LUN VN TT NGHIP

B GIO DC V O TO

Tp.HCM.
THNG
3 - 2000
I HC QUC GIA THNH
PH H
CHMINH
TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT
KHOA IN
BO MON IEN T

TI :

KHO ST H THNG GHP KNH, LUNG 2 . . . 140MBIT/S

SIEMENS

GVHD

: H VN CU

SVTH

: NGUYN C HNG

LP
MSSV

: 95K
: 95101286

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH
TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.HCM
KHOA IN
B MN IN T

LUN VN TT NGHIP

TI : KHO ST H THNG GHP KNH, LUNG 2

140MBIT/S SIEMENS

Gio vin hng dn : H VN CU

Sinh vin thc hin : NGUYN C HNG
Lp
: 95K

Tp.H CH MINH.Thng 3-2000

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i Hc Quc Gia Tp.Hcm

Vit Nam
Trng i hc S phm K thut
Hnh phc
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
--------oOo---------------oOo--------

Cng Ha X Hi Ch Ngha
c lp - T do -

KHOA : IN
B MN : IN T

NGHIP

NHIM V LUN VN TT

H v tn :

Kha
: .

Ngnh : .

1. u lun vn :

2. C s ban u :

3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton :

4. Cc bn v v th :

5. Cc b phn hng dn :
Phn
H v tn cn b

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6. Ngy giao nhim v :

7. Ngy hon thnh nhim v :

Thng qua b mn
Ngy thng
nm 2000
Cn b hng dn
Ch nhim b
mn

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Li cm t
Sinh vin thc hin xin chn thnh cm n :
- Thy H VN CU, ngi tn tnh Hng dn em trong qu trnh
thc hin ti ny.
- Khoa IN trng i hc S phm K thut Tp.HCM gip , to
mi iu kin thun li cho em trong qu trnh thc hin ti.
- Tt c cc THY C v ang cng tc ti trng i hc S phm
K thut Tp.HCM cng tt c bn b tn tnh gip v ch bo em
trong sut thi gian hc tp ti trng v c kin ng gp v gip
em xy dng v hon thnh tp n ny.
Sinh vin thc hin

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Li m u
Trong thi i ngy nay, vin thng v cc ng dng ca n khng cn xa
l vi chng ta. Nhu cu v thng tin tr thnh mt trong nhng vn
thit yu i vi hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii.
Trong xu hng pht trin ca nuc ta hin nay, ngnh Bu Chnh Vin
Thng lun c u tin pht trin v l mt trong s nhng ngnh pht trin
mnh m nht. Ngnh phi kp thi nm bt cc k thut mi v tin tin trn
th gii, nng cao kh nng v cht lng ca h thng, lp t nhiu trm
vin thng v hon thin ha h thng s trn ton mng . Nhm p ng
c nhu cu thng tin ca c nc. V th vic ch trng n h thng
truyn dn cng c a ln u tin hng u. Hin nay, Siemen l mt
trong nhng hng vin thng hng u trn th gii, cc thit b ca hng
ang c s dng rng ri trn khp cc tnh thnh trong c nc. H thng
truyn dn ca Siemen theo tiu chun ca Chu u c u im cao v phn
cp ghp knh, lung trong mng truyn dn.
Trc xu hng , cng vi s phn cng ca b mn in t v s tn tnh
gip ca gio vin hng dn , em tin hnh kho st h thng thit b
ghp knh, lung 2Mbit/s 140Mbit/s ca hng Siemen vi mong mi nm
bt c nhng vn nn tng, ct li cng nh cch thc khai thc v hot
ng ca h thng. Do y l ln u tin thm nhp vo mt lnh vc mi
nn sai st l iu khng trnh khi. Em rt mong c s gp ca qu thy
c v ca cc bn.
Ngy 18 thng 3 nm 2000
Sinh vin thc hin

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MC LC
Chng 1: NGUYN L H THNG GHP KNH
S
1.1 Ghp knh phn thi gian TDM
1.2 Nguyn l h thng ghp knh s
1.3 Phng php ghp knh s
1.4 Ghp knh s cp
1.5 Vn ng b
1.6 Ghp knh cp cao

1
2
3
4
8
9

Chng 2: NG CP GHP KNH S CN NG

B PDH
2.1 Cu trc khung thi gian trong h thng
ghp knh s.
13
2.2 H thng phn cp ghp knh s cn ng b
PDH.
16
2.3 Phn bit cp cp ghp knh PDH.
19
2.4 u nhc im ca h thng ghp knh PDH.
19
2.5 So snh PDH v SDH.
20
Chng 3: THIT B GHP KNH S DSMX 2/34C
3.1 S khi chc nng v hot ng ca thit
b
ghp knh DSMX 2/34C
23
3.2 S mt my
25
3.3 Card pht trong thit b ghp knh s
DSMX 2/34C
25
3.4 Mch giao tip ng vo 2Mbit/s
31
3.5 Khi ghp lung
31
3.6 Khi giao tip 34Mbit/s
31

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3.7 Card thu trong thit b DSMX 2/34C

32
3.8 Khi phn lung
34
3.9 Mch giao tip ng ra 2Mbit/s
35
3.10 Ci t DIL-SWITCHES, DIP-FIX
trong card thu
35
3.11 c tnh k thut ca thit b DSMX 2/34C
36
3.12 Card cung cp ngun cho card pht v card
thu
37
3.13 B tr cp v kim tra lung 2Mbit/s,
34Mbit/s
40
Chng 4: THIT B GHP KNH S DSMX
34/140C
4.1 Gii thiu tng qut
43
4.2 Phn tch s khi thit b ghp knh s
DSMX 34/140C
45
4.3 Card chuyn i in p
47
4.4 Mch x l lung s 34Mbit/s ng vo
51
4.5 Mch ghp lung s 34Mbit/s ti ng vo
51
4.6 Mch ghp lung
52
4.7 Mch phn lung
52
4.5 Mch x l lung s 34Mbit/s ti ng ra
53
4.9 Ci t DIP-FIX trn card DSMX 34/140C 53
4.10 Cc tiu chun k thut
54
4.11 B tr cp v kim tra lung 34Mbit/s,
140Mbit/s
56
Chng 5: NG DNG- KHAI THC V BO QUN
THIT B
5.1 ng dng
5.2 Kt ni trong h thng
5.3 Khai thc v bo dng cc thit b

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60
66
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Chng 1: NGUYN L H THNG GHP

KNH S
1.1 Ghp knh phn thi gian TDM : (time devison
multipexing)
Khi c hai tn hiu tng t tr ln c truyn dn trn mt
knh thng tin, ta thng s dng mt trong hai phng php sau
lin kt hai hay nhiu tn hiu ring l ny li vi nhau .

1.1.1 Ghp knh phn tn s:

Cc tn hiu c x l sao cho chim cc khong tn s ring
trong di tn nhng u c truyn i trong cng mt thi gian.
Hay ni cch khc l cc tn hiu c truyn i ng thi nhng
tn s c chuyn i .

1.1.2 Ghp knh phn thi gian:

Khi k thut truyn dn tn hiu analog pht trin n phng
php truyn tn hiu ri rc PAM th k thut ghp knh chuyn
sang phng php mi l ghp knh theo thi gian. Trong phng
php ny:
* Cc tn hiu c cng tn s nhng c truyn trn knh thng
tin ti cc thi im khc nhau.
* Mi tn hiu analog c ly mu ti cc thi im khc nhau.
Trong h thng TDM c hai vn nh hng n k thut
ghp knh l vn ng b v dung lng ca cc knh.
ng b l ch tiu th nht ca qu trnh ghp knh theo thi
gian. Vic ng b khung cn thit xc nh chnh xc im
bt u ca mt nhm xung mu, ng b bit xc nh chnh xc
cc xung mu trong mi khung. Gii quyt ng b bng cch
ngoi cc xung ri rc PAM ca N knh thoi ngi ta cn truyn
thm cc xung ng b khung, k hiu l F. Xung ng b c
phn bit v khc vi dng xung PAM ca tin tc bng cch to
xung F c bin v(t) > V(PAM) hoc tng rng xung F gp i
rng xung tn hiu.
Vn th hai ca qu trnh ghp knh theo thi gian l dung
lng knh ghp b gii hn bi chu k ly mu T=1/2f (vi f l
bng tn ca tn hiu thoi).
Trong khong mt chu k T ta ghp n xung ca N knh thoi v
mt xung ng b F.
Dung lng knh ghp ph thuc vo rng xung v khong
cch nhn bit gia hai xung.

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1.2 Nguyn l h thng ghp knh s :

1.2.1 Nguyn l :
Ghp knh s da trn nguyn l sau :
Xy dng trn c s ghp knh phn thi gian TDM.
Tn hiu ghp c dng xung PAM hay tn hiu s PCM.
Khi k thut PCM ra i th cc h thng ghp knh TDM chuyn
sang h thng ghp knh s bng cch ghp thm b m ha v
gii m (b m ha l b x l tn hiu t analog sang digital, b
gii m l b bin i tn hiu t digital sang analog).

1.2.2 S nguyn l h thng ghp knh s :

Knh 1
LPF

LPF

Knh N
LPF

LPF

Lun

Ly
m
u

Khuc
h i

Ly
m
u

Khuc
h i

Vn Tt Nghip

Ln
g t
ha

Gi
m
u

Ln
g t
ha

Data out

A/D

Inter
-face
Mux
D/A

A/D
Data in

Gi
m
u

Demu
x

Interface

D/A

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Tn hiu thoi t knh 1 n knh n ln lt qua b Hybrid

sau qua mch lc thng thp LPF gii hn bng tn (0
4Khz). Vic ly mu c thc hin mch ly mu (sampling)
to tn hiu PAM vi tn s ly mu f= 8Khz. Cc tn hiu PAM ny
c a qua mch lng t (quantizing) gn ng ha cc
xung PAM xut hin gn cc mc chun. Sau , tn hiu c
a n b m ha, ti y mi xung PAM s c m ha thnh
mt chui tn hiu s v ln lt c a vo thit b ghp knh
s (Mux) thit b ny s ghp tng chui 8 bit tn hiu s ca N
knh. i vi ng thu, tn hiu thu v di dng s PCM c
a qua b phn knh (Demux) s ln lt phn tng cm 8 bit
a v cc knh tng ng t knh 1 n knh n, t qua b
gii m, b gi mu, b khuch i, b lc thng thp thu li
bng tn ting ni a v cc knh thoi.
Thit b giao tip (Interface) s thc hin vic chuyn i m tn
hiu s thch ng vi m truyn dn.
Ngy nay, cng ngh in t pht trin mnh, h thng ghp
knh s thc hin ghp cc dng bit tn hiu s, tc l mi mt
knh thoi u c mt b m ha v gii m ring bit. Nh vy
qu trnh ghp knh l qu trnh ghp chui tn hiu s.

1.3 Phng php ghp knh s:

c im:
- Da trn c s k thut ghp knh phn thi gian .
- Tn hiu ghp c dng xung PAM hay tn hiu s PCM.
- C b m ha A/D v gii m D/A trong cu trc.
Cc tn hiu s t cc b m ha A/D s c ghp li vi nhau
c truyn dn nh b ghp knh Multiplex.
C hai phng php ghp knh s l phng php ghp xen k
tng bit v phng php ghp xen k tng dng.

1.3.1 Ghp xen k tng bit :(ghp theo xung PAM)

Ch c mt b A/D v D/A cho N knh ghp.
Gi s cc knh thoi tng ng vi chui tn hiu s nh sau :
H thng A c dng tn hiu s : A1 A2 A3An
H thng B c dng tn hiu s : B1 B2 B3Bn
H thng C c dng tn hiu s : C1 C2 C3Cn
B ghp knh theo phng php xen k tng bit s thc hin
ghp cc knh A, B, C thnh chui bit s nh sau :
A1 B1 C1

A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3 An Bn Cn

rng 1 bit trc v sau khi ghp bng nhau. Tuy nhin,
phng php ghp knh ny c mt s nhc im nh :
Khi ghp sai 1 bit th truyn sai i mt khung.

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B gii hn bi s knh thoi, nu s knh thoi cng

nhiu th cng kh thc hin v i hi tc ghp phi cao.
Phng php ny c s dng cho tt c cc h thng c ng
cp ln hn 2Mb/s v khng c dng trong ghp knh c s.
ghp knh c s ngi ta s dng phng php ghp knh xen k
tng dng.
1.3.2 Ghp xen k tng dng: (ghp theo chui bit s)
c im:
S dng mt mch A/D hay D/A ring bit cho tng knh.
Khi tn hiu thoi i qua b m ha A/D s to thnh mt
dng tn hiu s c n bit.
Ghp theo phng php xen k tng dng s ghp tng cm n
bit ca tng knh ln lt vo trong mt khung. Ta c th biu
din phng php ny nh sau :
H thng A c dng tn hiu s : A1 A2 A3 An
H thng B c dng tn hiu s : B1 B2 B3 Bn
H thng C c dng tn hiu s : C1 C2 C3 Cn
B ghp knh theo phng php xen k tng dng s thc hin
ghp cc knh A, B, C thnh chui bit s nh sau :
A1 A2 A 3
B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C3
An
Bn
Cn
Nh vy, rng ca mt dng tng ng vi mt knh l
F1=125/N
rng xung ca mt bit l : t=125/N.n
Nhn xt :
Phng php ny vn gi c cu trc cc bit tn hiu ca
tng knh trn ng truyn. Vic ng b d thc hin.
Phng php ny c chn ghp knh s cp v c tc
ghp chm. Tuy nhin, quyt nh tc truyn dn th phi
la chn s lng bit trn mt dng cho thch hp.

1.4 Ghp knh s cp :

H thng ghp knh s cp c hai phn cp :
- Phn cp ghp 24 knh (PCM 24) c tc truyn dn l
1544Kb/s ca Bc M v Nht Bn.
- Phn cp ghp 32 knh (PCM 32) c tc truyn dn l
2048Kb/s ca Chu u.

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1.4.1 H thng PCM 24 (USA & JAPAN)

H thng PCM 24 knh
Chanel
1
Chanel
2
Chanel
24

1
2
MULT
PCM24
24

1,544Mbit/s
HDB3 out
1,544Mbit/s
HDB3 in

H thng ghp knh PCM Bc m v Nht s dng cc t m 8

bit v lng t theo quy lut =225, tc truyn dn ca h
thng l 1544Kb/s v c th c s dng nh lung bit u vo
ghp cc lung bit cp cao hn.
Cu trc khung PCM 24 c phn b nh sau :

1 Fram = 125s = 193bit

T TS1

TS2

TS24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Khung PCM 24 c 24 khe thi gian (24 time slot) cho php ghp
24 knh thoi. V 24 knh thoi ring bit c kt hp trong mt
khung v mi mt knh u c ly mu, lng t v m ha
to ra t m 8 bit, nn trong mt khung s c 24.8 = 192 bit
data. Mt khc, cung cp tn hiu ng b khung, ngi ta
dng thm mt bit ng b gi l bit T (bit u tin trong khung).
Do vy, trong mt khung 125s s c 193 bit gm 192 bit data
v mt bit ng b khung.
Trong thc t, h thng v qun l s ng b ca h thng,
ngi ta ghp nhiu khung li vi nhau to thnh mt a
khung (Multifram). T m ng b khung c cu trc bi cc bit
u tin ca mi khung mt s khung nht nh.
Vic to ra
cu trc a khung cng lm ny sinh vn l khi xy ra mt
ng b khung th cng mt lun c ng b a khung . Cc bit

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ca hai loi ng b khung v ng b a khung c t xen k

gia cc khung k tip nhau.
Trong h thng ghp knh PCM 24. a khung c cu trc
gm12 khung lin tip t F1 n F12, trong :
- T m ng b a khung l 101010 t cc khung l.
- T m ng b a khung l 00111S t cc khung chn.

F1

12 Fram = 12.125s = 1,5ms

F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

A
1

B
0

0
0

Trong :
- Bit S l tn hiu cnh bo h thng (alarm signal)
S= 0 h thng ng b khng cnh bo.
S= 1 h thng cnh bo mt ng b khung.
Ngoi ra, cc thng tin bo hiu cng c truyn i ch th
cc chc nng nh nhc t hp, gii ta
- Bit th 8 trong khung 6 v khung 12 (bit A v B) c tch ra t
lung s liu mang tin to ra knh bo hiu 1333bit/s hoc hai
knh bo hiu l 667bit/s.
Tc truyn ca h thng PCM 24 :
- Tn s ly mu f=8000Hz. Mi mt mu biu din bi 8bit, do
tc truyn dn ca mt knh l 8000.8bit = 64000bit/s =
64Kbit/s.
- Tc truyn dn ca h thng PCM 24 l 1544Kbit/s.

1.4.2 H thng PCM 32 (Chu u):

B ghp 30 knh PCM

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Chanel
1
Chanel
2
Chanel 30

1
2
MULT
PCM
30
30

2,048Mbit/s
2M Tx out
2048Mbit/s
2M Rx in

Thit b ghp knh PCM 32 ca Chu u hot ng vi tc

2048Kb/s, lng t theo quy lut A(13 on) vi A=87,6 v s
mc lng t l 256.
Cu trc khung PCM 32 gm 32 khe thi gian (TS0 -> TS31) ghp
30 knh thoi, 1 knh bo hiu v 1 knh ng b.
Cu trc khung c phn b nh sau:

TS0

1 Fram = 125s = 256bit

TS16

TS31

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Mt fram di 125s cha32 khe thi gian (32TS). Trong :

TS0 : truyn tn hiu ng b khung.
- i vi khung l (khung 1,3,5, ) tn hiu ng b khung c
dng X0011011. Trong bit X c dng kim tra d chu
trnh nu cn, hoc dng cho quc t.
- i vi cc khung chn (khung 2, 4, 6, ) tn hiu ng b
khung c dng X1B3X1X2X3X4X5. Vi:
+ Bit X : khng nm trong t m ng b khung m dng cho
quc t (nu khng s dng th bt 1 ca khe thi gian TS0 ca
khung l v khung chn u c n nh mc 1).
+ Bit th 2 : lun n nh mc1 phng s phng to
ng b khung.
+ Bit th 3 : l bit ch th cnh bo (mc 1 cnh bo, mc 0
khng cnh bo).

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+ Cc bit th 4 n bit th 8 : l cc bit d tr cho quc gia v

khng dng cho quc t. Khi h thng s dng trn mng quc
t, cc bit ny s mc 1.
TS16 : truyn tn hiu bo hiu, (khe thi gian ny cung cp 1
knh bo hiu 64Kb/s), trong :
- Bn bit u t bit 1 n bit th 4 truyn tn hiu chung n
caknh thoi th i (i=1 15).
- Bn bit sau (t bit 5 n bit 8) truyn tn hiu chung n
ca knh thoi th i+15.
TS1 TS15 & TS17 TS31 : truyn 30 knh tn hiu thoi.
Tc ly mu : 8000Hz .
T m PCM 8 bit.
Tc truyn dn 1 knh : 64Kbit/s.
Tc truyn dn ca h thng : 2048Kbit/s.
phi hp v lun phin kim sot s ng b ca h thng,
ta ghp nhiu khung li vi nhau to thnh 1 a khung. Trong
h thng PCM 32, a khung l tp hp lin tip 16 khung, k hiu
t F0 n F15, trong khe thi gian th 16 (TS16) trong mi
khung c phn b nh sau :
- Khung F0 : TS16 truyn tn hiu ng b a khung.
- Khung F1 : TS16 truyn tn hiu bo gi ca knh 1 v knh
16.
- Khung F2 : TS16 truyn tn hiu bo gi ca knh 2 v knh
17.

- Khung F15 : TS16 truyn tn hiu bo gi ca knh 15 v

knh 30.
Tn hiu ng b a khung c 8 bit t bit 1 n bit 8 c dng
00001DN1. Trong D v N l hai bit biu din cnh bo khi xy
ra mt ng b.
DN = 01 : h thng khng cnh bo (nomal).
DN = 10 : h thng cnh bo khn cp (urgent alarm).
Mt a khung ca h thng PCM 32 c 16 khung, di ca
mt a khung l 125s.16 = 2ms.
Trong mt a khung, tn hiu chung n ca mi knh thoi
c ghp vo. Do , trong mt chu k ghp tn hiu chung n
s l 2ms, tng ng vi tn s l f=1/2ms = 1000/2 = 500Hz.

1.5 Vn ng b:
ng b mt tuyn truyn dn s c thc hin nh tch
thng tin t mt lung bit s. Mun cho thit b u cui c th
tch chnh xc lung bit n thnh cc knh cn phi nhn dng
chnh xc khe thi gian n. Khi lung bit c s c s lm mt t
m ng b khung.

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1.5.1 ng b a khung :
Khi bo hiu knh kt hp th t m ng b khung l 0000
ghp vo khong bit 1 n bit 4 ca khe thi gian TS16 ca khung
F0. iu ny c ngha l c 16 khung th mt t m xut hin di
dng cm v khng phn b ri rc cc khung nh trong h
thng PCM 24.
ng b a khung xem nh mt khi thu 2 tn hiu ng b a
khung lin tip c 1 li. V trong mt chu k 1 hoc 2 a khung
lin tip tt c cc bit trong khe thi gian TS16 u trng thi 0.
iu kin th hai ny trnh ng b a khung gi.
ng b a khung xem nh phc hi ngay khi tn hiu ng b
a khung chnh xc u tin c pht hin, v khi t nht 1 bit
trong khe TS16 c mc logic 1 ng trc ng b a khung
c pht hin ln u.

1.5.2 ng b khung:
Tn hiu ng b khung chim khe thi gian TS0 ca cc khung
chn F0, F2 . TS0 :
- Bit th 2 v bit th 8 ng u v cui t m ng b
khung.
- Bit th nht khng nm trong t m ng b khung m s
dng cho quc t.
- Bit th 2 lun mc 1 phng s phng to ng b
khung.
- Bit th 3 ch th cnh bo (khi = 1 th cnh bo).
- Cc bit th 4 n bit th 8 lbit s dng cho quc gia v khi
h thng s dng trn mng quc t, bit th 4 n bit th 8
s mc 1.
ng b khung xem nh b mt khi thu 3 hoc 4 tn hiu ng
b khung lin tip c li .
ng b khung xem nh c phc hi ngay khi tn hiu ng
b khung chnh xc c pht hin, nhng trong khung tip thu
(khung l) vng mt n.

1.6 Ghp knh cp cao :

1.6.1 Nguyn l l ghp knh cp cao :
gii quyt vn dung lng truyn qua h thng truyn
tin, cc hng sn xut thit b xy dng k thut ghp knh
theo tng cp v nng dn ln cp cao hn .
Nguyn l ghp knh s cp cao l thc hin vic ghp xen k
tng bit, bn cnh chui tn hiu ng b v gim rng xung
ca cc h thng s cp.
Nguyn l ghp knh c biu din nh sau :
Gi s t m ca h thng ghp knh s cp c dng
H thng A c dng tn hiu s : A1 A2 A3 An

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 21

H thng B c dng tn hiu s : B1 B2 B3 Bn

H thng C c dng tn hiu s : C1 C2 C3 Cn
H thng D c dng tn hiu s : D1 D2 D3 Dn
T m ca h thng ghp knh cp cao c dng :
A1 A2 A3
An
B1 B2 B3
Bn
C1 C2 C3
Cn
D1 D2 D3
Dn

t
Multiple
x
A1 B1 C1 D1

Trong khong thi gian t h thng s cp truyn ht 1 bit th

h thng ghp knh s cp cao truyn ht 4 bit ca 4 h s cp.
V y :
rng 1 bit ca h thng ghp knh cp cao l: t/4, nhng
thc hin ng b, h thng ghp knh cp cao hn lun phi
to ra cc t m ng b h thng. Do thi gian ( rng
xung ca h thng ghp knh s cp cao) lun nh hn t s t/4,
ngha l < t/4.

1.6.2 Cc phng php chn bit trong h thng ghp

knh cp cao:
Ghp knh cp cao thng hot ng theo kiu khng ng b,
cc tn hiu ghp lin quan n qu trnh phc tp hn, l
chn. Trong , tc bit ca cc nhnh khc nhau c ghp
vi nhau mt cch thch hp vi ng h thit b ghp.

1.6.3 Hin tng cn ng b trong h thng ghp

knh cp cao:
Gi s lung d liu S c tc fs i n b thu D. B thu c tn
s c l fr. hai tn hiu fs v fr v mt l thuyt phi bng nhau,
nhng trong thc t v fs v fr c to ra nhng ni khc nhau
nn chng c s chnh lch. Hin tng ny s lm cho b thu D
thu 1 bit 2 ln (trong 1 khong thi gian) nu fr > fs hoc ngc li
b thu D s mt bit.
V y :
Hin tng cn ng b l hin tng m nhng tn hiu s c
tc ng h danh nh ging nhau, nhng chng c th c tc
khc nhau trong khong dung sai. gii quyt hin tng
ny, ngi ta a ra k thut chn.
nh ngha chn ca CCITT :

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Trang 22

 Theo khuyn ngh G.701. Chn c xem l qu trnh thay i

tc xung ca tn hiu s mc iu khin cho ph hp vi
tc xung vn c ca n m khng lm mt thng tin.

1.6.4 Chn dng:(m xung dng)

Chn dng xy ra khi khe thi gian ca tn hiu ghp
nhanh hn tc bit a vo tng cng.
Gi s tc bit ca u ra b ghp l f(Kb/s). Trong h thu
chn dng, tc bit u ra b ghp F thng cao hn tng
tc ghp cc i ca cc nhnh vo (v c chn cc bit
nghip v ).
Do ta c: F > 4f
- Trong h thng chn dng, s khc nhau v tc bit (hoc v
tn s ng h ghp) v tn hiu u vo c c trng bi s
thay i pha trong mt n v thi gian ca mt tn hiu lin quan
n mt tn hiu khc. Nu xem tn hiu ghp l tn hiu chun th
tn hiu vo s dch chuyn lin tc ngc vi tn hiu ny. S
dch chuyn xy ra lin tc cho n khi h thng xc nh rng
di v yu cu chn. Ti im ny mt thng bo s c gi
n u cui thu nh cc xung dch v chn thng bo cho
u thu bit rng khe thi gian c chn. Khi thu c thng
bo v lung thng tin, u thu s xa khe thi gian chn ra khi
tn hiu tn hiu thu v gi li tn hiu d liu.
- khc phc vn li knh truyn dn nh hung n bit
dch v chn v sinh ra xa nhm hoc ghp d thng tin trong
mt khe thi gian ti u thu (iu ny c th gy ra li v c kh
nng mt ng b khung), cc bit dch v chn c pht i l
mt dy cc s 0 hoc cc s 1 (tng s cc bit l s l). Khi xy
ra sai lch trong truyn dn s th a s xung trong tng s xung
s quyt nh.
V d :
Tng s bit iu khin l 3 th :
- Khi c chn, cc bt iu khin l 111 v l 000 khi khng
chn .
- Khi sai lch 1 trong 3 xung th a s xung cn li s a ra
quyt nh.
C th nh sau :
- Nu ti u thu nhn c 110 s chuyn thnh 111 tc l
c chn.
- Nu ti u thu nhn c 100 s chuyn thnh 000 v kt
qu l khng chn.
-

1.6.5 Chn m : (m xung m)

- Trong trng hp khe thi gian ca tn hiu ghp chm hn tc
bit ca cc s liu a vo tng cng s xy ra chn m. Nh
vy, u thu khng b mt bit, phi chuyn cc bit ny n

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Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 23

hng thu nh phng tin ring. u thu, cc bit ny s c

chn vo v tr ca n trong lung bit.
- Chn m c thc hin nh truyn c hai du hiu ca tn hiu
iu khin m mt bit c xen vo hay khng xen vo cng vi
khe thi gian b xung n u xa ca nhnh.
Tuy nhin, trong h thng thc t thng mt xung c xa i
t lung bit thu i vo b ghp. iu ny cho php tn s ng h
thp hn ca thit b tip nhn s liu khng mt bit.
nh ngha ca CCITT v chn m la :
Phng php chn s dng cc khe thi gian truyn tn hiu
s c tc lun thp hn tc bit ca tn hiu gc. Cc xung b
xa t lung bt ny c truyn i nh phng tin ring ( l
khe thi gian c nh trong cu trc khung tn hiu pht) n u
xa xen vo, ngc li thng tin to iu kin d dng cho vic
phc hi cc xung xa c truyn i nh cc xung dch v
chn.

1.6.6 Chn m, chn khng m v chn dng :

-

Do cc ngun ng h chy c lp vi nhau nn c tnh

trng cc khe thi gian trong thit b ghp dng truyn tn
hiu s c tc bit c th cao hn, bng hoc thp hn tc
bit ca tn hiu s gc. iu ny c ngha l phi kt hp
c hai phng php chn dng v chn m.
Khi chn dng, cc khe thi gian chn c to ra trong
cu trc khung tn hiu hp thnh. Khung ny truyn hoc
khng truyn thng tin t tn hiu gc ty thuc vo tc
xung tng i ca tn hiu hp thnh v tn hiu gc .
Khi chn m, mt phng tin ring truyn cc bit b xa
c xp xp v cc khung dch v chn c dng cung
cp thng tin gip cho vic phc hi cc xung b xa.

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Trang 24

Chng 2 : NG CP GHP KNH S

CN NG B PDH
2.1 Cu trc khung thi gian trong h thng ghp
knh s :
2.1.1 Cu trc khung cp 2 :8448Kbps
Khi I
1
10

1
1

Khi II

12 13
212

1
4

5
212

Khi III
1
4

5
212

Khi IV
1
4

5
212

8 9

JT
TB(200 JS TB(208b
b)
)

JS

TB(208b
)

JS

T
B

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
N
0 D
TB: bit d liu
JS : bit dch v chn
JT : bit chn hay bit d
liu

Tn hiu ng b
khung

bit
dch
v

Tc bit :
8448Kbit/s
S bit trn mt khung :
848 bit
S khi trn mt khung : 4 khi
S bit trn mt khi :
212 bit
S bit d liu trn mt khung :
820824 bit
di khung :
100,38s

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Trang 25

- Tc bit chn :
4,23Kbit/s
Trong cu trc khung cp 2, mt khung c chia thnh 4 khi
(block), mi khi gm mt nhm cc bit dch v, v cc lung tin
ca cc lung nhnh s.
+ Trong khi 1 :
- Bit 1 n bit 10 l 10 bit ng b khung 1111010000
- Bit 11 l bit cnh bo, c truyn n thit b ghp i
phng khi pht hin c s c trong h thng thit b ghp, khi
cnh bo th bit ny = 1.
- Bit 12 dnh cho quc gia, v = 1 khi h thng s dng trn
mng quc t.
- Bit 13 n bit 212 l 200 bit data do 4 lung 2048Kb/s ghp ln
lt xen k hnh thnh.
+ Trong khi 2 v khi 3 :
- T bit 1 n bit 4 l 4 bit ch th chn.
- T bit 5 n bit 212 l 208 bit data.
+ Trong khi 4 :
- Bit 1 n bit 4 l cc bit ch th chn.
- Bit 5 n bit 8 l cc bt xen vo phc v mng.
- Bit 9 n bit 212 l204 bit data.
Cu trc khung trn cho php ghp c 820 bit data ca 4 h
thng PCM 32 v 26 bit ng b v bit chn trong khong thi
gian 100,38s. Nh vy fram k tip s tip tc ghp cc bit cn
li.

2.1.2 Cu trc khung cp 3 : 34368Kbps

4.385 = 1536 bit

Khi II
Khi III

Khi I
1
10

1
1

12 13
384

1
4

5
384

1
4

5
384

JS

TB(380b
)

Khi IV
1
4

5
384

8 9

JT
TB(372 JS TB(380b
b)
)

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

JS

TB

TB: bit d liu

JS : bit dch v chn
JT : bit chn hay bit d Trang 26
liu

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

N
0 D

Tn hiu ng b
khung

bit
dch
v

Tc bit :
34368Kbps
S bit trn mt khung : 1536 bit
S khi trn mt khung : 4khi
S bit trn mt khi :
384bit
S bit d liu trn mt khung :
15081512bit
di khung:
44,69s
Tc chn :
9,75Kbit/s

Phn b th t cc bit trong cc khi nh sau :

+ Trong khi 1 :
- Bit 1 -> bit 10 l 10 bit dng truyn t m ng b khung
c dng 111010000
- Bit th 11 l bit cnh bo (cnh bo = 1, khng cnh bo = 0).
- Bit th 12 dnh cho quc gia, nhng c gi tr = 1 trn tuyn
quc t.
- Bit th 13 -> 384 l cc bit data.
+ Trong khi 2,3,4 :
- Bit 1 -> 4 l cc bit iu khin chn : khi chn dng th trong
khung tip theo, t m 111 c truyn i cho nhnh tng
ng mt ln na, nu khng yu cu chn th 000 c truyn
i.
+ Trong khi 4:
- Bit 5 -> 8 l cc bit chn hay cc bit data.
- Bit 9 -> 348 ghp cc bit data.

