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Bi s 1: Khi cho khng kh c cha kh clo i qua mt ng ng mui KBr, khi lng ca mui gim bt 178 mg.

. Xc nh hm lng ca kh clo ( trong khng kh. Li gii: Sau khi phn ng, mui KBr gim khi lng l v clo thay th brom. Mt mol c khi lng ln hn mt mol l: 160g - 71g = 89g. S mol phn ng l: 0,178/89 Lng kh clo c trong khng kh l : 71g .0,002 = 0,142g hay 142 mg Hm lng ca kh clo trong khng kh l : 142/20 Bi 2: Hn hp A gm v nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm v mt th tch va oxi ho thnh iu ch 191,1 gam dung dch . Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. - Tnh khi lng kt ta A. - Tnh % khi lng ca KClO3 trong A. Cho : C = 12, O = 16, Cl = 35,5, K = 39, Ca = 40.

Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, tng s mol KCl trong (trong 32 v 111 l KLPT ca O2 v ca ). Mt khc :

Gii h phng trnh, ta c: x = 0,4

Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: a) HCl, NaCl, NaNO3, NaBr - Dng qu tm nhn c HCl ( do qu tm ho ) - Dng dd AgNO3 : + Nhn c NaCl ( do xut hin kt ta AgCl mu trng) NaCl + AgNO3 -> AgCl + NaNO3 + Nhn c NaBr ( do xut hin kt ta AgBr mu vng) NaBr + AgNO3 -> AgBr + NaNO3 - Cn li khng c hin tng g l NaNO3 b) HCl, HNO3, NaCl, BaCl2 - Dng qu tm, ta c 2 nhm: + Nhm 1: gm HCl, HNO3 ( do lm qu tm ho ) + Nhm 2: gm NaCl, BaCl2 ( qu tm khng i mu) - Dng dd AgNO3 cho tc dng vi nhm 1 + Nhn c HCl ( do xut hin kt ta AgCl mu trng) + Nhn c HNO3 ( khng c hin tng) - Dng dd H2SO4 ( hoc dd Na2SO4) cho tc dng vi nhm 2 + Nhn c BaCl2 ( do xut hin kt ta BaSO4 mu trng) + Nhn c NaCl ( khng c hin tng) Cc bi tp p dng: Bi 1: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau: a) NaOH, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3

b) NaBr, HCl, KCl, HBr Bi 2: Nhn bit cc dung dch sau ch dng 1 thuc th: a) HCl, KBr, ZnI2, Mg(NO3)2 b) KOH, HCl, NH4Cl, CuCl2, (NH4)2CO3 Bi 3: Khng dng thm thuc th, hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau: a) CuCl2, HCl, KOH, ZnCl2 b) CuSO4, KOH, KCl, AgNO3 Bi 1: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp km v magi tc dng ht vi dung dch axit HCl 0.1M thu c 0,6 gam kh v dung dch X. a) C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng? 2HCl -> H2 0,6(mol) 0,3 (mol) Khi lng mui khan = mhhKL + mCl = 17,7 + 0,6*35,5 = 39(gam) nHCl = 0,6 (mol) => VddHCl = n/CM = 0,6/0,1 = 6(lit) Bi 2: Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Mg, Zn, Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thy sinh ra V lit kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 86,6 gam mui khan. Tnh V?

Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 17,5 gam hn hp gm Mg, Cu, Zn vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M ( va ) thu c dung dch A. Cho dn xt vo thu c kt ta ti a, lc kt ta ri nung ( khng c khng kh) n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m?

Bi 4: cho 3,2 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3 v CuO tc dng va vi 1lit dung dch HCl 0.1M. Khi lng mui clorua to ra l bao nhiu?

Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp gm 1 mui cacbonat c kim loi ho tr I v 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II trong axit HCl th to thnh 0,2 mol kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?

* Da vo s bng nhau ca nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi Bi: tc dng va vi 5,6 gam st cn dng V ml dung dch HCl. Nu cng dng V ml dung dch HCl trn th khi lng CaO cn ly tc dng va vi vi lng axit trn l bao nhiu?

Tng t cc bn hy gii v gi p n cc bi sau: Bi 1: Cho hn hp CaO v KOH tc dng dung dch HCl thu c hn hp 2 mui clorua c t l mol 1:1. Tnh % khi lng ca CaO v KOH trong hn hp u? Bi 2: Cho a gam hn hp KHCO3 v CaCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Kh thot ra dn vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. Tnh a? Bi 3: tc dng va vi 3,6 gam hn hp gm CaS v FeO phi dng ht bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,5M? * Da vo mi quan h gia cht u v cht cui VD: Sc kh clo d vo dung dch cha NaBr v NaI n phn ng hon ton thy to ra 1,17 gam NaCl. Tnh tng s mol hn hp NaBr v NaI c trong dung dch ban u?

Bn th p dng gii bi sau: Cho x gam hn hp bt 3 kim loi l Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi lng va V lit (ktc) kh clo c hn hp mui clorua tng ng. Cho hn hp mui ny tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 th c a gam kt ta trng. Nu cho V lit kh clo i qua dung dch KBr d ri tip tc dn sn phm qua dung dch KI d th thy to ra 25,4 gam I2. Tnh a gam kt ta trng?

