Vin nghin cu mi trng quc gia

K thut x l v phn loi rc thi

27/8/2012 Khch sn Nikko Si Gn, T.P H Ch Minh, Vit Nam
Vin nghin cu mi trng quc gia Trung tm nghin cu qun l tun hon ti nguyn v rc thi Kawai Kosuke
Kosuke Kawai, Ph.D. Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan

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Ni dung nghin cu cho ti thi im hin nay

Xy dng c s d liu v rc thi v nh gi h thng x l rc thi ti ng Nam thng 4/2009 thng 3/2012 gp sc cho vic a h thng qun l rc thi bn vng vo cc nc ng Nam , kt hp vi cc c quan nghin cu ca nh nc v cc nh nghin cu v rc thi ti a phng, ng thi t thu thp cc s liu ban u v lng pht sinh; thnh phn vt l; thnh phn ha hc; 3 thnh phn nc, cht chy c, tro; nhit lng pht sinh ca rc thi tng nc, xy dng v cp nht d liu qun l rc thi cho cc nc ng Nam , c bit l Vit Nam. S dng nhng c s d liu qun l rc thi thu c nh gi phn tch hin trng, theo quan im h thng k thut x l v h thng kinh t x hi cn xem xt ti khu vc chnh thc (formal sector) v c khu vc khng chnh thc (informal sector), a ra cc phng hng ci thin h thng x l rc thi sau ny. Lu : Rc thi trong nghin cu ny c hiu l rc th, khng bao gm cht thi nguy hi v cht thi cng nghip

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Cc c quan i tc ti Vit Nam

Vin Mi trng th v Cng nghip Vit Nam (INEV) Trng i hc Xy dng Vin khoa hc qun l mi trng (ISEM) Trng i hc Hu

Trng i hc Cn Th
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Chu trnh x l rc thi hin ti v chu trnh x l thay th

Chu trnh x l cht thi hin ti Vit Nam Thu gom Vn chuyn X l chn lp

Chu trnh x l mi (t rc, RDF, ln men metan, phn, cacbon ha) thay th cho x l chn lp Thu gom Vn chuyn Tin x l
X l bng cc k thut thay th

X l chn lp

Nghin, tuyn, sy kh

Phn loi

Thu gom

Vn chuyn

X l bng cc k thut thay th

X l chn lp

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Tnh cht vt l v 3 thnh phn (nc, chy c, tro) ca rc thi h gia nh thnh ph H Ni Bng 1 Tnh cht, thnh phn vt l (theo t trng %) v 3 thnh phn (theo t trng %) ca rc thi h gia nh H Ni, Vit Nam
Tnh cht Chng loi Danh mc Chy c + + + + + + + + + + Giy Nha Vt c gi tr Thy tinh Kim loi Giy Nha Thy tinh Kim loi Rc ti sng C Rc thi Tro than Cao su, da gm s Si Cy Rc khc +: Thch hp, : Khng thch hp Phn hy sinh hc Thnh phn vt l 0,8 1,4 0,9 0,5 6,4 8,2 0,6 0,1 + 57,3 + 3,4 11,3 0,2 0,7 1,9 1,0 5,3 3 thnh phn Nc 8,3 7,3 0,2 3,6 55,2 53,4 0,6 8,2 76,1 72,9 12,3 3,2 0,5 13,5 27,2 29,4 Chy c 78,7 90,8 0,0 0,0 38,8 42,1 0,0 0,0 18,5 22,6 6,7 81,5 0,0 84,2 65,3 32,7 Tro 13,0 1,9 99,8 96,4 5,9 4,5 99,4 91,8 5,4 4,5 81,1 15,2 99,5 2,4 7,5 37,9

Vin nghin cu mi trng quc gia

3 thnh phn ca rc thi

3 thnh phn ca rc thi
Phn nc

+ Phn chy c + Phn tro

= 100 (%)

18,2

57,7

24,1 Phn chy c

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Phm vi thch hp x l t rc (khng pht in)

800 < HL = 50B - 6W

Phm vi thch hp x l t rc

Phn chy c

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Phm vi thch hp x l t rc (pht in)

1500 < HL = 50B - 6W

Phm vi thch hp x l t rc c th pht in

Phn chy c

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Phm vi thch hp x l phn

50 < W < 70 and 60B < 40B0.5

Phm vi thch hp x l phn

Phn chy c

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Phm vi thch hp to RDF

W < 20 and 3000 < 50B

Phm vi thch hp to RDF

Phn chy c

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Phm vi thch hp x l chn lp

W < 85

Phm vi thch hp x l chn lp

Phn chy c

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Trng hp phn loi chy c v khng chy c