2.1.3 Cu trc khung cp 4 :139,264Mbit/s

Khung cp 4 ghp 4 lung tn hiu s c tc 34368Kbit/s s
dng chn dng c cu trc nh hnh v :

6.488 = 2928 bit

Khi I

Lun

Khi II

Vn Tt Nghip

Khi III

Khi IV

Khi V

Khi VI

Trang 27

1
12

13 17
1 5
1 5
16 488 4 488 4 488

1
4

5 488 1
4

5 4881
4

5
488

8 9

JT
TB

JS TB

JS

TB

JS

TB

JS TB

JS

TB

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 DN Y1 Y2
TB: bit d liu
JS : bit dch v chn
JT : bit chn hay bit d liu bit
Tn hiu ng b
dch
khung
v
1

Tc bit :
139264Kbps
S bit trn mt khung :
2928 bit
S khi trn mt khung : 6khi
S bit trn mt khi :
488bit
S bit d liu trn mt khung :
28882892bit
- di khung:
21,03s
- Tc chn :
19,93Kbit/s
Cu trc khung chia lm 6 khi, s bit trn mi khi c phn
b nh sau :
-

+ Trong khi 1 :
- Bit 1 -> 12 dng truyn cm t m ng b khung
111110100000.
- Bit 13 dng ch th cnh bo cho thit b ghp u xa khi c
s c, xy ra trong thit b ghp (khi cnh bo th bit ny = 1).
- Bit 14 -> 16 dnh cho quc gia v c trng thi = 1 khi dnh
cho quc t.

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Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 28

- Bit 17 -> 488 l cc bit data.

+ Trong khi 2, 3,4 , 5 :
- Bit 1 -> 4 s dng iu khin chn hoc l cc bit dch v :
Khi mt bit chn dng cn c truyn i trong khung tip
theo th 1111 c pht i, khi khng chn th 0000 c pht
i.
- Bit 5 -> 488 dng ghp cc tn hiu d liu.
+ Trong khi 6 :
- Bit 1 -> 4 l cc bit iu khin chn.
- Bit 5 -> 8 l cc bit dch v hay l cc bit data.
- Bit 9 -> 488 l cc bit data.

2.2 H thng phn cp ghp knh s cn ng b

PDH:
Trong k thut truyn dn c hai ch tiu quan trng l :
Cht lng thng tin c truyn i.
Dung lng (s knh truyn dn qua h thng).
Da trn ch tiu v dung lng, khuyn ngh G702 ca CCITT
xc nh :
Phn cp ghp knh s l mt lot cc b ghp knh s (gm
b ghp v b tch) phn cp ph hp vi dung lng ghp ti 1
cp. Cp ny kt hp vi mt s lng nht nh cc tn hiu s
c tc quy nh trc, tc ny s dng cho s kt hp thm
vi cc tn hiu s khc c cng tc trong ni b ghp knh s
ca cp ghp cp cao hn tip theo
Theo nh ngha trn ca CCITT, da trn c s tn hiu m tn
c bin i thnh tn hiu PCM v trn c s ca ghp knh
phn thi gian TDM, trn th gii hin nay, ngi ta h thng tiu
chun ghp knh cp cao PDH c 5 cp v c 3 tiu chun khc
nhau nh sau :
Tiu chun ghp knh PDH ca Chu u.
- Tiu chun ghp knh PDH ca Bc M.
Tiu chun ghp knh PDH ca Nht Bn.

2.2.1 H thng Chu u :

H thng ghp knh cp cao ca Chu u c thc hin ghp
theo tng bc nhy vi c s 4.
- Cp ghp u tin x l 30 knh, mi knh l 64Kbps cng vi
128Kbps t m (cho bo hiu ng b) to lung d liu ni
tip 2,048Mbps (lung E1).
- Cp ghp th 2 nhn 4 lung E1 cng vi 256Kbps t m to
lung d liu ni tip 8,44Mbps (lung E2). Trong gm 120
knh.

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Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 29

- Cp ghp th 3 nhn 4 lung E2 cng vi 567Kbps t m to

lung d liu ni tip 34,368bps (lung E3). Trong gm 480
knh.
- Cp ghp th t nhn 4 lung E3 cng vi 1,792Mbps t m
to lung d liu ni tip 139,264Mbps (lung E4). Trong
gm 1920 knh.
- Cp ghp th 5 nhn 4 lung E4 ghp thnh lung s E5 c tc
564,992Mbps tng ng vi 7680 knh thoi.
H thng ny c u im l ng b cao, phn cp r rng,
dung lng tng cao v c c quan thng tin quc t CCITT
chn lm tiu chun chung cho quc t.
Tuy nhin, h thng ghp knh s mc 5 vi dung lng 7680
knh hin nay cn ang th nghim v tc truyn dn
564,992Mbps i hi bng thng thit b rng mi truyn ti
c.

2.2.2 H thng Bc M:
H thng ghp knh cp cao khi Bc M cng c 5 cp, c
xy dng t h thng cp thp hnh thnh nn h thng cp cao
hn.
- Cp ghp u tin x l 24 knh, mi knh 64Kbps cng vi
8Kbps t m to lung d liu ni tip 1,554Mbps (lung T1).
- Cp ghp th 2 nhn 4 lung T1 cng vi 136Kbps t m to
lung d liu ni tip 6,312Mbps (lung T2). Trong gm 96
knh.
- Cp ghp th 3 nhn 7 lung T2 cng vi 552Kbps t m to
lung d liu ni tip 44,736Mbps (lung T3). Trong gm
672 knh.
- Cp ghp th t nhn 6 lung T3 cng vi 5,67Mbps t m to
lung d liu ni tip 274,174Mbps (lung T4). Trong gm
4032 knh.

2.2.3 H thng Nht Bn :

H thng ca Nht ging h thng Bc M hai cp ghp u.
- Cp ghp th 3 nhn 5 lung 6,312Mbps cng vi 504Kbps t
m to lung d liu ni tip 32,046Mbps. Trong gm 480
knh.
Cp ghp th t nhn 3 lung 32,046Mbps cng vi
1,536Mbps t m to lung d liu ni tip 97,728Mbps. Trong
gm 1440 knh.
H thng ny ch yu dng trong mng nng thn.

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 30

Cc h thng ghp knh theo tiu

chun Chu u, Bc M v Nht Bn :

2,048Mbp
s

8,448Mbp
s

34,368Mbp
E 1
s
2.3 Phn bit cpEghp
PDH139,264Mbp
:
1 knh
3
1
564,992Mb
1 s
E
0
Tiu Lut Cc c 2
Cp s
E 3 1 ps4
chu m30 4trng 12
3
0
1
2
5
n
E
4
4
0
Tc
64 480
2048 48448 3436 139264 560840
5
8 4
CEPT A (Kbps)

Dung lng EUROPEAN

1
30
1201920480
1920
7680
1,544Mbp
7680
H s ghp
4
4
4
4
s
6,312Mbp
1
Tc
64
1544 6312 4473 274156 560260
s
44,736Mbp
1
(Kbps)
6
USA

1 s 24
Dung lng
96274,176Mbp
672
4032
8064
2
H s ghp
7
6
2
560,160Mb
1 4s
4
Tc4
64
1544 6312 32061 97728
393200
ps
24
(Kbps)
4
JAPAN
7
96
Dung lng
1
24
96
480
1440
5760
6
672
H s ghp
4
5
3
4
2
4023
AMERICAN
Nhn 1,544Mbp
xt :
8064
- H thsng ghp knh cp cao bao gi cng c tc ln hn so
1i h thng a6,312Mbp
v
vo v phi ghp thm cc tn hiu ng b,
s
32,046Mbp
nghip v 1
s h thng khng ng b v tc
- ng cp ghp knh c1a cc
97,728Mbps
2

v
dung
l

ng.
400,352Mb
1
4
- Nht Bn v 4
Bc M c s lung ghp khng 1ngpsnht.
24
- Chu u c s lung ghp
ng nht.
96 5
- S lng knh ghp ca cc Mi-1 3ghp thnh Mi khc nhau (n
480
khc nhau), ring Chu u ch
n n = 4.
4
2.4 u nhc im JAPANESE
ca h thng1440
ghp knh PDH :
5760
u im :

T
1

M
1

T
2

M
2

T
3

M
3

T
4

M
4

T
5

M
5

Cht lng tt.

Dung lng knh cao.
Nguyn tc ghp knh theo cp bc cho php ghp cc lung
s cht ch.
- Cu trc h thng n gin, cng ngh ch to hon chnh, gi
thnh sn phm thp.
Nhc im:
-

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Trang 31

Ngy nay thng tin mang tnh cht ton cu, tiu chun ghp
knh PDH bc l r mt s nhc im nh :
- Khng ng b v tc truyn dn, dung lng knh, khung
thi gian gia cc cp ghp knh theo cc h thng Chu u,
Bc M v Nht Bn.
- Vic ghp v phn knh din ra theo tng cp. c bit vi
nhng trm chuyn tip theo m hnh rt v xen knh th phi
s dng hai h thng thit b cho hai hng khng kinh t.
- Nu c t 3 hng tr ln, vic thit k v cng phc tp.
- Khng linh hot trong vic truy xut cng nh ghp cc loi
lung s trong qa trnh lin lc.
- PDH c thit k ch yu cho cc dch v thoi, do kh
p ng c cc loi dch v mi.
- Khng ng nht gia cc h thng v tc truyn dn, do
kh khn trong
vic lin lc gia cc quc gia dng cc
h thng thuc cc cp h khc nhau.
- Do vic ghp knh v phn knh din ra theo tng cp s nn
s lng gin gi, connector, dy feeder ni kt rt ln dn
n gy suy hao tn hiu ln, phc tp v tng gi thnh.
- Kh qun l bng phn mm tp trung v khng c cc bit
trong cu trc khung dnh cho vic qun l.
Vo nhng nm 1980, cc hng sn xut thit b vin thng
nghin cu cc tiu chun mi khc phc cc nhc im trn,
v xy dng nn m hnh h thng ghp knh ng b s SDH
c tc cn bn l 155Mbps.

2.5 So snh SDH v PDH :

-

PDH
L mng cn ng b.
Dao ng xung ng h chy t do bn trong m
khng cn ng b tn hiu
vo vi tn hiu khung.
K thut ghp knh bt ng
b .
Khung truyn dn c bit
c nh ngha cho tng
mc ghp.
Ghp xen k tng bit.
ng b thi gian bng cch
chn dng tng bit.

Ch c th truy xut c
cc knh ring l sau khi -

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

SDH
L mng ng b.
Dao ng xung ng h
chy ng b vi ng h
chun bn ngoi nn cn
ng b tn hiu vo vi t
ng b khung.
K thut ghp knh ng b.
Tt c cc tn hiu ghp c
cu trc khung ng nht.
Ghp xen k tng byte.
ng b thi gian bng cch
chn dng, chn khng hc
chn m tng byte.
C th truy xut c cc
knh ring l sau khi c
c ni dung con tr.
Tc 155,52Mbps c

Trang 32

phn knh hon ton.

Tiu chun ha tc n
140Mbps.

