. 5- Tap lenh cua Z80-CPU: Vi x ly Z80 co tap lenh rat phong phu so vi cac vi x ly 8bit khac. ac biet co cac lenh truyen khoi, tao thao tac dch chuyen mot khoi d lieu trong bo nh hay gia bo nh va thiet b vao/ra. Cac lenh cua Z80 chia thanh cac loai: - Lenh truyen d lieu 8 bit. - Lenh truyen d lieu 16bit. - Lenh trao oi, truyen khoi, do tm. - Lenh tnh toan 8bit. - Lenh tnh toan 16bit. - Lenh xe dch d lieu (shift). - Cac lenh nhay (Jump).

Luan Van Tot Nghiep - Lenh nap d lieu vao tng bit. - Cac lenh goi chng trnh con, tr ve va khi ong. - Lenh ieu khien CPU. - Lenh hoan chuyen thanh ghi. - Lenh xuat nhap d lieu.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep II KHAO SAT BO XUAT NHAP SONG SONG (VI MACH PPI 8255) 1-Gii thieu Mot he thong x ly muon a d lieu ra ieu khien thiet b ben ngoai hoac muon nhap d lieu t ngoai vao e x ly th khong the trao oi trc tiep ma phai thong qua mot khau trung gian la bo giao tiep ngoai vi hay con goi la cang xuat nhap (I/O port). Nh co bo giao tiep nay d lieu truyen i e ieu khien hoac nhan vao e x ly a m rong c pham vi ng dung cua no trong nhieu lnh vc, ac biet la trong t ong hoa. Mot vai hang san xuat vi x ly a che tao san cac thiet b LSI lam cho viec thiet ke giao tiep song song c de dang. Mot trong nhng thiet b giao tiep song song ien hnh la mach giao tiep 8255 cua hang Intel. 2-Cau tao cua vi mach 8255 a- 8255 giao tiep ngoai vi song song lap trnh c (PPI) 8255 la mot linh kien xuat nhap song song lap trnh c dung e giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai vi ti Bus he thong. No co the lap trnh c e truyen d lieu di nhng ieu kien khac nhau, t van e vao ra I/O n gian cho en cac ngat vao ra I/O, no rat linh hoat, a nang ve kinh te ( Khi nhieu cang vao ra c yeu cau s dung) nhng oi khi cung phc tap. 8255 la mot linh kien xuat nhap a nang, co the s dung hau het vi cac bo vi x ly. S dung mach 8255 e giao tiep se lam cong viec thiet ke ghep noi bo vi x ly vi cac thiet b ngoai vi n gian i nhieu, o mem deo cua thiet ke se tang len va linh phu kien se giam i. b-Cac cau truc cua PPI 8255: 8255 hoat ong vi ba trang thai (Mode) khac nhau. Chung co the dung chng trnh e chon mot trong ba trang thai nay.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Ba trang thai hoat ong nay c goi la trang thai 0, trang thai 1, trang thai 2. Chc nang cua tng trang thai c c mo ta trong hnh sau:

I/O

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

ADDRESS BUS

CONTROL BUS

DATA BUS

RD

D7-D0 8255 B

A0-A1

C A

MODE 0

I/O I/O I/O PB7-PB0 PC3-PC0 C PC7-PC4

I/O PA7-PA0

B MODE 1
PB7-PB0 CONTROL CONTROL OR I/O OR I/O

PA7-PA0

B MODE 2

A
BI-DIRECTIONAL

PB7-PB0

I/O

CONTROL

PA7-PA0

Trang thai 0: Hnh II-1: S o mo ta cac MODE hoat ong cua 8255

Luan Van Tot Nghiep trang thai nay co the dung toan bo 24bit (8bit x 3 cang) cua cac cang A, B, C e nhap hay xuat d lieu. Khi s dung cac cang nay, cac cang A, B co the dung 8 bit cua chung e nhap hay xuat d lieu con 8bit cua cang C th c chia thanh 2 phan: 4 bis cao va 4 bis thap. Trang thai 1: Trang thai nay c chia thanh 2 nhom : Nhom A (chu yeu la cang A) va nhom B (chu yeu la cang B). oi vi moi nhom dung 4 bit cua cang C ieu khien. Trang thai 2: Nhom A c dung nh tuyen 2 chieu va dung 5 bit cua cang C ieu khien. Con lai 3bit cua cang C va 8 bit cang B co the dung theo trang thai 0 va trang thai. 3-S o chan cua 8255:
PA3 PA2 PA1 PAO RD CS GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PBO PB1 PB2 1 40 2 39 3 38 4 37 5 6 7 8 9 10 31 11 30 12 36 35 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR RESET DO D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3

825 5
34 33 32

Hnh II-2: S o chan cua 8255

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Bo ghep noi song song ieu khien theo chng trnh 8255 gom co: Thanh ghi ieu khien: ay la thanh ghi 8bis noi dung cua thanh ghi ieu khien c goi la t ieu khien. T ieu khien c dung e xac nh mot chc nang vao/ra cho moi cang (kh tao cang) thanh ghi nay co the c tham nhap e ghi mot t ieu khien khi a ch Ao va A1 eu mc logic 1. Can chu y rang khong the tham nhap vao thanh ghi nay e oc d lieu. Thanh ghi trang thai : Cang vao ra 8bit A, B, C trong o 8 bit cua cang C co the c s dung nh nhng bit rieng ( che o cai at bit hoac c nhom thanh 2 nhom oc lap bang chng trnh: 4 bit cao (PC4PC7) thuoc nhom A va 4 bis thap (Pc0PC3) thuoc nhom B. Bo em bus d lieu lam nhiem vu giao tiep gia bus d lieu ngoai vi thanh ghi ieu khien, thanh ghi trang thai hoac mot trong cac cang vao/ra, ngoai ra 8255 con co cac ng ieu khien nh sau: - RD (read): Tn hieu nay cho phep hoat ong oc d lieu khi ng d lieu nay xuong mc thap, CPU oc d lieu t mot cang au ra cua 8255. - WR (write): Tn hieu nay cho phep hoat ong ghi d lieu. Khi ng d lieu nay xuong mc thap, CPU se xuat ra mot cang vao ra c chon hoac ra thanh ghi ieu khien cua 8255. - Reset: ng tn hieu nay hoat ong tch cc mc cao. Khi chan nay mc cao, noi dung trong thanh ghi ieu khien c xoa va at tat ca cac cang kieu vao. - CS, A0, A1: ay la cac tn hieu c chon, CS c noi vi bo giai ma a ch; A0 va A1 c noi en cac ng ch A0 va A1 cua CPU, trong o CS la tn hieu chnh cho phep 8255 hoat ong va viec xac nh a ch cho 8255 da vao chan tnh hieu nay, con cac tn hieu A0 va A1 dung e chon mot trong cac cang hoac thanh ghi ieu khien.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep - Tom lai viec chon cang va nh a ch cho 8255 c tom tat nh sau: Trang thai A1 A0 RD WR CS Mo ta s chuyen oi
oc Ghi 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 hoat x 1 x 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 x 1 x 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 x 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 x 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cang A=> Bus d lieu Cang B=> Bus d lieu Cang C=> Bus d lieu Bus d lieu=> Cang A Bus d lieu=> Cang B Bus d lieu=> Cang C Bus d lieu=> Thanh ghi ieu khien neu D7=1 Bus d lieu trang thai tr khang cao ieu kien khong chap nhan Bus d lieu trang thai tr khang cao.

