Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8

BI 1: NHN N THC VI A THC

Kin thc c bn: A(B + C) = AB + AC
Bi 1:
1. Tnh :
a./ (- 4xy)(2xy
2
3x
2
y) b./ (- 5x)(3x
3
+ 7x
2
x)
2. Rt gn:
A = x
2
(a b) + b(1 x) + x(bx + b) ax(x + 1)
B = x
2
(11x 2) + x
2
(x 1) 3x(4x
2
- x 2)
3. Tm h s ca x
3
v x
2
trong a thc sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
3 2 1 2 3 1 Q x x x x x x x + + +
Bi 2:
1) Tnh :
3 2 4 3
1 3 4
2 4 3
a b ab a b
_ _

, ,
2) Rt gn v tnh gi tr biu thc:
( ) ( )
12
3 4 5 , 4, 5
5
Q x x y y y x cho x y
3) Tm x, bit : a) 2x
3
(2x 3) x
2
(4x
2
6x + 2) = 0
b) 2x( x 5) x( 3 + 2x ) = 0
4) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 3. 3 1 2 1 2 1 x x x x + + + + ti x = 5
5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2 5 2. 2 3 2 5 x x x x + + + + + ti x = 2010
6) Chng minh biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x v y:
M = 3x(x 5y) + (y 5x)(- 3y) 3(x
2
y
2
) 1.
7) Cho S = 1 + x + x
2
+ x
3
+ x
4
+ x
5
.Cm : xS S = x
6
1
Bi 3:
Tnh (3a
3
4ab + 5c
2
)(- 5bc).
Rt gn v tnh gi tr biu thc:
A = 4a
2
( 5a 3b) 5a
2
(4a + b),vi a = -2,b = -3.
Chng t biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x:
B = x(x
2
+ x + 1) x
2
( x + 1) x +5.
Tm x, bit : x(x 1) x
2
+ 2x = 5
Tm m, bit: ( x
2
x + 1)x ( x + 1)x
2
+ m = - 2x
2
+ x + 5.
Bi 4:
1. Rt gn: 9y
3
y(1 y + y
2
) y
2
+ y
2. Tm h s ca x
2
trong a thc:
2 2 2 2
5 ( ) 3( ) 2 2 4( 2 ) Q x a x a a x ax ax a ax 1 1 1 + + + +
] ] ]
3. Tm m, bit: 2 x
2
(x
2
+ x + 1) = - x
4
x
3
x
2
+ m.
4. Chng minh : khi a = 10, b = -5 gi tr biu thc :
A = a( 2b + 1) b(2a 1) bng 5.
5. Tm x, bit: 10( 3x 2) 3(5x + 2) + 5( 11 4x) = 25.
Bi 5:
1. Tnh : ( -a
4
x
5
)(- a
6
x + 2a
3
x
2
11ax
5
).
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
2. Tnh biu thc : A = mx( x y) + y
3
(x + y) ti x = -1, y = 1
3. Tm x, bit: 8(x 2) 2(3x 4) = 2.
4. Tm h s ca x
2
trong a thc : Q = 5x( 3x
2
x + 2) 2x
2
( x 2) + 15(x 1).
B I 2: NHN A THC VI A THC
Kin thc c bn:
( ) ( ) A B C D AC AD BC BD + + + + +
Bi 1:
1. Tnh : ( 2a b)(4a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
).
2. Rt gn v tnh gi tr biu thc: ( )
3
4 ( 2) ( 1)( 3), 1
4
Q x x x x cho x
3. xy( x + y ) x
2
( x + y ) y
2
( x - y ) vi x = 3, y = 2
4.Tm x, bit : (3x + 2)(x 1) 3(x + 1)(x 2) = 4
5. Tm h s ca x
4
trong a thc: P = ( x
3
- 2x
2
+x 1)( 5x
3
x).
Bi 2:
1. Chng minh: vi a = - 3,5 gi tr biu thc
( ) ( ) ( ) 3 9 8 2 (9 1) A a a a a + +
bng 29.
2. Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 5 2 11 2 3 3 7 Q x x x x + + +
3. Bit (x 3)(2x
2
+ ax + b) = 2x
3
8x
2
+ 9x 9 .Tm a,b.
Bi 3:
1. Tnh :
a./ (2 + x)(2 x)(4 + x
2
) b./ ( x
2
2xy + 2y
2
)(x y)(x + y)
2. Tm x,bit : x(x 4) ( x
2
- 8) = 0
3. Tm m sao cho: 2x
3
3x
2
+ x + m = (x + 2)(2x
2
7x + 15).
Bi 4:
1. Rt gn :
A = ( 5x 1)(x + 3) ( x 2)(5x 4) B = (3a 2b)( 9a
2
+ 6ab + 4b
2
).
2. Chng minh biu thc : n( 2n 3) 2n( n + 2) lun chia ht cho 7,vi mi s nguyn n.
3. Bit : x
4
3x +2 = ( x 1)(x
3
+ bx
2
+ ax 2).
Bi 5:
1. Tm m, bit: x
4
x
3
+ 6x x + m = (x
2
x + 5)(x
2
+ 1).
2. Rt gn: ( 2x 1)(3x + 2)(3 x).
3. Chng minh: ( x y)(x
4
+ x
3
y + x
2
y
2
+ xy
3
+ y
4
) = x
5
y
5
.
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
B I 3+4+5: NHNG HNG NG THC NG NH
Kin thc c bn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2 2 3 2 2 3
3
3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2
2 2
3 3
3 3
A B A AB B A B A AB B
A B A B A B A B A A B AB B
A B A A B AB B A B A B A AB B
A B A B A AB B
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ +
Bi 1:
1. Chng minh : ( a + b)
2
(a b)
2
= 4ab
2. Rt gn: ( a +2)
2
( a + 2)(a 2)
3. Tm x,bit : ( 2x + 3)
2
4(x 1)(x + 1) = 49
4. Tm gi tr biu thc: ( ) ( )
2 1
3 3 ( 3) 2( 2)( 4),
2
Q x x x x x cho x + + + +
Bi 2:
1. Rt gn biu thc :
2 2
(4 )(2 )(2 ) A x y x y x y + +
2. Chng minh: (7x + 1)
2
(x + 7)
2
= 48(x
2
1)
3. Tm x,bit : 16x
2
- (4x 5)
2
= 15
4. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A = x
2
+ 2x + 3
Bi 3:
1. Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo m:
2 2
(2 5) (2 5) 40 A m m + +
2. Chng minh rng hiu cc bnh phng ca hai s nguyn lin tip l mt s l
3. Rt gn biu thc : P = (3x +4)
2
10x (x 4)(x +4).
4. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: Q = x
2
4x +5.
Bi 4:
1. Chng minh rng: (x y)
2
(x + y)
2
= - 4xy
2. Chng minh: (7n 2)
2
(2n 7)
2
lun lun chia ht cho 9,vi mi n l gi tr nguyn
3. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: Q = - x
2
+ 6x +1.
4. Chng minh rng nu (a
2
+ b
2
)(x
2
+ y
2
) = (ax + by)
2
th ay bx = 0
Bi 5:
1. CMR: nu a + b + c = 2p th b
2
+ c
2
+ 2bc a
2
= 4p(p a).
2. CMR nu a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
= ab +bc + ca th a = b = c.
3. Tm x,y bit : x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 5 = 0.
Bi 6:
1. Chng minh : (a + b)
3
3ab(a +b) = a
3
+ b
3
2. Tnh x
3
+ y
3
,bit x + y = 3 v xy = 2
3. Cho a + b = 1.Chng minh : a
3
+ b
3
= 1 3ab.
Bi 7:
1. Chng minh : (a b)
3
+ 3ab(a - b) = a
3
- b
3
2. Rt gn: (x 3)
3
(x + 3)
3
.
3. Cho a - b = 1.Chng minh : a
3
- b
3
= 1 + 3ab.
Bi 8 :
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
1. Rt gn :
3 3
1 1
2 2
a b a b
_ _
+ +

