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com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3

S Gio Dc v o To Tr Vinh
Trng THPT Tr C
T Ton.
Chuyn :
Gv: Cao Vn Sc
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www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
Nm Hc: 2009 2010.
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
I. L do chn ti:
Phng trnh v bt phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i l kin thc rt quan trng trong
b mn ton ni chung v mn ton 10 ni ring. Tuy nhin khi gii phng trnh v bt phng
trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i th hc sinh thng lng tng khng bit nn gii nh th no hay
dng phng php no gii.
V vy Ti vit sng kin v PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH C CHA
DU GI TR TUYT I nhm cng c v gii tt bi ton PHNG TRNH V BT
PHNG TRNH CHA DU GI TR TUYT I.
II. Phng php:
Nghin cu thc nghim ti lp 10A
1
Trng THPT Tr C nm hc 2009 2010.
III. Ni dung:
Vn 1: Phng php chia khong.
Dng nh ngha:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
; 0
; 0
f x f x
f x
f x f x

'
<

Xt du cc biu thc trong du gi tr tuyt i trn cng mt bng.

Chia ra mt s khong trn trc s m mi khong ny ta bit du ca cc biu thc
trong tr tuyt i.
Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh trong khong ang xt.
Th d: Gii phng trnh: ( )
2
2 1 1 1 x x x +
Gii:
Bng xt du:
x

0 1\ 2 1
+
2
x x
+ 0 - - 0 +
2 1 x
- - 0 + +
i/ 0 x : ( )
2 2
1 1 2 1 3 0 x x x x x +

( )
0
0
3
x
x
x L

.
ii/
1
0
2
x <
: ( )
2 2
1 1 2 1 0 x x x x x +
( )
0
1
x
L
x

.
iii/
1
1
2
x <
: ( )
2 2
1 1 2 1 3 2 0 x x x x x + +
.
iv/ 1 x > : ( )
2 2
1 1 2 1 2 0 x x x x x + +
( )
1

2
x
L
x

Vy: { } 0;1 S
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Bi tp tng t:
1. Gii cc phng trnh:
a.
7 2 5 3 2 x x x + +
b.
( )
2
1 1
1
2
x x
x x
+ +

c.
2
1 1 x x +
2. Gii cc bt phng trnh.
a.
2
2
4 3
1
5
x x
x x
+

+
.
b.
2 3
1
1
x
x

+
c.
2 1 1 x
d.
9
3
5 3
x
x


3. Gii phng trnh.

2 2
5 4 9 5 4 10 0 x x x x x x + + +
4. Gii v bin lun.
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 m x m m x m x m m x + + + + +
5. Gii h

1 2 2
2 2 3
x y
x y
+ +

'
+

6. Tm tt c cc nghim nguyn ca h.

2
1 0
2 1 1 0
y x x
y x

'
+ +

Vn 2: Phng php bin i tng ng.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
f x g x f x g x f x g x t
.

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
0 g x
f x g x
f x g x

'
t

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
f x g x f x g x < <
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 f x g x f x g x + < 1 1
] ]

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x g x f x g x < < <

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
f x g x
<
>

>

Th d: Gii v bin lun phng trnh:

2 2
2 x x m x x + + + +
.
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www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
Gii:
phng trnh c nghim ta phi c iu kin:
2
2 0 1 2 x x x + +
Khi phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 x x m x x + + + +
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 0 x m x m + + +

( )
( )
2
2
2
1
2 2 0
2
2 2 2 0
2
2
m
x
x m
m x m
x

+ + +

( ) 1
c nghim ( ) 2 0 * m
khi nghim ca n l:

1 2
2 2
;
2 2
m m
x x


Kim tra iu kin:

1
2
1 2 2 6
2
m
x m

. Kt hp vi
( ) *
ta c
6 2 m

2
2
1 2 1 0 2
2
m
x m

2
1 2 6 0
2
m
x m
+

. Gi
3
3
2
m
x
+

.
Kt lun:

6 2: m m S < >

{ } 6: 2 m S

2 3
6 0: ;
2 2
m m
m S

+
< <
' ;



{ } 0: 1;1 m S

2 2
0 2: ;
2 2
m m
m S


< <
' ;



{ } 2: 0 m S
Bi tp tng t:
1. Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh.
a.
2 2
2 2 1 x x x
b.
2
5 4 1 x x x + >
c.
2 2
3 2 1 x x x x
2. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh:
a.
2 2
2 1 1 2 x mx m x mx m + + + +
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
b.
2
1 1 mx x x + +
c.
2
2 1 1 x mx x + + +
3. Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh.
a.
2
5 4 x x a + <
b.
2 2
2 3 x x a x x a + + +
4. nh
a
phng trnh sau c 4 nghim phn bit: ( )
2
1 2 x x a
Vn 3: Phng php t n ph
Th d: nh
m
phng trnh c nghim:
2 2
2 1 0 x x m x m +
Gii:
t
1 ; 0 t x t
Phng trnh cho c vit: ( )
2 2
1 0 1 t mt m +
.
Phng trnh cho c nghim

( ) 1
c t nht 1 nghim 0 t .
i/ ( ) 1
c nghim 0 t
2
1 0 1 m m t .
ii/ ( ) 1
c hai nghim tri du
2
1 0 1 1 m m < < < .
iii/ ( ) 1
c cc nghim u dng
2
2
3 4 0
0
0 1 0
0 0
m
P m
S m
+

> >
' '

> >

2 3 2 3
3 3
1 1
0
m
m m
m

< >
'

>

2 3
1
3
m < .
Kt hp cc kt qu c, ta i n:
2 3
1
3
m .
Vy:
2 3
1
3
m .
Bi tp tng t:
1. Gii v bin lun bt phng trnh:

2
2 2 2 x m mx x <
2. nh
m
bt phng trnh sau c nghim:

2 2
2 1 0 x x m m m + + +
3. nh
m
phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
( )
2
2 1 2 2 mx m x mx +
4. nh
m

2
2 2 2 0 x mx x m + + >
vi mi
x
.
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
Vn 4: Phng php th.
Th d: Tm
m
phng trnh
2 2
2 4 x x x x m + +
c nghim.
Gii:
G
88
66
44
22
-22
-44
-66
-10 1 -55 55 10 1
y=f(x)
)
y=m
m
OO -11
-3
Ta c ( )
2
2 2
2 3 2; 1 2
2 4
5 2; 1 2
x x x x
f x x x x x
x x
+
+ +
'
+ < <

S nghim ca phng trnh l s giao im ca th hm s ( ) y f x

v ng thng
y m
Da vo th ta suy ra: phng trnh c nghim 3 m .
Vy: 3 m .
Bi tp tng t:
1. nh
a
phng trnh
2
0 x x a +
c nghim.
2. nh
m
phng trnh
2 2
2 3 2 5 8 2 x x m x x
c nghim.
IV. Kt qu:
p dng vo vic bi dng hc sinh gii.
VI. Kt lun:
Trn y Ti nu mt s phng php gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh cha n
trong du gi tr tuyt i m chng trnh lp 10 nng cao thng gp cc em d dng gii
khi gp chng. Tuy nhin s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong s ng gp t BGH, qu
Thy c trong T v cc em hc sinh.
Duyt ca BGH Duyt Ca T trng Gio vin thc hin.
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com Trung tm bi dng kin thc vn ha cho hc sinh cp 2 + 3
Cao Vn Sc
1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh