NHM 13 TI :

DIOXIN
GVHD: Trn Quang Ngc Lp : 52CNMT

Danh sch nhm 13

1.H Vnh c 2.ng Th Huyn 3.Ng Trng Ngn 4.Nguyn Vn Tn 5.H Bo Vy

Ni dung
I. Gii thiu v dioxin II. Ngun gc pht sinh dioxin III.Thc trng dioxin Vit Nam IV.Tc ng ca dioxin i vi mi trng v con ngi V. Cc bin php gim thiu v x l dioxin

I. Gii thiu v dioxin

1. Dioxin l g ??? Dioxin l tn gi chung ca mt nhm hng trm cc hp cht ha hc tn ti bn vng trong mi trng cng nh trong c th con ngi v cc sinh vt khc

 Mt s cht trong nhm PCDD

CU TRUC HOA HOC VA CAC C TINH CUA DIOXIN 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Cl Cl

O O

Cl Cl

Dn xut ny l dng c nht ca dioxin

2. Tnh cht
trng thi rn, khng mu, khng mi, kt tinh trng thi tinh khit.. Bn vng trong mi trng v t b phn hy do cc yu t bn ngoi nh: nhit , m, ha cht, t tan trong cc dung mi hu c, khng tan trong nc.

II. Cc Ngun Pht Sinh

T qu trnh t chy (cc hp cht hu c vi s c mt ca clo).

T qu trnh sn xut v s dng mt s thuc dit c.

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 T cc qu trnh t nhin nh: chy rng, phun tro ni la. Ngoi ra, nhng con ng phn hy sinh hc hon ton cng to ra Dioxin. Pht thi vo nc cc ha cht cha Dioxin. Pht thi cc sn phm cha thnh phn Dioxin

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 Pht thi trc tip cc sn phm tp nhim, nc thi cha thnh phn Dioxin vo t hay lng t t khng kh vo t.

III.Thc trng dioxin Vit Nam

Trong 10 nm(1961 1971), tri di trn cc tnh ca min Nam Vit Nam, qun i M s dng 72 triu lt cht c ha hc dit cy, trong trn 40 triu lt cht c da cam c cha dioxin. Din tch t b ri Vit Nam t 1962-1969 t rng 1824240 ha t canh tc 202000 ha Tng s 2026240 ha

Ngun: Phng Tu Bi
a phng

n v: ha

Din tch t Din tch nhin b ri

% Sr/Sr

Cc tnh trung trung b Cc tnh nam trung b Cc tnh ty nguyn Cc tnh ng nam b

960.120 4.588.022 5.613.390 2.350.414

323.866 930.723 740.393 1.338.423

33,73 20,28 13,19 56,94

Tng cng

13.511.945 3.333.405

24,67

Cc v tr chu nh hng dioxin min Nam Vit nam

V tr sn mu sm chu nh hng ca cht c dioxin

Bn v cc a im ri cht c da cam/dioxin min Nam Vit Nam, mt , khi lng ri v biu v mc bi thng cho cc CCB M trong cc cuc chin tranh

My bay qun i M ri cht c da cam xung lng mc,nng thn min Nam VN

 Nng

Hu

Bin Ha

IV.Tc ng ca dioxin i vi mi trng v con ngi

1. Tc ng ti mi trng
a.Mi trng t:
- Vic thi cht dit c cha 2,4 D v 2,4,5-T lm thc y nhanh qu trnh phn hy lp t mu m trn mt, tng nguy c t b xi mn, lm thay i thnh phn th nhng ca t.

 Cc vng cn lu tn dioxin trong t lng cao sau 30 nm thng l cc vng trm thy (ngp nhiu thng trong nm), t rt chua phn (pH < 3,5), do kh tm loi vi sinh vt thch nghi v pht trin hu hiu trong iu kin ny.

b.Mi trng nc
- Dioxin t tan trong nc nn c tm thy rt t trong nc, ch yu c y bn, trm tch bin. - Cc phn t ca cht c ny l lng v bm vo cc loi rong ru, bn t trong cc ao h v ngm vo lng t

c.Mi trng khng kh:

- Dioxin tn ti di dng hi hoc bm vo cc ht bi.

d.i vi thc vt
Lm cho cy ci b rng l, gy ra hin tng xi mn khi c cc trn ma ln, t l cun theo t xung cc dng sng lm cho nc b nhim, dn n cc loi thy sinh cng b nhim v cui cng l con ngi.

2.TAC HI CUA DIOXIN N CON NGI

 Dioxin cng l cht gy ung th.

UNG TH DA

 Dioxin tc ng ln b phn sinh sn n gii.

Bin i hormon Vim mng d con Tc ng ln b my sinh sn ph n Ri lon chc nng bung trng

Gim kh nng sinh sn Ph n

 Dioxin tc ng ln b phn sinh sn nam gii.