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

tiu chun ha.

Trang 33

M HNH GHP KNH S PDH,SDH KT HP :

USA

T
1 T T
2
3

155,520Mbit
/s
622,080Mbit
/s
1
4
STM1

E
E E E 4
1 2 3

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

S
T
M
4

2488,320Mb
it/s

S
T
M
1
6

Trang 34

Chng 3 :

THIT B GHP KNH S

DSMX 2/34C

Khi ghp knh DSMX 2/34C l b ghp knh ng cp 2Mbit/s.

Mt khi ghp knh ny gm mt khi thu v mt khi pht.
DSMX 2/34C kt hp 16 lung tn hiu s vi tc bit danh nh
l 2Mbit/s hoc kt hp 4 lung tn hiu s vi tc bit danh
nh l 8448Kbit/s (vit gn l 8Mbit/s) to ra lung tn hiu s
vi tc bit danh nh l 34,368Mbit(vit gn l 34Mbit/s) bng
phng php ghp knh theo thi gian TDM.

S cc giao tip thit b DSMX 2/34C

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Trang 35

Khi thu DSMX 2/34C : thc hin tch ra 16 lung tn hiu 2Mbit/s
hoc 4 lung tn hiu 8Mbit t lung tn hiu 34Mbit/s thu vo.
pha pht, lung tn hiu kt hp 2 tng, cc lung tn hiu i t
2Mbit/s ln 8Mbit/s v cui cng l 34Mbit/s. Vic tch lung cng
c thc hin phn thu.
Thit b DSMX 2/34C tun theo khuyn ngh G703 ca CCITT v
giao tip m HDB3 cho cc lung tn hiu s 2Mbit/s, 8Mbit/s v
34Mbit/s. Hnh trn trnh by cc giao tip kt ni vo thit b
ghp knh s DSMX 2/34C.

3.1 S khi chc nng v hot ng ca thit b

ghp knh DSMX 2/34C :

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Thit b ghp knh s DSMX 2/34C c hai khi chnh :

CMS : khi ghp lung.
CME : khi phn lung.
- Khi CMS cho php ghp 16 lung 2Mbit hnh thnh mt
lung 34Mbit/s c a vo khi phi hp tr khng ca thit
b. Sau , tn hiu c a vo mch cn chnh mc bin
suy hao trong qu trnh truyn c a vo mch cn chnh
mc bin b li s suy hao trong qu trnh truyn dn.
Cp nhp cho IC CMS l mch dao ng xung ng h dng
thch anh c tn s l 68,736MHz a qua mch chia 2 bng
IC CMOS.
i vi knh nghip v c ly theo tiu chun V11 a qua
mch khuch i ri ghp vo khi CMS chn vo cc bit dch
v D v N.
Khi CMS cho php ghp xen k cc lung s v thc hin chn
cc bit chn to thnh lung s 34Mbit ri a ra ng F1 out,
qua mch khuch i v mch phi hp tr khng ng ra.
- ng thu : tn hiu 34Mbit/s thu v c a qua mch phi
hp tr khng, mch cn chnh bin v sn xung, mch
m dng IC CMOS v mch khi phc xung clock to thnh
hai dng d liu data in v Rx clock da vo hi CME. Khi
phn lung kim sot nhp bi hai ng h dng k thut PLL
(phase lock loop) c tn s l 67,5968MHz (gii hn di) v
68,850MHz (gii hn trn).
- Khi CME thc hin vic phn cc lung d liu 34Mbit/s thnh
16 lung 2Mbit/s a ra ng ra F2, qua mch khuch i v
mch phi hp tr khng ng ra. ng thi khi CME cng
tch ra lung d liu knh nghip v V11.
Cnh bo cho thit b c cc n led sau :
- n In alarm : cnh bo h hng bn trong.
- n F1, F2 loop : n led cnh bo v vic loop vng ti ch.
- n F2 remote loop : cnh bo v vic loop vng ta xa.
Loop mch vi DSMX 2/34C :
Nhng vng sau y c th s dng cho mch kim tra:
- Loop F1 : T F1 out vo F1 in (local loop) c th c la chn
SIBUS hoc cng tc n pha sau mt np ca thit b.
- Loop F2 : T F2 out n F2 in (remote loop) cho vic thc hin
th mt lung trong 16 lung 2Mbit/s hoc 1 lung trong 4
lung 8Mbit/s c iu chnh bi bit hiu chnh trm xa.
- Loop ph (nhnh) : T F2 in n F2 out cho vich s dng mt
knh trong cc lung 2Mbit hay 8Mbit/s c iu khin thng
qua SIBUS.

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3.2 S mt my :

S mt trc ca hp ghp lung DSMX 2/34C gm c :

- MF1 : im o ng ra ng 34Mbit/s out.
- MF2 : im o cho 16 ng ra 2Mbit/s out.
- FH 34Mbit/s : im o i bit ng 34Mbit in.
- Led INT () bn tri : Sng bo s c v ng b, ngun pha
pht.
- Led INT () bn phi : Sng bo s c v ng b, ngun pha
thu.
Mt hp DSMX 2/34C c 2 card : card pht bn tri v card thu
bn phi. Chng lin h vi nhau qua SIBUS (ng bus tp trung
cc tn hi bo hiu ti hp gim st lung SIG-DSMX).

3.3 Card pht trong thit b ghp knh s DSMX 2/34C

:
Card pht DSMX 2/34Cc s dng trong khi ghp knh DSMX
2/34C. Khi 2ghp knh ny c th lp mt card pht v mt card
thu.
Card pht gm c : mch bo hiu cnh bo, mch loop kim tra
v mt giao tip V11 (bit N) pha pht.

3.3.1 S mt trc v mt sau ca card pht :

-

Led INT () : sng khi c s c do ng h, ngun pha pht.

Led F1/F2 loop (vng) : sng khi thc hin loop.
SW loop : c 3 v tr loop:
+ Loop remote (loop xa).
+ Loop normal (loop bnh thng).
+ Loop local (loop ni b).

3.3.2 S chc nng card pht :

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2Mbit/s
8Mbit/s

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Tn hiu HDB3 t ng vo (2 Mbit/s hoc 8Mbit/s) qua bin p

cch li (1,3) v mch hn bin (2, 4) khi phc xung tn hiu
HDB3 a vo IC h thng (19).
Vi mt vi mch ngoi vi, h thng IC CMS (19) thc hin hon
ton chc nng pha pht. Tn hiu ng h cc lung 2Mbit/s
hoc 8Mbit/s c khi phc t lung tn hiu data di dng s
bi mt ng h ph. Tn s ng ph c cp bi ng h ch
(5). Lung data c gii m HDB3 m trc c ng b
vi ng h ch trong vng m (x l v tr bit chn), c a
vo khung bit v thc hin ghp 16 lung 2Mbit/s (hoc 4 lung
8Mbit/s) thnh lung 34Mbit/s ri m ha thnh m HDB3 tng
ng vi giao tip F1 out (17, 18).
D liu bit N trong khung 8Mbit/s v khung 34Mbit/s c
truyn nh giao tip V11 khi 6.
Trong trng hp khng c gim st ti trm u cui, cc li
v nhiu pha thu c th thng bo vi pht bng bit D (8).
Cc vng loop kim tra khc nhau (7,14) c dng cho vic
kim tra. Mt led ch th (13) c dng cho vic loop mch kim
tra, jack do F1 out c th c ly ra mt trc ca card pht.
Tn hiu ng h khung (12) c th c kim tra ti cc im
kch thch (ch thy c khi m np hp).
Nu xy ra li ngun cung cp (mt ngun) tn hiu reset (9)
c IC CMS to ra v sau cnh bo INT xut hin. Led INT
cng ch th cho s c v ngun cung cp ng h.
Tn hiu clock chun c kim tra vi s tr gip ca mch
gim st bin (1).
Vic ci t tnh tng hot ng c a ra bng cch s
dng DIP-FIX Switches.
B bin i in p (20) to ra in p +5V cung cp cho card
pht thng qua 2 DIP-FIX Switches.

3.3.3 Ci t DIL-SWITCH, DIP-FIX cho phn pht :

DIL-FIX 800 n 803 v 812 n 823 thit lp tr khng vo
cho 16 lung 2Mbit/s vo.
DIL-SWITCH 804, 805, 806 : thit lp ch cnh bo.
DIL-SWITCH 807 : thit lp ch u vng cho mc ch
kim tra.
Ch cnh bo :
n led INT ch th s c h thng (tn hiu ng h, ngun
cung cp ).
im MF1 kim tra mc F1 out :
in p (nh zero):100mV
20mV
Tr khng: 75 Ohm
Ci t cc ng vo F2 in (2Mbit/s) vi cc cng s dng cp i
xng (120 Ohm) v cp ng trc (75 Ohm).

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S cng tc
3.3.3.1 Bng ci t cc cng t 800 -> 809 v 812 ->
823 :
Shooting links
800803
812823

A
close
B
open

F2 in 75

F2 in 120
A
close
B
open

Cc ch ci t :
- AIS Infection at F1 : a tn hiu ASI ti F1 (34Mbit/s).
- Justifying digit evaluation for F2 remote loop : iu chnh gi tr
cho loop xa F2.
- Changover 2Mbit/s to 8Mbit/s : Chuyn qua lung 2Mbit/s hay
8Mbit/s.
- N-bit changover 8Mbit/s :Thay i N bit trong lung 8Mbit/s.
- Channel NO : S th t cc knh.

3.3.3.2 Ci t DIL-SWITCHES 807 :

807 Shooting links
A/B ng
A/B m

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Chc nng
Loop chuyn mch
Loop khi

Trang 41

3.3.3.3 Ci t DIL-SWITCH 804 :

Cng tc 804

A
B
C
D E
F
G
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
off OFF
on ON
off
OFF
on
ON
2M
OFF OFF OFF OFF
8M
ON ON ON ON

a AIS
ti F1
iu chnh gi tr
loop xa
Chuyn qua lung
2Mbit/s hay
8Mbit/s
Thay i N-bit
Bit bo hiu
trong lung
cho giao
34Mbit/s
tipV11
Thay i N-bit
Bit bo hiu
trong lung
cho giao
8Mbit/s
tipV11
S
2M
knh
8M

H
(8)

OFF
ON
OFF
ON
1-4 5-8 9-12 13-16
1
2
3
4

13-16
4

3.3.3.4 Ci t DIL-SWITCH 805 :

Cng tc 805
Chuyn qua
lung 2Mbit/s
hay 8Mbit
Loop
mch
Thay i
D-bit
N-bit trong lung
34Mbit/s
Thay i N-bit
trong lung
8Mbit/s

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

A
B
C
D E
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Qua khi OFF
pht
qua SIG-DSMX ON
Qua khi
OFF
pht
qua SIG-DSMX
ON
Qua khi
OFF
pht
qua SIG-DSMX
ON
Qua khi
OFF
pht
qua SIG-DSMX
ON
Qua khi
OFF
pht
qua SIG-DSMX
ON

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3.3.3.5 Ci t DIL-SWITCHES 808 :

Cng tc 808

A
(1)

B
C
D
(2) (3) (4)

