Cc thut ng kinh t thng dng (A-B)

Nhiu thut ng di y da trn ti liu chun ni b v danh mc cc nh ngha ca t Wall Street Journal. Cc nh ngha khc c chn t cun Hng dn vit tin kinh t Columbia Knight-Bagehot, do Pamela Hollie Kluge bin son. Nhiu thut ng cn c iu chnh cho ph hp vi cc nn kinh t v thng l ti cc quc gia khc nhau. Accounts payable N phi tr. Khon n ca mt doanh nghip cn phi thanh ton sm, thng l trong vng 1 nm. Accounts receivable Khon thu. Khon doanh nghip c nhn t khch hng cho hng ha bn ra hoc dch v cung cp. Antitrust laws Lut chng c quyn. Lut bo v cnh tranh bng cch khng cho php cc thng l c quyn hoc chng cnh tranh. Appreciation Tng gi tr ca ti sn. Cc nh u t, v d nh nhng ngi s hu nh, u t ch tng gi, v iu ny c th lm cho gi ngang bng vi mc lm pht, lm tng nhu cu nh ca hoc thiu nh ca. Arbitrage, arbitrager (risk arbitrager) Kinh doanh chnh lch gi hoc t gi. Mt th thut mua v bn chng khon tranh th mc chnh lch nh v gi chng hn mua mt c phiu vi gi 50$ trn th trng chng khon v ng thi bn n hoc mt c phiu tng ng vi gi 51$ cho ngi khc. Thut ng kinh doanh chnh lch ri ro xut hin p dng cho nhng ngi kinh doanh u c mua c phiu ca cc cng ty c tin n l mc tiu b mua li, vi hy vng kim li khi vic chuyn nhng hon tt. Balance of trade Cn cn thng mi. Chnh lch gia hng ha-dch v xut khu v nhp khu ca mt quc gia trong khong thi gian nht nh. C th p dng cho thng mi gia hai quc gia hoc gia mt quc gia v nhng nc khc trn th gii. Nu xut khu thp hn nhu khu th c ngha l thm ht mu dch. Nu xut khu cao hn nhp khu c ngha l thng d mu dch. Balance of payments Cn cn thanh ton. Thng k giao dch kinh t gia mt quc gia v cc nc khc trn th gii. V c bn, n l ton b ngun tin vo-ra ca mt t nc. Bank reserves D tr ngn hng. Khon tin mt ca cc ngn hng bo m cho s tin gi ca khch hng. Bank reserves requirement Yu cu d tr ngn hng. T l tin gi ca khch hng m cc ngn hng thng mi phi gi bng tin mt bo

m s tin gi, theo quy nh ca chnh ph. Tng yu cu d tr s lm gim lng tin gi m mt ngn hng c th cho vay hoc u t; cn gim yu cu d tr c tc ng ngc li. Barter Chuyn i hng ha. Bun bn hng ha khng cn dng tin. y l mt trong nhng thng l bun bn sm nht, nhng vn c s dng ti cc nn kinh t m ngi dn khng tin hoc t tin tng vo h thng ngn hng hoc gi tr ca ng tin. Trong bun bn quc t, chuyn i hng ha l thng l ph bin gia cc nc c ng tin khng hp dn. Bear market Th trng u c h gi. Giai on gi c phiu gim ko di, thng thng l hu qu ca vic hot ng kinh t gim st hoc d on kinh t s i xung. Blue-chip stocks C phiu thng hng. C phiu ca cc cng ty ni ting l lun t li nhun cao v lun thanh ton c tc ng hn. Bond Tri phiu. Chng nhn do mt cng ty hoc mt chnh ph pht hnh cho ngi no m cng ty hoc chnh ph vay tin. Tri phiu ghi r s tin vay, li sut phi tr, thi hn thanh ton v th chp nu khng thanh ton c. Thi hn thanh ton thng lu, khong 7 nm tr ln. Book value Gi tr trn s sch. Trong cc cng ty, gi tr trn s sch ca c phiu l chnh lch gia cc ti sn ca cng ty v cc khon n. N c th khng lin quan n gi bn ca c phiu. Bottom line Li nhun hoc khon l tnh ca mt giao dch hoc hot ng kinh doanh ca mt cng ty. N thng cp n thng bo thu nhp ca cc cng ty v c ngha l thu nhp tnh, hoc li nhun sau thu, chi ph v cc khon chi bt thng. Broker Ngi mi gii. Mt i l chuyn x l cc lnh pht hnh cng khai mua v bn chng khon, hng ha, bt ng sn hoc cc ti sn ti chnh hoc hu hnh khc. Ngi mi gii thng hot ng theo kiu hng hoa hng. Bull market Th trng u c tng gi. Giai on gi c phiu tng ko di, thng thng do hot ng kinh t tng mnh hoc d on kinh t s i ln.

