TRNG CAO NG K THUT CNG NGH NG NAI KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM & MI TRNG

FACULITY OF FOOD & ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY (FFE)

BO CO THC HNH

HP NC RAU QU

Gio vin ging dy: Nguyn Th Ngn LP 08CTP01. NHM III T I Nhm thc hin: DNG T HOAN BI CNG HOAN NGUYN TH KIM HNG PHAN TH THY HNG V TH KIM HNG NGUYN TH THANH HNG ng Nai, 11/11/ 2010

I. GII THIU V NHA AM.

I.1. Lch s v ngun gc ca nha am.

CY NHA AM -Cy nha am c dn gian gi l cy li h -Trong t in m n c tn l: l hi -Tn khoa hc l: Aloe vera linne -Thuc h: hnh ti c ngun gc t chu phi -T xa xa con ngi xem Nha am nh mt loi tho dc. Trong cc ti liu c xa ca ngi Sumeri vit bng ch hnh nm trn cc phin nung c ngi ta tm thy thnh ph Nippur cch y vo khong 2200 nm trc cng nguyn cho thy ngi c xa bit s dng cc loi l cy Nha am lm thuc ty x. Cn ghi chp ca ngi Ai Cp c i trn giy sy cch y 1550 nm trc cng nguyn cho thy h bit dng l Nha am nguyn cht hoc mt s loi tho dc khc bo ch ra 12 bi thuc khc nhau cha cc loi bnh khc nhau v ni hay ngoi mt cch hiu qu. Trn cc vn

t c xa v cc bng chng trn vch n i, trong cc sch v y khoa ca ngi Ba T c, ngi Rp, La M, n , cc b lc Chu Phi, Chu M chng minh cy Nha am c s dng cha bnh tt, tng cng sinh lc v lm p da. -Vo khong 400 nm trc cng nguyn, nha Nha am v l Nha am kh c bn sang Chu . -Vo khong 50 nm trc cng nguyn, Clesins mt thy thuc ngi Hy Lp s dng nha Nha am lm thuc ty. K t , Nha am c gii y hc quan tm v dng rng ri trong ng y ln Ty y. Ngi Trung Quc gi Nha am l L Hi v l l en, hi l t li, kt li. L Hi c ngha l cy cho nha en. L hi c s dng Trung Quc vo khong th k t 7 - 8 i Ty - ng. Cc thy thuc Trung Quc dng Nha am cha bnh st cao, co git tr em v h cn dng lm thuc ty x. -Vo th k th 17, Nha am c ngi Ty Ban Nha xut sang Chu M v y l khu vc sn xut chnh cy Nha am ri xut khu sang Chu u. -Nm 1720, cy Nha am c Cart Von Linne m t v t tn Aloe Vera Linne, tn thnh tn khoa hc ca Nha am v c gii khoa hc cng nhn cho n nay. Nm 1820, Nha am chnh thc c cng nhn trong t in M vi tn l L Hi c tc dng ty x v bo v da.Nha am c mi lin h vi ti v Mng ty v cng h hnh ti vi khong 240 loi nhng ch c 4 loi di y l c gi tr v mt y hc r nt nht: Aloe Barbadensis-Curacao Aloe. Aloe Perryi- Bake or socotrine aloe. Aloe Ferox Cape Aloe. Aloe Aborecens. Cc sn phm c chit xut t Nha am ch yu da vo 2 thnh phn chnh l tht trng trong ca l nha am v nha c chit xut t lp mng ngoi ca l.

-Ti Vit Nam, cy Nha am mc hoang ven b bin cc tnh Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun. Hin nay Nha am c nhn ging mt cch khoa hc v trng nhiu ni trn ton quc cung cp cho cng nghip ch bin v p ng nhu cu tiu dng ca mi ngi. Nhiu cng ty ch bin thc phm v nc ung u t v khuyn khch cc h nng dn trng v pht trin vn cy Nha am trn bnh din rt ln p ng nguyn liu cho sn xut. 1.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca cy nha am. +Cht nha trong sut trong l nha am cn c gi l "l hi". Cht nha ca nha am khi c c li s c mu en (cn gi l Alos). Phn tch thnh phn nha ly t l nha am, cc nh nghin cu tm thy cc cht sau: +Tinh du mu vng, si 266 -271, cho mi c bit , t quan trng v mt dc l.

