Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

D. HNG DN CC BI TP MU
BI 1: gii ni lc cho dm lin tc 2 nhp. (nhp 1 di 4m, nhp 2 di 6m, tit din 20x40cm, chu ti phn b q=1000kg/m) CC BC THC HIN: Bc 1: to hnh dng kt cu. To hnh dng kt cu bng cch ly t th vin mu; click vo File/New Model, hp th vin mu hin ra nh hnh di.
chn n v

Chn n v s dng : kgf, m, C. Th vin mu cho ta rt nhiu dng kt cu: Dm (Beam), Dn phng (2D Trusses), Dn khng gian (3D Trusses), Khung phng (2D Frames), Khung khng gian (3D Frames), Tng cng (Wall), Tm sn (Flat Slab), Tm v (Shells), Cu thang (Staircases), Thp nc (Storage Structures), Khi mng (Underground Concrete), Kt cu dng khi (Solid Models), Cu dy vng (Cable Bridges), Blank cho hin ra mn hnh trng, Grid only ch hin ra li.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 9

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Chn Beam, trong hp thoi hin ra, nhp cc thng s kch thc dm vo: (1) Number of Spans (s nhp): 2, (2) Span Length (chiu di nhp) : 6, (3) click chn Restraints (cho hin lin kt bin). (4) Click chn hp Use Custom Grid Spacing chnh sa li li cng nh chiu di nhp, click vo Edit Grid, trong hp thoi hin ra sa to A li thnh (- 4), ta c dm 2 nhp nh yu cu ch : SAP mc nh trc to nm gia kt cu nn khi to dm 2 nhp th to A= -6, B=0, C= 6. Nu ta ch mi nhp cc thng s (1), (2), (3) m OK, thot ra th dm ta c l dm 2 nhp mi nhp 6m, ta s chnh sa bng cch con tr ngay mt li (s hin ln ch Grid Point), nhp double click, sau chnh sa li nh mc (4), v nh click vo hp Glue to Grid lines. Bc 2: t thuc tnh cho kt cu t thuc tnh vt liu: vo Menu Define/Materials, chn 4000Psi, click vo Modify/Show Material trong hp thoi hin ra, c cc thng s nh sau: Mass per Unit Volume: khi lng ring vt liu, yu t ny ch quan tm khi gii bi ton ng lc hc. Weight per Unit Volume: trng lng ring, cn nhp chng trnh t tnh ton trng lng bn thn kt cu, ta nhp l 2500 kgf/m3. Modulus of Elasticity: Modul n hi ca btng (khng quan tm vi bi ton tnh nh). Poissons Ratio: h s poisson (h s n hng). Thermal: h s co gin nhit. Shear Modulus: modul chng ct. t thuc tnh tit din: vo Menu Define/Section Properties /Frame Sections, chn Add New Properties, trong hp thoi hin ra chn Concrete (nh hnh di),

chn tit din ch nht (Rectangular), t tn tit din (Section Name) l D20x40, chnh kch thc tit din li nh sau:
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 10

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Depth(t3) - chiu cao tit din : 0.4. Width(t2) - chiu rng tit din : 0.2 t thuc tnh v ti trng: vo Menu Define/Load Patterns, trong hp Self weight Multiplier (h s trng lng bn thn) sa li thnh 1.1, click Modify Load, OK. C th xem nhn (Label) ca thanh v ca nt bng cch click vo biu tng dy thanh cng c, chn nh hnh di: Click b chn Invisible trong Joints cho hin du chm hin th nt, Click chn Labels trong hp Frames cho hin th nhn ca thanh, OK.

Bc 3: Gn thuc tnh cho kt cu Gn tit din: chn tt c kt cu bng cch click vo biu tng c ch All bn tri mn hnh, click vo biu tng trn (hoc vo menu Assign/Frame/Frame Sections), trong hp thoi hin ra chn tit din t phn trc (D20x40). OK. Gn ti trng: chn tt c (All), click vo biu tng (hoc vo Assign/ FrameLoads/Distributed), hp thoi hin ra nh hnh bn, nhp vo hp Uniform Load gi tr 1000. Ch Direction l hng tc dng, ta chn Gravity tc l ti tc dng theo chiu trng lc. Trong hp Options : Add l

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 11

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

thm ti vo ti hin c, Replace : thay th ti hin c bng ti mi, Delete : xo ti hin c. Bc 4: Gii kt cu Click vo biu tng hnh tam gic (gn hnh kho thanh cng c bn trn) chy chng trnh, trong hp thoi hin ra click Run Now. Bc 5: xem kt qu Click vo hnh tam gic cnh biu tng , chn Frames/ Cables xem biu xem

ni lc thanh, chn Joints (hoc click ngay vo hnh biu tng phn lc nt chn (Reaction), di y l phn xem ni lc thanh: Axial Force: lc dc. Shear 2-2: lc ct theo phng 2. Shear 3-3: lc ct theo phng 3. Torsion: lc xon. Moment 2-2: moment theo phng 2. Moment 3-3: moment theo phng 3 (chn).

Trong hp Options chn Show Values on Diagram, OK, ta c biu nh hnh di.

Moment M(3-3)

Bi tp tng t: Gii dm nh hnh bn (s vn chuyn cc BTCT tit din 30x30cm), trng lng bn thn = 225 kgf/m, khai bo Self weight = 0 (trong menu Define/ Load Cases.
L=7000 225 kG/m

2058 0,294*L

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 12

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

BI 2: gii ni lc cho dm Limon cu thang Chn File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. To hnh dng kt cu bng cch v nn ta chn Grid Only, trong hp hin ra nhp vo Number of Grid Lines (s mt li theo t phng X, Y, Z), Grid Spacing (khong cch li), ta nhp gi tr nh hnh a. Double Click vo mt li, sa li C l 4.5, OK. Ta c li ng kch thc ca kt cu. V dm Limon bng cch chn (hoc menu Draw/Draw Frame/ ), click cc im trn mn hnh theo th t nh hnh b.

Click im 2

Click im 3

Click im 1

Hnh b Gn lin kt bin: click chn nt 1 ri click vo hp biu tng chn gi c nh , click chn

chn nt 3 ri click vo biu tng gi di ng .

Hnh a Vo menu Define/Materials t thuc tnh vt liu, chn 4000Psi sa li trng lng ring l 2500 kg/m3 .(ging bi tp 1). Vo menu Define/Section Properties/ Frame sections t thuc tnh tit din (D20x40), .(ging bi tp 1). Vo menu Define/Load Patterns sa li h s nhn vi trng lng bn thn selfweight=0. Gn thuc tnh tit din cho ton b dm: chn ton b dm bng cch click vo toolbar All, vo toolbar , chn tit din c nh ngha (D20x40), OK.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 13

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Gn ti ln dm nh hnh v. Click chn pt 1 (v thang) ri nhp vo biu tng , nhp vo ti Uniform Load = 1100 (xem li BT1); tng t chn pt 2 (chiu ngh) ri nhp vo ti Uniform Load = 800. Nhp ti tp trung vo nt bng cch chn nt 2, ri nhp vo toolbar -2700, OK. nhp gi tr trong hp Force Global Z l

Chy chng trnh so snh kt qu momen M(3-3) vi kt qu mu. M kha, sa li nt 3 l gi c nh (ging nt 1), chy li chng trnh, xem momen, so snh kt qu vi trng hp 1, gii thch kt qu sai khc!!!

