-

-@- Kawom cheh Ndom Mayai dalam sap Cam -@-

(http://www.facebook.com/groups/ndom.mayai.sap.Cam)
_2012_





-@-Panuec payua-@-


Trong lng lun bc rc vi nhng ni bun man mc v mt th ting, tuy vn
c gi l "Ngn ng M " nhng tic thay kh nng s dng chng qu l t
nht, n ngoi lai n hn 50% trong ting ni giao tip hng ngy. Vy cn ch vit
th sao?
Vi mong mun nh nhoi cng gn gi v bo lu nhng gi tr truyn thng vn ha
cao p ca cha ng, chng i u chi xa vi, hy tr li vi ting ni v ch vit, ta s
thy c nhiu?

Quyn tp "Akhar Thrah 7 Harei" hy vng s gip cho cc bn, cho nhng ai bit ni
nhng cn cha nhn dng c mt ch c th tng bc mt t hc mt mnh v s
v a trong hnh phc ch sau 1 tun (Tt nhin nu c c mt ngi hng dn th
cng tt, v thi gian s cng rt gn^^)

Quyn tp c trnh by bng 3 th ch song hnh: Cham Akhar Thrah, Cham Rumi
(chuyn t t Akhar Thrah sang k t Latin da theo h thng Rumi ca E.F.E.O -
France) v ngha ting Vit tng ng. Chuyn t Latin s gip bn rt nhiu trong
vic pht m vi nhng t ng v cc v d n gin, v, vi mong mun sau khi hon
thnh thi gian t hc, cc bn khng nhng c th c c Akhar Thrah m cn lu
lot Cham Rumi na.
Quyn tp c chia thnh 3 chng ring bit. Chng 1 gii thiu cc ch ci v
c phn ra thnh 8 bi hc. Chng ta hc tng bi mt ngy n bi th 7 th v c
bn c vit c ri. Tuy nhin nm vng ng php v t vng, chng ta nn
tip tc c thm cc chng cn li. Chc cc bn thnh cng!

"Akhar Thrah 7 Harei" ra i vi mc ch phi li nhun, hy vng cc bn s yu thch
n v ph bin rng ri hu gip ch c mt phn no nho nh cho cng ng Cham
chng ta.

Rt mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca cc qu bn, qu anh ch xa gn qua
a ch Ikandiram84ae@gmail.com Quyn tp ngy cng hon thin hn v d dng
t hc hn, sinh ng hn.
Xin cm n!


---Ikan di Ram---





_

NGN NG - CH VIT
Khi qut (s lc)

I- Khi qut v ch vit Cham

Theo nhiu cng trnh nghin cu, ngi Cham thuc chng tc Nam , ting ni ca h rt gn
gi vi cc dn tc Raglai, Curu, Jarai, Randaiy (-), thuc nhm ngn ng Malayo -
Polinesien (M Lai - a o).

Cn c vo vic nghin cu cc vn bia Champa c tm thy c nin i t th k th II
(Bia V Cnh, Khnh Ha) n nhng bia c nin i kh mun vo th k th XV (bia k Bin
Ha v thnh ph H Ch Minh), cc nh khoa hc tm chia qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin
vn t Cham lm 3 giai on: Sankrit, Cham c v ch Cham Akhar Thrah.

-Ch Cham Sankrit: Tp trung cc bia k c nin i t th k th II n th VIII, c vit
bng ch Phm Nam n.
-Ch Cham c: Loi ch ny thng c pht hin cc bia k ti ng Dng, Qung Nam c
nin i u th k th IX c vit bng hai th ch Sankrit v ch Cham c. Tiu biu nht l
bia k Lai Cam c t dng trn, c nt vit lin tc v hon thin dn cho n bia k Po Nagar
(th k X n XII) hoc bia k Bin Ha (th k XV). Mt s bia k trong giai on ny c vit
bng Akhar Rik.
-Ch Cham Akhar Thrah: bt ngun t cc kiu ch Akhar Rik (ch c,...). Akhar Tapuk (ch
sch), Akhar Yok (ch b n, thn b), Akhar Galimng (ch con nhn), Akhar Tuer (ch treo,
ch tt)... l dng trung gian c tnh c bit ca Akhar Tharh. Loi vn t ny ln u tin c
gii thiu mt cch c h thng v dng trong t in Cham-Php ca Aymonier v A.Cabaton.
(E.Aymonier & A.Cabaton, Dictionnaire am-Franais, Publications de lcole Franaise dExtrme-Orient, Paris, 1906)

Ngy nay, Akhar Thrah c dng ph bin trong cc bn vit tay ca kinh sch Balamon v
Bani, cch tnh lch, vn hc dn gian, cc vn t cng vn giy t hnh chnh v th k th XIX
(vn t mi rung t), Bin nin s Champa Panduranga... Cc sch giao khoa cp tiu hc
ting Cham vng Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun cng dng Akhar Thrah.

II- c th ting ni ch vit Cham

So vi ting ph thng (ting Vit), ngoi nhng im tng ng v ng php nh trt t t
trong cu, cu trc cu, c chung li ni li suy ngh ca c dn chu nng nghip, ting
Cham cn c s d bit ring ca ngn ng nh: Cch vit, cch c, c nhn c m v cng
chng, nguyn m ngn di, cu trc m tit khng tuyn tnh.

m v ph m u ting Cham: C m vc cng v chng tng cp (ting Vit khng c). V d:
K v G; Kh v Gh; C v J; Ch v Jh...

