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DI TRUYN HC QUN TH
I. CNG THC, PHNG PHP
Trng hp 1: Qun th ngu phi
Dng 1: Tm tn s tng i (TST) mi alen da vo kiu gen
Qun th cho xAA + yAa + zaa = 1
y
p(A) = x + 2
y
q(a) = z + 2
v p(A) + q(a) = 1
Dng 2: Tm TST mi alen da vo kiu hnh
Cch 1: Da vo kiu hnh ln (aa) = q2 => q = KH ln
p=1q
Cch 2: Da vo kiu hnh tri (AA + Aa) = p2 + 2pq
Ta c: p2 + 2pq = KH tri
p+q=1
=> p = ?; q = ?
Dng 3: Xc nh qun th cho cn bng hay khng
x+ z=1 => QT cn bng
x+ z1 => QT cha cn bng
Dng 4: Cu trc ca qun th cn bng:
Fn: p2AA+ 2pq Aa+ q2aa
Dng 5: Qun th b tc ng ca chn lc t nhin v b t bin
Dng 6: Tnh TST mi alen khi alen nm trn NST gii tinh
Dng 7: Tnh TST mi alen khi 1 gen c 3 alen
Trng hp 2: Qun th t th
Nu QT cho: xAA + yAa + zaa = 1
Nu xy ra th th n th h th thnh phn kiu gen thay i nh sau
n
1
+ Aa = ( 2 ) y = y'
y y '
+ AA = x +
= x'
2
y y '
+ aa = z +
2 = z'
+ Aa = ( 2 ) 100%
100 Aa
+ AA = aa =
2
Trng hp 3: Qun th hn hp
Nu QT cho t th, sau ngu phi th ta lm theo trng hp ngu phi:
Tm TST ca mi alen
Tm cu trc di truyn: p2AA : 2pqAa : q2aa
Nu QT cho ngu phi, sau t th
Bc 1:
Tm TST mi alen (p, q)
Tm cu trc di truyn: p2AA : 2pqAa : q2aa
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Bc 2: QT t th n th h
n
1
+ Aa = ( 2 ) .2pq = y'
2pq y '
+ AA = p2 +
= x'
2
2pq y '
+ aa = q2 +
= z'
2
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i
D. Phi sau 2 th h giao phi na th mi qun th mi cn bng
Bi 14: Mt qun th xut pht c t l ca th d hp bng 60%. Sau mt s th h t phi lin tip, t l ca
th d hp cn li bng 3,75%
S th h t phi xy ra qun th tnh n thi im ni trn bng:
A. 3 th h
B. 4 th h
C. 5 th h
D. 6 th h
Bi 15: Cho mt qun th c cu trc di truyn nh sau:
P: 0,1 AA : 0,7 Aa : 0,2 aa
Bit A_: lng ; aa: lng nu
Sau qu trnh giao phi ngu nhin gia cc c th, th t l kiu hnh trong qun th F3 l:
A. 79,75% lng : 20,25% lng nu
B. 20,25% lng : 79,25% lng nu
C. 30,25% lng : 69,75% lng nu
D. 69,75% lng : 30,25% lng nu
Bi 16: mt qun th thc vt, A quy nh hoa tri hon ton vi a quy nh hoa trng. Trong tng s
3000 cy ca qun th th s cy c hoa l 1530.
Bit qun th trn ang trng thi cn bng th s lng cy ca tng kiu gen trong qun th l:
A. 1920 AA, 120 Aa, 960 aa
B. 1530 AA, 1340 Aa, 130 aa
C. 270 AA, 1260 Aa, 1470 aa
D. 1080 AA, 590 Aa, 1320 aa
Bi 17: Mt qun th P c 2% AA v 80% Aa, cn li l t l ca aa. Bit: A_: qu trn, aa: qu di.
Sau 4 th h t phi th t l qu di ca qun th l:
A. 39,5%
B. 37%
C. 45%
D. 55,5%
Bi 18: Mt qun th giao phi c t l ca cc kiu gen nh sau:
P: 0,325 AA : 0,55 Aa : 0,125 aa
Pht biu sau y khng ng v qun th ni trn l:
A 0,6
A. Tn s tng i ca alen a = 0,4
B. Khi qun th cn bng, t l ca th d hp bng 48%
C. Nu qu trnh giao phi din ra bnh thng th cu trc ca qun th F1 khng thay i so vi P
D. F1 t l ca nhng c th mang kiu hnh ln chin 16%
Bi 19: Cho cc qun th giao phi sau y:
PI: 0,425 AA : 0,45 Aa : 0,125 aa
PII: 0,7225 AA : 0,255 Aa : 0,0225 aa
PIII: 0,275 AA : 0,65 Aa : 0,075 aa
Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Hai qun th PI v PII trng thi cn bng v di truyn
B. Ba qun th PI, PII v PIII u cha trng thi cn bng
C. Nu ch tnh ring tn s ca alen A th gi tr tng dn theo th t PI, PII, PIII
D. Nu ch tnh ring tn s ca alen a th gi tr gim dn theo th t PII, PI, PIII
Bi 20: Mt qun th P tri qua mt s th h giao phi to ra F4 c 98,4375% s cy c l qun, cn li l
s cy c l thng.
A. AA = 6125, Aa = 1750, aa = 125
B. AA = 1750, Aa = 6125, aa = 125
C. AA = 5375, Aa = 2250, aa = 375
D. AA = 375, Aa = 2250, aa = 5375
Bi 21: Mt qun th P c 15% s c th mang kiu gen AA. Tri qua mt s th h t th phn bt buc, n
F4, t l ca th d hp trong qun th cn li 3,125%. Bit rng gen A quy nh cy thn cao, tri hon ton so
vi gen a quy nh cy thn thp
A. 15% thn cao : 85% thn thp
B. 35% thn cao : 65% thn thp
C. 65% thn cao : 35% thn thp
D. 40% thn cao : 60% thn thp
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2B
3A
4D
5A
6D
7C
8A
9C
10D
11C
12A
13A
14B
15D
16C
17D
18C
19D
20A
21C
22D
23A
24C
25B
26D
27D
Di truyn hc qun th
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Di truyn hc qun th
https://boxsinh.wordpress.com/