3000

00 15

Bi tp tng t: Gii dm limon nh hnh bn vi trng lng bn thn = 0, khai bo tit din nh hnh.
00 15

900
3600

TIET DIEN 20x40

3000

1500

1800

3000

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 14

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

BI 3: gii ni lc cho dm 3 nhp c 1 u consol, chu lc nh hnh v (Tit din dm nhp 3,5m l 20x30cm, cc nhp cn li l 20x50cm)

Vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. Chn Beam t th vin mu, nhp cc s liu nh sau: Number of Span - s nhp: 4, Span Length - chiu di nhp: 6 ( ta s sa li to li). Click vo Edit Grid , sa li to A = 0, B = 5.1, C = 8.6, D = 12.6, E = 14.6. Chn nt 5 (nt cui cng) b lin kt bin, bng cch click vo biu tng click chn nt (hnh du chm, cui cng). Vo menu Define/Materials t thuc tnh vt liu. Vo menu Define/Section Properties/Frame sections t thuc tnh tit din . Vo menu Define/Load cases sa li h s nhn vi trng lng bn thn selfweight=1.1. Gn thuc tnh tit din cho ton b dm: chn ton b dm bng cch click vo toolbar All, click vo biu tng gn tit din D20x30. Gn ti ln dm: Chn thanh 1 (pt 1), click vo biu tng , gn ti vo nh hnh (a). Ch : click vo Absolute Distance dng ch gi tr tuyt i (ng kch thc tht ca dm), OK. , chn tit din 20x50, OK, chn nhp 3,5m

Hnh (a) Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

Hnh (b)
trang 15

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Chn li thanh 1 (pt 1), click vo biu tng , gn ti tp trung ln thanh, nh hnh (b). Ch , click vo Relative Distance dng ch quan h t l on thng, OK. Tng t nh trn, chn thanh 2 (pt 2), click vo biu tng nh hnh c (ti tam gic), OK. Chn li thanh 2 (pt 2), click vo biu tng thanh, nh lm cho p.t 1, OK. , gn ti vo

, gn ti tp trung 2500 ln

Chn p.t 3 gn ti phn b u nh lm bi 1, 2. Tng t nh trn, chn thanh 4 (pt 4), click vo biu tng nh hnh d (ti tam gic), OK. , gn ti vo

(Hnh c) Chn nt ti u mt consol (c lc tp trung v moment), click vo

(Hnh d)

toolbar , gn ti vo nh hnh bn. Ti tp trung tc dng theo hng Z (Force Global Z) nhp gi tr: -1500, moment nhp ti Moment about Global Y c ngha l moment quay quanh trc Y ca trc to tng th, chiu dng ca momen cng chiu kim ng h. Ta khng th thy s hin th ca momen trn mn hnh trong mt phng X-Z, v c tnh ca chng trnh hin th moment quay quanh trc Y bng mi tn i hng theo trc Y, v vy ta ch c th thy n khi hin th 3D.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 16

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Chy chng trnh so snh kt qu moment vi kt qu mu.

Bi tp tng t: BT1 - Dm 2 nhp mi nhp 5m, c u consol ra 1.5m, khng cn khai bo tit din, cho h s selfweight = 0 (trong Define/Load Pattern).
1m
500

1m
500

BT2 - Gii dm nh hnh bn, khng cn khai bo tit din, cho h s selfweight = 0

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 17

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

BI 4: gii ni lc cho khung nh hnh v, chu ti trng thng ng v 1 chuyn v thng.

3500
0 X5

3500
D2 0 10 0 10 00

C20X20

0 D2

50 D20X50

0X

1800 2000

1500 1500 2500

D20X50
3600

D20X 40 D20X50

3600

1500 2500

3600

D20X40 D20X50
3800

1500

4500

D20X40
2500 1cm

5000

2000

COT CO TIET DIEN EU 20x30

Chuyen v

Vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. To hnh dng kt cu bng cch v, nn ta chn Grid Only, chn s li theo phng X l 4, theo phng Z l 8, click Edit grid nhp li cc to A=0, B=3.5, C=5, D=7; z1=0, z2=2.5, z3=4.5, z4=6.3, z5=8.1, z6=9.9, z7=11.7, z8=13.7, OK. V hnh dng kt cu. Trong qu trnh hon thin hnh dng kt cu, c th cn n cc chc nng ni phn t (Edit/Join Frames); chia phn t (Edit/Divide Frames) c trnh by di y: o Chia phn t thnh nhiu on: chn phn t ri vo lnh Edit/Edit Lines/Divide Frames, hp bn hin ra: Divide into l s on chia, Last/First ratio l t l on cui trn on u. Nu click chn vo nt Break at intersections l chia phn t thnh nhng on nh trc bng cc nt, hoc chia phn t ti cc im giao nhau ca cc thanh. o Ni nhiu on thng thnh 1 phn t: chn cc phn t cn ni (cc phn t phi thng hng nhau) ri chn Edit/ Edit Lines/Join Frames cc phn t s c ni li. i tn (nhn) cc phn t sao cho cc phn t ct c th t lin tc t di ln trn, t tri qua phi v dm cng vy d c kt qu sau ny, bng cch thc hin nh sau: Chn tt c cc thanh ct di (tr ct nh nc s i sau).

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 18

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Vo menu Edit/Change Labels. Chn Element Labels Frame trong hp Item Type . Nhp vo hp Prefix l C tng trng cho Ct Next number - s tip theo : 1. Increment - s gia : 1. First Relabel Order phng u tin nh s li : chn X. Second Relabel Order phng th hai nh s li : chn Z. Minimum Number Digits s thp phn nh nht (mc nh). Vo menu Edit/ Auto Relabel/ All in List thc hin vic i nhn t ng, ta s thy vic thay i hp bn di, nu ng click OK. Thc hin nh trn vi ct nh nc (nhp Next number : 14). Thc hin tng t vi dm. Gn iu kin bin cho cc chn ct (l ngm). Vo menu Define/Material t thuc tnh vt liu (nh bi 1).
Vo menu Define/Section Properties/Frame sections t thuc tnh tit din (D20x50, D20x40, C20x20, C20x30).

Vo menu Define/Load Pattern t 2 trng hp ti nh hnh di: trc ht sa li h s nhn vi trng lng bn thn selfweight=1.1, click Modify Load, t thm trng hp chuyenvi bng cch nhp tn vo hp Load Name, chn kiu (Type) l Live, click Add New Load. Trng hp chuyn v xem nh hot ti, h s selfweight=0.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 19

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Vo menu Define/Combinations, click chn Add New Combo t 1 trng hp t hp c tn l COMB1, vi kiu t hp (Load Combination Type) l Linear Add (cng tc dng), click vo hp Load Case Name chn DEAD, click Add, chn chuyenvi, click Add. Scale Factor l h s t hp, ta c nh hnh (a).

Hnh (a)

Hnh (b)

Gn thuc tnh tit din cho ton b dm, ct (nu cc p.t c cng tit din th ta chn cc p.t cng lc v gn tit din cho n). Gn ti trng cho tng thanh dm: Tt c ti trng gn vo trng hp DEAD, ch thanh ko mi xin, phi chn trc to (Coord Sys) l Local, hng tc dng (Direction) l 2 (theo hng trc 2 ca trc to a phng), xem hnh (b). Gn chuyn v nt: Chn nt chn c chuyn v (gy ra do s ln ca mng); chn biu tng nhp vo gi tr chuyn v nh hnh bn, nh chn trng hp ti (Load Pattern Name) l Chuyenvi. Chy chng trnh so snh kt qu moment vi kt qu mu (l trng hp COMB1). Ch s phn on trn dm l 9, nh s phn on (Station) trn phn t ta lm nh sau: chn tt c cc thanh dm chn biu tng (hoc vo menu Assign/Frames/Output Station)nhp vo hp Min Number Stations gi tr l 9, OK. Xem kt qu tng trng hp, rt ra nhn xt (s ln ca mng nh hng nh th no n ni lc khung? )

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 20

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

M(3-3) - Trng hp tng ti (DEAD)

M(3-3) - Trng hp chuyn v

M(3-3) - Trng hp t hp (COMB1)

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 21

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 5:Tnh ni lc cho dm c s v ti trng nh hnh v. (Tit din nhp 5m v 4,5m l 20x40cm, nhp 3m v 3,5m l 20x30cm; btng c cp bn B20, modul n hi = 27.000 MPa)
2000 2000 1500 800 1200 1000

5000 1800 1200

3000

4500

3500

TNH TAI (tt)

700 1000 800

HOAT TAI 1 (ht1)

Thc hin theo cc bc sau: Vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. Chn Beam t th vin mu, ly t th vin dm 4 nhp (Number of Span: 4), kch thc nhp l 5m (Span Length: 5), OK. Double Click vo mt li, sa li to A = 0, B = 5, C = 8, D = 12.5, E = 16. Vo menu Define/Materials t thuc tnh vt liu: chn 4000Psi, click Modify/Show Material sa li tn (Material Name and ) l B20, trng lng ring 2500 (kgf/m 3), modul n hi E=2,7.109 (Kgf/m2) Vo menu Define/Section Properties/Frame sections t thuc tnh tit din D20x40 v D20x30, nh chn Material l B20. Vo Define/Load Pattern t tn cc trng hp ti gm c (DEAD; ht1; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Trong trng hp DEAD chn kiu (Type) l Dead, h s trng lng bn thn Selfweight =1.1, cc trng hp hot ti kiu l Live (sa tn Load Name, Type, s dng nt Add New Load thm vo, Modify load thay i, Delete load xo), xem hnh di.