Khong ong

x: khong quan tam Bang II.1 Bang trang thai cua 8255 c-Cac che o lam viec cua 8255 Vi mach tiep song song lap trnh c 8255 co 2 che o lam viec khac nhau. Che o cai at hoac xoa bit(BSR: Bit Set/Reset) Che o vao/ra (I/O mode) 8255 lam viec che o nao la phu thuoc vao gia tr cua bit D7 trong thanh ghi ieu khien: Trong che o I/O, viec xac nh che o 0, hoac 1 cho nhom B hoac che o 0,1,2 cho nhom A con phu thuoc gia tr cua cac bit D2, D5, D6 trong thanh ghi ieu khien. Tom lai, vi 8255 viec chon che o nay hay che o kia la phu thuoc vao ngi lap trnh cho no. Vi cach chon che o lam viec va chnh xac, vi mach 8255 co the ap ng moi yeu cau ghep noi rat tinh vi. Mat khac, neu biet tan dung ac tnh cua moi che o th ngi thiet ke co the at c nhng ket qua rat hu hieu. Sau ay la nhng mieu ta chi tiet ve ac iem cua moi che o lam viec: a- Che o BSR: Che o BSR ch lien quan en 8 bit cang C. Cac bit nay co the c cai at hoac xoa oc lap vi nhau bang cach c ghi mot t ieu

Luan Van Tot Nghiep khien thch hp vao thanh ghi ieu khien. Nh phan trnh bay tren, neu D7=0 th co nhan biet t ieu khien BSR va no khong lam thay oi t ieu khien a c ghi vao trc o vi D7=1. V vay cac hoat ong cua cac cang A va B khong b anh hng t ieu khien BSR. che o BSR, cac bit rieng le cang C co the c s dung vi ng dung nh la mot cong tac ong m. Nh tnh chat nay, che o 1 hoac 2, dung cac bit cua cang C e lam tn hieu ieu khien ngat. Bo 8255 cho kha nang ln e la chon thc hien ghep noi vao/ra co ngat. ieu o lam n gian thiet ke ve phan cng. T ieu khien khi c viet vao thanh ghi ieu khien no se at hoac xoa mot bit mot thi iem nhu bang II.2 Chon bit 000 Bit 0 001 Bit 1 010 Bit 2 011 Bit 3 100 Bit 4 101 Bit 5 110 Bit 6 111 Bit 7 Bang II.2 : T ieu khien lap / xoa bit 8255 b- Che o I/O Hnh II.3 mo ta cau truc t ieu khien vao / ra + Neu bit D7=0, 8255 lam viec che o cai at hoac xoa bit + Neu bit D7=1, 8255 lam viec che o vao/ ra. Trong che o nay, bo ghep noi 8255 c chia lam 3 che o c ban: Che o 0 (mode 0): Mot cang co chc nang nh la cang vao/ra n gian Che o 1(mode 1): Goi la che o vao / ra chot. Khi mot nhom ang che o nay th cang 8 bit cua no (hoac cang A hoac cang B) c dung hoac la nhap