, ,
.
2. Tm x,bit : x
3
3x
2
+ 3x 1 = 0.
3. Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x: ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2
4 1 4 3 16 3 x x x +
Bi 9 :
1. Rt gn biu thc : (x + 5)
3
x
3
125.
2. Tm x, bit : (x 2)
3
+ 6(x + 1)
2
- x
3
+ 12 = 0
3. Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x: ( )
3
3 2
1 3 3 1 x x x x +
Bi 10:
1. Tm x,bit : x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 12x +8 = 0
2. Cho a +b +c = 0.Chng minh : a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc.
3. Chng minh rng: (a + 2)
3
(a +6)(a
2
+12) + 64 = 0,vi mi a.
Bi 11 :
1. Rt gn biu thc : A = (m n)(m
2
+ mn + n
2
) - (m + n)(m
2
- mn + n
2
)
2. Chng minh: (a 1)(a 2)(1 + a + a
2
)(4 + 2a + a
2
) = a
6
9a
3
+ 8
3. Tm x, bit: (x +2 )(x
2
2x + 4) x(x -3)(x + 3) = 26.
4. Tnh nhanh: a) x
3
+ 9x
2
+ 27x + 27 ti x = 97
b ) ( x
2
2xy + y
2
) 4z
2
ti x = 6, y = -4, z = 45
Bi 12 :
1) Tnh gi tr biu thc: A = x(x 2)(x + 2) (x 3)(x
2
+ 3x +9),vi
1
4
x
2) Tm x,bit ( 4x + 1)(16x
2
4x +1) 16x(4x
2
5) = 17.
4) Rt gn : Q = (a
2
1)(a
2
a +1)(a
2
+a +1).
5) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 3 3 9 x x x x x + + + ti x = -3
6) 2( x + y ) ( x - y ) + ( x + y )
2
+ ( x - y )
2
vi x = - 3, y = 2010
7) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 x x x + ti x = 4
8) Tnh nhanh a) 87
2
+ 73
2
27
2
- 13
2
b ) 52.143 52.39 8.26
Bi 13:
1. Tnh gi tr biu thc : Q = (2x 1)(4x
2
+ 2x +1) 4x(2x
2
3),vi x =
1
2
2. Tm x, bit : (x 3)(x
2
+ 3x +9) (3x 17) = x
3
12.
3. Cho x + y = 1 v xy = -1.Tnh x
3
+ y
3
.
4. Tnh Nhanh: a) 67
2
+ 33
2
+ 66.67
b) 36
2
+ 86
2
72.86
Bi 14 :
1. Chng t biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1 A x x x x x x + + + +
2. Tm x,bit: 5x (4 2x + x
2
)(x + 2) + x(x 1)(x + 1) = 0.
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
3. Cho x + y = 1.Tnh gi tr biu thc:Q = 2(x
3
+ y
3
) 3(x
2
+ y
2
).
Bi 15 :
1. Rt gn biu thc : A = (2x + 3y)(4x
2
6xy + 9y
2
)
2. Tm x, bit: (4x
2
+ 2x + 1)(2x 1) 4x(2x
2
3) = 23.
3. Cho a b = 1 v ab = 6.Tnh a
3
b
3
.
Bi 16: Rt gn :
a)
( ) ( )( ) 1 3 3 2 2 5 2 + + m m m m
b) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 4 3 8 4 2 + + x x x
c) ( ) ( )( ) 1 7 1 7 2 7
2
+ y y y d) ( ) ( )
2 3
3 . 2 + a a a
Bi 1 7: CM cc biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo gi tr ca bin x, y:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) x x x x 12 3 2 5 2 5 2
2
+ b) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 6 3 2 . 2 1 2
2 3
y y y y y
c)
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
20 9 3 3 x x x x + + +
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 6 1 3 9 1 3 2 3 . 3 + + y y y y y y
Bi 18: Tm x:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 16 3 4 7 2 5 2
2
+ x x x b) ( )( ) ( ) 22 1 8 3 8 3 8
2
2 2 2
+ x x x
c) 0 1 14 49
2
+ + x x d) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 2 2 . 1
2 3
x x x x
Bi 19: Chng minh biu thc sau lun dng:
a) A= 3 8 16
2
+ + x x b)
8 5
2
+ y y B
c) 2 2 2
2
+ x x C d)
4 10 25 6 9
2 2
+ + + y y x x D
Bi 20: Tm Min hoc Max ca cc biu thc sau:
a) 1 6
2
+ x x M b)
3 5 10
2
y y N
Bi 21: Thu gn:
a)
( ) ( )( ) 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2
+ + +
. . . . .
( )
64 32
2 1 2 +
b)
( ) ( )( )
4 4 2 2
3 5 3 5 3 5 + + +
. . . . . ( )
2
3 5
3 5
128 128
64 64

+ +
BI 6: PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
BNG PHNG PHP T NHN T CHUNG
Kin thc c bn:
- Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t ( hay tha s) l bin i a thc thnh mt tch ca
nhng a thc.
- Nu tt c cc s hng ca a thc c mt nhn t chung ( hoc s ch) th c th a ra
ngoi du ngoc.
Bi 1:
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t chung:
a./ 4a
2
b
3
6a
3
b
2
b./ 5(a + b) + x(a +b) c./ (a b)
2
( b a)
2. Tm x,bit :
a./ x(x 1) = 0 b./ 3x
2
6x = 0 c./ x(x 6) + 10(x 6) = 0.
Bi 2:
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t chung:
a./ 4a
2
b
3
+ 36 a
2
b
3
b./ 3n(m - 3) + 5n(m - 3) c./ (12x
2
+ 6x )( y + z) + (12x
2
+ 6x)( y
z)
2. Tm x,bit :
a./ 3x
2
+ 6x = 0 b./ 3x
3
x = 0
Bi 3:
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t chung:
a./ a
2
(x y) + b
2
(x y) b./ c(a - b) + b(b - a). c./ a(a b)
2
( b a)
3
.
2. Tm x,bit :
a./ (x 1)
2
= x + 2 b./ x
3
+ 6x = 0
Bi 4:
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t chung:
a./ (y z)(12x
2
6x) + ( y z)(12x
2
+ 6x) b./ a(b - c) + d(b - c) e(c b). c./ (a b) +
( b a)
2
.
2. Tm x,bit :
a./ 3x(x 10) = x - 10 b./ x(x + 7) = 4x + 28
Bi 5:
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t chung:
a./ a(b 3) + (3 b) - b(3 b). b./ 15a
2
b(x
2
- y) 20ab
2
(x
2
- y) + 25ab(y x
2
).
c./ 5(a b)
2
- ( b a)(a + b).
2./ Tm x,bit :
a./ x(x 4) = 2x - 8 b./ (2x + 3)(x - 1)+ ( 2x 3)(1 x) = 0
BI 7: PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
BNG PHNG PHP DNG HNG NG THC
Kin thc c bn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
3
2 2 3 2 2 3
3
3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2
2 2
3 3
3 3
A B A AB B A B A AB B
A B A B A B A B A A B AB B
A B A A B AB B A B A B A AB B
A B A B A AB B
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ +
Bi 1:
1. Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
3 3 2 2 3 2
. / . / 1 4 . / 8 4 a a b a b b x x c y y + + + +
2. Tm x,bit:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
. / 3 5 1 0 . / 5 4 49 0 a x x b x x +
Bi 2:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4 2 2 3 3 2 2
. / 2 . / 2 2 . / 8 27 2 4 9 a x x y y b a b b a c a b a a b + + + +
2./ Tm x,bit:
2
36 0 x
3./ Chng minh ( 5n 2)
2
(2n 5)
2
lun chia ht cho 21,(
n z
)
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
Bi 3:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2 2 6
. / 64 125 5 16 25 . / 1 2 . / 1 a a b b a b b x xy y c x + + +
2./ Tm x,bit:
3
4 36 0 x x
3./ Chng minh ( 7n 2)
2
(2n 7)
2
lun chia ht cho 7,(
n z
)
BI 8: PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
PHNG PHP NHM CC HNG T
Kin thc c bn: Vn dng cc tnh cht giao hon, kt hp v phn phi ca php
cng, php nhn a thc nhm mt s hng t c nhn t chung, sau a nhn t
chung ra ngoi du ngoc.
Bi 1:
1. Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t:
a./ 10x
2
+ 10xy + 5x + 5y b./ 5ay 3bx + ax 15by c./ x
3
+ x
2
x - 1
2. Tm x,bit : a./ x(x 2) + x 2 = 0 b./ x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1 = 0
Bi 2:
1./ Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t:
a./2bx 3ay 6by + ax b./ x + 2a(x y) - y c./ xy
2
by
2
ax + ab + y
2
- a
2./ Tm x,bit : 2(x + 3) - x
2
3x = 0
Bi 3:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
5 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
. / 1 . / 48 32 15 10 . / a a a a b xz xy xz y c ax ay bx cy by cx + + + +
2./ Tm x,bit:2x(3x 5) = 10 6x
Bi 4:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2
. / 5 5 7 7 . / . / ( ) . / a a ax a x b a ba ca abc c x a b x ab d a b a c b c abc + + + + + + +
2./ Tm x,bit: x
2
9 = 0
Bi 5:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
. / . / 40 9 24 15 ; . / ( ) ( ). a mx my nx ny b bc cx bx c c a b c a b c a b + + + + +
2./ Tm x,bit:x
3
25x = 0.
Bi 6: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3
(2 ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ). ( ) ( ) ( )
A x x y y z B x y z y z x z x y
C xy x y yz y z xz z x D a b c a b c
+ + + +
+ + + + +
E = 3x
2
3y
2
(12x
2
- 12y) F= x
2
y
2
+ 13x 13y G = x
2
y
2
+ 7x 7y
Bi 7 : Tm x bit:
a)
3
4 36 0 x x b) 5(x 9) + x
2
9x = 0 c) 2( x + 5) x
2
5x = 0
BI 9: PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
PHNG PHP PHI HP NHIU PHNG PHP