Vo Define/Combinations khai bo cc trng hp t hp.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 22

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Nhp nt Add new combo (thm t hp) trong hp thoi hin ln ta ln lt nhp Load combination Name : COMB1; Load Combination Type: Linear Add; trong hp Load Case Name bn di chn DEAD ri nhp Add, chn ht1/Add, hnh (a). OK thot ra. Lp li cc bc trn cho n T hp 6 (COMB6 = DEAD+ht6). Thm trng hp t hp BAO, t tn l BAO, Load Combination Type: Envelope; trong hp Load Case Name bn di chn COMB1 ri nhp Add, chn COMB2/Add.n Comb6, hnh (b).

Hnh (a)

Hnh (b)

Cc trng hp t hp gm c: COMB1 = Dead + ht1 COMB2 = Dead + ht2 .. COMB6 = Dead + ht6. Trng hp Bao = Enve (COMB1,., COMB6) Gn thuc tnh tit din (nh lm cc bi trc).
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 23

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

TINHTAI = Dead
TINHTAI

HOATTAI1

HOATTAI2

Hnh (c)

HOATTAI3

HOATTAI4

HOATTAI5

HOATTAI6

Gn ti cho tng trng hp (DEAD, ht1, ht2,); Ch tn trong hp Load Pattern name l tn no tc l gn ti cho trng hp ti , xem cc tr.hp ti hnh (c). Chy chng trnh, chn ti l BAO, xem moment 3-3.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 24

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 6 : Gii kt cu khung phng. Kch thc, tit din, ti trng cho nh hnh v.

D20x55

D20x30
C20x30 C20x30

D20x55

C20x30

D20x55
C20x30 C20x30

D20x30
C20x30

D20x55

C20x30

3.2m 3200

COT DUNG BETONG B20, Es = 27.000MPa

C20x30

3.2m 3200

DAM DU NG BETONG B15, Es = 23.000MPa

D20x55
C20x40 C20x40

D20x30
C20x40

D20x55
C20x40

D20x55

D20x30

D20x55

C20X40

C20x40

C20x40

C20x40

5.2m 5200

2.8m 2800

5.0m 5000

S O KHUNG
2500 1500 3500 800 3500 1200 2500 1200 1000 2000 400 2000 900 1200

3500 2500

4500 1800

4500

4000 2200

3500

5000 5.0m

3.2m 3200
3000 2000

4000 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

3500 2500

4500 1800

4500

3500 4000 2200

3000 2000

4000 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

3500 2500

4500 1800

4500

4000 2200

3500

3000 2000

4000 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

TINHTAI
500 400 500 1200 1000 1500

HOAT TAI 1
(TRNG HP CHT Y)
1500 900 1200

3000 2000

2500

2500

2800 1700

3000

1500 1100

1500

1500 1100

1500

3000 2000

2500

2500

2800 1700

3000

3000 2000

2500

2500

2800 1700

3000

1500 1100

1500

HOAT TAI 2
(TRNG HP CACH NHP LE)

HOAT TAI 3
(TRNG HP CACH NHP CHN)

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 25

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

500 400

2000 900

1500

1500 1000

2000 400

500

3000 2000

4000 1100

1500

1500 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

1500 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

3000 2000

4000 1100

1500

3000 2000

4000 1100

1500

1500 1100

4000

2800 1700

3000

HOAT TAI 4
(TRNG HP 2 NHP LIN TUC CHN)

HOAT TAI 5
(TRNG HP 2 NHP LIN TUC LE)

380

320

320

380

310

280

280

310

GIO TRAI

GIO PHAI

Thc hin theo cc bc sau: Vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. Chn 2D Frames t th vin mu, nhp cc thng s: o Number of Stories: s tng 4 o Number of Bays: o Story Height: o Bay Width: s nhp 3 chiu cao tng 5 chiu rng nhp 5

Click vo Edit Grid , sa li to A=0, B=5.2, C=8, D=13; z1=0, z2=5, z3=8.2, z4=11.4, z5=14.6, OK. Chn tt c chn ct gn ngm (iu kin bin: Restraint).

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 26

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

nh ngha vt liu (Define/Material) btng ct B20, Eb=2.7.109 kG/m2; dm B15, Eb= 2.3.109 kG/m2, khng lng ring l 2500 kG/m3 (cc d kin khc khng quan tm khng nh hng n bi ton ch gii ni lc). nh ngha tit din, c 4 loi tit din: Ct C20x40 v C20x30 chn vt liu l B20, Dm D20x55 v D20x30 chn vt liu l B15; ch : ct v dm u c qui c tit din ging nhau v chiu cao h v b rng b; ct C20x30 v dm D20x30 ging nhau, nhng khc mc BT nn nh ngha khc nhau. nh ngha ti trng, vo Define/Load Patterns t tn cc trng hp ti DEAD, ht1,...., ht5, gt (gi tri), gp (gi phi). H s Selfweight cho trng hp DEAD l 1.1, sau cng ta c nh hnh di:

nh ngha t hp, nh lm bi 5. T hp ti cho khung theo nguyn tc nh sau: o T hp chnh : COMB1=DEAD + gt; COMB2=DEAD+gp, xem hnh (a). o T hp ph: COMB3=DEAD + 0,9*ht1 + 0,9*gp; COMB4=DEAD + 0,9*ht1 + 0,9*gt, ..c 10 trng hp t hp ph, t COMB3 n COMB12, xem hnh (b). Nh vy ta c tng cng l 12 trng hp t hp thnh phn v 1 trng hp BAO, xem hnh (c).

Hnh (a)
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

Hnh (b)
trang 27

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Hnh (c)

Gn tit din ( lm cc bi trc). Gn ti cho tng trng hp, lm cn thn tng trng hp, ti nt nn nhp nt (khng nn nhp 2 u thanh). Thanh v nt no c ti ging nhau nn chn v nhp cng lc. Trng hp gi nhp ti ln thanh ct c hng ti (Direction) l X. Khi nhp ti xong ta c th kim tra li tng trng hp bng cch click vo biu tng chn tng trng hp ti trong hp Load Name, OK.

Chy chng trnh: xem kt qu trng hp BAO, nh hnh di.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 28

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 7a: Tnh ni lc cho dn phng c s v ti trng nh hnh v.

TAI TRONG EU 1500kg

Thc hin theo cc bc sau: Vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. Chn Grid Only , nhp s li theo phng X l 7, phng Y = 1, phng Z = 2; khong cch li theo phng X = 2, phng Y = 1, phng Z = 2.5, OK. V thanh dn: Nhp vo biu tng toolbar v thanh cnh di bng cch (v nhanh thanh) th ch

nhp chut vo tng im li hoc dng biu tng cn click vo gia 2 im li l v c 1 thanh. V thanh cnh trn bng cch v c 2 thanh xin (giao nhau nh) sau chia mi thanh thnh 3 phn t bng nhau bng cch chn c 2 thanh ri vo menu Edit/Edit Lines/Divide Frames bng bn hin ra ta chn : Divide into l 3 (chia thnh 3 on).