Xc nh

iu khin qua
SIG-DSMX
Cnh bo INT
iu khin qua SIGDSMXhoc hng
pht
Thay i
N-bit l bit bo OFF OFF OFF
N-bit trong 8M
hiu
ON
N- bit qua V11 ON ON
S tn hiu trong 8M
1
2
3

E
(5)
OFF
ON

3.4 Mch giao tip ng vo 2Mbit/s : (s DSMX 2/34 CII

2+)

C 16 lung s vo 2Mbit/s c a qua 16 bin p phi hp tr

khng, lung tn hiu sau c a n 16 mch gii hn mc
bng diode, ti y 16 lung s 2Mbit/s c a to thnh 4
nhm l :
* Nhm 1: D2P1I, D2N1I D2P4I, D2N4I
* Nhm 2: D2P5I, D2N5I D2P8I, D2N8I
* Nhm 3: D2P9I, D2N9I D2P12I, D2N12I
* Nhm 4: D2P13I, D2N13I D2P16I, D2N16I
Trong mi nhm gm 4 lung s, mi lung s gm 2 ng, c
th l :
+ Lung th nht gm 2 ng l :
ng th nht : D2P1I : Data, 2Mbit/s positive (or bin data)
channel 1
ng th hai : D2N1I : Data, 2Mbit/s negative (or bin data)
channel 1

+ Lung th 16 gm 2 ng l :
ng th nht : D2P16I : Data, 2Mbit/s positive (or bin data)
channel 16
ng th hai
: D2N16I : Data, 2Mbit/s negative (or bin
data) channel 16
Sau , cc lung s ny c a vo 4 IC m801A, 802A,
803A v 804A. Tn hiu t khi m s c a n khi ghp
lung (s 4+).

3.5 Khi ghp lung : (s DSMX 2/34 CII 4+)

Khi ghp lung c thc hin bng IC CMS (1823A), cho php
16 lung 2Mbit/s ng vo c ghp thnh lung s 34Mbit/s
trn cc chn :
Chn 21 :lung D34PO (Data 34Mbit/s positive).

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Chn 23 :lung D34NO (Data 34Mbit/s negative).

3.6 Khi giao tip 34Mbit/s : (s DSMX 2/34 CII 6+)

Lung s 34Mbit/s c a vo bin p phi hp tr khng
2472B phi hp tr khng, cch li mch ngoi v sau tn
hiu c a n IC m 2809.
Tn hiu 34Mbit/s c gii hn bi cc diode 2569 n 2572.
Tn hiu ra khi IC 2809 s c a n IC m 2810A, hnh
thnh lung s 34Mbit/s chun l :
D34PI: Data on F1 in (34Mbit/s) HDB3+, RZ signal
V D34PI: Data on F1 in (34Mbit/s) HDB3+, RZ signal a
n khi phn lung.
Trong khi ny cn c cc mch to dao ng xung clock c
thc hin bi cc vi mch 2812A v thch anh 2602A to ra tn
s 67MHz v lung tn hiu ny s c a n khi phn lung.

3.7 Card thu trong thit b DSMX 2/34C :

3.7.1 S mt trc v mt sau ca card thu :
-

Led INT () : Sng bo s c do ng h, ngun pha thu.

Led F2 loop (vng) : Sng khi SW loop ngoi v tr bnh thng.
16 i63m o MF2 : o nh gi 16 lung 2Mbit/s out.
FH 34Mbit/s : im o nh gi cht lng F1 in.

S mt card phn thu

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3.7.2 S chc nng card thu :

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Tn hiu ng vo 34Mbit/s c a ti F1 in qua bin p cch li

(1) v ti IC h thng (22). Cng vi vi mch ngoi vi, IC h
thng (22) thc hin hon ton chc nng card thu. Mch khi
phc tn hiu clock thu c t mch ng h ph (4) tn hiu
34Mbit/s. Tn hiu ng h thu ny c s dng iu khin
cc tn hiu hiu ng h thu khc. Lung tn hiu 34Mbit/s ti
ng vo F1 in c gim st bi mch gim st (3) (no data
signal).
H thng cung cp ng h trung tm trong IC (22) ng b vi
lung tn hiu vo 34Mbit/s v chia thnh 4 lung 8Mbit/s. H
thng cp ng h trung tm 8MHz ng b tn hiu 8Mbit/s v
chi thnh 4 lung 2Mbit/s, cc lung 2Mbit/s c ghi vo b m
(trong IC (22) ), qua cc khe trng xung clock.
Tn hiu ng h F2 out (2Mbit/s hoc 8Mbit/s) c khi phc
trong vng kha pha PLL (trong IC (22)), c iu khin bi b,
nh m, b dao ng thch anh (5) c s dng c gn
ng b vi lung tn hiu gn b nh m. Sau , s liu c
m ha HDB3 tng ng vi giao tip F2 out sau khi qua cc
mch khuch i v mch phi hp tr khng (18, 19, 20, 21).
Ti giao tip V11 (16), s liu c mang bi bit N ca khung
8Mbit/s v khung 8Mbit/s c xen vo.
Giao tip ni tip SIBUS (17) ni trng thi cnh bo pha thu
vi hp cnh bo trung tm SIG-DSMX. Trong trng hp khng
c gim st trm u cui li pha thu c th gi bng bit D
trong lung tn hiu F2 out ca pha pht.
T s li F2 out c th kim tra nh mch (11) pha trc mt
my. Cc vng loop (7,13) s dng cho vic kim tra. n ch th
(12) hin th cc loop kim tra ang c thc hin.
ng h khung 10 c th kim tra ti im kch (ch thy khi
m np my). Nu xy ra mt ngun, tn hiu reset to ra cho IC
(22) v cng lc xut hin cnh bo INT (14). Cnh bo INT
cng c to ra khi c s c mt ngun cung cp ng h (dao
ng thch anh). Tn s dao ng chun (5) nhn c t dao
ng thch anh c kim tra bng mch gim st bin (9).
in p +5V c cung cp bi b bin i in p (23) n
card thu thng qua DIP-FIX Switches.

3.8 Khi phn lung : (s DSMX 2/34 CII 7+)

Lung tn hiu 34Mbit/s l D34PI v D34NI c a vo IC CME
trn chn s 31 v chn 83, ti lung tn hiu c phn ra
thnh 16 lung 2Mbit/s l :
D2PO-1 : Data F2 out (2Mbit/s) HDB3+, or binary data, channel
1.
D2PO-16: Data F2 out (2Mbit/s) HDB3+, or binary data,
channel 16.
D2NO-1 : Data F2 out (2Mbit/s) HDB3-, or binary data, channel 1.

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D2NO-16 : Data F2 out (2Mbit/s) HDB3-, or binary data, channel 16.

Sau , 16 lung 2Mbit/s s c tip tc a n khi giao tip

ng ra.

3.9 Mch giao tip ng ra 2Mbit/s: (s DSMX 2/34 CII

5+)
Trong khi ny, 16 lung 2. Ln lt a n 8 IC m t 2801A
n 2808A. Mi IC thc hin vic x l giao tip 2 lung 2Mbit/s.
Ti y, lung tn hiu c a qua cc bin p phi hp tr
khng tng ng v a n ng ra.
** Tm li, thit b ghp knh s DSMX 2/34C cho php ghp 16
lung 2Mbit/s to thnh lung 34Mbit/s v phn lung 34Mbit/s
ra thnh 16 lung 2Mbit/s.

3.10 Ci t DIL-SWITCHES, DIL-FIX trong card thu :

DIL-SWITCHES 950 n 953 v 960 n 971 :
Thit lp tr khng ng ra cho 16 lung 2Mbit/s
Shooting links
950953
960971

A
close
B
open

F2 out 75

F2 out 120
A
close
B
open

DIL-SWITCHES 950 n 955 thit lp ch cnh bo :

* Ch cnh bo :
n led INT sng khi xy ra s c mt tn hiu ng b, mt
ngun cung cp.
im o MF2-1 n MF2-16 kim tra mc 16 lung 2Mbit/s.
im o MF2-1 n MF2-4 kim tra mc 4 lung 8Mbit/s.
nh gi tng i t s bit u, o FH c th kim tra.
Cng tc 954
iu khin
chuyn 2Mbit/s
n 8Mbit/s
iu chnh loop
mch
Chn gi tr cho
loop 2Mbit/s
Xc nh cnh
bo INT

Lun

A
B C D
(1) (2) (3) (4
)

E
F
G
(5) (6) (7)

H
(8
)

Qua SIG-DSMX OFF

Qua khi thu ON
Qua SIGDSMX
Qua khi thu
off
on
Qua SIGDSMX
Qua khi thu

Vn Tt Nghip

OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON

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iu khin
chuyn 2Mbit/s
n 8Mbit/s

2Mbit

OFF OFF OFF OFF

8Mbit

ON ON ON ON

2Mbit

1-4 5-8 9-121316

1
2
3
4

/s
/s

S
knh

/s
8Mbit
/s

3.11 c tnh k thut ca thit b DSMX 2/34C :

* Giao tip HDB3 34Mbit/s :
- Tc bit
34.368Mbit/s.
- Dng xung tn hiu F1 out Xp x xung
vung.
- Bin tn hiu F1 out/F1 in 1V 10%.
- Tr khng ng ra F1 out/F1 in 75 .
- Suy hao phn hi :
+ Pha pht :ti ng ra F1 out, 75
860KHz n 1,7MHz 8 dB
1,7Mhz n 34MHz 4dB
34MHz n 52MHz 10dB
+ Pha thu : ti ng ra F1 out, 75
860KHz n 1,7MHz 12 dB
1,7Mhz n 34MHz 20dB
34MHz n 52MHz 15dB
* Giao tip HDB3 2Mbit/s :
- Tc bit
2048Kbit/s.
- Dng xung tn hiu F1 out Xp x xung
vung.
- Bin tn hiu F1 out/F1 in
Cp ng trc 2,37V
10%.
Cp i xng 3V
10%.
- Suy hao do ni cp pha pht 0dB n
6dB ti 1Mhz.
- Tr khng kt ni ti F2 in F1 out :
Cp ng trc 120.
Cp i xng 75.
- Suy hao phn hi:
+ Pha pht :ti F2 in (120 hoc 75 ) trong dy.
50KHz n 100MHz 12 dB

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100Khz n 2MHz 18dB

2KHz n 3MHz
14dB
+ Pha thu : ti ng ra F1 out, 75
50KHz n 100MHz 8 dB
100Mhz n 2MHz 14dB
2KHz n 3MHz
10dB
-

*
-

*
-

Ngun cung cp :
in p vo
t 36V n 75V.
in p DC hot ng +5V
1%
Cng sut tiu th :
Card pht 1,9W.
Card thu 3,1W.
Giao din V11 in :
Theo khuyn nngh ca CCITT :V11 Type 1.
Dng kt ni l i xng.
Dng tn hiu nh phn.
Tc bit ng b ti a ng vi lung 34Mbit/s l 4,8Kbit/s.
Tc bit ng b ti a ng vi lung 8Mbit/s l 2,4Kbit/s.
Tr khng l 600 Ohm.
Giao din V11 out :
Theo khuyn ngh ca CCITT :V11
Type 1.
Dng kt ni l i xng.
Dng tn hiu nh phn.
in p ra vi tr khng u cui 100 Ohm
2V.
Tr khng ni
100 Ohm.
Dng ngn mch
150 mA.