Kin thc c bn: Thc hin cc bc:
t nhn t chung (nu c)
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
Dng hng ng thc
Nhm cc hng t
Bi 1:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a./
3 2
2 2 a ab b./
5 3 2
1 a a a + c./
2 2 2
5 3( ) 5 x x y y + +
2./ Tm x,bit: x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0
Bi 2:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a./
2 2
27 18 3 a b ab + b./
2 2
4 2 x xy y
c./
2 2
2 x xy y xz yz + +
d./ 5x
2
10xy + 5y
2
20z
2
2./ Tm x,bit: x
3
x
2
= 4x
2
8x +4
Bi 3:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
3 2 2
. / a a a b a c abc + b./
4 3 2
a a a a +
4 3
. / 4 4 c b b b + d./ ( 7x
2
14xy + 7y
2
) 28z
2
2./ Tm x,bit: 2(x + 3) x
2
- 3x = 0
Bi 4:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
3 2 2
. / 2 4 a x x y y x x + + b./
3 2 2 3
8 4 2 a a b ab b +
3 3
. / 2 2 c a b b a + d/ 5x
3
5x
2
y + 10x
2
10xy
2./ Tm x,bit: x
2
+ 4x +3 = 0.
Bi 5:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( )
2
2
. / a a b m a b m + + + b./
3 2
6 12 8 x x x + c./
2 2
7 10 x xy y +
4 3
. / 2 4 4 d x x x +
2./ Tm x,bit: 2x
2
3x 5 = 0
Bi 6:
1./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( )
2
3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2
2 4 3 3 3 2 5 6 A x x y xy x B x x y xy y x y C x y x y D x xy y + + + + + + + + + + +
2./ Tm x,bit:
a./ x
2
+ 3x + 2 = 0 b./ x
2
x 6 = 0 c./ x
3
-3x
2
x + 3 = 0
N TP : PHN TCH A THC THNH NHN T
I/ PP t nhn t chung
Bi 1: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
1/6x
2
+ 9x 2/4x
2
8x 3/5x
2
+ 10x 4/2x
2
8x 5/5x 15y 6./ x(x
2
1) + 3(x
2
1)
Bi 2: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a)
xy x 10 5
b) am m a m a 4 5 7
3 2 2 3
+
c)
3 7 2 6 4 3 4 5
12 24 18 y x z y x z y x + d)
( ) ( ) 2
4
3
2
4
3
a n a m
e)
( ) ( ) ( ) y x z x y y y x x + 28 21 14
f)
( ) ( ) a a a a + 3 16 3 8
2 3
g)
3 5 5 4 4 4
36 18 45 y x y x y x + h)
( ) ( ) m x ab x m b a
2 2
6 3
i)
( ) x y y x a +
2
k) 12y ( 2x-5 ) + 6xy ( 5- 2x)
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
Bi 3: Phn tch ra tha s
a) 3xy + x
2
y
2
5x
2
y
b) 2x(y z) + 5y(z y)
10x
2
(x + y) 5(2x + 2y)y
2
d)12xy
2
12xy + 3x
e)15x 30 y + 20z
f)
7
5
x(y 2009) 3y(2009 - y)
2/ PP Dng hng ng thc:
Bi 1: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a./ x
2
100 b./ 9x
2
18x + 9 c./x
3
8 d./x
3
+ 8x
4
- 1 e./ x
2
+ 6xy
2
+ 9y
4
f./ a
4
b
4
g./ (x 3)
2
- (2 3x)
2
h./ x
3
3x
2
+ 3x - 1
Bi 2: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a) 1 36 12
2
x x b)
2 2
4 4 y x xy
c)
2 2
25 49 a m d)
2 4
81
9
4
b a
e) ( )
2 2
9 1 x a +
g) ( )
2 4 6
25 x a b a + h) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 4 + y x h) 1 3 3
2 3
+ + x x x k)
3 2 2 3
9 27 27 y xy y x x +
l)
125
1
125
3
x
m)
27
8
3
+ y
n./ ( ) ( )
2
2 2
x y x y +
c)
2 2
16 24 9 x mx m + +
d) ( )
2 2
2 81 b a x e) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 25 2 49 + x x f) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
4 b a b a + g)
3 3
8 64 y m +
h)
3 2 2 3
6 12 8 y my y m m + +
i)
4 4
b a j)
6 6
y x
Bi 3: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t
1/(x 15)
2
16 2/25 (3 x)
2
3/(7x 4)
2
( 2x + 1)
2
4/ 9(x + 1)
2
1 5/ 9(x + 5)
2
(x
7)
2
6/49(y- 4)
2
9(y + 2)
2
7/ 8x
3
+ 27y
3
8/(x + 1)
3
+ (x 2)
3
9/1 y
3
+ 6xy
2
12x
2
y
+ 8x
3
10/ 2004
2
- 16 11) a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
- 3abc 12) (a+b+c)
3
- a
3
- b
3
- c
3
3/ PP Nhm cc hng t
Bi 1 : Phn tch thnh nhn t:
1/3x
3
6x
2
+ 3x
2
y 6xy 2/x
2
2x + xy 2y3/2x + x
2
2y 2xy + y
2
4/a
4
+ 5a
3
+ 15a
9
5/
2
5 5 x xy x y +
6/ax 2x a
2
+ 2a 7/x
3
2x
2
y + xy
2
9x
Bi 2 : Phn tch thnh nhn t:
1/x
2
+ 2xz + 2xy + 4yz 2/xz + xt + yz + yt 3/x
2
2xy + tx 2ty 4/x
2
3x + xy 3y
5/2xy + 3z + 6y + xz 6/x
2
xy + x y 7/xz + yz 2x 2y 8/ b a ab a +
2
9/
2 2 3
2 2 y y x xy x +
10/ 1 2
2 2
+ + a x a
Bi 3 : Phn tch thnh nhn t :
1/ x
2
2xy + y
2
9 2/x
2
+ y
2
2xy 4 3/x
2
+ 2x + 1 16y
2
4/x
2
+
6x y
2
+ 9
5/x
2
+ 4x 2xy - 4y + y
2
6/4x
2
+ 4x 9y
2
+ 1 7/x
2
-6xy+9y
2
25z
2
8/16x
2
+ 24x 8xy
6y + y
2
9/x
2
+ 4x - y
2
+ 4 10/
2 2
x 2x 4y 4y
11/a
2
b
2
2a + 1 12/2xy x
2
y
2
+ 16.
Bi 4: Phn tch thnh nhn t
1/
2 2 2
2 b ab a m + 2/ 4 4 25
2 4
x x b 3/
2 2 2 2
2 2 y x by b ax a +