Hp cht Anthraquinon: y l thnh phn c tc dng ca nha am bao gm: Aloe Emodin (cht ny khng c trong dch ti nha am). Trong nha kh, Aloe Emodin chim 0,05%-0,5% cht ny tan trong ete, cloroform, benzen.
o

Barbaloin: Chim 15-30% thnh phn nha ca nha am. Cht ny s tan dn khi ngoi khng kh v nh sng. Tan trong nc, cn, axeton, rt t trong benzen v cloroform.

Aloinosit A, Aloinosit B, Anthranol...

a. Glycozit, Aloezin, Aloenin... b. Cht nha: Este ca axt cinnamic.

c. Cht hu c: Monosaccharit, Polysacarit, xenluloza, mannoza, L-rhamnoza v.v d. Cc vitamin: gm B1, B2, B6 v axt folic. e. Cc Enzym: Oxydaza, Lipaza, Amilaza, Catalaza, Allnilaza v.v

f. Cc nguyn t khong vi lng: Km, kali, magi, crom, mangan, canxi v.v.

Hot cht ch yu l cht aloine. Aloine khng phi l mt cht thun nht m l gm nhng antraglocozit c tinh th, v ng c tc dng ty. T l Aloine thay i ty theo ngun gc L Hi.

Thng thng, t l l 16-20%. Perrier c nh hng Aloine trong L Hi Vit Nam th thy t l ny ln t 26%. Tuy nhin cng c tc gi khng cho Aloine l hot cht ty c duy nht, v nhiu loi L Hi c cng mt lng Aloine m li c tc dng ty khc nhau.. - C 13 cht khc nhau thuc loi Lignine, Saponine, Pectine v Antrachinoni cha cc cht tr sinh chng li cc loi vi khun. - C 8 loi vitamines cn thit cho sc ln mnh ca cc t bo nui dng c th, ch to ra mu iu ha c th v cha lnh cc vt thng. - Cy Nha am cha trn 20 th mui m cn thit cho c th. - Sacaridi n v a dng. - Minoacidi chnh yu. - Amonocidi ph thuc. - Cht men Oxyt ht cc yu t nng ct.

1.3 Li ch v cng dng ca nha am. + Nha am c cac nha nghin cu thao dc va y hoc dn gian xem la mt loai "cy thuc", loai cy co dang ging cy xng rng va la hinh dao gm cha y cht gel trong sut nay a c mang t Chu Phi sang Bc My vao th ky 16.. + Trong nhng thp nin gn y, cac nghin cu y khoa a xac inh va a ra nhiu tuyn b y khoa la loai cht ng trong sut nay c dung vi dang nc hoc cung co th dung di dang vin nang mm chinh la phn ct loi cua cy l hi. giup lam lanh vt thng + Phn ln la l hi cha y cht gel (96% cht nc), co cha 75 loai cht a c cng b. Nu thoa vao vt thng, no co tac dung la loai thuc t nhe va giup giam nga, sng au; ng thi no cung co tac dung khang khun va chng nm, lam tng vic lu thng mau vung bi thng, kich thich cac nguyn bao si va t bao da co nhim vu lam lanh vt thng. - Lam diu vt bong - Giam thiu ti a chng phat cc - Bao v khoi cht phong xa - Lam lanh cac thng tn do bnh vy nn - Co Tac Dung i Vi Cac Vn V Rut - Lam giam lng ng trong mau cho chng bnh tiu ng - Giam ch Theo T in Bch khoa dc hc v sch Nhng cy thuc v v thuc ca Vit Nam th nha am l mt loi dc tho. ng y xp nha am vo loi thuc x mnh, dng nhiu lm tn thng tn dch v chnh kh. Nha am gip tiu ha v kch thch nh nim mc rut, dng liu cao n ty mnh gy xung huyt rut gi.

