Ti liu kha hc : Luyn k cp tc

PHN BIT - TCH CC HP CHT HU C

I. Phn bit cc hp cht hu c
1. M t s thuc th thng dng - Qu tm : + RCOOH; mui RNH3Cl; aminoaxit c s nhm COOH nhiu hn NH2 : chuyn + RNH2 (tr C6H5NH2), mui RCOONa, aminoaxit c s nhm COOH t hn NH2 : xanh Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 : + Ankin c lin kt ba u mch : to kt ta vng. + anehit v phn t c cha nhm CHO (HCOOH, HCOOR, glucoz, fructoz, mantoz). Cu(OH)2/OH- : + RCOOH : to dung dch mu xanh. + RCHO v cc cht cha nhm CHO : kt ta mu gch khi un nng. + Glixerol, glucoz, sac, man, fruc : dung dch mu xanh lam nhit thng. + Polipeptit c t tripeptit tr ln : to mu tm biure c trng. Dung dch brom ; + Hp cht khng no, anehit, glucoz : lm nht mu. + phenol, alanin : to kt ta trng. - Dung dch KMnO4 : + Cc hp cht khng no : lm nht mu nhit thng. + Ankylbenzen : nht mu kho un nng. Mt s thuc th khc : I2 (HTB); HNO3 (lng trng trng g). 2. Bi tp p dng: Bi 1: C ba cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren ng ring bit trong ba l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit ba cht lng trn l A. nc brom. C. dung dch natri hiroxit. A. HCl, bt Al. B. dung dch phenolphtalein. D. giy qu tm. D. HNO3 , I2 .

Bi 2: Phn bit cc dung dch keo: h tinh bt, x phng, lng trng trng, ta dng B. NaOH, HNO3 . C. NaOH, I2 .

Bi 3: Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NaCl. C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. dung dch HCl. Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit t

Bi 4: Ch dng Cu(OH)2 c th phn bit c tt c cc dung dch ring bit trong dy no sau y ? A. glucoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic. B. lng trng trng, glucoz, fructoz, glixerol. C. saccaroz, glixerol, anehit axetic, ancol etylic. D. glucoz, lng trng trng, glixerol, ancol etylic. Bi 5: C ba dung dch: amoni hirocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat v ba cht lng: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin ng trong su ng nghim ring bit. Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht l dung dch HCl th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu ng nghim ? A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.

II. Tch cc hp cht hu c

1. Phng php tch mt s cht a) Phng php vt l - Chit : dng tch cc cht lng khng tan vo nhau nh benzen v ancol .. - Chng ct : dng tch cc cht c nhit si khc nhau, thng dng tch cc cht thuc 3 nhm : + C nhit si thp : anehit, xeton, ete, este. + C nhit si cao : ancol, axit, amin. + Khng bay hi : mui RONa, RCOONa, RCOONH4, aminoaxit. b) S tch mt s cht : - Phenol - Anilin
1) NaOH 2) CC 1) HCl 2) CC 1) CO2 2) CC

C6 H5 ONa C6H5NH3Cl

C6 H5 OH C6 H5 NH2

1) NaOH 2) CC 1) HCl

- RCOOH

1) NaOH 2) Chiet

RCOONa

2) Chiet

RCOOH

- Anken : Br2 v Zn - Ankin : AgNO3/HCl 2. Bi tp p dng Bi 1: tch ring tng cht kh t hn hp propan, propen, propin ta ch cn dng cc cht l A. Zn, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. B. dung dch Br2, dung dch HCl, dung dch KMnO4, Na. C. dung dch KMnO4, dung dch NaCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.

D. dung dch HCl, dung dch Br2, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, Zn.

Ti liu kha hc : Luyn k cp tc c Bi 2: tch ring tng cht t hn hp gm benzen, phenol v anilin, ta c th dng cc ho cht l A. dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH v CO2. B. dung dch Br2, dung dch HCl v CO2. C. dung dch NaOH, dung dch NaCl v CO2. D. dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl v CO2 . Bi 3: loi tp cht C2H2 khi C2H4 ngi ta cho hn hp qua dung dch A. Brom B. AgNO3/dd NH3 C. H2O D. HCl

BI TP T LUYN
Bi 1: Dng mt ho cht no sau y nhn bit stiren, toluen, phenol ? A. Dung dch Br2. C. Dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch HCl. D. Dung dch HNO3.