Gim lng testosterone Gim s lng tinh trng Tc ng ln b my sinh sn nam gii

Tinh hon bin i bt thng

Gim kch thc c quan sinh dc

VI. Cc bin php gim thiu v x l Dioxin

1. Bin php gim thiu: Trng rng nhm trnh xi mn t mang theo dioxin ra khi ni tch t ban u. Lp t cc thit b lc - hp th khi bi c cha c cha Dioxin trong cc nh my. Ngn chn cc con ng nhim Dioxin vo thc n.

 C nhng nghin cu su hn v thi gian bn phn hy ca Dioxin trong Mi trng. Nghin cu v c ch tng tc gia dioxin v sinh vt.
Ngn chn s pht tn sinh hc ca Dioxin trong mi trng. Mi ngi dn phi c thc hn trong nhng bo v mi trng sng xung quanh.

2. Phng php x l
A: Phng php x l ha l.
Phng php ph hy bng nhit l phng php trc tip nht x l v hy nhng vt cht b nhim CDD v di iu kin thch hp, s ph v CDD c bo m ngi ta s dng l nung, l quay, l thiu c bm dch, l thiu bng tia hng ngoi.

Phng php kh hp thu nhit

*Mt ging c bit bng b tng c thit k cho cng vic x l

dioxin. Bn trong ging l mt b bng thp c t ngn vi ging b tng bng mt lp ngn cch. Cc thit b gia nhit c t bn trong lp thng bng thp, nhit c iu chnh bng nhit k cho ph hp. Mt thit b c t gia b, ri qua cylon, n thit b i ha nhit. Kh c lm mt qua trao i nhit c hp th bng than hot tnh v cui cng khng kh sch c x l.

B: Phng php sinh hc

Tip xc,hp th trn b mt

TCDD

VSV
Tit ezim ngoi bo,oxh hchc

Cht hu c trung gian, n gin hn

qu trnh sinh trng, pht trin vsv

Cht hu c khng c + Kh (CO2, CH4...)

Mt s chng vi khun kh Dioxin

TABLE 1: Summary of Known Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Dioxins a PCDD Compound 23-DCDD Microbial Culture Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1 Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1 Anaerobic consortiumc Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1 Anaerobic consortiumc Anaerobic enrichment c Methanogenic enrichment 1234-TCDD
c

Degradation Rate (% removal / time) 53% / 28 days

Known Genes Involved Putative dechl. genes b Putative genes Unknown Putative genes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

Productsd 2-CDD 23-/ 13-DCDD, 2-MCDD

References of Interest Bunge et al. (2003) others Bunge et al. (2003) Ballerstedt et al. (2004) Bunge et al. (2003)

123-TrCDD

60% / 57 days

124-TrCDD

55% / 57 days

13-DCDD, 2-MCDD

Ballerstedt et al. (2004) Bunge et al. (2008) others

124-TrCDD 13-/ 23-DCDD 2-MCDD Bunge et al. (2003) Fennell et al. (2004) 2378-TCDD, DCDD, 237-TrCDD 1378-/ 1248-TCDD Bunge et al. (2003)

Sulfate reducing Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1 D. ethanogenes 195

c

24% / 84 days

Putative genes Putative genes Putative genes

12378-PeCDD Dehalococcoides sp.CBDB1 Mixed culture containing D. ethanogenes 195

75% / 84 days 10% / 200 days 40% / 200 days

123478-HCDD
a b c d

Putative genes

Liu (2008)

Adapted from Field and Alvarez, (2008). Top E. M., Holben

W. E. , Forney L. J (1995), Characterization of We cannot implicate a specific Diverse 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Deg or pceA have been implicated. gene or genes to the dechlorination of PCDD/Fs. Only genes similar to tceA
The culture was first enriched on another clorinated electron acceptor General product listand not specific to one culture. Products are listed in decreasing order of rate of formation.

* Vic x l Dioxin trn c th ngi gp nhiu kh khn. Dioxin tch ly trong c th ngi ti cc m m, khng b phn gii trong c th v bi tit nguyn vn qua ng mt, sa. Mt s gii php loi tr Dioxin ra khi c th: Lm gim c tnh Dioxin trn c th bng cch s dng nhng cht c tc dng kh mnh nh: axit bo cha vitamin C, E, Fe, Se vi liu lng nh. Gim trng lng c th: tiu m lm gim lng Dioxin trong c th. Ngi m nhim Dioxin khng cho con b sa.

ng hnh vi nn nhn cht c Da cam!

Ti liu tham kho

1. L Huy B, c hc mi trng.Nh xut bn i hc Thnh Ph H Ch Minh-2006. 2. Nguyn B Tip (2006), Tm hiu c cht Dioxin, ngun http://www.tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com 3. http://www.khoahoc.com.vn/doisong/moitruong/tham-hoa. 4. http://www.yeumoitruong.com/forum/attachment 5.http://www.google.com.vn/search?hl=vi&q=c+ch+ gy+ra+bnh+ung+th+t+dioxin&gs_sm