Luan Van Tot Nghiep hoac la xuat va 3 chan cua cang C uc dung cho cac tn hieu bat tay. Che o 2 (mode 2) Che o nay ch ap dung cho nhom A va c goi la che o nhap xuat Bus hai chieu. che o nay cang A c cai at e truyen d lieu hai chieu bang cach s dung 5 chan trong cac chan cang C lam tn hieu bat tay. - Khi go vao Reset mc logic 1, 8255 b Reset tat ca cac cang c at che o nhap(ca 24 ng cua 3 port eu trang thai tong tr cao). Sau khi Reset 8255 ch nhan t ieu khien e c khi ong(cac cang c duy tr che o nhap). - Trong qua trnh thi hanh mot chng trnh cua he thong bat ky mode hoat ong nao cung c chon bang mot lenh n gian nen 8255 co the phuc vu nhieu loai ngoai vi khac nhau bang cac chng trnh con n gian. - Du mode nao cang A va B cung c nh ngha rieng le trong khi canng c c chia lam hai phan (mot nua cao va mot na thap) theo yeu cau cua mode cang A va B. Tat ca cac thanh ghi xuat bao gom cac flipflop trang thai eu c Reset khi thay oi mode cung mot thi iem. Moi nhom co the c xac nh cac mode hoat ong khac nhau. - Kha nang nhap/xoa (set/reset) tng bit Moi bit cua cang C eu c set/reset rieng le bang lenh Out. ieu nay cho phep kha nang s dung cang C e ieu khien va thong tin trang thai cang A va B. - ieu khien ngat (Interrupt) Khi 8255 hoat ong mode 1 hay mode 2, cac tn hieu ieu khien co kha nang yeu cau ngat CPU. Cac tn hieu yeu cau ngat phat sinh t cang C. Ngi lap trnh co the cho phep hay cam mot ngoai vi ngat CPU ma khonng anh hng en bat ky mot ngoai nao khac trong cau truc ngat. Flip-flop INTE cua 8255 ket hp vi kha nang set/reset tng bit cua cang C se thc hien nhiem vu nay. Bit set-INTE set : cho phep ngat.

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Bit reset-INTE reset: cam ngat Tat ca cac flip-flop che(mask flip-flop) eu c reset trong qua trnh chon mode va reset 8255. Hoat ong cua cac che o (Modes) Che o 0(mode 0) : Che o xuat nhap c ban 3 cang A,B va C eu la cac cang xuat nhap, khong co tn hieu bat tay d lieu n thuan c ghi vao hoac oc ra t 8255 (oi vi tng cang rieng le) cang C hoat ong nh la hai cang 4 bit. Khi mi reset tat ca cac cang eu la vao. ac iem moi che o nay la: D lieu ra c chot D lieu vao khong c chot Cac cang khong co kha nang bat tay hoac ngat Co 16 kha nang xuat nhap oi vi mode 0 (can c vao cac bit D0, D3, DZ4 cua t ieu khien). T IEU KHIEN
D 7 D 6 D 5 D 4 D 3 D 2 D 1 D 0 NHOM B

Cang C:PC3..PC0 1: VAo 0: Ra Cang B 1: VAo 0: Ra Chon che o 0:Che o 0 1:Chon che o 1 NHOM A Cang D7=0: C:PC4..PC7 Chon 1: VAo 0: Ra che o Cang A 1: VAo 0: Ra II.3 :t ieu Chon che o 00:Che o 0 01: Che o 1 1x : Che o 2

HNH 8255

khien cua

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Che o 1 (mode 1): Xuat nhap co ieu khien: Hai cang A va B co chc nang la cang vao ra 8bis chung co the c cau hnh hoac la cang vao hoac la cang ra khi xuat hoac nhap d lieu eu c chot. Hay na cang c c s dung e ieu khien thong tin trang thai cho cang A va cang B. Na cao s dung cho cang A (nhom A), na thap s dung cho cang B (nhom B). Nh vay moi nhom gom 1 cang 8bis va 4 bis cua cang C. Che o vi cang A (hoac B): Khi tao la vao : Trong che o nay, cang A s dung 3 ng tn hieu cao PC3, PC4 va PC5. Cang B s dung 3 ng tn hieu thap con lai cua cang C la PC0 , PC1 va PC2. Cac chc nang cua tn hieu nay nh sau: STB (Strobe Input) : Tn hieu nay hoat ong mc thap, no c tao bi thiet b ngoai vi e thong bao cho 8255 biet byte so lieu nhap a san sang va 8255 ap lai tn hieu STB bang cach tao ra tn hieu IBF, INTR. - IBF : (Input Buffer Full) tn hieu nay la mot s bao nhan bi 8255 e ch th rang ngo vao chot a c 1byte d lieu. Tn hieu nay b Reset khi CPU oc d lieu. - INTR (Interrput request) : ay la tn hieu co the c s dung e ngat CPU, tn hieu nay c tao ra neu STB = 1, IBF va INTE = 1, tn hieu INTE b xoa bi canh sau cua tn hieu RD. - INTE (Interrput Enable) : ay la Flip-flop ben trong c s dung e cho phep hoac khong cho phep viec tao ra tn hieu INTR (tc cho phep hoac khong cho phep yeu cau nay). Hai Flip flop INTE A va INTEB set /reset bang cach s dung che o BSR, cu the la Flip-flop INTEA c ieu khien bi PC4 va INTEB c ieu khien bi PC2. Tom lai : Qua trnh Cpu oc d lieu t ben ngoai vao che o nay nh sau: Thiet b vao 8 bis so lieu en A0 A7 (hoac B0 . . B7) roi phat sinh xung STR vi mc tch cc thap e nap d lieu vao mach chot. Nh vay lam tn hieu IBF co mc logic mem. Bo vi x ly oc cang C va kiem tra tn hieu IBF e kiem tra so lieu a san sang cha. Neu IBF