Cc thut ng kinh t thng dng (C-D)

Nhiu thut ng di y da trn ti liu chun ni b v danh mc cc nh ngha ca t Wall Street Journal. Cc nh ngha khc c chn t cun Hng dn vit tin kinh t Columbia Knight-Bagehot, do Pamela Hollie Kluge bin son. Capital gain Li nhun vn. Chnh lch gia gi mua v gi bn mt ci g c mua nh l khon u t v d nh bt ng sn hoc c phiu. Capital flight Di chuyn vn. S di chuyn ca mt khon tin ln t quc gia ny sang quc gia khc trnh bin ng chnh tr hoc kinh t hoc kim li t cc khon u t vi li nhun cao. Capitalism Kinh t th trng t do/Ch ngha t bn. Mt h thng kinh t da trn gi nh rng th trng quyt nh lng hng ha sn xut ra cng nh gi ca cc hng ha ny. Trung tm ca nn kinh t th trng t do l s hu c nhn v t liu sn xut v ti sn, v s tham gia ti thiu ca chnh ph. Mt nn kinh t th trng t do hon ton khng tn ti m ni chung c pha trn, vi s can d n chng mc no ca chnh ph. Cartel Ccten. Mt nhm cc doanh nghip hoc cc quc gia tha thun gy tc ng n gi c bng cch tc ng n sn xut v vic a mt loi sn phm ra th trng. T chc cc nc Xut khu Du m (OPEC) l ccten ng i ni ting nht. Cash cow B ci tin mt. Mt doanh nghip to c ngun tin vo n nh v c th d on trc c. Mt doanh nghip nh vy thng c tn hiu lu i v c ngi tiu dng tha nhn. C phiu ca nhng doanh nghip ny c mc c tc ng tin cy. Cash flow Lu kim (Ngun tin vo). i vi hu ht cc cng ty ngha l khon thu nhp tnh sau thu nhng trc khi khu hao. Central bank Ngn hng trung ng. C quan gim st hot ng ngn hng ca mt quc gia v c php ban hnh tin t. Centrally planned economy Nn kinh t k hoch tp trung. Ngc li vi nn kinh t th trng t do v khng phi th trng m chnh quyn trung ng mi chu trch nhim v nn kinh t, k c vic sn xut ci g vi khi lng bao nhiu v bn cho ngi tiu dng vi gi no. Closely held cp n nhng cng ty m c phiu v quyn kim sot b phiu tp trung trong tay mt vi nh u t, nhng c phiu vn c giao dch ti mt mc hn ch. Collateral Th chp.

C phiu hoc ti sn m ngi vay phi trao cho ngi cho vay nn khng c kh nng thanh ton mt khon vay. Commercial paper Thng phiu. Nhng trch nhim ngn hn m cc cng ty cng nghip hoc ti chnh s dng c tin mt. Ngi vay ng thanh ton mt lng tin c th vo mt thi hn nh r. Commodity Hng ha. Xt theo ngha chung, l bt c th th c mua v bn. Xt ngha trn th trng ti chnh, l mt sn phm khai m hoc nng nghip trc khi ch bin. Commodity option Quyn, nhng khng phi trch nhim, mua hoc bn hp ng hng ha giao sau ti mt thi im c th trong khong thi gian c th. Commodity futures Hp ng hng ha k hn. Hp ng mua hoc bn mt lng hng ha nht nh vi gi tha thun trong mt khong thi gian c th. Convertible bond Tri phiu c th chuyn i. Mt tri phiu mang gi nh rng c th c i ly mt lng c phiu c th trong cng ty pht hnh tri phiu . Coupon Phiu tr li. Mu giy gn vo tri phiu m ngi nm c phiu tp hp li vo cc thi im c th v giao cho bn pht hnh tri phiu c thanh ton li sut. Currency controls Cc bin php kim sot tin t. Khi s dng cc bin php kim sot tin t, tin t khng th chuyn i c na v mi hot ng mua-bn ngoi t c tin hnh thng qua mt c quan do chnh ph ch nh nhm quy nh t gi c li cho cc sn phm v hot ng kinh doanh m chnh ph mun bo h. Currency devaluation Ph gi tin t Tin t ca mt quc gia b ph gi khi chnh ph nc ny c tnh gim gi so vi tin t ca cc nc khc. Khi mt quc gia ph gi tin t ca mnh, hng nhp khu s t hn trong khi hng xut khu r i nc ngoi v nh mang tnh cnh tranh hn. Currency depreciation Gim gi tin t Tin t ca mt quc gia b gim gi khi gi tr ca n b xung gi so vi tin ca cc nc khc hoc so vi gi tr trc . Debtor nation Nc thiu n. Mt quc gia c cc khon n cc ch n nc ngoi nhiu hn s m cc nc khc n h. Ngc li gi l creditor nation - nc ch n. Default V n.

