XC NH CNG THC PHN T HP CHT V C

1. Da vo phng trnh phn ng v quan h gia s mol cc cht Bi 1: Ho tan 33,8 gam oleum H2SO4. nSO3 vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi lng d BaCl2 thy c 93,2 gam kt ta. Cng thc ng ca oleum ? gii: H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)H2SO4 (1) 0,4/(n+1) 0,4(mol) H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl (2) 0,4 (mol) 0,4(mol) S mol BaSO4: 93,2/233 = 0,4 ( mol) T pt(2) => s mol H2SO4 = s mol BaSO4 =0,4 (mol) T pt (1) => s mol H2SO4.nSO3 = 0,4/(n+1) Ta c: s mol H2SO4. nSO3 = 0,4/(n+1) = 33,8/(98+80n) gii phng trnh => n=3 Bi 2: Nung 25 gam tinh th CuSO4. xH2O ( mu xanh) ti khi lng khng i thu c 16 gam cht rn mu trng CuSO4 khan. Xc nh gi tr ca x? Gii: CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O 0,1(mol) 0,1x (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: khi lng H2O = khi lng CuSO4.xH2O khi lng CuSO4 = 25-16 = 9 (gam) S mol H2O = 9/18 = 0,5 (mol)

S mol CuSO4 = 16/160 = 0,1 (mol) Ta c: 0,1x=0,5 => x=5 Bi 3: Cho dung dch HCl c d tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch mui KClOx 0,2M thu c 1,344 lit kh Cl2 (kc). Cng thc phn t ca mui l A. KClO. B. KClO2. C. KClO3. D. KClO4. Gii: KClOx + 2xHCl KCl + xCl2 + xH2O (1) S mol KClOx = 0,1*0,2 = 0,02 (mol) S mol Cl2 = 1,344/22,4 = 0,06 (mol) Theo phng trnh (1) => 0,02 x = 0,06 => x=3 Vy cng thc phn t ca mui l KClO3 Bi 4: Hoa tan 9,2 (g) hp cht MX2 vao nc c dung dch Y. Chia Y lam 2 phn bng nhau, thm mt lng d dd AgNO3 vao phn 1 c 9,4(g) kt ta. Thm dd Na2CO3 d vao phn 2 c 2,1(g) kt ta . MX2 la A. ZnCl2. B. ZnBr2. C. MgBr2. D. FeCl2. 2. Da vo khi lng hoc % khi lng ca tng nguyn t

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 3,4 gam hp cht A thu c 2,24 lit kh SO2 (kc) v 1,8 gam H2O.Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht A? Gii: t chy A thu c SO2 v H2O => A c cha nguyn t S, H; c hoc khng c Oxi Ta c: S mol SO2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol) => S mol S = S mol SO2 = 0,1 (mol) => Khi lng S = 0,1*32 = 3,2 (g) S mol H2O = 1,8/18 = 0,1 (mol) => S mol H = 2 s mol H2O = 0,2 (mol) => Khi lng H = 0,2*1 = 0,2 (g) Ta c: mS + mH = 3,2 + 0,2 = 3,4 (g) = mA Vy A khng c cha Oxi Gi cng thc A l: HxSy x : y = nH : nS = 0,2 : 0,1 = 2: 1 Vy cng thc A l H2S Bi 2: Cho hm lng ca Fe trong oxit st l 70%. Xc nh cng thc oxit st?

gii: %O = 100 % Fe = 30 % Gi cng thc oxit st l: FexOy

Vy cng thc oxit st l; Fe2O3 Bi 3: t chy 16,8 gam bt st dng ht 4,48 lit O2 (kc) to thnh 1 oxit st. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st? Bi 4: t chy hon ton 2,04 gam hp cht A thu c 1,08 gam H2O v 1,344 lit SO2 (kc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht A? Bi 5: Kh hoan toan 8 gam FexOy bng H2 (t0) thu c 2,7 gam nc. CT cua oxit st la A. FeO. B. Fe2O4. C. Fe2O3. D. Fe3O4. Bi 6: Hoa tan hoan toan m (g) FexOy bng dd H2SO4 c nong thu c 2,24lit SO2 (ktc). Phn dd cha 120(g) mt loai mui st duy nht. Cng thc oxit st va khi lng m la: A. Fe3O4; m=23,2(g). B. Fe2O3, m= 32(g). C. FeO; m=7,2(g). D. Fe3O4; m= 46,4(g).

Bi 7: M t h p ch t c thnh ph n theo kh i l ng: 35,97% S; 62,92% O; 1,13% H. H p ch t ny c cng th c ho h c l A. H 2 SO 3. B. H 2 SO 4. C. H 2 S 2 O 7. D. H 2 S 2 O 8.