4/x
2
+ y
2
z
2
9t
2
2xy + 6zt 5/x
4
+ 3x
2
9x 27 6/x
4
+ 3x
3
9x 9 7/x
3

3x
2
+ 3x 1 8y
3
*Bi 5 : Phn tch thnh nhn t.
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
1/x
2
y + xy
2
+ x
2
z + xz
2
+ y
2
z + yz
2
+ 2xyz 2/x
2
y + xy
2
+ x
2
z + xz
2
+ y
2
z + yz
2
+ 3xyz
3/x(y
2
z
2
) + y(z
2
y
2
) + z(x
2
y
2
) 4/xy(x y) xz( x + z) yz (2x + y z )
5/x(y + z )
2
+ y(z + x)
2
+ z(x + y)
2
4xyz 6/yz(y +z) + xz(z x) xy(x + y)
4/ Phi hp cc phng php:
Bi 1 : Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t:a)
2 2 3
2 ab b a a + b)
2 2 3 4
5 10 5 y ax y ax ax + +
c)
2 2
2 2 4 2 y x x + +
d)
9 2
2 2
+ y x xy
e)
x xy y x x 16 2
2 2 3
+ +
f) 1
2 3
+ a a a
g)
2 2
y ay am m + +
h)
1 3 3
2
+ x y xy
k)
3 2 2 3
y y x xy x +
l)
3 3
b mb ma a +
Bi 2: Phn tch thnh nhn t
a) 5x
3
- 45x b)3x
3
y 6x
2
y 3xy
3
6axy
2
-3a
2
xy + 3xy
c)3x
3
27x d) x
3
x + 3x
2
y + 3xy
2
+ y
3
y
Bi 3: Phn tch thnh nhn t:
a) x
2
- 3x + 2 b ) x
2
+ 4x + 3 c) 2x
2
+ 3x 5
BI 10: CHIA N THC CHO N THC
o Kin thc c bn
Mun chia n thc A cho n thc B ( A chia ht cho B) ta lm nh sau:
Chia h s ca n thc A cho h s ca n thc B
Chia ly tha ca tng bin trong A cho ly tha ca tng bin trong B
Nhn cc kt qu va tm c li vi nhau
Bi 1:
1./ Thc hin php chia.
A = ( )
2 2 2 2 2
9 : 3 a b c ab c
( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 2
4 : 2 B a b a b
( ) ( )
4
2 3
: C x y z xyz
2./ Tnh gi tr ca biu thc : ( ) ( )
5 2
2 2 3
: xyz x yz
ti
1
1; ; 2
2
x y z
Bi 2:
1./ Tnh
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 2 2 2
64 : ( 4 ) 6 : 2 9 : 3 A xy x B a b c a bc C a b ab
2./ Tm s t nhin n php chia sau l php chia ht.
a./ 5x
4
:6x
n
b./ 3x
n
: 4x
2
Bi 3:
1./ Thc hin php chia
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
2 5 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
1 2
: 2 : 4 : 8
3 3
A x y x y B m n p m n p C a b a b
_


,
2./ Tnh gi tr biu thc:
5 3 2 2 2
3 3
:
4 2
a b c a b c
_


,
ti
1
2; 3;
2
a b c
3./ Tm s t nhin n php chia sau l php chia ht: 4x
n
y
n+1
: 3x
4
y
6
.
BI 11: CHIA A THC CHO N THC
o Kin thc c bn
Mun chia a thc A cho n thc B (hng t ca A chia ht cho n thc B) ta lm nh sau:
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
Chia mi hng t ca A cho B
Cng cc kt qu va tm c li vi nhau
Bi 1:
1./ Thc hin php chia
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
3 4 : 5 3 5 4 : A a b ab ab B x y x y x y x y +
2./Rt gn: ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
6 3 : 12 9 : 3 a a a a a a + +
3./ Tm n php chia sau l php chia ht: (x
3
5x
2
+3x): 4x
n
.
Bi 2:
1./Thc hin php chia:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 2
2 3 : 3 2 3 : A a b a b a b B x y x y x y x y + +
2./ Tnh gi tr biu thc: ( ) ( )
2 3 2 2
2 5 : 12 6 : 3 xy y y xy x x + +
ti x = -3;y = -12
3./ Rt gn biu thc: ( ) ( )
2 2 3 2 2
1
3 : 6 5 :
2
a b ab ab b ab b
_
+

,
Bi 3:
1./ Thc hin php chia:
( ) ( )
5 3 6 2 4 2 3 2 2 3
1 1 1
3 : 4 : 5
3 3 4
A a b a b a b B a b a b ab ab
_
+ +

,
2./Rt gn:
( )
3
4 2 3 2
1
3 : : 3 3
3
M x x x x x x
_
+ +

,
3./ Tnh gi tr biu thc: ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
3 4 : 10 15 : 5 x x y x xy y y + +
ti x = 2;y = -5.
Bi 4:
1./ Thc hin php chia:
( )
5 2 4 3 3 4 2 2 6 3 3 4 5 3
2 3 4 3 6 9 3
: 6 :
3 4 5 4 5 10 5
A x y x y x y x y B a b a b ab ab
_ _ _
+ +

, , ,
2./Rt gn: ( )
3
1
12 8 : 4 4 3
4
M x x x x x
_
+

,
3./ Tnh gi tr biu thc: ( ) ( )
4 3 2 3
18 27 : 9 10 : 5 a a a a a
ti a = -8.
Bi 5:
1./ Thc hin php chia:
( )
5 2 4 5 3 6 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
4 2 2
4 : 9 3 : 3
9 3 3
A a b a b a b a b B a b a b a b a b
_ _
+ +