- B sung dinh dng cho cac bnh nhn nhim HIV - Kich Thich Phan ng Min Dich Chng Ung Th - Co tac dung tt vi bnh ung th phi Tuy nhin nha nha am dng liu cao c th gy ng c. L nha am c v ng, lp v xanh bn ngoi cha mt s c tnh rt c hi. Cht nhy polysaccharide trong nha am l mt chui phn t bao gm cc mannose c lp v cc phn t glucoz kt hp vi nhau. C nhiu loi kch c ca cc cht nhy polysaccharide trong nha am v cc kch c ny s quyt nh nhng c tnh cha bnh khc nhau. Cc phn t trong cht nhy ca cy nha am rt mong manh, d v. Khi l nha am b ct, cc enzym ca cy c gii phng, bin chui cu to ng c bit ca nha am thnh chui cu to ng n gin. Vic ny lm mt i mt s tnh nng cha bnh ca nha am. Do , s n nh cc cht nhy trong cy nha am l vn mu cht bo v s kt hp cc tnh nng cha bnh ca loi cy c cha trn 160 dng cht ny nh vitamin, amino acid, khong cht v enzym 2. Gii thiu v hp nc rau qu. 2.1. Khi nim v hp nc rau qu. + hp nc rau qu l nhng cht c gi tr dinh dng cao nht trong rau qu nh ng, acid hu c, vitamin u tp trung dch qu. Nh c y v cn i cc cht y nn nc qu c hng v rt thm ngon. + hp nc qu ch yu dng ung, ngoi ra cn dng ch bin xiro qu , ru mi, nc gii kht c np kh 2.2. Phn loi - Ngi ta phn loi hp nc qu nh sau: + Cn c vo mc t nhin, ngi ta phn thnh cc loi - Nc qu t nhin: Ch bin t mt loi qu khng cho thm ng, tinh du, cht mu. Nc qu t nhin dng

 ung trc tip hoc ch bin cc loi nc ngt, ru mi. Nc cc loi qu qu chua khi ung phi pha thm ng. tng hng v nc qu i khi ngi ta cho ln men ru mt phn hoc ton b ng trong nc qu t nhin - Nc qu hn hp: Ch bin bng cch trn ln nhiu loi ncqu khc nhau, lng nc qu pha thm khng qu 35% lng nc qu chnh. Nc qu pha ng: tng v ngon, mt s nc qu nh chanh, cam, qut ngi ta pha thm ng. - Nc qu c c: ch bin bng cch c c nc qu t nhin theo phng php un nng hay phng php lnh ng. Nc qu c c c li l tn bao b, kho tng , vn chuyn v t b vi sinh vt gy h hng. Cn c theo phng php bo qun ngi ta chia nc qu thnh cc loi: - Nc qu thanh trng: ng vo bao b kn, thanh trng bng cch un nng trc hoc sau khi khp kn. - Nc qu bo qun lnh: Bo qun nhit 0 20C. - Nc qu np kh: np CO2 c ch s hot ng ca vi sinh vt v tng tnh cht gii kht . - Nc qu sunfit ha: bo qun SO2, dng lm bn ph phm. - Nc qu ru ha: pha ru c ch s hot ng ca vi sinh vt ri ng trong bao b thanh trng. +Cn c theo trong ca sn phm, ngi ta chia nc qu thnh cc loi: - Nc qu khng c tht qu: l dch bo c tch khi m qu ch yu bng cch p sau em lng ri lc. Tu theo mc trong cn thit m ngi ta lc th (nc qu c) hay lc k (nc qu trong).

- Nc qu c tht qu: l dch bo ln vi cc m c nghin mn v pha ch vi nc ng. - Nc qu khng tht qu c hnh thc hp dn, t b bin i khi bo qun hn nc qu c tht qu. Cc loi qu cha nhiu carotin nh m,thanh long, qut hoc c tht qu nc nh chui u ch nn ch bin nc qu dng c tht qu, v carotin khng tan trong nc v v m qu qu mm khng th ly ring dch qu bng cch p.

II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH Nguyn liu La chn, phn loi Phi ch Rt bao b

Np

Ra, sy

Bi Ra kh,ng np X l Thanh trng Chit tch nc Cung, u b

Lm trong Gii thch quy trnh Bao b Ra, sy Ra, sy Bao b

Sn phm

ng ha

Phi ch

ng, nc, acid citric, ph gia, cht bo qun ng, nc, acidcitric, ph gia, cht bo qun

- Nguyn liu: phi ti tt, khng dp nt, khng b nhim su bnh, mu sc p, mi v hp dn, qu c chn ph hp. - l c: loi b cung, ht, v,nhng phn gy ra v cht, khng c gi tr dinh dng v gy mu sm cho sn phm. - X l nguyn liu tng hiu sut thu hi dch qu:dng enzyme, nhit, c
Ln lt ct v lc ht v ly phn trong sut ca l.