Rc thi chy c Rc thi khng chy c

Phn chy c

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Trng hp phn loi chy c, khng chy c v phn hy sinh hc

Rc thi chy c Rc thi khng chy c Rc thi c tnh phn hy sinh hc

Phn chy c

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D n 3R H Ni
T chc hp tc quc tJICA D n thc hin sng kin 3R ti thnh ph H Ni gp phn pht trin x hi bn vng Thi gian Nm 2006Nm 2009 Doanh nghip tham gia Yachio EngineeringNihon Koei Khi qut d n D n hp tc k thut a h thng phn loi rc thi hu c (rc thi c tnh phn hy sinh hc nh rc thi nh bp, rc ti sng) vo th im 4 khu vc trong thnh ph H Ni. Hin trng Mc d d n kt thc hn 2 nm nhng ti cc khu vc th im vn cha hnh thnh c thi quen phn loi rc thi hu c, c th thy hin trng l cn nhiu h gia nh vt rc thi sinh hot m khng phn loi.

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Phng php phn loi

cc khu vc th im, ngi dn phn loi rc thnh rc hu c v rc v c ri rc

Thung thu gom rc hu c (rc thi c tnh phn hy sinh hc)

Thung thu gom rc v c (rc thi kh phn hy sinh hc)

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M hnh 2 giai on hnh ng v mi trng

Hnh ng

Phn loi

Giai on 2

Khuyn khch hnh ng

nh gi tnh kh thi

nh gi chun mc x hi

nh gi chi ph li ch

Giai on 1

Quan tm chung v hnh vi

Nhn bit hiu qu

Nhn bit trch nhim

Nhn bit ri ro mi trng

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c im ca cc gia nh phn loi rc hu c

Phn loi Separating Khng phn loi Not separating

Cc h gia nh thng thng

General households

88

77

Households with small-scale Cc h gia nh kinh doanh nh business

17

32

50

100

150

200

Number gia nh S lng hof households

Phn loi Separating Khng phn loi Not separating

C ngi Leaders separating hng dn phn loi

72

42

Leaders not separating Khng c ngi hng dn phn loi

33

67

50

100

150

Number of nh S lng h gia households

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Mc hiu bit v cc mc phn loi rc

100 90 80 70 60 50 40

(%)
95 86

Phn loi (n=107) Separating

94
83

Khng phn loi (n=211) Not separating

92

93
87

93
84

95

93 85
77

* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

85 80

77

71
56

74 59

60
53 43 52

Thc n tha *Left-over food

Hoa Flower

Tro ash **Coalthan

Tn thuc l **Cigarette butts

c phn loi l rc thi hu c

Categorized as organic waste

c phn loi l rc thi v c

Categorized as inorganic waste

Xng g Chicken bones

Rau **Vegetables

V peel **Bananachui

Khn giy **Paper tissue

Tm xa rng *Toothpicks

Shells V s

Ti bags *Plasticnylon

Cnh cy Branches

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Thnh phn vt l ca mu rc hu c
Paper,1.1 Giy, 1.1
Thc Food n (khng (unsuitable), 1.3 ph hp), 1.3 Nha, 0.6 Plastic,0.6

Others, 0.2 Cc loi rc khc, 0.2

Thc n, hoa v rc vn Food, flower and (ph hp) garden (suitable),

96.7

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Tng kt
ci thin h thng qun l cht thi th vic thu thp c d liu ng tin cy l rt quan trng (Cn phi thu thp c s d liu lin tc bng nhng phng php ph hp vi mc ch) Trong trng hp a k thut x l mi vo thay th cho x l chn lp, s phn loi rc ca ngi dn s to ra c hiu qu (Mc d vy vn cha th hon ho c) Khng th thiu s hp tc ca ngi dn (Vic ngi dn hiu r v ngha v quy nh phn loi rc l rt cn thit. Ngoi ra cn thit phi xem xt xem ni dung cc quy nh nh th no ngi dn c th hiu y v phn loi rc, trc khi a vo thc t cn tin hnh p dng th nghim mt s phng php t chn ra phng php thch hp nht.) Vic th hin s tch cc ca tt c cc bn lin quan nh y ban nhn dn thnh ph, y ban nhn dn qun, y ban nhn dn phng, T trng t dn ph, cc doanh nghip thu gom rc thi trong vic phn loi rc thi l rt quan trng. (Phi h tr ti a ngi dn phn loi c rc)

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