2 - Circuit Switching - Signaling

CIRCUIT SWITCHING SIGNALING
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Class 1: regional centers Class 1: regional centers Class 2: sectional centers Class 2: sectional centers
Class 3: primary centers
Class 3: primary centers
Class 4: toll centers
Class 4: toll centers
Class 5: local central office Tandem office
Class 5: local central office
Local loops
Local loops
Residential customer
Business customer
Residential customer
Business customer
Local Carrier's Domain of Influence, Intra-LATA
Introduction
LATA Local Access and Transport Area IC Interexchange Carrier
Introduction
Numbering Plan
Numbering Plan - Example
Numbering Plan - Example
Signaling
Intra-exchange signaling (Subscriber Signaling) Inter-exchange signaling (Signaling between exchange)
Exchange
Exchange
Subscriber signaling
Subscriber Signaling
Line Signaling
Line Signaling
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Address Signaling
Address Signaling
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Ringing Signaling
Tones and Announcements
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Tones and Announcements for Supplementary services
Supplementary services

Customer Calling Services Customer Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS)
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Inter-Exchange Signaling
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Inter-Exchange signaling
Channel-Associated inter-exchange Signaling (CAS) per trunk signaling Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
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Channel-Associated Signaling (CAS)
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Channel-Associated Signaling systems:

Bell System multi-frequency (MF) signaling CCITT No. 5 signaling R2 signaling
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Channel-Associated Signaling (CAS) R2/MFC
R2 signaling
Known as multi-frequency compelled (MFC), MFC-R2 or R2 signaling system Can be used on 2-wire analog trunks; 4-wire analog and digital trunks Can not be used on TASI-equiped trunks and trunks carried by satellite transmission systems -->Application of R2 is limited to relative short international trunks Most important difference between R2 and Bell MFC & CCITT No.5 is its register (address) signaling
Supervision signaling on digital trunks
Network (national/international R2 signaling) use E1 for digital trunks
Super-frame consists of 16 consecutive frames, numbered from 0 to 15 For super-frame alignment, bit 1 4 in TS16 of frame 0 are coded 0000 TS16 in frame 1 to 15 carries 4 status bits for the trunks
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Supervision signaling on digital trunks
Supervision signaling for digital international R2 trunks is continuous 2 forward and 3 backward trunk states, represented by bit af, bf and ab, bb respectively Bit c & d are not used and set to 0 and 1
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Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
Common channel signaling, introduced in 1976, was developed as an alternative form of call-control signaling for trunks. In CCS, signaling information is not carried by the individual trunks Signaling network transfer signaling messages between exchange Signaling network consist of:

Signaling Data Link (SDL) Signaling Transfer Point (STP)
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Service Control Point (CSP) and an Operation, Administration & Maintenance (OAM) center also have signaling data links Exchanges can send messages to, and receive messages, from these entities Procedures that involve signaling between an exchange and a SCP, or between an exchange and a OAM center, are known as transactions
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An SCPs in a network support Intelligent Network (IN).
These services require information that can not be store in a exchange conveniently
The OAM centers allow centralized operation, administration and maintenance of the network, example
Transaction in which OAM center requests an exchange to test a particular trunk to report the test results Transactions enable the OAM centers to verify and change subscriber and routing data that stored in the exchanges.
1st generation of CCS was introduced in 1970s
Common Channel Interoffice Signaling (CCIS), defined by Bell System Signaling system No. 6, defined by CCITT
2nd generation: Signaling System 7 (SS7)
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Common Channel Signaling (CCS) SS7
SS7 Hierarchy
Organized in 4-level Hierarchy
OSI Model Application Signalling System 7 O&MAP TCAP Presentation Protocol Name Operations Maintenance Application Part (O&MAP) Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) Description/Function O&MAP provides standards for routing and management of messages related to network operations and maintenance TCAP provides standards for routing and management of noncircuit related information for transaction processing applications requiring out-of-band signalling SCCP provides standards for routing and management of signalling messages. Not related to call set-up between switches. A connectionoriented service providing reliable message delivery MTP provides standards for routing of signalling messages between switches. A connectionless, datagram service Another term for the combination of the SCCP and the MTP3
Session
Transport
Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP) SSCP
Network
Datalink
MTP
Message Transfer Part (MTP)
Physical Network Service Part (NSP)
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Common channel Signaling SS7
Message Transfer Part (MTP) this protocol provides message transfer services for its user
Divided into 3 parts: MTP1, MTP2, MTP3, that occupy level 1, 2 and 3 of SS7 hierarchy A MTP user passes its outgoing messages to and receives its incoming messages from the MTP3 at its signaling point A signaling has one MTP3 A combination of MTP1 & 2 represents a signaling link at a signaling point A signaling point that terminates n signaling links has n of these combinations
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Telephone User Part (TUP)

MTP user Protocol for telephony call control and for trunk maintenance MTP user Protocol for call control and trunk maintenance procedures in both the telephone network and the ISDN MTP user Provide functions for the transfer of messages that are not trunk-related Its users are ISUP and TCAP
Integrated Service User Part (ISUP)

Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

Transaction Capability Application Part (TCAP)
Transactions are operation that are not related to individual trunks and involve 2 signaling point TCAP protocol provides standard interface to TC-user (functions at signaling point) TCAP is a user of SCCP
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2 - Circuit Switching - Signaling

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CIRCUIT SWITCHING SIGNALING

Class 3: primary centers

Class 3: primary centers

Class 4: toll centers

Class 4: toll centers

Class 5: local central office Tandem office

Class 5: local central office

Local Carrier's Domain of Influence, Intra-LATA

LATA Local Access and Transport Area IC Interexchange Carrier

Numbering Plan - Example

Numbering Plan - Example

Intra-exchange signaling (Subscriber Signaling) Inter-exchange signaling (Signaling between exchange)

Customer Calling Services Customer Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS)

Channel-Associated Signaling systems:

Bell System multi-frequency (MF) signaling CCITT No. 5 signaling R2 signaling

Supervision signaling on digital trunks

Network (national/international R2 signaling) use E1 for digital trunks

Supervision signaling on digital trunks

Signaling Data Link (SDL) Signaling Transfer Point (STP)

An SCPs in a network support Intelligent Network (IN).

1st generation of CCS was introduced in 1970s

2nd generation: Signaling System 7 (SS7)

Organized in 4-level Hierarchy

Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP) SSCP

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

Physical Network Service Part (NSP)

Telephone User Part (TUP)

Integrated Service User Part (ISUP)

Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)

Transaction Capability Application Part (TCAP)

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