3.12 Card cung cp ngun cho card pht v card thu :

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Cc khi chc nng mch cp ngun cho card pht v card

thu.
Mch cp ngun c chc nng nh mt b bin i in th cao
(flyback converter) vi ngn cch DC, chu k lm vic thay i,
tn s hot ng khng thay i 50Hz. Mch cp ngun c hai
khi chc nng gm :
- Phn ngun t khi (23) n khi (30).
- Phn iu khin v n nh t khi (31) n khi (38).
* Phn cp ngun :
Bao gm cc khi chc nng sau :
(23) : Mch bo v phn cc ng vo (dy diot ni tip).
(24) : Mch gii hn dng vo (dng gii hn ti xp x 0,6A)
v thm vo mch bo v d phng chng qu p
150V.
(25) : Mch lc chng nhiu hi tip.
(26) : Mch o in.
(27) : Bin p xung.
(28) : Chnh lu shottky.
(29) : Lc in p ng ra.
(30) : Hi tip t bin p (27) (in p ph Uh).
* Phn iu khin v n nh :
(31) : B n nh in p Uh (xp x 5,8V), b n p (regulator)
c cung cp ng vo Uv.
(32) : Bo v cho IC iu khin chng qu p ng vo.
(33) : Ngn qu p ti mc in p ng vo xp x 80V.
(34) : To xung ng h (50KHz, = 0,5).
(35) : Hn dng, gim lin tc chu k lm vic khi qu ti
ng ra.
(36) : Kt ni tn hiu v RS-Flipflop.
(37) : Mch li transitor chuyn mch.
(38) : Mch n nh ng ra.
* Phn tch hot ng chi tit ca khi ngun : (S DSMX
2/34C 1+)
IC 804 l mch to v iu khin, n nh dng in.
Transitor 604 l transitor o in (tt dn to ra xung t
bin) lm thay i cc tnh in p t DC sang AC. iu khin cho
n l hai transitor 600 v 601 (ghp kiu emitter).
Transitor 603 : bo v in p ng vo.
Bin p xung 531 l bin p o in.

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Diode 545A v 545B mc kiu song song, c nhim v nn v

n nh.
Hai transitor 802 v 803 l mch d in p ng ra (dng giao
tip quang : diode quang chiu nh sng vo 2 transitor ny lm
n dn mnh hay yu).

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* Ch tiu ca khi ngun :

- Ng vo :
Ngun in t 36-75V DC, tng ng vi cc tnh ngun
acquy t (-48V) n (-60V).
p gii hn qu ti l 150V.
Dng vo in ti a l 1,1A.
Cng sut 12W.
Dng in c bo v ng vo l 1,5A.
- Ng ra :
in p ra l F1
5,1V v
l 5%.
c hi

F2 m
F1 u ch
F2nh
Khong dnga ibn
ra bl ta 0
a ng
b
a
b n 2A. in p chun
0
Hn
c

p
cho
m

ch
so
snh
l
30mV
v
150mV.
1
g t1
ng
V tr block cp trn
01/007/01
ing khi ngun kho
Trng l
rack ng 0,3kg.

0
3.13 2B

tr cp

1 2 3 4 5
11 ki
12m
12 tra
v
SYSTEM 1

9 10

lung 2Mbit/s,34Mbit/s
Thit b
V:
tr
DSMX 2/34

SYSTEM 2

3.13.1 B tr cp 2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s :

4
5
1
0

01

6
16

7
8

1
1

P142
Rack b tr cp
2M
01

02

SYSTEM
001

F1

SYSTEM

00
1

H
ng 1
0
m
y 1

02
DSMX15
2/34
DSMX03
2/34 14
DSMX 04
2/34
DSMX 05
2/34

SYSTEM 15

SYSTEM 2

Thit b
ch

VDSMX
tr 2/34
Ghi

DSMX 2/34C
SYS TEM
8
DSMX
2/34C
DSMX 2/34C

SYS TEM7

S b tr cp
2Mbit/s 00
01
2
6

1
2

Thit b
ch

F1
021

001

V tr Ghi

DSMX 2/34C
SYS 1

B tr cp 75 Ohm 34Mbit/s pha F1

06

07

S b tr cp 75 Ohm 2/34Mbit/s pha

030

010

SYS 2
SYS 3
SYS 4
SYS 7
SYS 5
SYS 8
SYS 6
SYS 9
SYS 10
F2
SYS 11
SYS

12
3.13.2 Kim tra lung 2Mbit/s,
34Mbit/s trn hp
08
SYS 13
DSMX 2/34C :
SYS 14

15p DSMX
Cc 09
im o trong khai thc iu th hin trn mtSYS
h
SYS 16
2/34C . o ti cc im ny s khngDSMX
lm2/34C
mt lin lcSYS
trong
khi
1
SYS
2
o. c0001

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip 040

020

SYS 3
SYS 4

Trang 52

o MF2 out :
Ta c th o cc lung 2Mbit/s thu v trc khi a qua tng i
thng qua 16 im o MF2 out cho tng lung tng ng c nh
s trn mt my. o bng Oscillocope hoc my o BER K4303,
bin o y l 240mV 10% (mh zero), 75 Ohm, m HDB3.
o MF2 out :
o lung 34Mbit/s out.
o bng Osillocope, bin o y l 240mV 10% (nh
zero), 75 Ohm, m HDB3. Ta cn c th o bng my o K4303
nh gi cht lng lung 34Mbit/s pht i.
o FH :
Ta c th o bng my m s. Bnh thng lung tt gi tr o
l zero. Khi nhn AIS u vo F1 in c gi tr o c chnh bng
tn s khung xung 34Mbit/s (khong 22375Hz). Mc ch l m
bit li, qua nh gi cht lng ng truyn 34Mbit/s thu v.

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 Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

Trang 54

Chng 4:

THIT B GHP KNH S

DSMX 34/140C

4.1 Gii thiu tng qut :

34Mb/
s
F2 in
34Mb/
s
F2 out

F2 l

Multiplexer
Demultiplexer

F1 out
140Mb/
sF in
1

140Mb/
s

k hiu ca

cc lung s cp thp 34Mbit/s

F1 l k hiu ca cc lung s cp cao 140Mbit/s
Thit b ny do hng Siemen sn xut v c s dng ghp
4 lung tn hiu 34Mbps cn ng b thnh mt lung tn hiu
140Mbps (theo khuyn ngh ca CCITT) v tch 1 lung tn hiu
140Mbps thnh 4 lung 34Mbps.
Thit b ny c s dng cng lc vi cc h thng vi ba s
hoc cc thit b cp quang 140Mbit/s.

2
3
4

34M

140
M

8M

2M
1
DSMX
2/8C

3
4

DSMX
8/34C

3
4

DSMX
34/140
C

2
3
4

DSMX
LE565 140/
565

Tuy
n cp
565M

1
DSMX
2/34C
16

Tuy
n
cp
34M

V
tuy
n

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

LE
34

DRS
34/..

LE
140
DRM
140/
.
140.

Tuyn
cp
140M

DRS
140/
..

Tuy
n cp
140M

Trang 55

S mt my thit b ghp lung DSMX 34/140C

Led INT () : cnh bo v vic h hng ca thit b (mt

ngun).
- Led SV() : sng khi card c s c.
- FH : n led cnh bo v vic ng b khung.
in th v ch (tr khng 75) l 0V 0,1V.
in th hot ng (tr khng 75) l 1V 0,1V.
rng xung l 1s -> 2s.
- MF1 (F1 out) : l im ni o th lung tn hiu 140Mbit/s
thu nhn c t 4 lung 34Mbit/s vi :
in p : 150mV 30mV(nh nh)
Tr khng : 75.
- MF2-1, MF2-2, MF2-3, MF2-4 l bn im o gim st 4 ng
ra F2 out (4 lung 34Mbit/s thu v) vi :
in p : : 150mV 20mV(t 0 n nh).
- K hiu 70a, 70b, 70c, 70d l cc trm ni lung 34Mbit/s, tt
c u c ng vo (in), ng ra (out) v mass.
- Cc im ni A,B out v C,D in vi :
A l im kch xung ng h, pha pht.
C l im kch xung ng h, pha thu.
D v B : nit (ground).
Khi hn ni cc chn A v C :
Tn s xung ng h l 47,6KHz.
Mc : TTL.
-

4.2 S khi, chc nng v hot ng ca thit

b ghp knh s DSMX 34/140C :
4.2.1 S khi :

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S khi Card ghp lung DSMX

34/140C

4.2.2 Chc nng ca thit b ghp knh s DSMX

34/140C :

i vi mi lung tn hiu s, card DSMX 34/140C c cc chc

nng chnh nh sau :
a. Khi ghp knh :
-

Mch giao tip vi lung tn hiu vo (34Mbit/s).

Mch khi phc tn hiu xung ng h .
Mch tch li.
Mch i m t HDB3 /BIN.
Hiu chnh dng.
B m.
Chn tn hiu AIS.
Ghp 4 lung tn hiu 34Mbit/s.

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- Mch i m t BIN/CMI.
b. Khi phn knh :
Gm cc mch c chc nng chnh sau :
- Mch giao tip vi lung tn hiu vo 140Mbit/s.
- Mch tch li.
- B i m CMI/BIN.
- Phc hi mt ng b khung v cc t ng b khung.
- Tch tn hiu AIS v cnh bo t xa.
Card DSMX 34/140C ghp cc lung tn hiu nh sau :
Ghp cc lung tn hiu 34Mbit/s cn ng b ng vo, mun
ghp c cc lung tn hiu ng vo ny ta phi ng b
chng bng cch chn dng. Nhng lung tn hiu n b ghp
s c ghp xen k nhau theo tng knh, cc bit ng b khung
cng c chn vo lung s, cc bit ny cho php xc nh v tr
ca cc knh trong qu trnh phn knh. Vic tch cc t ng b
khung nhn c s gip cho vic gi ng d liu cho tng knh.
Phn lung tn hiu thnh 4 lung 34Mbit/s.

4.2.3 Hot ng ca thit b ghp knh s DSMX

34/140C :

a. Hot ng ca pha pht :

Bn lung tn hiu s 34Mbit/s c a v khi ghp MUX (5) ln
lt qua cc mch phi hp tr khng, mch sa sn xung v
hn bin, mch khuch i khi (1), mch iu chnh rng
xung 1 v 0 (khi (2)), mch bin i m t HDB3 sang BIN (m
nh cc sang m n cc) khi (3), sau qua mch m buffer
(4) v sau ti khi ghp knh (5).
B ghp (5) kt hp 4 lung 34Mbit/s to thnh lung tn hiu
140Mbit/s thc hin chn cc t ng b khung, cc bit ng b,
cc bit hiu chnh. Ngoi ra b ghp cn c thm :
- Cc bit ng b khung.
- Cc bit nghip v.
- Cc bit chn (phc v hiu chnh).
- Cc bit chn tng ng vi cu trc khung 140Mbit/s.
Tn hiu t khi ghp c a n mch chuyn i t song
song sang ni tip (6) to thnh lung 140Mbit/s, a n ng ra,
qua mch i m t n cc sang nh cc (BIN -> CMI) khi (7) ,
sau n mch khuch i v mch phi hp tr khng (8)
ng ra.
Giao tip bo hiu SIBUS (12) x l cc tn hiu li v nhiu trn
pha pht v pha thu , v gi chng n khi bo hiu cnh bo
trung tm SIG-INSET.
Cc bit nghip v Y1, Y2 c chn vo khi ghp knh qua
mch khuch i cng vi tn hiu cnh bo ca h thng.
Cp nhp cho khi ghp l mch dao ng to xung ng h G
vi tn s 278,528MHz.