III- Mt s vn cn lu trong qu trnh hc ting Cham

Do c mt s c th khc bit so vi ting Vit nn trong qu trnh hc ting v ch Cham, cc
hc vin cn ch mt s vn sau:

- Ch Cham c vit treo bn di ng chun.
- Nt ch Cham c vit trn theo chiu kim ng h, t di ln trn.
- Vn ca ch Cham gm mt hay nhiu du m c v tr xung quanh ph m u.
- Ph m cui l ci c nt bn phi ko di xung.
- Thanh iu trong ting Cham chnh l m vc, khng c gi tr khu bit ngha nh thanh iu
trong ting Vit.

Theo Kay Amh (Dn tc Cham)
Vn ha cc dn tc s 10



-

*++( ;*
_+ +zc -z s: +zc
IN AKHAR SAONG TAKAI AKHAR
(Chng I: Ch ci v Du m)

---Kadha Sa (Bi 1)
*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)
- -
K - kak Kh - khak G - gak Gh - ghak Ng - ngk Ng - ngak
puec yau:
Takai (ci chn)
Kheng
(mnh)
gai
(cy gy)
agha
(r cy)
Langm
(ngt bi)
angan
(tn)

***- v- ()
---Takai akhar deng di ngaok in (5) (Du m t pha trn ch ci):

Balau
-a
(ka: ci ca) --(guga: xng rng) .-(paga: ro) v(agha: r)

takai kik
-i
-(takik: t) -(khik: gi) -(lingik: tri) -(ging: bp)

tut takai mk
-m
-(cagam: gang tay) -(langm: ngt bi)

paoh thek
-e
-;(takeh: khu) ;(gheh: xinh, d thng)

paoh ngk
-ng
(kang: ci cm) -(khang: ci lu ng go) -(gang: mi [khuu tay])
v v- . - v- ; -v "" .;
.; v- Bac: Mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar
(Hc: Ly nhng ch ci pha trn v vn th vo "" thc hin vic rp vn)
.-. Pagap (V d):

. - . - v-
Ngap yau nan saong dom takai akhar karei (Thc hin tng t i vi cc du m khc)


+


(v Threm wak (Tp vit)

(v . = - - = .
Threm wak rup ng hu ralo kanain ye hu siam (T tp vit c cng nhiu hng th cng tt ^^)

"c: v :+; +c c: ; ("
"Takai juak aih halei takai kaoh klak"

c


---Kadha Dua (Bi 2)
*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)
. _
C - cak Ch - chak J - jak Jh - jhak Ny - nyk Ny - nyak Nj - Njak
puec yau:
Cum (hn)
Chai
(xay [bt])
Jin
(tin)
Jhak
(xu)
Manyum
(ung)
Tanyak
(chi)
Njem
(Rau)

***- v- v- (-)
---Takai akhar deng di ala in (4) (Du m t pha di ch ci):

Takai kuk
-u
(iku: ui [c]) (Nyu: n, hn...) (bingu: hoa) ((Cru: [tc] Curu)

Takai kk
-
((krn: hiu; nhn thy, nhn ra)

Takai kuak
-ua
(kacua: anh/ch c) (majua: vng v)

Takai klak
-l
;(Klah: thot) --; (Gaok-glah: ni niu)

. (v . - v v-
. - v- ; -v "" .; .; v- v "" -
(v v- ; (v . - v- -
- .
Bac saong threm wak: Ngap yau kadha bac Sa, jang mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai
akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar, min "" daok dalam kadha Dua. Threm wak in akhar blaoh threm
wak in saong takai akhar, ralo kanain ralo siam.
(Hc v tp vit: Lm tng t nh bi hc 1, cng ly ch ci rp v vn rp vo "" tng ng
nh vn. Tp vit ch ci [trong bi hc ny] ri tp vit ch ci c thm cc du m, vit cng nhiu
cng tt ^^)



"+u( +( ++ ,( + +c v"
"Ribuk pak urang, Ikak sang palei drei"

---Kadha Klau (Bi 3)
*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)
- v ; ,
T - tak Th - thak D - dak Dh - dhak N - nk N - nak Nd - Ndak
Tamakai
(da hu)
riTha
(con hu)
Dak
(xp)
Dhar [phuel]
(n ngha])
Ni
(ny, y)
anak
(pha trc)
Ndua
(i)

***- v- v; ()
---Takai akhar deng di anak in (3) (Du m t pha trc ch ci):


Dan sa
-o
(Dewa Mano: [anh hng ca] Dewa Mano) (Pok: bng, b)

Dan dua
-ai
.(Padai: la) =- v; (Hatai Abaoh: tim )
(
Takai krak
-r
(-(Trak: nng) -((tanran: cnh ng)

***- v- - ()
---Takai akhar deng di likuk in (2) (Du m t pha sau ch ci):


Takai kiak
-ia
.,(Pandiak: nng; nng) -(Tian: lng) -(Tiak: tnh cm)
;
Paoh danih
-h
=;(hadah: sng) -;(tanh: t) ,;(kandah: kh khn)

. (v . - v v-
. - v- ; -v "" .; .; v- v "" -
(v v- ; (v . - v- -
- .
Bac saong threm wak: Ngap yau kadha bac Sa, jang mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai
akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar, min "" daok dalam kadha ni. Threm wak in akhar blaoh threm
wak in saong takai akhar, ralo kanain ralo siam!
(Hc v tp vit: Lm tng t nh bi hc 1, cng ly ch ci rp v vn rp vo "" tng ng
nh vn. Tp vit ch ci [trong bi hc ny] ri tp vit ch ci c thm cc du m, vit cng nhiu
cng tt ^^)





-
---Kadha Pak (Bi 4)
*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)
. v
P - pak Ph - phak B - bak Bh - bhak M - mk M - mak Mb - Mbak
taPai
(con th)
Phim
(phim)
Bak
(y)
Bhum
(Qu hng)
Mk
(ly)
Mai
(n; v)
Mbak
(mn)
***- v-
***Takai akhar (Du m)