Last/First ratio l 1 (t l on sau trn on trc).OK. Tip tc v cc thanh ng v thanh xin c dn nh hnh trn. To iu kin bin, nh nhng bi trc. Gii phng lin kt: cc nt dn c xem l khp nn ta phi gii phng (Releases) lin kt 2 u cc thanh to thnh khp, trc ht ta chn All (tt c cc thanh), ri chn biu tng (hoc vo menu Assign/Frame/Releases), click chn nh trong hnh bn gii phng moment c 2 u (Start/End) ca phn t.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 29

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

t cc thuc tnh tit din, bi ton ny ta ch cn gii ra ni lc nn khng cn quan tm n tit din v vt liu. Cn ch , khi gii kt cu dn khng k n trng lng bn thn cu kin, nn ta cho h s trng lng bn thn (sefl weight) = 0. t ti trng ln dn. Ta ch c cc ti tp trung ti nt dn nn ch cn khai bo 1 trng hp ti v gn ti ny vo. Chy chng trnh. Xem kt qu ni lc, chn Axial Force (lc dc thanh).

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 30

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 7b: Tnh ni lc, kim tra tit din cho khung thp kiu Zamil nh hnh v. Vt liu l STEEL (ly trong SAP tt c cc thuc tnh). Ti trng bn thn vn gi nguyn h s l 1, ti ngoi l ti phn b tc dng ln thanh xin theo phng Global Z, gi tr l 500 kG/m. Ti tp trung ti nt khung c gi tr bn y l 5000kG, bn ht l 3000kG.

300

5000kG
500

3000kG 500

15

500

15

15
15

200

15

200

300

300

20000

Thc hin theo cc bc sau: To dng kt cu: vo File/New Model, chn n v s dng l Kgf,m,C. Chn Grid Only , nhp s li theo phng X l 3, phng Y = 1, phng Z = 3; khong cch li theo phng X = 10, phng Y = 1, phng Z = 10, OK. Click Edit Grid sa l li theo phng Z : z3 = 13,5. OK. V thanh: nhp vo biu tng toolbar v cc thanh khung thp theo th t t di ln: thanh ct tri dm tri dm phi ct phi. To iu kin bin, nh nhng bi trc. Gii phng lin kt: u trn ca cc thanh xin l khp nn ta phi gii phng (Releases) lin kt 1 u cc thanh to thnh khp (nh lm bi 7a), chn 1 thanh, ri chn biu tng , click chn nh trong hnh bn gii phng moment

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

10000

15

3500

trang 31

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

1 u Start hoc End tu theo th t ta v cc thanh xin - nu thc hin sai th ta UNDO lm li. t thuc tnh tit din: bi ton ny ta c tit din khng u, ta thc hin theo cc bc sau: o Khai bo 2 loi tit din nh hnh u bi, tit din ch I: vo Define/Section Properties/ Frame Sections chn Add New Property, chn tit din ch I, sa tn tit din l I30, nhp cc thng s nh sau: t3 - chiu cao ngoi tit din: 0.3, t2 - chiu rng cnh trn: 0.2, tf - chiu dy cnh trn: 0.015, tw - chiu dy ca sn: 0.015, t2b - chiu rng cnh di: 0.2, tfb - chiu dy cnh di: 0.015. o Tng t khai bo cho tit din I50. o Khai bo tit din khng u: Vo Define/ Section Properties/Frame Sections chn Add New Property, trong hp th xung chn Other, chn Add Nonprismatic sa tn tit din l 30-50, Start Section ta chn tit din I30, End Section ta chn tit din I50, Length l chiu di on chia c tit din thay i, Linear thay i dng tuyn tnh (theo phng 33 v 2-2), chn xong ta click vo hp Modify, ta c nh hnh di:

Gn tit din cho khung: chn thanh tt c ct v dm gn tit din 30-50, vy ct tri v dm phi l ng u, cn dm tri v ct phi cha ng, ta s o u 2 thanh ny bng cch: chn thanh (dm tri, ct phi), vo menu Assign/Frames.../Reverse Connectivity.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 32

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Vo Define/ Load Cases : cho h s trng lng bn thn (sefl weight) = 1 (gi nguyn mc nh). Gn ti trng ln khung, nh lm cc bi trc. Chy chng trnh. Xem kt qu ni lc, chn Moment 3-3.

Vn c lin quan: To ct c vai c kch thc nh hnh bn Vo khai bo tit din khng u nh trn (Non Prismatic), gn vo nh hnh di, vi kiu Length Type l Absolute v chiu di trong Length l kch thc tht (gi tr tuyt i):
300

300
500 300

To 3 loi tit din: 25x50, 25x110, 25x30.

300

500

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 33

250

6000

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp BT1 Cho h dm ghp nh hnh trn, nhp gia c khp 2 u chu ti phn b u. Cho trng lng bn thn = 0, khng quan tm n tit din .
2000 kG/m

4000

2000

4000

2000

4000

Moment dm trng hp c khp

Moment dm trng hp khng c khp BT2 Cho khung c thanh cng nh hnh di, s dng vt liu l CONC (btng), tit din thay i (xem hnh), h s selfweight=1.1 (thanh cng khng tnh trng lng bn thn v khng cn khai bo tit din); gii li vi trng hp khng c thanh cng.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 34

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

C thanh cng

Khng c thanh cng

BT3 Cho h dm ghp, cho trng lng bn thn = 0, khng quan tm n tit din.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 35

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 8: Gii khung khng gian nh hnh. Chiu cao ct tng trt l 5m, tng lu l 3,6m. Tit din ct l 20x20cm, tit din dm nhp 6m l 20x60, nhp 4m l 20x40. Btng ct l B20, dm, sn l B15. Tnh ti gm trng lng bn thn v ti trng tng, tng tc dng ln dm tng lu l 650 kG/m, tng tc dng ln dm tng mi (ch cc dm chu vi cng trnh) l 180 kG/m. Hot ti tc dng ln sn tng lu l 440 kG/m2, sn tng mi l 150 kG/m 2. Hot ti gi : thnh phn gi y l 200kG/m v thnh phn gi ht l 150kG/m.

4m
4m

2m

4m

4m

4m

MB lu MB mi khng c dm ph

MP Khung Y-Z

MP Khung X-Z

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 36

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

To dng hnh hc: Chn n v s dng l kgf, m, C, chn t th vin mu kiu khung khng gian (3D Frames) v nhp cc thng s: Number of Stories (s tng) : 2 Number of Bays, X (s nhp phng X) : 2 Number of Bays, Y (s nhp phng Y) : 3 Story Height (chiu cao tng) : 3 Bay Width, X (chiu rng nhp phng X): 6 Bay Width, Y (chiu rng nhp phng Y): 4 Click vo Edit Grid sa li nh sau: Li A=0, B=6, C=10; Li 1=0, 2=4, 3=8, 4=12; Li z1=0, z2=5, z3=8.6. OK. Ta nn gi 2 ca s mn hnh d thao tc. To iu kin bin (ngm chn ct): vo mp X-Y dng nt xung di chn ct, chn tt c cc nt chn ct, gn ngm. To thm dm ph c nh hnh ca u bi. V tm shell: c th to nhanh tm bng cch click vo ri nhp chut vo khong gia li to thnh tm, nhng tm sn khng nm gia li ta to bng cch chn ri click vo 2 gc cho cn to tm sn. di chuyn mp

t tn v gn tit din: i vi thanh (ct, dm) lm nh cc bi tp trc. t tn v gn chiu dy cho tm shell: vo menu Define/Section Properties/ Area Sections, click vo Modify/Show Section hp bn hin ra, ta t tn cho tm l San8, nhp vo nh hnh; Gn tit din cho tm bng cch chn tt c tm (hoc chn All), click chn , chn San8, OK.

t tn cc trng hp ti gm: DEAD, HT, GX, GX1, GY, GY1; trong trng hp DEAD cho h s Self Weight =1,1. T hp ti: ta t cc trng hp t hp sau: TH1=DEAD+HT TH2=DEAD+GX TH3=DEAD+GX1

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 37

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

TH4=DEAD+GY TH5=DEAD+GY1 TH6=DEAD+0,9HT+0,9GX TH7=DEAD+0,9HT+0,9GX1 TH8=DEAD+0,9HT+0,9GY. TH9=DEAD+0,9HT+0,9GY1 BAO=ENVE (TH1. . . . . .TH9) Gn ti: Trng hp tnh ti (DEAD) c trng lng bn thn do chng trnh t tnh, ta ch nhp thm ti tng tc dng ln cc thanh dm, gi tr l 650kG/m cho tng lu v 180kG/m cho tng mi (cc dm chu vi) xem hnh di.