NHN BIT MT S KH
Posted on Thng T 14, 2008 by Phan Vinh NHN BIT MT S KH

V d: Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc kh sau: a) Cl2, O2, HCl, N2 - Dng qu tm m: + Nhn c Clo ( do qu tm mt mu) + Nhn c HCl ( do qu tm ho ) - Dng que m cn tn : + Nhn c O2 ( do que m bng chy) + Nhn c N2 ( que m tt) b) O2, O3, SO2, CO2 - Dng dung dch Br2: Nhn c SO2 ( do lm mt mu dd Br2) SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O -> 2HBr + H2SO4 - Dng nc vi trong ( dd ca(OH)2): nhn c CO2 ( lm c nc vi trong)

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O - Dng l Ag ( hoc dd KI thm t h tinh bt): nhn c O3 ( lm l Ag chuyn sang mu en (hoc xut hin dd mu xanh )) 2Ag + O3 -> Ag2O + O2 hoc (O3 + 2KI + H2O -> 2KOH + O2 + I2; I2 + htb -> xut hin mu xanh) - Cn li khng hin tng l O2 * LU : - KHNG DNG QUE M PHN BIT O2 V O3 V KHI CHO QUE M VO O2 V O3, QUE M U CHY SNG. - KHNG DNG NC VI TRONG ( DD Ca(OH)2 PHN BIT SO2 V CO2 V C CO2 V SO2 U LM C NC VI TRONG SO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaSO3 + H2O BI TP P DNG:l Hy nhn bit cc cht kh sau: a) Cl2, SO2, CO2, H2S b) O2, Cl2, HCl, N2, H2 c) Cl2, CO2, HCl, N2 d) O2, O3, Cl2, H2, N2

Cc bi ton chng oxi Lu hunh (tip theo)

Posted on Thng Ba 7, 2008 by Phan Vinh

III. Kim lo i tc d ng v i l u hunh Phn ng gia kim loi (M) v lu hunh (S)

M + S > mui sunfua Phn ng c thhon ton hoc khng hon ton

* Ph n ng hon ton th sau p thu c :

- Mui sunfua ( Kim loi M ht, S ht) - Hoc mui sunfua, Kim loi (M) d: khi cho hh cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dchaxit scho hn hp kh H2S v H2 - Hoc mui sunfua, lu hunh (S) d: khi cho cc cht trn tc dng vi dung dchaxit scho kh H2S v cht rn (S) khng tan.

* N u ph n ng khng hon ton th sau p thu c:

- Mui sunfua, S d, M d: khi ho tan trong axit th thu uc hn hp 2 kh H2S v H2 v 1 cht rn (S) khng tan

V d :
1) un nng hon ton hn hp bt gm st v lu hunh. em ho tan cht rn sau phn ng trong dung dchHCl d thy c 4,48 lit kh thot ra. Nu em ht l kh ny cho vo dung dchPb(NO3)2 d th cn li 2,24 lit kh. Cc th ng tch u o ktc.Tnh % khi l ca st v lu hunh trong hn hp u ng v tnh khi l kt ta to thnh trong dung dchPb(NO3)2? ng Gii

2) Cho sn phm to thnh khi nung hn hp 5,6 gam st v 1,6 gam bt lu hunh vo 500 ml dung dchHCl th 1 hn hp kh bay ra v mt dung dch c A ( hiu sut phn ng 100%). a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm thtch hn hp kh to thnh? b) trung ho HCl cn d trong dung dchA phi dng 125 ml dung dchNaOH 0,1 M. Tnh nng mol ca dung dchHCl? 3) Cho 6,45 gam mt hn hp gm lu hunh v 1 kim loi M ( ho tr vo 2) mt bnh kn khng cha Oxi. Nung bnh cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu

 hn hp B. Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dchHCl d thu oc kh C c v 1,6 gam cht rn D khng tan. Cho kh C i t t qua 1 dung dch Pb(CH3COO)2 c kt ta cn nng 11,95 g. Xc nhkim loi M v tnh khi l ng M v lu hunh trong hn hp ban u? 4) Mt hn hp X gm bt lu hunh v mt kim loi M ho tr c khi l 2 ng l 25,9 g. Cho X vo 1 bnh kn khng cha khng kh. Thc hin phn ng gia M v S ( phn ng hon ton) thu cht rn A. khi cho A tc dng vi dung c dchHCl d, A tan ht to ra hn hp kh B c V=6,72 lit (kc) v t i i vi kh Hiro bng 11,666. Xc nhthnh phn hn hp kh B, tn kim loi M v khi l S v M trong hn hp X? ng 5) Mt hn hp Y gm Zn v lu hunh; Cho M v S phn ng hon ton vi nhau to ra cht rn C. Khi cho C tc dng vi dung dchHCl d th cn li 1 cht rn D khng tan cn nng 6 gam v thu 4,48 lit kh E c t i ca E c kh i vi hiro l 17. Tnh khi l Y? ng 6) Mt hn hp Z gm km v lu hunh; nung nng hn hp trong bnh kn khng c oxi thu cht rn F. Khi cho F tc dng vi dung dchHCl d li c mt cht rn G khng tan cn nng 1,6 gam v to ra 8,96 lit hn hp kh (kc) c t i i vi hiro bng 17. Tnh khi l hn hp Z v hiu sut phn kh ng ng gia M v S? IV. Cc oxit axit ( CO 2 , SO 2 ) ho c cc a axit ( H 2 S, H 3 PO 4 ,) tc d ng v i dung d ch ki m: NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , Cho SO2 tc dng vi dung dchNaOH th c thxy ra cc phn ng: SO2 + NaOH > NaHSO3 (1) SO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO3 + H2O (2)