Mt ngi, cng ty hay chnh ph b coi l v n nu khng p ng c cc iu khon thanh ton. Deficit financing Ti tr bng thm ht ngn sch. Ch trng chp nhn thm ht ngn sch ca chnh ph tng thm chi tiu cho cc cng trnh cng cng. N kch thch kinh t trong mt thi gian nhng cui cng tr thnh tr ngi kinh t v y li sut ln. Deficits Thm thng. Thm thng hot ng l khon tin m tng chi ph v chi tiu vt tng thu nhp. Trong ti chnh cng, thm thng l khon m mc chi ca chnh quyn vt qu thu nhp. Depreciation Khu hao. Mc gim gi tr t liu sn xut do s dng lm c i, hng hoc li thi. Khon khu hao d tnh c th c khu tr t thu nhp hng nm nh l chi ph tin hnh hot ng kinh doanh. Theo cch phng php tnh ton khu hao dn, chi ph my mc v thit b c tr nhng khon u nhau trong mi nm s dng ti sn c quy nh trc. Theo phng php khu hao nhanh, chi ph my mc thit b c tr trong vi nm u s dng. Dividend C tc. Khon tin chi cho mi c phn sau mi nm cho ngi gi c phiu thng thng. C tc l mt phn ca thu nhp trn mi c phn. Tuy nhin, nu mt cng ty cho thy khng c li trong mt khong thi gian nht nh th c th dng khon li t cc khong thi gian c li thanh ton c tc theo ng k hoch. Dumping Ph gi. Vic xut khu hng ha ca mt cng ty vi mc gi thp qu mc, thng nh vo doanh s ca cc cng ty cnh tranh ti nc nhp khu. Durable goods Hng bn. Hng ha nh my mc v dng gia nh c coi l c th s dng tt trong t nht 3 nm.

Cc thut ng kinh t thng dng (E-H)

Nhiu thut ng di y da trn ti liu chun ni b v danh mc cc nh ngha ca t Wall Street Journal. Cc nh ngha khc c chn t cun Hng dn vit tin kinh t Columbia Knight-Bagehot, do Pamela Hollie Kluge bin son. Earnings per share Li nhun trn mi c phiu. Li nhun rng sau thu c chia cho s lng cc c phn thng. Equity Vn c phn Khi s dng vi ngha ti chnh, vn c phn c ngha l gi tr ca ti sn ang nm gi tr i s n. Vn c phn ca mt c ng trong mt cng ty l gi tr c phiu m anh ta ang gi. Vn c phn ca mt ngi s hu nh l chnh lch gia gi tr ca cn nh v gi tr th chp cha thanh ton. Exchange rate T gi hi oi. T gi i mt loi tin t ny ly mt loi tin t khc. Financial market Th trng ti chnh. Cc th trng i vn v tn dng, v d nh cc th trng chng khon, th trng tri phiu, th trng hi oi v th trng hng ha. Fiscal, monetary Ti chnh p dng cho cc vn ngn sch. Tin t p dng cho vic cung ng tin t. Fiscal policy Chnh sch ti chnh. nh hng ca chnh ph i vi nn kinh t thng qua tin trnh ngn sch tc l bng cch n nh mc chi v mc d nh huy ng thng qua cc khon thu. Fiscal year Ti kha. Giai on 12 nm m mt cng ty hoc mt c quan chnh ph s dng cho mc ch lp s sch. Khi cp n ti kha ca mt cng ty, cn lun nu r thi im khi u v kt thc nu ti kha khng trng vi nm theo lch. Floating exchange rate T gi hi oi th ni. Gi tr tin t tng hoc gim ty theo cung cu trn th gii. Cc t gi ny c da trn mt s yu t, trong c mc d tr quc gia v ngoi t hoc vng, v lin quan cht ch n t l lm pht hoc cc mc li sut mt quc gia. Fortune 500 500 cng ty hng u ca M, da theo doanh s, do tp ch Fortune tng kt. Franchise Quyn i l kinh tiu. Giy php iu hnh mt c s kinh doanh, v d nh cc nh hng trong mt chui nh hng bn kem. C s c cp php c quyn s dng logo v cc sn phm cng nh dch v ca cng ty m. Going public Pht hnh cng khai