Tnh ti tng tc dng ln dm Trng hp hot ti (HT) ta nhp vo tm shell gi tr l 440kG/m2 cho sn tng lu, v 150 kG/m2 cho sn tng mi. Thc hin nh sau: chn cc tm sn tng lu click chn (hoc vo menu Assign/ Area Loads/ Uniform) nhp vo Load gi tr l 440, tng t nhp ti cho sn tng mi xem hnh di. Trng hp gi ta c : gi theo phng X v X1 theo hng ngc nhau, tng t theo phng Y v Y1. Gi tr ti gi l 200kG/m cho thnh phn y, 150kG/m cho thnh phn ht. Ch ta ch nhp gi vo cc thanh bin theo tng hng xem hnh.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 38

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Hot ti sn

Gi tri (GX)

Gi phi (GX1)

Gi trc (GY)
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

Gi sau (GY1)
trang 39

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Chia cc tm sn: Ta phi chia tm sn ra thnh nhng nh vic truyn ti sn vo dm c chnh xc, ta chia sao cho s chia theo mi cnh phi 3; mi on c k.thc 1m. C th ta chia nh sau: Cc tng mi cnh 4m ta chia thnh 4, cnh 6m ta chia thnh 6 on. Cc tng lu : cnh 4m cng chia thnh 4, cnh 2m c th chia thnh 3 on. Chn sn cn chia, vo menu Edit/ Edit Areas/Divide Areas trong hp thoi hin ra nhp vo hp Along edge from Point 1 to 2: 6; Along edge from Point 1 to 3: 4 Sau khi chia sn ta c nh hnh di.

Sn tng lu

Sn tng mi

Chy chng trnh: xem kt qu, ch ct c moment c 2 phng 2-2 v 3-3.

Moment 3-3( tr.hp BAO) Mp X-Z Khung gia

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 40

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Moment 3-3( tr.hp BAO)

Ch : Khi thao tc vi kt cu khng gian cn dng n mt s chc nng tr gip hin th hu ch sau: Hin th 3D: vo menu View/ Set 3D view (Shift F3) xoay khung nhn trong khng gian 3D, hoc click vo biu tng trn mn hnh. pha trn ri click gi v r chut

Gii hn khung nhn: i khi hnh dng ton b kt cu qu phc tp, nhng ta mun nhn mt gc no ca kt cu, ta vo menu View/ Set Limits nh to ca vng mun thy vo cc Set X Axis Limits Nhn dng phi cnh ca kt cu: hin th kt cu dng 2D (mp XY, XZ, hay YZ), click vo biu tng ta s thy hnh dng kt cu theo kiu hnh phi cnh chnh din, vi chc nng ny ta d dng chn cng lc nhiu i tng trong kt cu. Cho hin th hoc khng hin th tm sn: i khi cc tm sn che khut cc thanh lm cho ta kh thao tc v kh thy, ta c th khng cho hin th tm sn bng cch click vo biu tng ri click chn Not in view trong mc Areas.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 41

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 9a : Gii kt cu cu thang phng dng bn chu lc, kiu 2 v gp khc song song, c cc thng s nh hnh v di:
cot dam khung

chieu ngh

cot
chieu i (en) chieu ngh

chieu en

ve 1

1000

500

ve 2

ve 2
2500

1000

dam ch.en ve 1 dam ch.ngh

1,800

1000

1500

o Chiu dy bn sn l 10cm, dng btng B20 cho c dm v sn. o Tnh ti sn chng trnh t tnh, hot ti sn l 400kG/m2. Tnh ti tng tc dng ln dm chiu ngh v chiu n l 300 kG/m. o Dm chiu ngh v chiu n (ni gia 2 ct) c tit din 20x30cm, dm khung tit din 20x40cm, ct tit din 20x20cm. THC HIN THEO CC BC SAU: To m hnh kt cu: ly t th vin mu dng cu thang (StairCases), trong hp thoi hin ra chn Staircase Type (gc tri bn trn hp thoi) l: Staircase Type 2, nhp cc thng s nh hnh di:

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

3,600

trang 42

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

o Number of Stories - s tng : 2. o Story Height - chiu cao tng : 3.6. o Left Level Width, -X:b rng chiu ngh tri (chiu n theo u bi): 1. o Right Level Width,+X:b rng chiu ngh phi (chiu ngh theo u bi): 1.5. o Stair Projected Length - chiu di v thang : 2.5. o Opening Btw. Stairs - khong h gia 2 v thang: 0.5. o Stair Width 1, -Y - chiu rng v thang 1: 1. o Stair Width 2, +Y - chiu rng v thang 2: 1. o Max Mesh Spacing - mt li ti a: 0.5. o Click b Restraints, Ok. V thm cc thanh ct, dm, gn ngm chn ct, thm dm v gi chn v thang di cng, ta c m hnh nh hnh di. t thuc tnh vt liu (btng B20). t tit din dm, sn, ct, gn tit din. Tnh ti v hot ti nhp chung nn ta khng cn khai bo thm trng hp ti, sa h s SelfWeight = 1.1. Gn ti vo sn, dm. Chy chng trnh, xem kt qu moment (M3-3) trn dm chiu ngh. Ch : hin th chnh xc kt qu trn tm shell cn xem li trc to a phng ca cc tm shell (chiu ngh, chiu n, v thang) c cng chiu hay khng (bng cch chn All ri click vo , hoc vo menu Assign/ Area/ Local Axis), nu khng cng chiu phi quay h to li (bng cch nhp gc xoay vo bng hin ra).

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 43

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 9b : Gii kt cu cu thang xon bn nguyt (gii dng thanh xon) c bn knh l 2m, chiu cao tng l 3.3m, chia thnh 20 bc, chu ti phn b 1000kG/m. To dng kt cu: o Chn New Modal, chn Grid Only, chn hp Cylindrical bng di hin ra, nhp cc thng s nh hnh di.

To nt ny

o Number of Grid Lines: s li theo cc hng. o Along Radius: s li theo hng bn knh. o Along Theta: s li theo hng gc. o Along Z: s li theo hng Z. o Grid Spacing: khong cch mt li theo cc hng tng ng. To mt nt chn thang, chn nt va to, vo menu Edit/ Extrude/ Extrude Points to Frames click chn Radial, trong hp thoi hin ra chn trc quay bng cch click chn nt Z trong mc Rotate About Axis, nhp cc thng s nh hnh bn. To iu kin bin: chn 2 nt trn v di gn l ngm. nh ngha v gn cc thuc tnh vt liu, tit din (dm c tit din 25x60cm), chn All ri gn tit din cho cu kin (bc ny khng lm vn cho kt qu ng).
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 44

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Hiu chnh trng lng bn thn dm : trong menu Define/Load Patterns cho Self Weight = 0. Gn ti trng cho dm: chn All gn ti ln thanh l 1000kG/m. Chy chng trnh v xem kt qu.

Moment 3-3 (moment un) Hng nhn t-Z, ri click vo biu tng .

Moment 2-2 Hng nhn r-t, ri click vo biu tng .

Bi tp t lm: 1. To mt thanh xon c gc xon l 210o, chiu cao 4m, bn knh 3m (cng chia thnh 20 on), ti tc dng l 800kG/m, k c trng lng bn thn (Self Weight = 0). Moment xon (Torsion) Hng nhn t-z, ri click vo biu tng .