 Cho CO2 tc dng vi dung dchNaOH th c thxy ra cc phn ng: CO2 + NaOH > NaHCO3 (1) CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O (2) Lp t l tng t bng trn Cho H2S tc dng vi dung dchNaOH th c thxy ra cc phn ng: H2S+ NaOH > NaHS + H2O (1) H2S+ 2NaOH -> Na2S + 2H2O (2) Lp t l tng t bng trn V d : Bi 1: Tnh khi l cc cht thu sau phn ng trong cc tr hp ng c ng sau: a) Dn 2,24 lit kh hirosunfua vo 300 ml dung dchNaOH 1M b) Dn 13,44 lit SO2 vo 200 ml dung dchNaOH 2M c) Dn 0,672 lit SO2 vo 1 lit dung dchCa(OH)2 0.02 M Gii

* H ng d n: B 1: Tnh smol H2S v smol NaOH c

B 2: Lp t: c l xc nhsn phm v vit ph trnh phn ng ng B 3: tin hnh tnh smol sn phm => khi l sn phm c ng a)

b)

c)

Bi 2: Dn 12, 8 gam SO2 vo 50 ml dung dchNaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 gam /ml). Mui no to thnh? Tnh C% ca n trong dung dchthu c c? Bi 3: t chy hon ton 8,96 lit H2S (ktc) ri ho tan tt csn phm sinh ra vo 80 ml dung dchNaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh nng phn trm ca cc cht trong dung dchthu c? Bi 4: Mt hn hp X gm 2mui sunfit v hirosunfit ca cng mt kim loi kim - Cho 43,6 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dchH2SO4 long d. Cht kh A sinh ra lm mt mu va 400 ml dung dchKMnO4 0,3M 2KMnO4 + 5SO2 +2 H2O 2MnSO4 + 2KHSO4 + H2SO4 - Mt khc, 43,6 gam hn hp X cng tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. a) Xc nhtn kim loi kim? % khi l mi mui trong hn hp X? ng b) Cho ton bkh A sinh ra hp thvo 500 gam dung dchBa(OH)2 6,84%. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dchthu c? c) Tnh khi l dung dchBa(OH)2 6,84% ti thiu dng hp thu ton b ng l kh A ni trn? ng

Bi 5: Dn V lit (kc) kh CO2 qua dung dchc cha 0,1 mol Ca(OH)2 thu 6 c gam kt ta. Lc bkt ta, ly dung dchn lc un nng li thu kt c c ta na. Tnh V? Bi 6: Cho 16,8 lit kh CO2 (ktc) hp thhon ton vo 600 ml dung dchNaOH 2M thu dung dchX. Nu cho mt l d dung dchBaCl2 vo dung dch c ng X th thu oc l kt ta bao nhiu? ng Bi 7: Dn V lit kh CO2 (kc) hp thvo dung dchc cha 0,5 mol Ca(OH)2 thy c 25 gam kt ta. Tnh V?

M T S BI TON CH NG OXI L U HUNH I. Xc nh % theo th tch, % theo kh i l ng c a h n h p kh d a vo t kh i h i

Cc cng th c:

- Thnh phn phn trm theo thtch ca kh A trong hn hp

- Thnh phn phn trm theo khi l ca A trong hn hp ng

- T i ca kh A so vi kh B: kh

- T i ca hn hp kh A so vi kh B: kh

- T i ca kh A so vi hn hp kh B: kh

- T i ca hn hp kh A so vi hn hp kh B: kh

Khi lng phn t trung bnh:

A1, A2, A3, l phn t khi ca cc kh A1, A2, A3 c trong hn hp X1, x2, x3, l smol kh ( hoc thtch kh) X1, x2, x3, c thl % smol hoc % theo thtch ca kh A1, A2, A3, khi : x1 +x2 +x3+=100% - i v i khng kh: V d: 1) Hn hp kh A gm oxi v ozon c t i so vi hiro l 19,2. Tnh % thtch kh ca cc kh trong A? gi thtch O2 trong 1 lit hn hp l x (lit) => thtch O3 trong 1 lit hn hp l 1-x ( lit) Ta c:

=> Trong 1 lit hn hp c 0,4 lit O2 v 0,6 lit O3 Vy % O2 = 0,4*100/1 = 40% %O3 = 100% 40% = 60% 2) Hn hp kh B gm hiro v cacbon(II) oxit c t i so vi hiro l 3,6. Tnh kh % theo khi l ca tng kh trong B? ng 3) 1,12 lit hn hp kh A gm NO v N2O c t i so vi hiro l 16,75. Tnh s kh mol v % theo thtch tng kh trong hn hp? Gi smol ca NO trong 1 mol hn hp kh l x (mol) => Smol ca N2O trong 1 mol hn hp kh l 1-x (mol)

4) 0,896 lit kh A gm NO2 v NO c t i so vi hiro bng 21. Tnh smol v kh % theo thtch tng kh trong hn hp?

II. Gi i ton dng nh lu t b o ton electron - Dng nhlut bo ton electron i vi cc bi ton c: + Cho hn hp nhiu cht tc dng vi nhau + Cc phn ng l phn ng oxi ho kh - Ni dung nhlut: tng selectron cho = tng selectron nhn

V d: 1) Hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi. A phn ng ht vi 1 hn hp gm 4,80 gam magi v 8,10 gam nhm to ra 37,05 gam hn hp cc mui clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Xc nhthnh phn phn trm theo khi l v theo thtch ca ng hn hp A?

* Phn tch :
Theo : c 4 ph trnh phn ng ng Cl2 + Mg > MgCl2 x x x ( mol) 3Cl2 + 2Al > 2AlCl3 3y/2 y y (mol) O2 + 2Mg > 2MgO z/2 z z (mol) 3O2 + 2Al > 2Al2O3 3t/2- t t (mol) Gi i thng th ng: t 4 ns> lp h; y chp hgm 3 l c ph trnh. ng gi x, y, z, t l smol ca MgCl2, AlCl3, MgO, Al2O3 khi l Mg = 24(x+z) = 4,80 (1) ng khi l Al = 27( y+t) = 8,10 (2) ng khi l hn hp mui v oxit: ng = 95x + 133.5y+40z+102t = 37,05 (3)

Gii hgm 3 pt, 4 ns: khng d!!!!!!!!

Dng nh lu t b o ton electron:

B c 1: vit qu trnh cho nhn electron ca cc phn ng trn Qu trnh cho e: Mg 2e > Mg2+ 0.20- 0.04 0.02 (mol) Al 3e > Al3+

0.30- 0.900.30 Qu trnh nhn e: Cl2 +2e > 2Clx- 2x 2x (mol) O2 +4e > 2O2y- 4y 2y (mol) B c 2: t ns( x, y, l smol cc cht bi yu cu tnh) Gi x, y ln ll smol ca Cl2 v O2 trong hn hp t B c 3: lp ph trnh (1) da vo nhlut bo ton e ng Smol Mg = 4,80/24 = 0,20 (mol) => selectron Mg cho = 0,20*2=0,40 (mol) Smol Al = 8,10/27 = 0,30 (mol) => Selectron Al cho = 0,30*3 = 0,90 (mol) Theo nhlut bo ton e: Selectron cho = selectron nhn => 2x+4y = 0,20+0,90=1,3 (1)

B c 4: kt hp cc d kin khc lp thm ph trnh (2) ng Theo nhlut bo ton khi l ng:

2) 11,2 lit (kc) hn hp kh A gm clo v oxi tc dng ht vi 16,98 gam hn hp B gm magi v nhm to ra 42,34 gam hn hp clorua v oxit ca 2 kim loi. Tnh thnh phn phn trm vthtch ca tng cht trong hn hp A? thnh phn phn trm vkhi l ca tng cht trong hn hp B? ng 3) Ho tan hon ton mt l bt st vo dung dchHNO3 thu mui st ng c (III) nitrat v hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Tnh khi l ng st ho tan? 4) Cho 11 gam hn hp st v nhm vo dung dchH2SO4 c nng thu c 10,08 lit kh SO2 (kc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi l ca mi kim loi ng trong hn hp? 5) Ho tan hon ton a gam FexOy bng dung dchH2SO4 thu b gam mt c mui v c 168 ml kh SO2 (kc) duy nht thot ra. Tnh tra, b v cng thc s FexOy? 6) m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp M c khi l 12 gam gm: Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton M vo dung ng dchH2SO4 c thu oc 3,36 lit SO2 duy nht (kc). Tnh gi tr m?

7) Ho tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp kim loi Al, Zn bng dd H2SO4 c nng thu dd X; 7,616 lit SO2 (kc) v 0,64 g lu hunh. Tnh tng khi l c ng mui trong X?