Bi 2: C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l b mt nhn: ancol etylic, toluen, phenol, axit fomic. nhn bit 4 cht c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y ? A. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch NaOH. Br2, Na. C. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch K2CO3. dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Bi 3: Ch dng thm mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit cc cht: ancol etylic, axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz ng trong 4 l mt nhn ? A. dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. C. CaCO3. A. KMnO4 B. Ca(OH)2 B. Qu tm. D. Cu(OH)2. C. K2CO3 D. Br2. D. Na, dung dch HCl, dung B. Dung dch Na2CO3, nc

Bi 4 : loi b SO2 c ln trong C2H4 ngi ta cho hn hp kh qua dung dch Bi 5 : loi b tp cht C2H2, C2H4, but-1,3-ien, CH3NH2 c ln trong C2H6 ta cho hn hp ln lt i qua dung dch A. Br2 v NaOH B. Br2 v HCl AgNO3/NH3 v HCl Bi 6: Khi lm khan ru C2H5OH c ln mt t nc ngi ta dng cch no sau y ? A. Cho CaO khan vo ru. C. Cho CaCl2 khan vo ru. B. Cho Na2SO4 khan vo ru. D. Cho tc dng mt t Na ri em chng ct. C. AgNO3/NH3 v NaOH D.

Bi 7: Hn hp gm benzen, phenol v anilin. ly ring tng cht nguyn cht cn dng

A. NaOH, HCl, CO2 C. Na, KMnO4, HCl A. NaHCO3, HCl v NaOH C. AgNO3/NH3; NaOH v HCl thm cc dung dch A. HCl v NaOH php no sau y ? A. Chng ct on B. Chit B. Br2 v HCl

B. NaOH, HCl, Br2 D. CO2, HCl, Br2 B. NaHSO3, HCl v NaOH D. NaHSO4, NaOH v HCl

Bi 8 : tch cc cht trong hh gm ancol etylic, anehit axetic, axit axetic cn dng cc dd

Bi 9 : tch ring ly tng cht t hn hp gm benzen, anilin, phenol, ta c th dng C. NaOH v Br2 D. CO2 v HCl

Bi 10 . tch ring tng cht benzen (ts =800C) v axit axetic (ts =1180C) nn dng phng C. Kt tinh D. Chng ct phn

Bi 11. Cho hn hp gm CH3CHO (ts = 210C); C2H5OH (ts = 78,30C); CH3COOH A. Na2SO4 khan, chng ct C. Na2SO4 khan, chit B. NaOH, chng ct C. NaOH, kt tinh

(ts 1180C)

v H2O (ts 1000C). Nn dng ho cht v phng php no sau y tch ring tng cht ?

Bi 12 . Cho hn hp butin-1 v butin-2, tch hai hirocacbon ny cn dung dch A. AgNO3 B. Br2 C. AgNO3/NH3, HCl D. KMnO4 Bi 13 . Chn nhm thuc th no trong cc nhm thuc th sau tch vinyl axetilen ra khi hn hp gm vinyl axetilen v butan ? A. Dung dch AgNO3 / NH3 ; dung dch HCl C. Dung dch KMnO4 ; dung dch H2SO4 C2H4 tinh khit ? A. Vi sng v nc ct C. Dung dch thuc tm v H2SO4 c B. Dung dch brom v km D. Dung dch bc nitrat v HCl c B. Dung dch Br2 ; Zn D. C A, B u c

Bi 14 . C hn hp kh gm: SO2, CO2, C2H4. Chn nhm thuc th no sau y tch thu

Bi 15 . Dng cht no sau y tch CH3CHO khi hn hp gm CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3OH, CH3OCH3? A. Dd HCl C2H5OH, CH3CHO? A. NaOH, H2SO4 D. HNO3, K B. HCl, Na C. NaHSO3, Mg B. dd AgNO3/NH3 C. NaHSO3v dd HCl D. dd NaOH Bi 16 . Dng cc cht no sau y tch CH3COOH khi hn hp gm CH3COOH,

Bi 17: C 4 gi bt trng: glucoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Hy chn thuc th c th nhn bit c c 4 cht trong cc thuc th sau: A. nc, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, dung dch NaOH. B. nc, O2 (t chy), dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. C. nc, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, dung dch I2. D. nc, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.

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