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 45

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

2. To mt thanh xon c gc xon l 270o, chiu cao 4m, bn knh 4m (chia thnh 15 on, ti tc dng l 800kG/m, k c trng lng bn thn (Self Weight = 0). 3 on gia dm nm ngang (chiu ngh).

Moment un (M3-3)

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 46

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 9c : Gii kt cu cu thang xon bn nguyt (gii dng bn xon) nh hnh. Bn c b rng 1m, bn knh trong 2m, BK ngoi 3m, ch.cao tng 3.3m, gc xon 180o.

To dng kt cu. Chn New Model chn hp Cylindrical bng bn hin ra, nhp cc thng s nh hnh bn ( ging gii BT9b). V 1 thanh nh hnh a, chn thanh va to, vo menu Edit/ Extrude/ Extrude Lines to Areas click chn Radial nhp nh hnh b.

Hnh a

V thanh ny

To thm thanh im n ca thang, to iu kin bin cho kt cu l ngm 2 nt trn v 2 nt di.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 47

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012) Hnh b

t thuc tnh cho shell: nh lm cho bi ton khng gian c tm shell (BT8), t tn shell l SAN12, chiu dy tm l 12cm. Gn thuc tnh tit din cho tm shell. iu chnh li h s Self Weight = 0. Nhp ti cho tm shell (tng ti) = 600kG/m2. Chy chng trnh v xem kt qu: kt qu ni lc trn tm biu din di dng mu nh hnh di.

Moment Mmax

Lc ct Vmax

Cch khc to m hnh cu thang xon: ly t th vin mu hnh cu thang, kiu (Staircase Type): Spiral Staircase, nhp cc thng s nh hnh di:

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 48

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

o Start Angel, T1 gc bt u : 0 (). o End Angel, T2 gc kt thc : 180 (). o Num of Divisions, Angular - S on chia, theo phng gc: 20. o Num of Divisions, Radial - S on chia, theo phng bnh knh: 4. o Inner Radius bn knh trong: 2. o Outer Radius bn knh ngoi: 3. o Total Height tng chiu cao: 3.3. Nhp cc thng s nh lm trn, chy chng trnh xem th vi vic chia tm theo phng ngang v khng chia nh trn kt qu c sai khc? Thng thng khi gii cu thang xon ta ch nn gii dng thanh (BT9b), ly moment tnh thp (ch yu theo phng di), cn chy m hnh khng gian dng bn xon ch yu thy c s lm vic ca kt cu nh th no phc v vic b tr thp.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 49

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 10 : Gii kt cu h nc, c cc thng s nh hnh v di:

ban nap

cot

ban thanh ban ay

cot

dam ay
6000

o Chiu di 6m, ngang 4m, cao (cha nc) 1.5m, c ct , dm bao quanh. o Chiu dy bn y l 12cm, bn np l 8cm, bn thnh l 10cm, dng btng B20 cho c dm v bn. o Dm y xung quanh l 20x40cm, dm gia bn y v dm np 20x30, ct 20x20. o Tnh ti bn chng trnh t tnh, hot ti l p lc nc, tc dng ln bn y 1.5m *1000kG/m3 = 1500kG/m2, tc dng ln bn thnh theo hnh tam gic t trong ra. Hot ti tc dng ln bn np l 150kG/m2. THC HIN THEO CC BC SAU: To m hnh kt cu: chn Grid Only, nhp cc thng s nh hnh bn ( lm cc bi trc): V thm cc thanh ct, dm xung quanh, dm gia bn y, bn y, bn thnh, bn np; gn ngm 4 chn ct. t thuc tnh vt liu (btng B20). t tit din dm, ct, bn thnh, bn np, bn y, gn tit din ct, dm, bn. Tnh ti v hot ti nhp chung nn ta khng cn khai bo thm trng hp ti, sa h s SelfWeight = 1.1. Gn ti vo bn y (1500), bn np (150). Chia 2 bn y : 1 cnh chia thnh 6 (cnh 3m), 1 cnh chia thnh 8 (cnh 4m); chia bn np: 1 cnh chia thnh 12 (cnh 6m), 1 cnh chia thnh 8 (cnh 4m). T tng nh th ta chia bn thnh h nc thnh cc nh mi kch thc 0.5x0.5m (chia cng nh cng chnh xc-c th chia vi kch thc 0.2m cho 1 i vi bi ny). Ti p lc nc tc dng vo bn thnh dng phn b tam gic nn ta nhp dng Pattern nh sau:
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 50

1500

dam nap

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

o Vo Define/ Joint Patterns sa li tn Pattern l APLUCNUOC. o Chn tt c cc tm, k c nt (c th chn All), vo Assign/ Joint Pattern nhp cc thng s nh hnh bn: o Gii thch cc thng s nh sau: gi tr tung ca lc s bin thin theo cc hng X, Y, Z nn trong phng trnh biu din gi tr p lc c c 3 yu t X, Y, Z. Trong trng hp ny ta thy p lc nc ch bin thin theo phng Z nn cc yu t cn li (X, Y) khng quan tm (bng 0), phng trnh cn li l V = Cz + D; ta ch cc iu kin bin nh sau: Nu Z=0 th V=1.5D = 1.5, Nu Z=1.5 th V=0 C = -1. o Nhp ti p lc nc theo nguyn tc nh sau: Ti nc tc dng t trong y ra, tc dng vo mt 5 hoc mt 6 ca tm thnh (cn xc nh mt bn trong l mt 5(mu ) hay 6 (mu vng)bng cch chn icon , chn Fill Objects trong hp General s thy cc tm hin th bng mu). Nhp ti bng cch chn tm thnh (k c nt), vo menu Assign/Area Loads/Surface Pressure, nu ti tc dng theo hng i ra khi mt no th ti l dng, nh hnh bn l trng hp tm thnh ta chn c mt 5 l mt ngoi, vy ta s chn hp Face l 5, nhp gi tr l dng, ta ang s dng n v kgf nn nhp vo Multiplier gi tr l 1000. Chy chng trnh, xem kt qu (M3-3) trn dm y h nc (dm 6m). M1-1, M2-2 trn cc tm shell.
M3-3 cc dm, ct Ch : hin th chnh xc kt qu trn tm shell cn xem li trc to a phng ca cc tm shell (c bit l tm thnh). Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 51

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 11: Gii dm trn nn n hi (mng mm)

30T 1,5T.m 80T 2T.m 50T 5T.m K=300T/m3 1000 3500 4000 1000

DAM CO TIET DIEN EU 30x60cm

Chn t th vin mu kiu dm, c s nhp l 1, chiu di nhp l 9.5m. Chn n v s dng: Ton.m.C. Click b chn Restraints. Ok. Chia nh dm thnh tng on 0.5m, bng cch vo lnh Edit/Edite Lines/Divide Frames, chn s on chia l 19 (Divide into), h s l 1 (Last/First Ratio). nh ngha vt liu: trng lng ring l 2,5T/m3, BT B25 Eb= 3,0*106 T/m2. nh ngha tit din. i vi dng bi ton ny cc thng s v c trng vt liu v tit din l rt quan trng v s nh hng n kt qu. nh ngha ti trng, sa Selfweight = 1,1. Gn tit din, gn ti trng ng v tr nh u bi. Gn lin kt l xo: chn tt c (All), vo lnh Assign/Joint/Springs gn nh hnh bn, h s k ( cng ca l xo) l 300T/m3, theo phng 3 (phng ng). C th cn nhp thm h s k cho phng
1 v 2 !!!!

Chy chng trnh, xem moment 3-3, nh hnh di.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 52

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp t lm: Gii khung 2 tng (mi tng cao 4m), 2 nhp (nhp 6m v nhp 2m), chu ti phn b u l 1000kG/m (tc dng ln cc thanh dm), lin kt vi nn l lin kt n hi (l xo) c cng l k = 500T/m3. Tit din dm l 20x50 (nhp 6m) v 20x30 (nhp 2m), tit din ct l 20x20cm, btng B20 cho c dm, ct ( chng tnh t ng tnh trng lng bn thn h s SelfWeight = 1,1).