Dan sa
Paoh thek
-
-(Kat: [l hi] Kate) (bir: thp) .-(pag: bui sng)

Dan sa
Craoh Ao
-ao
(kubao: con tru) .-(patao: vua) v(bimao: nm)

. (v . - v v-
. - v- ; -v "" .; .; v- v ""
- (v v- ; (v . - v-
- - .
Bac saong threm wak: Ngap yau kadha bac Sa, jang mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai
akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar, min "" daok dalam kadha ni. Threm wak in akhar blaoh threm
wak in saong takai akhar, ralo kanain ralo siam.
(Hc v tp vit: Lm tng t nh bi hc 1, cng ly ch ci rp v vn rp vo "" tng ng
nh vn. Tp vit ch ci [trong bi hc ny] ri tp vit ch ci c thm cc du m, vit cng nhiu
cng tt ^^)




*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)
- - = .
Y - yak R - rak L - lak W - wak S - sak H - hak P - pak S - sak
Yang
(Thn)
Raong
(nui)
Alak
(ru)
Wak
(vit)
Sa-ai
(anh)
Hu
(c)
Pak
(4)
Sang
(nh)



_

***- v-
***Takai akhar (Du m)

Balau paoh thek
tapong
-e
.(paje: ri) .- (sang Ye: (nh truyn thng))

takai kik tut takai
mk dalam
-i
v(kami: ti) (sakawi: lch) (Bini: B-ni)

takai kik tut takai
mk lingiw
-im
(ciim: chim) (rim: mi) -(khim klao: mm ci)

takai kik paoh dak
-ei .-(palei: lng) =(harei: ngy) - v (lakei kumei: trai gi)

paoh thek paoh
ngk
-eng
(raweng: thm) (mbeng: n) -(gineng: Trng Gineng)

paoh thek tut
takai mk
-em
-,(ga-ndem: dnh) (njem: rau)

takai klak takai
kuak
-lua
. (pluai: qu b)

takai klak
takai kuk
-lu
-;(gluh: bn) ..;(sapluh: 10)

craoh ao
paoh ngk
-aong
.(saong: v/vi) (.(Praong: ln) (naong: gnh) v-(ataong: nh)

craoh ao tut
takai mk
-aom
- -. (taom gep: gp nhau) - = (yaom hu: c khong..)

. (v . - v v-
. - v- ; -v "" .; .; v- v "" -
(v v- ; (v . - v- -
- .
Bac saong threm wak: Ngap yau kadha bac Sa, jang mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai
akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar, min "" daok dalam kadha ni. Threm wak in akhar blaoh threm
wak in saong takai akhar, ralo kanain ralo siam.
(Hc v tp vit: Lm tng t nh bi hc 1, cng ly ch ci rp v vn rp vo "" tng ng
nh vn. Tp vit ch ci [trong bi hc ny] ri tp vit ch ci c thm cc du m, vit cng nhiu
cng tt ^^)


"+ + +v; ( :cr
cc c( + :+r :cr ( + v;"
"Aia praong ridh ndik gaiy
Tel tuk aia raiy gaiy ndik ridh "

,


---Kadha lim (Bi 5)
*** v-
***In akhar (Ch ci)

v ;
A - ak I - ik U- uk - Ai - ai O - ok
puec yau:
da-a (mi)
Ilimo
(vn ha)
li-u
(da)
rup ng
(t mnh)
Sa-ai
(anh)
O
(khng)


***v- - ()
***Akhar Matai (11) (Ch cht lm du m)

- Yau = .-. Pagap (v d)

Paoh kak
-k (Ikak: ct; bun bn) (-(Trak: nng) -(Katak: [g] gy)

paoh ngk
-ng

v = v (Bimong: Thp)

paoh cak
-c v(Thac: /tt [nc]) ,(Nduec: Chy) .(Puec: c)

paoh tak
-t v(That: ti) (Marat: c gng)

paoh nk
-n (Ikan: C) (Jin: tin) .(Paran: Dn tc)
.
paoh pak
-p -.(Kitap: Sch) -.(Lap: r) -.(Khap: Yu)
-
paoh yak
-y

-- = -(Giray=Girai: Rng) - = (Ray=Rai: i)

paoh rak
-r (War: qun) =(Hadar: nh) (Dhar: Cng c)
-
paoh lak
-l v-(Amal: sn) .;-(Panal: n lt lng) v-(Awal: Chm Awal)

paoh wak
-w

= (Kubaw=Kubao: con tru)

paoh sak
-s

(Manuis: Ngi)



,,

. (v . - v v-
. - v- ; -v "" .; .; v- v "" -
(v v- ; (v . - v- -
- .
Bac saong threm wak: Ngap yau kadha bac Sa, jang mk dom in akhar birau bac saong takai
akhar buh tam "" pieh paoh akhar, min "" daok dalam kadha ni. Threm wak in akhar blaoh threm
wak in saong takai akhar, ralo kanain ralo siam.
(Hc v tp vit: Lm tng t nh bi hc 1, cng ly ch ci rp v vn rp vo "" tng ng
nh vn. Tp vit ch ci [trong bi hc ny] ri tp vit ch ci c thm cc du m, vit cng nhiu
cng tt ^^)









"w + vcw u ,w + vw"
Nao sa jalan mbeng ikan sa danao

,


---Kadha nem (Bi 6)
***v
***Angka (Ch s/S m)
- e
. -v -; -. .-. ..;
Sa Dua Klau Pak Lim Nem Tajuh Dalapan Salapan Sapluh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ee eee eeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeee
. -; . . - . . . -
Sa Rituh Sa Ribau Sa Taman Sa Chai Sa Kot Sa Tik
100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000 1.000.000.000

(v
Threm wak:

e = 2011

v -. =- v; - ,
Angka yap halei jang deng anak di Kata Benda
S m lun ng trc danh t
.-. v Klau urang ank (3 a con)
Pagap: ..; v Sapluh mong (10 gi)

v =- - - ,
Angka radak halei jang deng lakuk di Kata Benda
S th t lun ng sau danh t
.-. - - .-. Nao dalam tuk salapan (i lc 9 gi)
Pagap: - Damya pak (ng th 4)
v e Thun Dua ribau sapluh sa (Nm 2011)

,_

*** =
***Bac Harung (n tp):
- -
K Kh G Gh Ng Ng
. _
C Ch J Jh Ny Ny Nj
- v ; ,
T Th D Dh N N Nd
. v
P Ph B Bh M M Mb
- - . =
Y R L W S H P
.