Thut ng m t vic mt cng ty t nhn ln u tin bn c phiu cho cng chng. Golden parachute D vng (Ph cp thi vic). Mt hp ng mang li nhng li ch ho phng cho cc gim c t chc. Cng lin quan n cc bin php chng vic b mua quyn kim sot v nhiu tha thun mang li li ch to ln cho nhng gim c b buc phi ri cng ty sau khi b mua li v nhng hp ng nh th khin cho vic mua li qu tn km. Greenmail Th xanh Mt bit ng ch thng l m nhng ngi ngoi mua c phiu ca mt cng ty sau buc cng ty phi mua li cc c phiu vi gi u i trnh b chim quyn kim sot. Gross national product Tng sn phm quc dn. Tng gi tr sn lng sn phm v dch v ca mt quc gia. G7 Nhm gm M, Anh, Canaa, Nht Bn, c, Php v Italia, vi mc tiu hp tc trong cc vn tin t quc t. Hedge Mua bn i xung. Hnh ng, thng l trn th trng hng ha, b li kh nng thua l do thay i gi c i vi vic mua bng cch thc hin mt hnh ng bn tng ng, hoc ngc li.

Cc thut ng kinh t thng dng (I-O)

Nhiu thut ng di y da trn ti liu chun ni b v danh mc cc nh ngha ca t Wall Street Journal. Cc nh ngha khc c chn t cun Hng dn vit tin kinh t Columbia Knight-Bagehot, do Pamela Hollie Kluge bin son. Inflation Lm pht. Tng gi hng ha v dch v. Ni chung, gi nh v kinh t l sc mua gim i v c tha tin mt lu thng, thng l do hu qu ca vic chnh ph chi tiu qu nhiu. Initial Public Offering (IPO) Pht hnh cng khai ln u (chng khon). Ln u tin mt cng ty cho bn c phiu cho cng chng. Cn gi l going public. Insider trading Giao dch ni b. Giao dch c phiu trong ni b cng ty mt cch bt hp php da trn nhng thng tin khng cng b. Institutional investor Php on u t. Mt t chc u t ti sn ring hoc nhng ti sn do cc t chc khc u thc nm gi. Nhng nh u t nh vy thng l cc qu hu tr, cc cng ty bo him, ngn hng v

cc trng i hc. Interest Li sut. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Qu Tin t Quc t Tr s ti Washington, D.C., c chc nng gim st ngun cung tin t ca cc nc thnh vin, vi mc ch n nh vic trao i quc t v khuyn khch thng mi cn bng v c trt t. Junk bond Tri phiu bp bnh. Thut ng bnh dn dng m t cc loi chng khon c li sut cao nhng nhiu ri ro, do cc cng ty b n nn chng cht pht hnh c th thanh ton cc khon vay ngn hng, mua quyn qun l c phn hoc ti tr cho cc v mua li cng ty. Leverage u c vay n. Vic mt cng ty s dng ti sn i vay tng li sut trn vn c phn ca cc c ng, vi hy vng li sut phi chu s thp hn li nhun trn s tin i vay. Leveraged buyout S mua li cng ty, c cp vn bng n. Vic mua li mt cng ty ca mt nhm nh cc nh u t, ch yu c cp vn bng n. Cui cng, cc khon vay ca nhm ny c thanh ton bng cc qu pht sinh t hot ng ca cng ty mua c hoc vic bn ti sn ca cng ty . Liquidity Thanh khon. Mc m ti sn c th chuyn thnh tin mt. Market share Th phn T l tng doanh s ca mt sn phm m mt ngi bn c. Mt cng ty s c gng m rng th phn ca mnh (tc l gim th phn ca cc i th) bng cch qung co, a ra mc gi hp l v cc th thut cnh tranh khc. Th phn cng ln th nh sn xut cng d kim sot gi v li nhun. Market capitalization Th gi vn. Gi tr ca mt cng ty c xc nh bi gi th trng i vi cc c phiu thng pht hnh cn li. Maturity K hn. Thi hn phi thanh ton tri phiu v k phiu. Microchip Vi mch kim sot hu ht cc sn phm in t. Monetary policy Chnh sch tin t. Tc ng ca chnh ph i vi nn kinh t bng cch kim sot ngun cung cp tin t v li sut. Monopoly c quyn.

