Phn tch huyt

Mc tiu
Nu c nguyn tc m hng cu,
bch cu, tiu cu v phn loi bch cu
ca my o huyt t ng
Gii thch c ngha ca 10 thng s
chnh ca huyt
Phn tch c 4 huyt

Huyt
Xt nghim thng tin v cc t bo mu
X dng ch yu pht hin tnh
trng thiu mu, nhim trng, ung th
v xut huyt

10 thng s chnh
1.

S lng hng cu (M/L)

2.

Nng hemoglobin (g/dL)

3.

Dung tch hng cu (%)

4.

Th tch trung bnh ca hng cu (fL)

5.

Lng hemoglobin trung bnh trong mt hng cu (pg)

6.

Nng hemoglobin trung bnh trong mt hng cu (g/dL)

7.

Phn b th tch hng cu %

8.

S lng tiu cu (K/ L)

9.

S lng bch cu ((K/ L)

10.Phn

loi bch cu (%)

Nguyn tc Coulter
Cho 1 dng in i qua 2 in
cc t trong 2 ngn cha mt
dung dch mui, phn cch bi mt
khe nh ( 100 m)
Khi mt t bo i qua khe n lm
dch chuyn mt lng dung dch
mui tng ng vi kch thc t
bo, lm ngt qung dng in
(tng in tr), to ra 1 xung in
S lng v bin cc xung
in cho bit s lng v kch
thc t bo

Nguyn tc m t bo mu

m HC, TC

Mu c pha long vi mt dung dch ng

trng
HC, TC c cho i qua khe c ng knh 7- 8
m

m BC

Mu c pha long vi mt dung dch cha axt

lm v HC
BC c cho i qua khe c ng knh 100 m

Nguyn tc phn loi

bch cu
BC c cho i hng mt ngang qua mt
chm tia laser
S tn x thay i theo c tnh ca BC
u d thng tin v s tn x gip phn
bit gia BC ht, n nhn v lymph

1. S lng hng cu (RBC)

ngha

Gii hn
bnh thng

HC cha Hb c vai tr chuyn

ch oxy. Lng oxy cung cp
thay i theo s lng HC
Nam: 4,7-6,1 M/L
N : 4,2-5,4 M/L
Thiu mu (thiu st, B12, axt
folic; tiu huyt; suy ty)
a hng cu, mt nc (tiu
chy, phng)

M (mega)= 106; (micro)=10-6

Bnh thng

Thiu mu do thiu st

a hng cu

2. Nng hemoglobin
trong mu (HGB)
ngha

Gii hn
bnh thng

Nng Hb trong mt th tch

mu
nh ngha thiu mu: HGB
Nam: 14-18 g/dL
N : 12-16g/dL
Thiu mu

3. Dung tch hng cu (HCT)

nh ngha

Gii hn
bnh thng

Th tch chim bi hng cu

trong 1 th tch mu

Nam: 42% - 52%

N : 37% - 47%
Thiu mu
a hng cu, mt nc

4. Th tch trung bnh ca HC (MCV)

ngha

Gii hn BT

(HCT/RBC) x10
Phn bit nguyn nhn thiu
mu
80 - 94 fL
Thiu mu HC nh (thiu st;
thalassemia)
Thiu mu HC to (thiu B12, axt
folic)

BT

Thiu mu HC bnh th tch(

sn xut do ung th, suy ty; tn
huyt; xut huyt)

4. MCV (tt)

Thiu mu
HC nh do
thiu st

Bnh thng

Thiu mu HC
to do thiu B12

Bnh thng

5. Lng Hb trung bnh trong HC (MCH)

ngha

Gii hn BT

(HGB/RBC) x10
khi sn xut Hb (HC nhc
sc)
Phn nh th tch HC nn trong
HC to v trong HC nh
27 31pg
Thiu mu HC nhc sc v/hoc
nh (thiu st; thalassemia)
Thiu mu HC to (thiu B12;, axt
folic)

(pico = 10-12)

6. Nng Hb trung bnh trong HC (MCHC)

ngha

Gii hn BT

(HGB/HCT) x 100
Nng Hb trung bnh trong mt th
tch HC
33 37 g/dL
Thiu mu HC nh nhc sc (thiu
st; thalassemia)
Thiu mu HC u sc (HC hnh cu)

BT

Thiu mu HC to bnh sc (thiu B12;,

axt folic)

. MCH v MCHC

Thiu mu hng cu
nhc sc do thiu st

HC hnh cu u sc

7.Phn b th tch HC (RDW)

ngha

(SD/MCV) x 100
Kho st s bin thin ca th tch
HC
Phn bit gia thiu mu do thiu
st v thalassemia
Gii hn BT 11,5% - 14,5%
Thiu mu kch thc HC khng u
(do thiu st)

7.Phn b th tch HC (RDW)

RDW trong thiu

mu do thiu st

RDW khng trong

thalassemia

8. S lng bch cu (WBC)

ngha

Gii hn BT

BC chng li s xm nhp ca vt
l (vi trng, siu vi, k sinh
trng)
5,2 12,4 K/L
Nhim trng, d ng, vim, tn
thng m, ung th, bnh bch
cu
Nhim trng nng, AIDS, suy ty,
iu tr ung th, thiu vitamin