S
v ;

A I U Ai O


===> v- = - v;
===> In akhar Cam hu 41 abaoh (Ch ci Cham c 41 ch ci)

(v Threm wak (Tp vit):


v- (In Akhar)




,-



v (Angka)




"+wc uu +w ucu+"
"Anit bangsa ranem buelbhap"

---- - t---
Po Klaong Giray











,+


---Kadha tajuh (Bi 7)
*** . .;
***Dom sap paoh (Cc vn)

** -O ~~ . - "-" - . -
Puec yau "-" dalam sap Yuen (O ~~ c nh "" trong ting Vit)

-O
- -(Ralo lo: nhiu lm) -v (Ilimo: vn ha)


-om
,(Ndom: ni) (Mangawom: gia nh) =(Hadom: bao nhiu)
=

-ong
(- - (Trong takai: gc chn) v(OngMuk: ng b)


-ok
(Pok: bng, b) -- (Tagok: dy) -(Tok: nhn; ch c)
=

-ong
-(Tong: gc) v (Bimong: Thp)


-oc



-ot
(Ot-manot: [vui ci] rng r) -v (Lathei rot: Cm
n)


-on

. .

-op
=.(Hop: hp)
- -

-oy



-or

- -

-ol



-os

; ;

-oh
;(Mboh: Thy) (v;(Throh: Tr [bng])

,c


** -Aow ~~ . - "-O" - . -
Puec yau "-O" dalam sap Yuen (Aow ~~ c nh "-O" trong ting Vit)






-Aow
.(Pabaow: con cu) -v (Lamaow: con b) v (Thaow:
cm, nm)


-Aom
-(Taom: gp) - = (Yaom hu: ch c)
=

-Aong
v(Cang maong: Trng i) .(Saong: v;vi;cng)


-Aok
v(Maok: con mi) v (Akaok: u) .(Jhaok: mc)
=

-Aong
-(Po Klaong Garai) (- ,- (Traong nday: c
chua)


-Aoc



-Aot
v(Kathaot: ngho) v (Nao maot: i mt)


-Aon

. .

-Aop

- -

-Aoy
-(Jaoy: gii)


-Aor
-(Laor: di) v (Akaok: u) .(Jhaok: mc)
- -

-Aol
-- -(Khaol ita: Chng ti)


-Aos

; ;

-Aoh
v;(Thaoh: trng rng) .; -. (Mapaoh gep: nh nhau)

,


** - -Aiy ~~ . - "-E" - . -
~~ Puec yau "-E" dalam sap Yuen (Aiy ~~ c nh "-E" trong ting Vit)

-

-aiy-
.-(Pabaiy: con d) -- (Laiy: cng chn) --(Khaiy: h,h)


-aim-
(Karaim: c-rem)
=

-aing
~ (Caklaing: [lng] M Nghip)


-aik
(Caik: t, ) (Baik: nh) v(v(Amraik: t)
=

-aing
~ (Caklaing: [lng] M Nghip)


-aic



-ait
- (Tadait Saranai: Kn Saranai) =-(Hagait: ci g)


-ain
(Kanain: )
. .

-aip
.;.(Pahbaip: ngi xm)


-air

- -

-ail



-aiw
(Ikan caklaiw: C tru nh va) (Kaiw: ko; ngc[?])


-ais

; ;

-aih
v; -- (Aih taginum: cm my) vv; (Athaih: con nga)

,

** - ~~ . - "-" - . -
~~ Puec yau "" dalam sap Yuen (-- ~~ c nh "-" trong ting Vit)

-
-(Kat: [l hi] Kate) -(Tak: sng)


-m
(Kim: Cho [ng vt] n)
=

-ng
~ (Mblng: nghing)


-k

=

-ng
- ~ - (Jalng: ci cuc)


-c



-t
=v (Hamit: mi) (Chit: ci chit)


-n
(Jin: tin) -. v(Tapin aia: bn nc)
. .

-p

- -

-y



-r
- - -- (Payn tangin tagok: a tay ln)
- -

-l



-w
(Ciw: chiu) (.(Prw: ht)


-s

; ;

-h
;(dh: kia) v ;(Ank sh: hc sinh)

,_

** -UE- ~~ . - "-U" - . -
~~ Puec yau "-U" bisaman dalam sap Yuen (-UE- ~~ c nh "U" [lt nhanh gia ch U v ] trong
ting Vit)

-ue
, - (Ndom lue: ni a)



-uem


=

-ueng
= ~ = (Hueng: h)



-uek
=- (Haluek: [dao] sc)

=

-ueng
= ~ = (Hueng: h)



-uec
. (Puec: c) ,(Nduec: chy, chy) . (Panuec: ting, li)



-uet




-uen
- (Luen: nut) - (Yuen: ngi Kinh) .v (Su-auen: nh)
.
.