Luan Van Tot Nghiep = 1 bo vi x ly oc so lieu tren cang A (hoac B) va xoa c IBF. Che o 1 : Vi cang A hoac B khi tao la ra: Khi cang A va B c khi tao la ra t ieu khien th chc nang cua cac chan logic nh sau : - OBF (Output Buffer Full) tn hieu ieu khien nay xuong thap CPU ghi d lieu vao mach chot ngo ra cua 8255. Tn hieu nay bao cho tn hieu ngoai vi ngo ra la d lieu mi ang san sang oc. Tn hieu nay len cao 1 lan na sau khi 8255 nhan c tn hieu ACK ngoai vi. OBF c set bi canh len cua xung WR t CPU va b reset bi ACK =0 do ngoai vi (tc mc 0 tch cc). - ACK (Acknowledge) : ay la tnh hieu vao t ngoai vi, no xuong mc thap khi thiet b ngoai vi nhan c d lieu t cac cang cua 8255. - INTR (Interrupt Request) : ay la tn hieu ra no c set bi canh len cua tn hieu ACK. Tn hieu nay len 1 ngo ra dung yeu cau ngat CPU, khi ngoai v a nhan d lieu t no e yeu cau byte d lieu ke c xuat ra. Tn hieu INTR c set khi cap tn hieu OBF, ACK va INTE toan bo mc 1 va c reset bi canh xuong cua tn hieu WR. - INTE (Interrupt Enable) ay la mot Flip-flop ben trong c dung e tao tn hieu INTR. Hai Flip-flop INTE A va INTEB c ieu khien bi cac bis PC6, PC2 va c nhan biet qua che o BSR. Tng t nh cang nhap PC4 va PC5 c dung nh cang vao ra. Tom tat qua trnh CPU viet d lieu ra nh sau; CPU ghi d lieu ra cang A (hoac B) lam cho OBF mc logic 0. Thiet b kiem tra OBF e xac nh xem d lieu a san sang cha. Neu a tiep nhan d lieu, thiet b ra tra li bang mc 0 tren au vao ACK ong thi xoa c OBS. Che o 2 (mode 2) : Xuat nhap d lieu 2 chieu bat tay: Che o nay c s dung trong cac ng dung nh la truyen d lieu gia hai may vi tnh hoac giao tiep vi bo ieu khien a mem. che o nay cang A co the c cau hnh nh la mot cang hai chieu va cang B hoac la