K (kilo) = 103

8. WBC (tt)

S lng BC lymph
bnh thng

S lng BC
lynmph tng cao
trong bnh bch cu
dng lymph

9. Phn loi bch cu

Bch cu
ht

Trung tnh
(NEUT)

S lng

1,9 8 K/L

T l

40-74%

Nhim trng,
vim, ung
th,stress

BC i toan
(EOS)

BC i kim
(BASO)

0 0,8 K/L 0-0,2 K/L

0-7%

D ng,
nhim k
sinh trng

0-1,5%

Nhim c

9. Phn loi bch cu (tt)

Bch cu
khng ht

n nhn (MONO)

Lymph (LYMPH)

S lng

0,16 - 1 K/L

0,9 - 5,2 K/L

3,4-9%

19-48%

T l

Nhim trng,
vim, ung th

Nhim siu vi

10. S lng tiu cu

(PLT)
ngha
Gii hn BT

Tiu cu c vai tr cm mu
130 - 400 K/L
Thiu mu, ct lch, tng
sinh ty
Xut huyt gim tiu cu,
lch to, ung th

Thc hnh
Phn tch chung 1 huyt
Mi nhm SV t phn tch 3 huyt
Trnh by v tho lun v kt qu
Phn hi

Trn Duy K., 16t, hc sinh, nh Q.8, nhp vin

v chng mt. T hm qua i tiu phn en 2
ln. Khng au bng, khng i.Tin cn b lot
t trng.

RBC
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

4,0
11,8
33,9
84,9
29,6
34,9
15%

(4,2 - 5,4)
(14 - 18)
(42 - 52)
(81 - 99)
(27 - 31)
(33 - 37)
(11,5 - 14,5)

M/L
g/dL
%
fL
pg
g/dL
%

BT
BT
BT
Hi

WBC
NEUT
LYMPH
MONO
EOS

BASO
PLT

18,5
15,3
82,6
1,83
9,89
1,34
7,24
0,014
0,07
0,026
0,14
231

(5,2 - 12,4)
(1,9 - 8)
(40 - 74)
(0,9 - 5,2)
(19 - 48)
(0,16 - 1)
(3,4 - 9)
(0-1,5)
(0 - 7)
(0 - 0,2)
(0 - 1,5)
(130 - 400)

K/L
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L

BT

BT

BT
BT

Nguyn Th Kim L., cng nhn, nh Q.7.Nhp

vin v st cao. St 40C 2 ngy nay, au vng
h sn phi. Tiu tiu bnh thng.

RBC
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

4,5
12,1
35,4
78,7
26,9
34,2
14,6

(4,2 - 5,4)
(12 - 16)
(37 - 47)
(81 - 99)
(27 - 31)
(33 - 37)
(11,5 - 14,5)

M/L
g/dL
%
fL
pg
g/dL
%

BT
BT

Hi
BT
Hi

WBC

21,5

(5,2 - 12,4)

K/L

NEUT

19,6
91,1
0,945
4,39
0,951
4,41
0,00
0,00
0,011
0,051
183

(1,9 - 8)
(40 - 74)
(0,9 - 5,2)
(19 - 48)
(0,16 - 1)
(3,4 - 9)
(0-1,5)
(0 - 7)
(0 - 0,2)
(0 - 1,5)
(130 - 400)

K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L

LYMPH
MONO
EOS
BASO
PLT

BT
BT
BT
BT
BT

Nguyn Thi. Minh T., 21t, bun bn, nh ng

Nai. Nhp vin v ni chm 2 chn. St 3
ngy, sau ht st nhng 4 ngy sau ni
chm hai chn.

RBC
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

4,73
13,8
39,9
89,3
29,1
34,6
14,4

(4,2-5,4)
(12-16)
(37-47)
(81-99)
(27-31)
(33-37)
(11,5-14,5)

M/L
g/dL
%
fL
pg
g/dL
%

BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT
BT

WBC

5,86

(5,2 - 12,4) K/L

BT

NEU

1,72
29,4
3,63
62
0,394
6,72
0,068
1,16
0,045
0,762
104

(1,9 - 8)
(40 - 74)
(0,9 - 5,2)
(19 - 48)
(0,16 - 1)
(3,4 - 9)
(0-1,5)
(0 - 7)
(0 - 0,2)
(0 - 1,5)
(130 - 400)

LYMPH
MONO

EOS
BASO
PLT

K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L

BT
BT

BT
BT

Mai Tuyt L., 59t, ni tr, nh Q.6. Nhp vin

v nhc u.Tin s b suy thn, ang chy thn
nhn to.

RBC
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

1,85
5,72
16,7
89,9
30,9
34,3
17,5

(4,2-5,4)
(12-16)
(37-47)
(81-99)
(27-31)
(33-37)
(11,5-14,5)

M/L
g/dL
%
fL
pg
g/dL
%

BT
BT
BT

WBC

8,87

(5,2 - 12,4)

K/L

BT

NEU

1,4
77,1
0,98
11,1
0,7
8,25
0,3
3,17
0,03
0,366
204

(1,9 - 8)
(40 - 74)
(0,9 - 5,2)
(19 - 48)
(0,16 - 1)
(3,4 - 9)
(0-1,5)
(0 - 7)
(0 - 0,2)
(0 - 1,5)
(130 - 400)

K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L
%
K/L

LYMPH
MONO
EOS
BASO

PLT

BT
BT
BT
BT

BT