-uep

-
-

-uey




-uer
(Kuer: m) v(Thuer: [lng] Hu Sanh) .(Suer: Thin ng)
-
-

-uel
- (Phuel: c, n) - (Njuen-njac: nh nhng)



-uew




-ues

;
;

-ueh
v. ; (Apuei ghueh: la chy hng)

(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tp vit+c)

Cam saong Raglai yau adei saai sa tian (Cham vi Raglai nh hai anh em mt d)

Nao sa jalan mbeng ikan sa danao (i chung ng n c chung ao)





"O thei ngap di drei o hai. Tamuh di hatai drei ngap di drei" (C ai gy hi mnh u, t tm sanh s mnh hi mnh)


v . Threm wak+ puec (Tp vit+c)

+

, .;
.;
v v - -.
. v v v -
- - . v v;
v v ;
Ciim ndem di dhar klau pluh
Ciim nao masuh klak dhar majua
Thei thau ka tian kau lapa
Njem par di aia mng thau ka tian
Cek glaong glai paceng mng anak
Kau maong mai wek o mboh dhar ciim

,


---Kadha Dalapan (Bi 8)
***v;
***Adih-King (Phng hng)




. Pur (ng)
.- Pay (Ty)
Dak (Nam)
Ut (Bc)
san (ng Bc)
v(-; Agrih (ng Nam)
-. Bai-yap (Ty Bc)
-- Nai-liti (Ty Nam)

"c: v( :+; +c c: ; ("

"Takai juak aih halei takai kaoh klak "

_

*++( z*
-+ zn +:+
DOM HASIT DAKLAN
(Chng II: MT VI CH )

---Kadha sa (Bi 1)
*** v- = -.
***Parabha dom in akhar mahiek gep (Phn bit cc ch ci ta ta nhau)

***- G- L- T
v =- - G
Araong haluek (Lng nhn)
v , - L
Araong ndak (Lng cong)
- (. - T
Mata praong (Mt to)

(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tp vit+c)


***. P. S
v =- . P
Araong haluek (Lng nhn)
v , . S
Araong ndak (Lng cong)

(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tpvit+c)



-


*** C N
C
Bhian (bnh thng)
- (- N
Takai duei trun (Chn ko xung

(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tpvit+c)


*** D P
- =- D
Takai haluek (chn nhn)
- = - P
Takai hu mata (chn c mt)
(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tpvit+c)


*** W Mb
W
Bhian (bnh thng)
- -- Mb
Mblaow takai tagok (nh chn ln)
(v . Threm wak+ puec (Tpvit+c)

+


---Kadha dua (Bi 2)

***Mt s vn v Ng php:

A- T:

Ting Cham l mt ngn ng a m tit trong t song tit chim s lng ln nht, sau l
n tit
(Xem thm Inrasara, T Hc Ting Chm, NXB VHDT, 2003. Trang 67)

B- T t: (Cch xc nh Langlikuk - tin trng m)

Ting Cham c 2 loi t t: Tin t v Trung t. Bit vn dng, chng ta s tm c t mt
cch chnh xc ko ln ln.

** Trung t - n --- C tc dng bin ng t thnh danh t
* V d:
(Bek: p) (Banek: p)
; (Dih: Cy) ; (Danih: m)
v; (Adaoh: Ht) ; (Danaoh: Bi ht)
(Trung t - n buc t chnh lm langlikuk - tin trng m)

** Tin t -- t --- C tc dng bin ngoi ng t thnh ni ng t
* V d:
(Blek: Lt) - (Tablek: T lt)
v (Thuak: Rt) -v (Tathuak: St)
; (Blah: Ch) -; (Tablah: N)

** Tin t - ---T c tin t -m s c ngha: "gm", "c", "bao hm", "cha ng"
* V d:
- (Tian: Bng, d) - (Matian: C d/bng = cha)
v; (Abaoh: Tri, trng) ; (Mabaoh: trng)
(- (Gru: Thy) (- (Magru: Hc)



c

** Tin t - p --- T c tin t -p s c ngha: "lm cho"
* V d:
- (Matai: Cht) - (Pamatai: Git)
-. (Lipei: M, mng) -. (Palipei: Bo mng)
(- (Trun: Xung) (- (Patrun: H)
(**)Lu gia v .:
* -p:
Lm tin t
Vit nhng t c bit v quen thuc nh:
(Po: Ngi, thn; Vng, d) (Pok: Bng, b)
Vit s:
(Pak: 4)
* .-p:
Khng lm Tin t nhng li lm Tin trng m (Langlikuk)
S dng vo cc trng hp khc ngoi cc trng hp trn

** Tin t - bi --- l mt hnh thc pht sinh ca -p ngha l "cho"

* V d:
(Samar: Nhanh) (Bisamar: cho nhanh)
(Mbong: sch) (Bi-mbong: Cho sch)
.v (Sumu: kp) .v (Bisumu: cho kp, bt kp)
***Lu : Trong trng hp ny, khng lm gim cng pht m ca t chnh, khc vi
khi lm tin trng m.
* V d:
(Bini: [o] Ba-ni) (Bi-mbong: lm cho sch)

C- Tin trng m (Langlikuk) lm gim cng pht m:




- -- (Gilai: Thuyn)
- (Jalan: ng)
(Danao: Ao)
- (Bilan: Thng)

brn/
Baranng

---Kadha klau (Bi 3)

***Mt s vn v Ng php (tt):

D- Cc vn khc (Quan trng):

1* Vit ging nhau, c khc nhau. y l trng hp bin m ca ph m cui

** & .
---Pagap:
- (Katak: m) - v - (Mk katak: ly m)
- (Katak: cc tc) - - (Manuk katak: g cc tc)
-- (Talak: so) - - -- (Yuk talak: Thi so)
v- (Alak: ru) - v- (Manyum alak: Ung ru)
=-. (Hayap: Bia) - v- =-. (AKhar di hayap: ch trn bia k)
-. (Yap: m) - -. . (Yap pabaow: m cu)
-. (Khap: Yu) - -. -. (Khap di gep: Yu nhau)

==> V chng ta ch bn v chun chnh t, nn hnh thc ca ch vit vn c gi
nguyn mc d c bin th ca cch c. Mun c v hiu ng, ch cn T
CHNG VO NG CNH v C THT NHIU TI LIU!