Moment M3-3, lin kt n hi (n v T, m)

Moment M3-3, lin kt cng

Ta hy th thay i tit din dm, ct, cht ti mt bn.xem kt qu ca 2 trng hp trn thy c s ln ca mng s nh hng nh th no n kt cu bn trn.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 53

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 12: Gii cu thang c chiu ngh trn (nh hnh) Chiu dy sn l 10cm,
8 6

Dm chiu ngh (DCN), dm chiu i, n (DC) c tit din 20x40cm. Btng B20, hot ti l 400 kG/m2. THC HIN THEO CC BC SAU: To h li phng: chn n v s dng l kgf,m,C; Chn New model/ Grid only to 2 li theo phng X, 4 li theo phng Y, 3 li theo phng Z, sa li li A=0, B=3; 1=0, 2=1.5, 3=2, 4=3.5; z1=0, z2=1.8, z3=3.6, OK.

1500

DC

500

7 2 4

50 17
DCN DCN

1500

DC
1

3600

V 2 v thang: hin 2 ca s, 1 ca s 3D v 1 ca s X-Y; chn MP X-Y di chuyn li 3000 xung MP chn, to 2 nt 1, 2; chuyn li ln MP chiu ngh to 4 nt 3, 4, 5, 6; chuyn li ln MP trn cng to 2 nt 7, 8. Chn MP X-Y, click vo hnh mt knh, to tm trn 4 nt 1, 2, 3, 4 v 5, 6, 7, 8 (c th v v thang trn ca s 3D m khng cn to trc cc nt nhng c th d click nhm mt li). V cc thanh chiu n, thanh chiu ngh thng v bng cch click t nt 3 n nt 6, sau chia thanh ny thnh 6 on bng nhau. To phn chiu ngh: chn 3 thanh nh hnh bn, vo lnh Edit/ Extrude/ Extrude Lines to Areas click vo hp Radial, nhp cc thng s nh hnh di.
chn cc thanh ny to tm

Tm chiu ngh sau khi to bng lnh Edit/Extrude

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 54

1800

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

V thanh dm chiu ngh cong theo chu vi tm bn nguyt. nh ngha vt liu btng B20. nh ngha tit din tm, thanh. Gn tit din. Gn gi ta cc nt 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8. Chnh li h s Self Weight = 1,1. Gn ti cho tm = 400. Chia tm v thang thnh 3 phn theo chiu ngang v 6 phn theo chiu di. Chy chng trnh. Xem moment M 3-3 v Torsion (moment xon) ca chiu ngh.

M 3-3

Bi tp t lm: Gii khung khng gian c ban cng trn, 3 tng, tng trt cao 4m, 2 tng lu cao 3.5m; 1 nhp theo phng X di 4.5m, tit din dm 20x50, 2 nhp theo phng Y di 4m, tit din dm 20x40; ban cng c bn knh 1.5m, tit din dm 20x30; tit din ct 20x20, sn dy 8cm (k c sn ban cng). Ti trng tc dng ln sn gm tnh ti (chng trnh t ng tnh, h s selfWeight = 1.1), hot ti 400 kG/m 2, ti tng tc dng ln tt c dm tng lu l 650 kG/m, cc dm theo chu vi tng mi l 150 kG/m. Gp tt c ti gii chung. Btng s dng loi B20. Mt s Ch : sn tng chia thnh cc nh (0.5x0.5m). Ban cng chia theo phng gc lm 10 phn.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 55

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Ti tng tc dng trn dm

Moment M3-3 Khung c ban cng

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 56

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bi tp 13: Tnh thp nc btng ct thp. Chiu cao chn thp 9m (chia lm 3 on), c 6 chn ct, dm ging cho v ging xung quanh (nh hnh bn). Chiu cao b cha : 2,5m; ng knh b (thp) : 3m. Dm, ct tit din 20x30cm; sn, tm thnh dy 15cm. Btng B20. Ti gi tc dng vo u ct = 1T (y) v 0,8T (ht). To dng kt cu: chn n v s dng l kgf,m,C; ly t th vin mu kiu Shell, nhp cc thng s : o o o o o Cylinder Height - chiu cao tr : 9 (m) Num. of Divisions, Z - s on chia theo phng Z: 3, Radius bn knh tr: 1.5, Num. of Divisions, Angular : 18. Click b chn Restraints.

Xo phn tm thnh (hoc UNDO). V thanh ct, dm, ging. nh ngha vt liu btng B20. nh ngha tit din tm, thanh. Gn tit din. Gn ngm cc nt chn ct. Chnh li h s Self Weight = 1,1. Gn ti cho tm = 2500kG/m2. Xoay tit din ct cho ng chiu, sau khi ta v cc ct th tit din c v tr nh hnh (a), ta phi quay trc to a phng ca cc ct 2, 3, 5, 6 c nh hnh (b), ta chn cc ct 2, 5, vo Assign/ Frame/Local Axes nhp vo gc xoay l 60o, tng t nh th ta chn cc ct 3,6 nhp vo gc xoay -60o. Ghp thm phn b cha cao 2,5m: Vo menu Edit/ Add to Model from Template click chn Shell, nhp cc thng s nh sau: o o o o o o Cylinder Height : 2.5, Num. of Divisions, Z : 4, Radius : 1.5, Num. of Divisions, Angular : 18. Click b chn Restraints. Click chn Locate Origin, trong hp thoi hin ra click chn 3D, nhp cc thng s trong hp Origin Location nh sau: Global X = 0, Global Y = 0, Global Z = 9. OK, OK.
trang 57

2 Hnh (a) 1

3 4

2 Hnh (b) 1

3 4

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Ta c thm phn thn b cha. To phn y b nh to chiu ngh trn trong bi 12. Gn p lc nc tc dng trong b dng Pattern nh lm bi tp 10 Nhp ti gi vo u ct: chn cc nt nh ct theo phng (-X) gn lc y = 1000kG, chn cc nt nh ct theo phng (+X) nhp lc ht 800kG. Chy chng trnh, xem ni lc moment M 3-3 ca khung trn mt phng X-Z (n v : T.m)
to hnh dng thp nc nh trn, ngoi cch hng dn, cn nhiu cch khc c th thc hin nhanh hn, s c hng dn trn lp.

Bi tp 14: Design (thit k BTCT v Kt cu thp) cc cu kin. Chng trnh Sap2000 cho php thit k kt cu BTCT theo cc tiu chun ACI318-99 (ca M), BS 8110-89 (Anh), Europe Code 2 - 1992 (ca Cng ng Chu Au).. . . .nhng khng c tiu chun Vit Nam. Nn ta thng ch ly gi tr ni lc sau tnh thp bng cc phn mm khc (Excel chng hn). Nu ta thit k theo tiu chun ACI ca M th gi tr tit din ct thp c c thng ln hn t 1,0 - 1,2 ln cho dm v 1,2-1,5 (cho ct). C mt s sch tc gi nghin cu nhn cc h s cho t hp ti trng c s tng quan gia tiu chun Vit Nam v cc tiu chun khc, nhng nhn chung cng cn mang tnh cc b. Ni chung ta cng c th s dng cc tiu chun ny cho vic thit k thp (bng cch nhn h s cho t hp), nhng khng mang tnh php l cao!!!! Trong bi ton thit k thp, ngoi nhng bc ta thc hin trong nhng bi tp trc, cn cn khai bo thm mt s vn sau (c th thc hin trc hoc sau cng c): A. THIT K BTNG CT THP. Ly bi tp 6 (khung phng) lm v d Khai bo vt liu: trc ht nn chn n v s dng li l kgf,cm,C, vo menu Define/Material, chn vt liu btng B15, click chn Modify/ Show Material, ngoi nhng thng s ta khai bo trong trong bi 6, ta cn khai bo thm thng s Specified Concrete Compressive Strength (fc) cng ca btng (khi lng tr): 150kgf/cm2 (B15 tng ng mc btng 200, c cng lng tr l
Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT
trang 58