Luan Van Tot Nghiep che o 0 hoac la che o 1. Cang A s dung tn hieu t cang C nh la cac tn hieu ieu khien cho viec truyen d lieu. Cac ng nay bao gom OBF, ACK, INTR, STB, IBF. Vi : - INTR : Mc 1 ngo ra nay bao cho CPU biet yeu cau ngat - Hoat ong xuat: OBF xuong mc 0 e bao cho cac thiet b ngoai vi biet CPU a ghi d lieu ra cang A ACK xuong mc 0 e bao cho thiet b ngoai vi cho phep bo em 3 trang thai cua cang A m e phat d lieu INTE 1 (lien quan vi OBF)c kiem soat bi set/reset cua PC - Hoat ong nhap: STB: Mc 0 ngo vao nay cai d lieu vao mach, cai ngo nhap. IBF : Mc 1 thong bao cho CPU biet a nap vao mach cai nhap. INTE 2 (lien quan en IBF)c kiem soat bi set/reset cua PC4. Ba ng tn hieu con lai PC0 PC2 co the c s dung hoac la nh cac ng vao ra n gian hoac la nh cac tn hieu bat tay cang B. Dung cang C ieu khien cang A,B. Trong mode 0, cang C chuyen so lieu t 8255 en ngoai vi hay t ngoai vi en 8255. Khi 8255 c lap trnh mode 1 hay mode 2, cang C tao ra hay nhan ve cac tn hieu ieu khien ngoai vi. oc noi dung cua cang C cho phep ngi lap trnh kiem tra va xac nh trang thai cua thiet b ngoai vi e co the thay oi chng trnh ieu khien cho phu hp. Cac t trang thai cang C tng mode: Mode 1 : Nhap D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 I/O I/O IBFA INTEA INTRA INTEB IBFB INTRB
NHOM A NHOM B

Mode 1 : Xuat

Luan Van Tot Nghiep D7 -OBF D6 INTEA D5 I/O D4 I/O D3 INTRA D2 INTEB D1 OBF D0 INTRB

NHOM A

NHOM B

Mode 2 : D7 D6 D5 OBFA INTE1 IBFA

NHOM A

D4 D3 INTE INTRA

D2

D1

D0

NHOM B

HNH II.4 : T trang thai cang C III. KHAO SAT BO NH 1- Bo nh co the thao chng va xoa c EPROM 2764 EPROM 2764 la bo nh ch dung mot nguon duy nhat 5v, dung lng bo nh 65.536 bit va co the oc xoa de dang. Cung nh cac EPROM khac no co hai kieu hoat ong la : bnh thng va ch (Standby). kieu ch mach ch tieu tan mot phan t cong suat bnh thng, Thi gian truy xuat la 250ns vi toc o la chon vao khoang 200ns. Thi gian truy xuat co the tng hp vi nhng vi x ly hoat ong toc o cao. Mot u iem quan trong cua 2764 la kiem soat rieng le cac ngo ra. S o chan va cau tao 2764 c cho hnh III.1 D0-D7 S o khoi:
Vpp A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 GND

-OE A12 2 -OE/PGM A12 A0

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

LOGIC 28 IEUPGM KHIEN 27 GIAI MA Y NC 26

Vcc

2764

25

A8 A9

GIAI MA X 24
23

EM NGO RA MACH CUA Y MA TRAN NH 65.536BIT

HNHA11 S o chan va cau tao III.1: A0-A a ch vao 22 cua OE EPROM 2764 12
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 A10 CS D7 D6 D5 D4 D3

D0-D7 -OE -CS PGM

D lieu ra Cho phep ra Cho phep chip hoat ong Nap chng trnh

Khong noi GhiNC chu : -OE ngo ra ao cua OE

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

Bang trang thai hoat ong cua cac chan CHA N -CE (20) -OE (22) -PGM (27) VPP (1) VCC
(28)

D0 D 7 (11 13. 15 19) DOUT Z cao DIN DOUT Z cao

KIEU oc VIL VIL VCC VCC Ch VIH VCC VCC Nap VIL VIL VPP VCC chng trnh Kiem tra VIL VIL VIH VPP VCC chng trnh Cam VIH VPP VCC nap chng trnh X co the la VIL hoac VIH Bang III.1: Bang trang thai cua 2764