---Pagap:
; -- =; .- ;
(Oh tel hadah pag, manuk kanjaok blaoh: Tri cha sng m g gy ri)
T ko th c thnh Kanjaok nh bnh thng m phi l Kanjc
v-
(Jaka manyum alak: Jaka ung ru)
T v- c c thnh Alc

_

2* Vit khc nhau, c ging nhau:
*** C 4 Trng hp:
= = (Kang: cm)
= = (Kubao = Kubaw: Tru)
= - - = -- (Girai = Giray: Rng)
= - = - (Yau = Yuw: Nh/ging)

==> Cc trng hp trn y u c vit khng theo mt quy tc nht nh
(ngha l chn cch vit no cng c)

3* Vit khc nhng c khc:
c c l Po
***Ngoi ra cn c cc trng hp bt quy tc khc trong cch vit m chng
ta phi hc nm lng. V d:
; (Saai: anh, ch)
; (On: Mng)

4* m ngn - m di:
(Xem thm Inrasara, T Hc Ting Chm, NXB VHDT, 2003. Trang 100)

Cc m tit sau khng c phn bit ngn di trong li vit

Ngn Di



1


(Kan: Kh)
(Ban: ng)
-v (Lamk: m)
(Ikan ~ ikaan: C)
(Ban ~ baan: Thng)
v (Ramk ~ ramk: Cha)

2
(Ghur: Ngha trang Bani)
(Juk: cy)
(Cur ~ cuur: Vi)
(Juk ~ juuk: en)

3
(Cek: ni)
.. (Rapek: M)
(Cek ~ Ceek: dc)
. (Pek ~ Peek: ci)

4
v (Maik: nh) vv (Amaik ~ Amk: M)


_

.- (Jhain: Chen) - (Kail ~ Kaain: nh du)

5
(Caok: Khc)

.- (Palei Caok ~ Ck:
lng Hiu L)

6
(Rik: C)
(Ngik: Ci)
(Rik ~ Riik: C kh)
- (Lingiik: Tri)


==> Trong cc bn chp tay ch Cham, 2 trng hp di (5&6) khng c s thay
i li vit d m c pht ra c ngn hay di. Ring 4 trng hp trn, ngi Cham
c dng chn ch ghi m di, nhng li vit ny khng c trit s dng.
Ngi ta khng bao gi vit - (Bulaan: Thng) hay v (Angaar: Th 3) mc
d chng c pht m di, m phi vit - - Bulan hay v - Angar

* Trng hp kh x ny trong cc vn bn Cham cn i c G.Moussay
gii quyt tm thi nh sau:

- m di nguyn, m ngn th thm thnh /-/
---Pagap:
- (Bel: Ma)
- (Bal: V)
(Ber: Mu)
= (Hader: Nh)
(Kamar: Tr s sinh)
v= (ahar: Bnh)
- (Khen: Khn)
v (Ramwan - [l hi] Ramwan)

_,

4* Bin m:

**. .
-. (Gap: Va) -- - ; -. -
(Yau nan mbiah gap ye: Nh th va ri)
-. (Gep: H hng; nhau) -- . (- . -.
(Ngap gruk saong gep: Lm vic cng nhau)
**. .
. (Mbp: a bp) -- - . - -
(Gai mbp dalam ging: a bp trong nh bp)

,. (Ndip: Np, xi) -- -v - - ,.

(Tam ging tank ndip: Vo bp nu xi)
**. .
. (Jip: Th nm) -- - = . (Dalam harei Jip: Trong ngy th 5)
=. (Hadiip: V) -- =. .. (Hadiip pasang: V chng)

5* Cch s dng v
** c s dng khi khng c ph m cui (kt thc t)
v d: - (Jala: Tra) - (Ula: Rn)
--- Khng c ghi khi c ph m cui mc d chng l m di (xem thm mc 3*)
v d: - (Bulan: Thng) (Ikan: C)

+ Tuy nhin, vn c mt vi trng hp c bit bt buc chng ta phi nh:

v d: (Pak: 4)
(Klak: B)
. (Pakak: Khai mc)




_

** &
* c dng khi lm langlikuk v khi c ph m cui
v d: v (Rimaong: H) v (Bimao: Nm)
- (Lingik: Tri) - (Tangin: Tay)

* c dng khi khng c ph m cui (kt thc t)"
v d: (Ni: Ny) (Urani: By gi)
(Bini: [o] B-ni) v (Kumi: Ti/Trm)

__

*++( ,*
-+ : +:
DOM KADHA PAMBLUAK
(Chng III: Bi c thm)

***,***





.
- -
= -
- = - ;
v ; -v - -
v ; -
v; (- v; v
- vv - vv
- -;
.; .-
Ciim cak cak
Padai bak jak
lac bak li-i
Hajan malam ni
lac hajan malam dh
Ank ong sh tam ribaong laik nyuel
Ank ong maduen nao duah ritaong
Bai abaoh traong Bai abaoh aik
Bingi lo amaik bingi lo am
Jen gaok jen glah
Jen o pacah wak kaong paga