XC NH TN NGUYN T
Posted on Thng Mt 4, 2008 by Phan Vinh

bit nguyn t cn tm l nguyn t no; ta cn xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t (M) Bi 1: Cho 12 gam mt kim loi ho tr 2 tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 5,6 lit kh ( 00C; 2 atm). Kim loi ho tr 2 l: A. canxi B. st C. magi D. ng

gi i
Gi kim loi ho tr 2 l R R + H2SO4 RSO4 + H2 S mol H2 = P.V/(R.T) = 0,5 (mol) T pt => s mol R = s mol H2 = 0,5 (mol) Ta c: MR = mR/nR = 12/0,5 = 24 Vy kim loi cn tm l Mg Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 1,44 gam kim loi R ho tr 2 vo 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung ho lng axit d phi dng 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. R l: A. Mg B. Zn

C. Pb D. Fe

Gi i
R + H2SO4 RSO4 + H2 (1) H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O (2) S mol NaOH = 0,06*0,5 = 0,03 (mol) S mol H2SO4 b = 0,3 * 0,25 = 0,075 (mol) T pt (2) => s mol H2SO4 (pt2) = S mol NaOH/2 = 0,015 (mol) => s mol H2SO4 (pt 1) = s mol H2SO4 b s mol H2SO4 (pt2) = 0,075 0,015 = 0,06 (mol) T pt (1) => s mol R = s mol H2SO4 (pt 1) = 0,06 (mol) => MR = mR/nR = 1,44/0,06 = 24 Vy kim loi R l Mg Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 13 gam kim loi M bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc), l kim loi: A. Magi B. Nhm C. St D. Km i vi bi ton khng cho ho tr kim loi, ta bin lun: ho tr kim loi l 1,2 hoc 3

Gi i
Gi ho tr ca kim loi M l x 2M + xH2SO4 M2(SO4)x + xH2

S mol H2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol) T pt => s mol M = 0,2*2/x = 0,4 /x ( mol) Ta c: MM = m/n = 13x/0,4 = 32,5 x Bin lun: Ho tr M 1 32,5 loi 2 65 nhn 3 97,5 loi

Vy kim loi M l km (M=65, ho tr 2) Bi 4: Cho 10,8 gam kim loi tc dng vi kh clo to ra 53,4 gam mui. Xc nh tn kim loi? A. Km B. Nhm C. St D. ng Bi 5: Cho p gam kim loi R tc dng ht vi Cl2 thu c 4,944p gam mui clorua. R l kim loi no? A. Magi B. Nhm C. St D. Km Bi 6:Cho 0,05 mol mui CaX2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 18,8 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca mui l: A. CaI2 B. CaF2 C. CaBr2

D. CaCl2

HIU SUT PHN NG


Posted on Thng Mt 3, 2008 by Phan Vinh

Bi 1: Tnh khi lng Natri v th tch kh clo cn dng iu ch 4,68 gam mui natri clorua, bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%

Gi i:
S mol NaCl = 4,68/58,5 = 0,08 (mol) 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl t pt => s mol Na = 0,08*100/80 = 0,1 (mol) S mol Cl2 = (0,08*100)/2*80 = 0,05 (mol) Khi lng Na = 0,1*23 = 2,3 (gam) Th tch Clo = 0,05*22,4 = 1,12 (lit) Bi 2: Cho 19,5 gam Zn phn ng vi 7 lit clo th thu c 36,72 gam ZnCl2. Tnh hiu sut phn ng?

Gi i

S mol Zn = 19,5/65 = 0,3 (mol) S mol Cl2 = 7/22,4 = 0,3125 (mol) s mol ZnCl2 = 0,27 (mol) Zn + Cl2 ZnCl2 Ta thy: s mol Cl2 > s mol Zn => so vi Cl2 th Zn l cht thiu, nn tnh theo Zn. T pt => s mol Zn phn ng = s mol ZnCl2 = 0,27 (mol) Hiu sut phn ng: H = nZn phn ng *100/nZn ban u = 0,27 * 100/0,3 = 90 % Bi 3: Nung nng 12,8 gam Cu vi Clo d. Xc nh khi lng mui CuCl2 thu c bit hiu sut phn ng l 83%?

Gi i:
s mol Cu = 12,8 /64 = 0,2 (mol) Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 T pt => s mol CuCl2 = s mol Cu *H/100 =0,2 *83/100 = 0,166 (mol) Khi lng CuCl2 = 0,166 * 135 = 22,41 (gam) Bi 4: Nung 12,87 gam NaCl vi H2SO4 c d thu c bao nhiu lit kh v bao nhiu gam mui Na2SO4, bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%? Bi 5: Xc nh khi lng thuc tm v axit HCl cn dng iu ch 5,6 lit kh clo, bit hiu sut phn ng l 80% Bi 6: T 120 kg FeS2 c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu lit dung dch H2SO4 98% (d=1,84 g/ml); bit hiu sut c qu trnh l 80%? Bi 7: T 1kg mui n ( 10,5% tp cht) iu ch c 1250 ml dung dch HCl 36,5% (d=1,2 g/ml). Tnh hiu sut ca qu trnh? Bi 8: Cho 0,4 mol H2 tc dng vi 0,3 m ol Cl2 (xc tc), ri ly sn phm ho tan vo 192,7 gam nc c dung dch X. Ly 50 gam dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thy to thnh 7,175 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng gia H2 v Cl2 bng: A. 62,5% B. 50% C. 44,8% D. 33,3%

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