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

150kgf/cm2), cn tham kho thm tiu chun ACI hiu r hn v cch tnh ton, ni chung s khc bit so vi TCVN l kh ln. Khai bo t trng tit din: vo menu Define/Section Properties/ Frame Sections, ngoi vic khai bo tit din cho thanh ta cn click vo hp Concrete Reinforcement (bn di) khai bo thanh l ct (Column) hay dm (Beam), bng cch click vo tng ng (hnh di): i vi ct (mc Design Type chn Column): Mc Reinforcement Configuration : nh dng tit din Rectangular : tit din ch nht. Circular : tit din trn. Mc Confinement Bars: dng ct ngang Tie : dng thanh. Spiral : dng xon l xo. Mc Longitudinal Bars Rectangular Configuration : Cc thng s th.k khc Clear Cover for Confinement Bars (lp bo v ct ngang): 1.5 (cm) Number of 3-dir Face (s thanh thp theo hng trc 3): 3 Number of 2-dir Face (s thanh thp theo hng trc 2): 3 Longitudinal Bar size : c thp dc (theo phn loi ca M - xem thm). Mc Confinement Bars : thng s v ct ngang Confinement Bar size : c ct ngang Longitudinal spacing of Confinement Bar : khong cch gia cc ct ngang Number of Confinement Bars in 3-Dir: s ct ngang theo phng 3 Number of Confinement Bars in 2-Dir: s ct ngang theo phng 2 Mc Check / Design : dng bi ton Reinforcement to be Checked :bi ton kim tra. Reinforcement to be Designed :bi ton thit k (chn). i vi dm ((mc Design Type chn Beam)): Concrete Cover to Longitudinal Rebar Center (lp bo v cho ct thp): Top : lp thp trn. Bottom : lp thp di. Reinforcement Overrides for Ductile Beams: din tch thp cn tng cng cho hai u dm (Left - Right) trn v di gi (Top - Bottom), nu l 0 th chng trnh t phn tch. Ta phi khai bo cho tt c cc tit din nh ngha.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 59

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Khai bo tiu chun thit k: vo menu Design /Concrete Frame Design /View/Revise Preferences, chn tiu chun thit k l ACI 318-05, nu thay i tiu chun ta click vo c ch ACI 318 05 trong bng lit k ta chn tiu chun cn chn. Cc thng s khc nn mc nh. Ta c th nh ngha thm loi ng knh thp bng cch vo Define /Section Properties/ Reinforcement Bar Sizes, nhp cc thng s, OK. Chy chng trnh phn tch ni lc. Chn cc t hp dng thit k thp: vo menu Design / Concrete Frame Design / Select Design Combos click chn cc t hp dng thit k bn hp List of Load Combinations nhp nt Add chuyn vo hp Design Load Combinations, nu b lc no bn hp Design Load Combinations th chn lc ri nhp Remove. Mun xem kiu t hp th nhp vo Show. Chy thit k thp: vo menu Design/Concrete Frame Design /Star Design/Check of Structure, chng trnh chy tnh ton thp, xem kt qu nn chuyn n v thnh Kgf,cm,C, v n v m gi tr hin th qu nh chng trnh s cho l gi tr 0. Nhn xt: ta thy rng kt qu tnh thp i vi dm l tng i ging vi TCVN 356, nhng i vi ct th ch mt vi thanh trn c tnh, cn cc thanh di hin O/S tc l tit din cha hp l (nh), cc thanh c mu hoc mu cam chng t tit din khng hoc rt gn vi gii hn ph hoi.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 60

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

B. THIT K KT CU THP: (Ly bi tp 7a dn phng lm v d) Khai bo vt liu: vo menu Define/Material, chn vt liu A992Fy50 nhp vo hp Modify / show Material, ta c th i tn vt liu ny thnh Thep CI, cc thng s khc khng quan tm, ta ch cn nhp cng ca thp vo : Minimum Yield Stress (fy) c. chy do ca thp: 2000 kG/cm2; Minimum Tensile Stress (fu) c. chu ko cc hn (ph hoi): 3200 kG/cm2. Effective Yield Stress (fye) c. chy do hu hiu ca thp: 2200 kG/cm2; Effective Tensile Stress (fue) c. chu ko cc hn hu hiu: 3600 kG/cm2. Khai bo tit din: chng trnh s phn tch theo kiu t chn tit din thch hp cho tng thanh theo ni lc tnh ton (kiu bi ton kim tra), ta phi thc hin cc bc sau: t cc tit din ta d nh s thit k cho dn, v d nh tit din thp gc (Angle hoc Double Angle): Vo Define/ Properties Section/Frame Sections chn Add New Property, chn hp Angle, nhp tn V8 v cc thng s tit din 80x80x8. Tng t ta nhp cc tit din V7 (70x70x7); V6 (60x60x6); V5 (50x50x5). . . . Cc loi tit din ny l tc gi t t, cn tm hiu thm v qui cch thp gc trn th trng. Chn Add New Property, chn Auto Select List trong hp thoi hin ra chn cc tit din va t Add vo hp Auto Selections, ta c nh hnh bn, OK. (ta c 1 tit din c tn l Auto1). Ta cng c th ly cc kiu tit din thp gc m chng trnh cho sn gn cho tit din Auto1 ny, nh sau: Vo Define/Section Properties/ Frame Sections / Import New Property chn Angle, chn file Sections.pro (hnh di). Chn cc dng tit din mong mun, OK.

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 61

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Bc cn li lm nh phn to tit din Auto1. Gn tit din Auto1 cho tt c cc thanh dn: chn All ri gn cho Auto1. Chy chng trnh. Chy thit k thp: vo menu Design / Steel Frame Design / Star Design/ Check of Structure, xem kt qu thit k. Bi tp 15: Xut v c kt qu. Ly bi tp 8 lm v d, ngoi vic c kt qu trn biu ta cn cn c s liu ni lc, c bit l cho ct phc v cho vic tnh ct thp bng cc phn mm khc, ta thc hin nh sau, sau khi chy chng trnh: Chn cc thanh ct cn xut kt qu, c th chn theo cch vo Select/ Select/ Properties/Frame Sections chn cc tit din ta gn cho ct. Vo menu Display/ Show Tables (hoc Shift F12) trong bng hin ra click vo du cng Element Output, tip tc click vo du cng Frame Output click chn Table: Element Forces Frames xut kt qu ni lc trn phn t (Element). Chn hp Select Load Patterns, click Clear All, OK. Trong hp Select Load Cases, chn cc COMB1 COMB9, ly kt qu ni lc ca trng hp t hp t 1 n 9, OK. Bng kt qu hin ra mn hnh, vo menu File/ Export Current Table/ to Excel ta thy kt qu ni lc c chuyn ra Excel. Vic xut biu ta c th in trc tip t SAP, bng cch cho hin th biu cn in, vo menu File/ Print Graphics (khng cn i mu nn), nhng trc phi hiu chnh my in v kh giy trc (vo File/ Print Setup for Graphics).

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 62

Thc hnh SAP 2000 V14 (chnh sa 2012)

Nu ta in nh trn th mi biu c in trn 1 t giy, ta c th chp hnh biu v Insert vo Word, nhng trc ht phi i mu nn , bng cch vo menu Option/ Colors/ Display, i mu nn (Background) thnh mu trng, cc mu khc thnh mu en, vo hp Output i cc mu hin th biu thnh mu en. Chp nh bng nt Print Screen trn bn phm, c th Paste trc tip vo Word ri Drop li hoc Paste vo tin ch v Paint ca Window, ct biu , Copy v Paste vo Word.

Nt (i mu en) Thanh (i mu en)

L.kt bin (i mu en) Trc to (i mu en) Ch s (i mu en)

Mn hnh nn (i mu trng)

(i mu en)

Bin son: H Ngc Tri Tn BM. KTXD K.CN HCT

trang 63