_-

****

- ---

+vw uc c+ ++ c + +u c+w r;r;
+( ucw r( +:u( w uc
+ cw +v ++
u u + w +:u( +u +c+ cw
+c + vcw + +w( w u+
c:c y+ ++; cc; y+ +v ; v u; +
u; +:v :ur vw + c
+:u( +u +wc vr+
uw +c; ++ +u; +( v+ + +v
c ++ v +c u cc
+wvr + c +w( c w
uw +( ucw +v + ++ +v;+:v
+w( u( cc+ :u
v( cu v( +
+ +c; uw c+ +:u( +u u cw
+ + +c vc; u v; r ++
uw +:u( +u cw +:+ + +w( +c
uw +c; ++ +u; +; vcw +v
u+ ++ v +w( +v; u(

_+

**_**

- ,

v .- v v- = ; v
; v- ; . .; v
; -; - =- (
- v - ; - - v
v = ; . ;
- v , ;
v -; v ,
; - - - -v -v
.; ; - = . -
= - (. .; =
= . - -- (- > ; ; v
v; -; ; -( v -
;
.- v v - ; ;
v ; v . - v .
v v- v - ; =- ; v
; ; . . -; >-u > - -.
-; ( . v-;

_c

**-**

- vv
uvw + :+( c+ + +w :v c+w
vwr u+ +v; u cw +v +wc +w
u ++ c: r w cv( vcw +c
c + + v +v u + u :u

+ u:; :u
+c +v + u:; :u; :u +u
+u +:v ~; c +; +
+wc u c ++ u+
cw +c+ v y+ + vcw

+v+ u( u +c + +w :v c+w
+v+ u( u + + +u; uvw :+( :+
u:; c + v:v; : w v cv( +u
+v +:v u; :u +c :v v +
v + u:;
+c +v + u:; :u; :u +u
+u +:v u; c +; +
+wc u + :c( v v
+ uvw +c +w uw :+( uw vc cw

_



















-@-TI LIU THAM KHO CHNH-@-

1. Thun Ngc Lim, Ting Chm cn bn [?], BBSSCC Ninh Thun.
2. Lu Vn o, Ting Chm nng cao [?], BBSSCC Ninh Thun.
3. Inrasara, T Hc Ting Chm, NXB VHDT, 2003
4. Http://Champaka.org
5. Http://GilaiPraung.com



_

RUMI SYSTEM

In &
Takai Akhar


Rumi

Pagap

Rumi


Aer dalam
sap Yuen

Kak - K

Jaka

Jaka
-
Khak - Kh
a-.
Akhar Ch
-
Gak - G
--.
Tagalao Bng lng

Ghak - Gh
a
Agha R

Ngk - Ng
.
Lamng (Tn 1 a
danh)

Ngak - Ng
a
Angan Tn

Cak - C

Cum Hn

Chak - Ch

Cheh Thch

Jak - J
.
Jalan ng
.
Jhak - Jh
.
Jhak Xu


Nyk - Ny

Manyk

n

Nyak - Ny
-
Tanyak chi

Njak - Nj

Njem

Rau
-
Tak - T
-
Takai Chn

Thak - Th

Thaik Hnh/dng

Dak - D
a
aDei Em

Dhak - Dh

Kadha Bi [hc]

Nk - N
a
Ank Con

Nak - N
a
Anak Pha trc


__


Ndak - Nd

Ndom Ni

Pak - P
-
Tapai Con th

Pak - P

Pak

4
.
Phak - Ph
.
Bingu Suphi Hoa mai

Bak - B

Bak y

Bhak - Bh

Bhum Qu hng
v
Mk - M
v
Mh

Vng

Mak - M
.
Kamar Tr s sinh
_
Mbak - Mb
_
Mbak

Mn

Yak - Y

Yang Thn
.
Rak - R
.
Rai i
.
Lak - L
a.
Alak Ru
_
Wak - W
_
Wak Vit

Sak - S

Sang Nh

Sak - S
.
Sakkarai

Lch s

Hak - H

Hajan Ma
a
Ak - A
a
Da-a Mi

Ik - I

Ikan C

Uk - U
.
Li-u Da

-
_
w

Ku, gi

Ai - Ai

Saai Anh

O - O

O Khng
(
takai krak
-r-
(
Krn Nhn bit

t.kiak
-ia-
-.
Taphia Gn

balau
-a [!]
. (
Jala, Makr [!] Tra, p


-








/
paoh theh/p.thek tapong
-e- / -e (ae [?])

Pieh, Paje

Gi, ri

paoh ngk
-ng
.
Kalang Diu

tut t.kai mk
-m

Cam Chm
/
t.kai kik / t.kai kik tut mk
-i- / -i

Bini [o] B-ni

t.kai kik tut mk lingiw
-im

Ciim Chim

-ei
.
Palei

Lng

-em
-.
Galem Vc

-eng
-
Gleng

Nhn/Bi
/
-o- / -o
..
Pok, ralo B, nhiu

-ai
v
Mai n

-ao

Nao

i

-aong

Caong

M

-aom
- -,
Pataom gep

Hp mt
nhau

--
(
Krh

Gia

-u-
v
Hamu Rung

-ua-

Dua

2

-l-

Klak C

-lu-

Sapluh 10

-lua-

Pluai Qu b


-,


=-Pagap-=
Cam Akhar Thrah Rumi

- ,
v .- v v- =
; v ; v-
; . .;
v ; -; -
=- ( - v
- ; - -
v v = ;
. ; -
v , ;
v -; v ,
;
- - - -v -v
.; ; -
= . -
=
- (. .; = = .
- -- (- >; ;
v v; -;
; -( v - ;
----------------------------------------------------

BHUM ADEI
Ratuek - Ndang Neng Kua




Mai raweng palei adei aey hai! Juai mboh
kathaot blaoh wer aey saai! Dua urang sa
pajaih pajieng mai, Juai nh rabha ka
calah tung hatai. K ken cek kraong glai,
min ken di tian saai. Tambuak takai mai
ka adei buei hai. Mboh mbaok mbluak di
jin padai, saai taom adei ndom klao
cheh-chai



Aia tanh ghur adei ndua padeng caik
cang. Manyum baik saai, ka mat tung tian.
Tamakai yamn, yamn mbluak saradang.
Pieh cang saai liwik harei rup liwang.
Mbeng baik! Mbeng baik ka hu yawa
prn pieh harei hadei ngap jalan tagok
trun. Cuah Patih abei bhong abaoh
rambung, mayah saai takr adei tuk ka
saai mbeng!