, ,
2./Rt gn: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 2 2 2 2 3 4 2
1
3 2 : 2 : 5 : 2 : 2
3
M x x y x xy x y xy N x x x x x
_
+ +

,
3./ Tnh gi tr biu thc: ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
8 4 : 2 4 3 : 2 x x x x x x x +
ti x = -1.
BI 12: CHIA A THC MT BIN SP XP
Kin thc c bn
Vi hai a thc A v B ca cng mt bin
( ) 0 B
, tn ti duy nht cp a thc Q v R sao cho
A = BQ + R,trong R = 0 hoc bc ca R nh hn bc ca B(R gi l d trong php chia A
cho B). Khi R = 0 php chia A cho B l php chia ht.
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
Bi 1:
1./Thc hin php chia: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 4 2 4
3 5 3 1 : 1 1 : 1 A x x x x x B x x +
2./ Cho a thc: P(x) = x
3
+5x
2
+3x + m v Q(x) = x
2
+ 4x -1.Tm m P(x) chia ht cho Q(x).
Bi 2:
1./Thc hin php chia: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 3 2 2 4 2
4 5 10 : 2 2 3 : 3 A x x x x x x B x x x + + +
2./ Cho a thc: P(x) = x
3
3x
2
+5x + m +1 v Q(x) = x -2.Tm m P(x) chia ht cho Q(x).
Bi 3:
1./Thc hin php chia: ( ) ( )
2 4 2
10 3 6 : 2 3 A x x x x x + +
2./ Cho a thc: P(x) = 3x
2
+mx + 27 v Q(x) = x + 5.Tm m P(x) chia ht cho Q(x) c d
bng 2.
Bi 4:
1./ Tm a,b a thc A(x) = 2x
3
x
2
+ ax + b chia ht cho B(x) = x
2
1.
2./ Tm x php chia (5x
3
3x
2
+ 7) : ( x
2
+ 1) c d bng 5.
Bi 5:
1./ Tm a,b a thc A(x) = 2x
3
+ 7 x
2
+ ax + b chia ht cho B(x) = x
2
+ x - 1.
2./ Tm m php chia (2x
2
x + m) : ( 2x - 5) c d bng -10.
Bi 6: Lm tnh chia a) ( x
3
3x
2
+ x 3 ) : ( x 3)
b) ( x
4
2x
3
+ 4 x
2
8x ) : ( x
2
+ 4) c) ( x
4
2x
3
+ 4 x
2
8x ) : ( x
2
+ 4)
N TP KIM TRA THAM KHO TNG HP
1 /
Cu 1( 2 ) :Rt gn ri tnh gi tr ca biu thc
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 3. 3 1 2 1 2 1 x x x x + + + + ti x = 5
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 3 3 9 x x x x x + + +
ti x = -3
Cu 2( 2 ) : Tnh nhanh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) 87
2
+ 73
2
27
2
- 13
2
b ) 52.143 52.39 8.26
Cu 3( 3 ): Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
a) x
2
y
2
+ 13x 13y
b) 5x
2
10xy + 5y
2
20z
2
c ) x
2
+ 4x + 3
Cu 4( 2 ): a) Lm tnh chia ( x
4
2x
3
+ 4 x
2
8x ) : ( x
2
+ 4)
b)Tm x bit 2( x + 5) x
2
5x = 0
Cu 5( 1 ): Tm x, y, z tho mn iu kin
x
2
+ 4y
2
+ z
2
2x + 8y - 6z + 14 0
2/
1./ Rt gn biu thc: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
3 1 3 2 1 2 2 4 2 A x x x B x x x x x + + + +
2./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:

( )
3 3 2
. / 27 3 3 . / 5 7 10 14 a x x x b x x x + +
3./ Tm m a thc A(x) = x
3
3x
2
+ 5x + m chia ht cho a thc B(x) = x - 2
4./ Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: Q(x) = x
2
- 4x + 5
5./ Tm x,bit :
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 16 6 2 x x x x x + +
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
3/
Cu 1( 2 ) : Rt gn ri tnh gi tr ca biu thc
a) xy( x + y ) x
2
( x + y ) y
2
( x - y ) vi x = 3, y = 2
b) 2( x + y ) ( x - y ) + ( x + y )
2
+ ( x - y )
2
vi x = - 3, y = 2010
Cu 2 ( 2 ): tnh nhanh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) 67
2
+ 33
2
+ 66.67
b) 36
2
+ 86
2
72.86
Cu 3( 3 ): Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
a) x
2
y
2
+ 7x 7y
b) 5x
3
5x
2
y + 10x
2
10xy
c) 2x
2
+ 3x 5
Cu 4(2 ): a) Lm tnh chia ( x
3
3x
2
+ x 3 ) : ( x 3)
b) Tm x bit 2x( x 5) x( 3 + 2x ) = 0
Cu 5( 1 ): Cho bit x + y + z = 1 v x, y, z > 0.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = xyz( x + y )( y + z )( z + x )
4/
1./ Rt gn biu thc:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
2 3 2
2 3 4 6 9 2 4 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 A x x x x B x x x x x x x + + + + + +
2./ Phn tch thnh nhn t: ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
. / 3 3 . / 3 2 a x y x y b b a a b a b a b + + +
3./ Tm m a thc A(x) = x
4
x
3
+ 6x
2
x + m chia cho a thc B(x) = x
2
x + 5 c
d bng 2.
4./ Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: Q(x) = -x
2
+ 2x + 5.
5./ Tm x,bit : (2x 1)
2
(3x + 4)
2
= 0.
5/
1./ Rt gn biu thc: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 3
2 4 2 2
3 3 9 3 1 1 6 1 1 A x x x x B x x x x + + + + + +
2./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
2 2 2 3 2
. / 81 6 9 . / 6 12 8 a a bc b c b a a a +
3./ Tm a a thc A(x) = x
3
2x
2
+ x - a + 2 chia ht cho a thc B(x) = x + 3 c d
bng 5.
4./ Cho a + b = 1.Tnh a
3
+ b
3
+ 3ab.
5./ Tm x,bit : (x 2)
3
(x + 2)(x
2
2x + 4) + ( 2x 3)(3x 2) = 0.
6/
1./ Rt gn:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 3 3 4 2
3 2 2 2 10 : 2 4 : 2 2 A x x x x x x B x y x y xy xy x xy + +
2./ Phn tch thnh nhn t:
2 2 2
. / 2 12 18 2 6 . / 4 4 8 a x x xy y b x x y y + + + +
3./ a./ Tm x, bit : 5x
3
3x
2
+ 10x 6 = 0 b./ Tm x;y bit : x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 5
= 0.
4./ Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc: P = x
2
+ y
2
2x + 6y + 12
7/
1./ Rt gn:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 3 9 2 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 4 A x x x x x x B x y x y y y + + + + + +
2./ Phn tch thnh nhn t: ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
. / 2 3 6 9 . / 4 4 8 a x x x b x y x y + + + +
Ph m Th Huy Bi tp n - chng 1: i s lp 8
3./ Tm a a thc A(x) = 2x
3
7x
2
+ 5x + a chia ht cho a thc B(x) = 2x 3.
4./ Tm x, bit: x
2
3x + 5(x 3) = 0.
5./ Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc: Q = -x
2
y
2
+ 4x 4y + 2.
8/
Cu 1(2 ): Rt gn ri tnh gi tr ca biu thc
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2 5 2. 2 3 2 5 x x x x + + + + + ti x = 2010
b) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 x x x + ti x = 4
Cu 2(2 ): Tnh nhanh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) x
3
+ 9x
2
+ 27x + 27 ti x = 97
b) ( x
2
2xy + y
2
) 4z
2
ti x = 6, y = -4, z = 45
Cu 3(3 ): Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
a) 3x
2
3y
2
( 12x
2
- 12y )
b) ( 7x
2
14xy + 7y
2
) 28z
2
c) x
2
- 3x + 2
Cu 4 ( 2 ): a) Lm tnh chia: ( x
4
2x
3
+ 4 x
2
8x ) : ( x
2
+ 4)
c) Tm x bit: 5( x 9 ) + x
2
9x = 0
Cu 5( 1 ): Tm a a thc x
3
3x
2
+ 5x + a chia ht cho a thc x - 2
Cc bi tp tng hp nng cao
Bi 1: Pn tch thnh nhn t:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
2 16 2 3 2 5 8 A x x y xy x B x x x x C a x y a y x x y a + + + + +
C = ( x
2
+ x + 3) ( x
2
+ x 2 ) + 6 D = ( x 1)( x + 3 )( x + 4)( x + 8 ) - 21
Bi 2: Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2 2 2 2
4 2 2 4 3 4 2 5 A x x B x x C x y x y + + + + +
Bi 3: Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
2 2 2
6 5 4 9 4 6 3 A x x B x y x y + + + +
Bi 4: Chng minh rng biu thc sau y lun dng,vi mi x:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 4 6 4 2 4 10. A x x B x y x y C x y z x y z + + + + + + +
Bi 5: Tm x,y bit:
a./ x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y + 5 = 0 b./ 5x
2
+ 9y
2
12xy 6x + 9 = 0
Bi 6: a./ Tm a,b a thc A(x) = 2x
3
+ 7x
2
+ ax + b chia ht cho a thc B(x) = x
2
+ x 1
b./ Tm a,b a thc A(x) = ax
3
+ bx - 24 chia ht cho a thc B(x) = x
2
+ 4x + 3
c./ Tm a,b a thc A(x) = 6x
4
x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + 4 chia ht cho a thc B(x) = x
2
4
Bi 7: Cho x = y + 1.Chng minh:
a./ x
3
y
3
3xy = 1 b./ (x + y)(x
2
+ y
2
)(x
4
+ y
4
)(x
8
+ y
8
) = x
16
y
16
.
Bi 8: Cho bit x + y + z = 1 v x, y, z > 0.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = xyz( x + y )( y + z )( z + x )
Bi 9: Tm x, y, z tho mn iu kin
x
2
+ 4y
2
+ z
2
2x + 8y - 6z + 14 0
Bi 10: Tm a a thc x
3
3x
2
+ 5x + a chia ht cho a thc x 2