S kim sot ca mt cng ty i vi mt sn phm ti mt th trng nht nh, cho php cng ty ny n nh gi v khng h c cnh tranh. Mutual fund Qu tng h iu hnh bi mt cng ty u t huy ng tin t cc c ng u t vo tri phiu, c phiu, cc quyn chn, cc hng ha hoc cc loi chng khon khc. Cc qu ny thng cho php cc nh u t la chn mt chin lc mo him hoc mt chin lc thn trng kim li. Net income/net profit Thu nhp rng/Li rng Cng c gi l bottom line hay li nhun, l khon cn li sau khi tr mi chi ph v thu trong thu nhp ca mt cng ty. Note K phiu Chng nhn do mt cng ty hoc chnh ph pht hnh ghi r s lng mt khon vay, li sut phi tr v th chp trong trng hp khng thanh ton c. Thi hn thanh ton thng l trn 1 nm k t khi pht hnh nhng khng c lu hn 7-8 nm. Thi hn thanh ton ngn hn l im khc bit chnh gia k phiu v tri phiu. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) T chc Hp tc v Pht trin Kinh t. Mt t chc gm 24 nc c nn kinh t th trng t do thng xuyn thu thp con s thng k v a ra cc bo co kinh t v cc nc thnh vin. Oil future market Th trng du giao sau. Cc th trng ti New York v Lun n ni ngi ta cam kt mua hoc bn du vi gi tha thun cho mt thi im no trong tng lai. Oil spot market Th trng du giao ngay. Cc v giao dch hng ngy i vi du th hoc cc sn phm tinh lc bi cc thng nhn trn khp th gii, cam kt khi lng chuyn giao vi gi c th. Option Quyn chn. Trong gii ti chnh, y l tha thun cho php mt nh u t mua hoc bn ci g , v d nh c phiu, trong mt khong thi gian nh trc vi gi nht nh. Ovesubscribed t mua vt mc. Thut ng p dng trong vic pht hnh cng khai c phiu, khi n t mua vt qu s lng c phiu rao bn cho cng chng.

Cc thut ng kinh t thng dng (P-W)

Paper profit Li l thuyt. Khon li cha c thc trong mt khon u t. Khon li ny c tnh ton da trn so

snh gi th trng hin ti vi chi ph ca nh u t. Poison pill Chin thut thuc c. Mt th thut chng tr vic mua li quyn kim sot cng ty, c a ra lm cho vic mua li cng ty tr nn qu tn km. Price-earnings ratio T sut th gi-doanh li. Gi ca mt c phiu chia cho li nhun trn mi c phiu trong thi gian 12 thng. V d mt c phiu bn vi gi 60$/c phiu v li nhun 6$/c phiu s c bn vi t sut th gi-doanh li 10/1. T sut th gi-doanh li cao khin cc nh u t tin tng rng li nhun ca cng ty trong tng lai s cao hn nhiu. Prime rate Li sut u i. Li sut c bn m cc ngn hng thng mi p dng cho mt lot khon cho vay ln cho cc doanh nghip va v nh, cng nh cho c nhn. Privatization T nhn ha. Ni chung ngha l vic chuyn s hu cng ty t cc nh u t cng cng sang cc nh u t t nhn. T nhn ha thng gn lin vi ti c cu kinh t trong cc doanh nghip nh nc c bn cho khu vc t nhn. Revenue Thu nhp. Ton b s tin m mt doanh nghip hoc chnh quyn thu c trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Short sale Bn khng. Bn mt lng c phiu tm vay, khng thuc quyn s hu ca mnh vi hy vng kim li bng cch mua mt lng c phiu tng ng sau vi gi thp hn thay th. Stock (shares) C phiu. Cc n v ca mt cng ty i din cho mt phn s hu. Mua cc phn ny s c quyn nh cc ch s hu v c th c thu nhp thng qua c tc. C th mua hoc bn c phiu m khng nh hng n hot ng ca mt cng ty. Ti th trng chng khon, gi c phiu do ngi mua v ngi bn c phiu n nh. Stock exchange Th trng chng khon. Ni gi c phiu c ngi mua v ngi bn c phiu n nh. Underground economy Nn kinh t ngm. Mt b phn khng c tnh n ca nn kinh t bao gm c hot ng hp php v bt hp php. Hu ht cc giao dch l bng cch chuyn i hng ha hoc thanh ton tin mt trnh thu hoc trnh b cc c quan thi hnh php lut pht hin. Venture capital Vn mo him. Khon ti chnh cn thit bt u mt doanh nghip, thng thng l cc doanh nghip mi nhiu ri ro. i li vn, nh u t c s hu mt phn doanh nghip ny. Vn

mo him cng ri ro th cng c kh nng thu li ln. White knight Hip s trng. Ngi cu mt cng ty ang b nguy c mua quyn kim sot bi mt cng ty khc.