----------------------------------------------------





-


=-Patuei-=

hr] dl' krP - Harei dalam Karap
(Cc th trong tun)

v . v . ;
Adit Som Angar But Jip Suk Sanacar
Ch Nht Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6 Th 7


E~N qsK c' - Thun nasak Cam
(Tui Cam)

-; v -. - -v; v.;
Takuh Kubao Rimaong Tapai In-Girai Ula-Anaih Asaih
Chut Tru Cp Th Rng Rn Nga

.- ( v. .
Pabaiy Kra Manuk Asau Pabuei
D Kh G Ch Heo










-_


Ngap krn saong Cam Rumi (2)
(Lm quen vi Cham Rumi)


Caong ka kadha wak ni daong hu hasit ka ayut halei o ka ngap krn saong Cam Rumi.
(Mong mun bi vit ny s gip c cc bn cha tho vit ch Cham theo h thng Rumi)
__
"Puec yau" = c nh l
_________

a: puec yau "a" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap (v d): "tapa" (qua), lapa (i), kara (ra)
b: puec yau "ph" trak (nng) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "bak" (y), abei (khoai), labik (ch, ni)
c: puec yau "ch" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "Cam" (Cham - dn tc Cham/Chm), cei (ch, cu)
ch: puec yau "ch[s]" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "chai" (xay [bt])
d: puec yau "th" trak (nng) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "adei" (em),ada (con vt), hadah (sng)
dh: puec yau "th" trak gap (nng va) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "kadha" (bi), dhar (n ngha)
e: puec yau " "dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "peh" (m), cheh (thch)


f:
g: puec yau "kh" trak (nng) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "tagei" (rng), paga (ro), caga (chun b)
gh: puec yau "kh" trak gap (nng va) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: agha (r cy) "gheh" (xinh, p)
h: puec yau "h" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "hala" (l), "harak" (th), "harei" (ngy)
i: puec yau "i" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "kami" (ti/chng ti), uni/ini/ni (ny, y)
j: puec yau "gi" trak (nng) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "Juai" (ng, thi)
k: puec yau "k/c" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "Jaka" (Jaka)
kh: puec yau "kh" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "akhar" (ch)
l: puec yau "l" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "hala" (l)
m: puec yau "m" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "mata" (mt)
mb: puec yau "b" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "mbak" (mn)
n: puec yau "n" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "nai" (c, d)
ny: puec yau "nh"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "nyu" (n, anh/ch y)
nj: puec yau "..." dalam Pagap: "njem" (rau)
o: puec yau "" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "ilimo" (vn ha), pok (bng, b)
p: puec yau "p" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "pok" (bng, b), palei (thn, lng), tapa (qua)
ph: puec yau "ph" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "tarapha" (ci qun)
q:
r: puec yau "r" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: harei (ngy), ra (ngi), kara (ra)
s: puec yau "s" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "saai" (anh), sang (nh), pasang (chng)
t: puec yau "t" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "mata" (mt)
th: puec yau "th" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "thau" (bit)
u: puec yau "u" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "li-u" (da)
v:
w: puec yau "w" dalam sap Englis. Pagap: "wa" (bc)
x-->s
y: puec yau "d/gi" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "yau" (ging, nh l)
z:
_______________________


--


Dom sap paoh/takai akhar dan akhar matai (deng di likuk paabih sa abaoh akhar)
(Nhng du cu vi ch cht (ng cui kt thc 1 ch)
***
1. Akhar matai:
***
c: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "thac" ()
h: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "atah" (xa)
k: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "trak" (nng)
l: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "Awal" (Cham Awal/Bani, sm)
n: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "trun" (xung)
p: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "kitap" (sch)
r: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "wer" (qun)
s: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "manuis" (ngi)
t: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "marat" (c gng)
w: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "naw" = "nao" (i)
y: puec yau dalam Pagap uni: "ley" (i, hi)

***
2. Takai akhar
***
: puec yau ""dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "ank" (con), mank (sinh/), tank (nu)
: puec yau "" dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "Kat" (l hi Kat), tak (sng)
u: puec yau "u"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "manuk" (con g), su-uk (tr li), gru (thy)
ao: puec yau "ao"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "nao" (i), kabao (tru), patao (vua)
ao + akhar matai: puec yau "o+"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "kathaot" (ngho), laor (lo), saong (vi)
ao + w -> aow: puec yau "o"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "lamaow" (con b), pabaow (cu)
ai: puec yau "ai"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "mai" (n), padai (la), girai (rng)
ai + akhar matai: puec yau "e+"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "tadait Saranai" (kn Saranai)
ai + y -> aiy: puec yau "e"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "pabaiy" (con d)
au: puec yau "au"dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "patau" (), rabau (ngn), malau (ngng)
ia: puec yau "i+a" bisamer (cho tht nhanh) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "taphia" (gn), tamia (ma)
ie: puec yau "i+" bisamer (cho tht nhanh) dalam sap Yuen. Pagap: "pieh" (gi, m)
__________


---Ikan di Ram---
_____


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-c

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-@- Kawom cheh Ndom Mayai dalam sap Cam -@-
(http://www.facebook.com/groups/ndom.mayai.sap.Cam)