- Chit tch dch: p hoc trch ly thu dch ch bin nc qu khng dch qu. Nghin, xay, ch thu hi dch ch bin nc qu c tht qu. - Lm trong: i vi nc qu trong, lm trong v n nh trong bng phng php nhit, enzyme, ha keo, lc, - ng ha lm nh tht qu vi nc qu c tht qu. - Phi ch: o Bx ca dch lc, tnh ton lng siro phi trn to thnh sn phm 15 20 0Bx. Chun b siro: ng saccarose v lng nc pha long c tnh ton. Ha tan ng vo nc nng ri un, lc. sau cho thm acid citric, acid ascorbic, cht bo qun. Tin hnh rt nng gp phn bi kh, mc dch phi cch ming chai khong 15 20 mm. i vi nc qu c v nectar: b sung ph gia chng phn lp, n nh dung dch nh pectin, xanthangum, CMC, ph gia cn ngm trng n, ha tan trc khi cho vo dch siro - Sau phi ch, cn ng ha ng nht dung dch vi nc qu c v nectar

- ng bao b: s dng chai thy tinh, rt nng v cch ming chai 1 -3 cm. Bi kh v ng np chai. - Thanh trng: nhm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm. dng phng php thanh trng di tc dng ca nhit .

Ni dung thc hin: - Thc hin ch bin hp nc qu trong, c, nectar vi cc nguyn liu khc nhau. + Kho st phng php x l nguyn liu tng hiu sut thu hi dung dch: + Lnh ng 24 gi trc khi p, dng enzym pectinase, chn nguyn liu, + Kho st phng php thu hi dch: p, trch ly, p- trch ly, xay, nghin, ch, + Kho st dch siro b sung: thay i hm lng ng, acid citric + Kho st ph gia s dng: loi ph gia v hm lng s dng + Kho st thng s k thut cc cng on: x l, to hnh, chn, bi kh, thanh trng, - Tnh ton cn bng vt cht, hiu sut s dng nguyn liu, Kt qu tnh ton v bn lun

m chai = 300 m chai + m nc = 440 => m nc = 140 ml Nha am : 10 % = 14 (g) Acid 0.1 % = 0.14 Pectin :0,15% = 0, 21(g) ng: 30% = 42 (g)

A gar: 0,2% = 0,28 (g)

Bn lun v sn phm : nhn chung cc sn phm cht lng cha c cao. Sau khi cm quan th em thy mt s t, trong t em cng xy ra tnh trng b bm cn y chai. Lm cho sn phm khng c p, mt s nhm th ngt qu , c v hi chua. Ni chung th sn phm lm ra cha c cht lng cao,ch l quy m nh.

2.3 Mt s sn phm khc. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi sn phm hp tri cy khc nhau nh : hp qu vi, hp qu i, nhn, xoi, c chua , c rt, du, da hu, da gang, m, da, chm chm, thanh long, chanh dy, Di y l mt s hnh nh v cc loi hp nc tri cy.

III. KT LUN. Tm li cc cuc nghin cu u cho thy Nha am c tc dng kch thch h thng min dch, chng cn c kh nng chng li cc khi u. Do c th ni thuc chit xut t Nha am c th gp phn chng li cc bnh v siu vi cng nh ung th nhng cc nh khoa hc vn cha khng nh c l L Hi c th thay th cc loi thuc c tr hay ch nn dng nh mt loi dinh dng b sung cho sc khng ca c th. Nha am cn c gi tr dinh dng rt cao, n cng l mt loi nc ung c mi ngi quan tm ti hin nay. Nu nh vic sn xut ch bin nha am c m rng v pht trin rng khp th l mt c hi cho mt thc ung mi c ph bin trn th trng , mi ngi s bit ti mt sn phm nc ung ng chai b r v ngon.