2- Bo nh tnh SRAM 6264 : 6264 la RAM tnh toc o cao, dung lng bo nh 8192 word x 8bit ac tnh 6264 : S dung nguon 5V Thi gian truy xuat nhanh, toi a co the at 150 ns Cong suat tieu tan trang thai ch thap: 0.1mW Ngo vao / ra d lieu chung, ngo ra ba trang thai Ngo vao, ra tng hp vi ho TTL Thi gian vong va truy cap nh nhau. Chan ra tng thch vi ho EF ROM 64k S o khoi tieu chuan 28 chan * Bang trang thai:

Luan Van Tot Nghiep -WE X X H H L L -CS1 H X L CS2 X L H -OE X X H Trang thai Khong chon Khong xuat oc Chan D Z cao Z cao Z cao D xuat Dnhap Dnhap

L H L L H H Ghi L H L X : khong quan tam Bang III.2 Bang trang thai cua 2764. S o chan RAM 6264
D0-D7 Hnh III.2 : S o chan cua SRAM 6264
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 26 27 Vcc WE CS A8 A9 A11 OE A10 CS1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3

NC A12 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D0 D1 D2 GND

626

25 24 23 22

A0-A12 D0-D7 -OE -CS1, CS2 -WE NC

a ch vao D lieu ra Cho phep ra Cho phep chip hoat ong Cho phep ghi Khong noi

21 20 19 18 17 16 15

Ghi chu : -OE ngo ra ao cua OE

Luan Van Tot Nghiep IV KHAO SAT VI MACH GIAI MA A CH IC giai ma thng c chon cho mach vi x ly la IC 74LS 138. ay la bo giai ma a hp giai 3 ng ra 8 ng. IC 74LS 138 gom co 8 ng ra t Y0 -> Y7, 3 ng d lieu vao la A, B, C va 3 ng ieu khien. Trang thai hoat ong cua IC 74LS 138 phu thuoc vao ieu kien cua ba chan nay trong o hai chan G2A va G2B tac ong mc thap (mc 0) con G1 tac ong mc cao (mc 1), IC 74LS 138 c thiet ke e hoat ong vi toc o cao, no thng dung cho cac bo giai ma a ch, bo nh va trong cac he thong truyen d lieu. S o chan cua IC 74LS 138 :

A B C G2A G2B G1 Y7 GND

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 138 1 2 1 1 1 0 9

74LS

Vcc YO Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6

HNH IV. 1 : S o chan cua IC 74 LS138

Luan Van Tot Nghiep Bang trang thai cua IC74LS138 ieu D lieu D lieu ra khien vao G1 G2 C B A Y0 Y1 Y2 X 1 X X X 1 1 1 0 X X X X 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 X: Khong quan tam Bang IV.1 : bang trang thai cua IC

Y3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1

Y4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

Y5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

Y6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

Y7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

74LS138

Luan Van Tot Nghiep

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

----o0o---1- ELECTRONIC DESIGN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS. Savant, Roden, Carpenter. 1991 The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Jnc. 2- MICROPROCESSOR AND IC FAMILIES. Walter H. Buchsbaum, ScD. 1993 Tech Publication Pte Ltd. 3- AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND CIRCUITS Edwardj. Ralbovsky Prenlice, Englewood Cliffs, New Gersey. 4- TOYOTA COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEMS 1992 Toyota Motor Corporation. 5- THIET KE & LAP RAP MAY VI TNH CPU Z-80. Tap1: Thiet ke c ban. Hong Minh Nhat, Huynh Cong Sanh. Nha Xuat Ban Giao Duc 1994. 6- LAP TRNH CHO CAC HE VI X LY 8080 80850 Z80 Nha Xuat Ban Thong Ke. 7- GIAO TRNH MACH SO (TAP 2) Nguyen Hu Phng. Trng H, Tong Hp TP. HCM 8- PHNG PHAP NGHIEN CU KHOA HOC Chau Kim Lang. Trng H.S Pham Ky Thuat TP.HCM - 1989