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b. Hot ng ca pha thu :

Lung tn hiu 140Mbit/s u thu c c iu chnh qua b
cn bng (13) v mch khi phc tn hiu xung ng h(15).
Lung tn hiu vo140Mbit/s c a qua b i m CMI sang
BINARY (16) v sau c a vo khi bin i t ni tip sang
song song gim bt tc x l.
Sau lung tn hiu ny c a ti b phn knh (18), b
ny nhn cc t ng b khung, tch cc bit hiu chnh, chia tn
hiu thnh khung v phn b thnh 4 lung 34Mbit/s.
B m (19) lin kt tng lung tn hiu vo thch ng vi ng
h c F2 out. Dao ng thch anh vi tn s 68,736MHz c
to ra nh b dao ng iu khin bng in p VCXO (20). Sau
lung tn hiu ra c i t m BINARY sang HDB3 khi (21)
to ra 4 lung 34Mbit/s qua bin p phi hp tr khng (22) v
a n mch giao tip ng ra F2 out.

4.3 Card chuyn i in p :

-36V ->
-75V

Lun

Vn Tt Nghip

S
V

+5,1
V

Trang 59

B chuyn i in p c s dng cho thit b ghp knh s

DSMX 34/140C. N c thit k cho mc in p DC vo t 36V
n 48V. V vy n thch hp vi h thng bnh accu ti trm (-48
n 60V), to mc in p ra l +5,1V.

4.3.1 c tnh k thut :

Ng vo:
in p DC cung cp (Uv)
36V -> 75V.
Gii
hn
dng
Imax
1,1A.
Ngt
in
p
cao
81V (76V ->
84V).
Bo
v
phn
cc
bng diode ni
tip.
Cng
sut
tiu
th
60W.
Ti
ln
nht
12W.
Dng bo v ngt t ng
1,5A.
Ng ra :
Mc
in
p
ra
Ub
5,1V.
Dung
sai

5%.
Dng
ng
ra
0A
-> 2A.

4.3.2 S chc nng b chuyn i in p :

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Ngun in s dng l ngun DC vi in p vo t 36-75V,

mch bin i ngun loi swiching c tn s khng i l 75KHz,
mc in p DC to ra cp cho cc vi mch l 5V-2A. Mch
chuyn i DC-DC gm 2 chc nng :
* Phn ngun t khi (1) n khi (8).
* Mch iu khin v iu chnh t (9) n (20).
Khi xy ra s c ng ra s c cnh bo bng 1 led .
Chc nng ca cc mch trong s khi nh sau :
-

Khi (1) : mch bo v cc tnh.

Khi (2) : mch gii hn dng.
Khi (3) : mch lc.
Khi (4) : mch o in.
Khi (5) : bin p xung.
Khi (6) : mch nn in t AC sang DC.
Khi (7) : mch mch lc v bo v.
Khi (8), (9), (10), (11) , (12), (13) :l cc mch so snh to
in p chun ng vo.
Khi (14),(15) :mch d in p ng ra.
Khi (16) : mch so snh in p vo in p v ra.
Khi (17) : mch so snh in p DC.
Khi (18) : mch to dao ng cp cho khi o in.

4.3.3. Phn tch s chc nng b chuyn i in

p :
(s Voltage Converter 1+)

Khi ngun hot ng theo phng thc o in, bin i t

DC sang AC, sau nn li thnh DC.
- T 48V cho php bin i t 36-75V.
- in p ra l 5V cp cho cc mch 160A, 160B, 160D, 160E
c nhim v khuch i dao ng. Transitor mosfet 152 l
transitor cng sut o in. Tn s dao ng ca mch
c quyt nh bi R39, R46 v t in 108.
Bin p xung 182, Diode 125 l mch nn in DC ng ra.
Transitor 151,150 v diode 122 l mch bo v in p ng
vo.

4.4 Mch x l lung s 34Mbit/s : (s DSMX 34/140C

2+)
-

Bn lung s 34Mbit/s c a vo thit b ghp knh ti

cc im ni F2 in, B9, B10, B12, B13, B15, B16, B18, B19.
Tn hiu 34Mbit/s c a vo bin p phi hp tr khng,
sau c a vo cc IC khuch i m 980 -> 983. Ti
y, cc lung s c gii hn bin , cn chnh sn

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xung, khuch i mc tn hiu v c a qua 2 transitor

khuch i theo kiu cc E chung.
- Tn hiu 34Mbit/s i vo c gii hn mc bin bi cc
diode 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826 v 827. Tn hiu i
ra khi mch ny to thnh 4 lung s, mi lung c 2
ng, c th l:
Lung s th nht gm 2 ng l :
+ ng th nht :D34MSH1HI (Data 34Mbit/s
transmit side, positive, channel 1).
+ ng th hai : D34MSL1HI (Data 34Mbit/s transmit
side, negative, channel 1).
Sau , 4 lung s ny c a n khi ghp 34/140Mbit/s.

4.5 Mch giao tip lung s 34Mbit/s ng vo :

(S DSMX 34/140C 3+)

Bn lung s 34Mbit/s c a vo IC 951 (l IC h thng ghp

lung) trn cc im ni : L1, M1; J2, K2; G1, H1; F1, F2. Ti IC
951, cc lung s ln lt c a qua cc mch : cn chnh
rng xung ; mch chuyn i m t HDB3 sang nh phn; mch
chuyn t song song sang ni tip; mch pht hin v chn ASI
( chn cc bit ng b khung, cc bit nghip v v cc bit ch
th chn) tng ng cho cc knh v to thnh 4 lung s
34Mbit/s hon chnh l :
DP34MS10 :Data parallel, 34Mbit/s transmit side channel 1

DP34MS40 :Data parallel, 34Mbit/s transmit side channel 4

Sau , 4 lung s ny c a n khi ghp lung.

4.6 Mch ghp lung : (S DSMX 34/140C 4+)

Khi ghp l IC 960, bn lung s c a vo IC ny qua
mch ghp chuyn t song song sang ni tip, ci v pht hin
ASI, mch chuyn i m t BIN -> CMI. To thnh lung s
140Mbit/s (m CMI) c tc 139,264Mbit/s 15. 10-6 (1
0,1)Vss /75 a n im ni F1 qua mch khuch i vi sai bi
cc transitor 912, 913 v bin p phi hp tr khng ng ra T30.
MF1 l im o th lung s 140Mbit/s pht. Ga tr danh nh
ca lung s l 150mV-> 310mVss/75.
Cp nhp cho mch l dao ng thch anh 815 vi tn s l
278, 528MHz, qua mch chia 2 c c dng xung clock cp
cho cc mch.

4.7 Mch phn lung : (S DSMX 34/140C 5+)

-

Tn hiu 140Mbit/s t thit b thu c a vo khi phn

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knh trn cc im ni F1 (B63) , a vo IC giao tip 960

qua mch lc ng vo dng ch T v mch phi hp tr
khng (bin p cch li 736).
Ti IC 960, lung tn hiu 140Mbit/s c khuch i, nng
mc, chuyn m, bin i t ni tip sang song song, to
thnh 4 lung s 34Mbit/s l :
DP34MEAI : Data parallel, 34Mbit/s receive side, channel A
DP34MEBI : Data parallel, 34Mbit/s receive side, channel C
DP34MECI : Data parallel, 34Mbit/s receive side, channel B
DP34MEDI : Data parallel, 34Mbit/s receive side, channel D

Sau , cc lung s ny c a qua cc transitor khuch i

ng ra l transitor 918, 919, 920, v 921 theo phng thc ghp
cc B chung.
Tn hiu dao ng c ly t mch nhn dng ng vo, t cun
th cp ca bin p 736 v a vo IC 960 trn cc chn ni s 7
v 8. Dao ng c to ra di dng phn tch v cng hng
hi t chui s CMI ng vo.
- Tn hiu hiu cng hng c a qua mch khuch i v
sa xung bng transitor 924.
- Tn hiu xung nhp ng h 140Mbit/s c a qua mch
chia 4, to thnh 4 lung 34Mbit/s cp nhp cho cc mch
phn lung .

4.8 Mch x l lung s 34Mbit/s ti ng ra : (S

DSMX 34/140C 6+)

Bn lung s 34Mbit/s c mang cc bit ng b, ch th chn v

bit chn, bit nghip v vi tc 139,264Mbit/s ( 4*4,816Mbit/s)
a vo IC 961. Ti n c kim sot v tch ra cc loi bit
nghip v v cc loi bit data D1, D2, D3, D4. Cc lung s data
c a qua cc mch m (buffer), mch chuyn m t n
cc sang HDB3 ri a n cc ng ra F2 l 4 lung s :
Lung 1 l : D34MEH10 :Data 34Mbit/s receive side, positive
channel 1
V D34MEL10 :Data 34Mbit/s receive side, negative
channel1

Lung 4 l : D34MEH40 :Data 34Mbit/s receive side, positive

channel 4
V D34MEL40 :Data 34Mbit/s receive side, negative
channel4
sau khi cc lung s ny c a qua cc mch phi hp tr
khng v mch hn bin .

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4.9 Ci t DIP- FIX card ghp lung DSMX 34/140 :

DIP-FIX SWITCHES
DIL-SWITCHES 70 thit lp ch cmh bo trong khi
ghp lung DSMX 34/140.

Ch cnh bo :
Trong khi ngun, n SV sng khi c s c phn ngun.
Trong khi ghp lung, n INT sng khi :
- Mt tn hiu ng b phn pht v phn thu.
- Mt ngun cung cp.
- Li trong ni b thit b.
* Cc jack kim tra : jack cp ng trc 10/23mm.
* Kim tra ng ra MF1 (MF1 out).
in
p

150mV 30V.
Tr
khng
75.
in th v ch (tr khng 75)0V
0,1V.
in
th
hot
ng
(75)
1V 0,1V
Gim st :
Sau khi cc li v nhiu c pht hin bi mch gim st trong
khi ghp knh DSMX 34/140C v vic bo hiu pht i thng qua
BUS bn trong SIG-BUS n b bo hiu chung SIG-INSET.
F2 in :
- Khng c tn hiu u vo 34Mbit/s.
- AIS u thu 140Mbit/s.
- Mt ng b khung (No AIS).
- Tn hiu ng b khung b li(BER 10-6).
- Nhn bit D.
- Nhn bit N.
- Trn b m pha thu.
INT :
- Mt ngun cung cp xung clock pha pht v pha thu.
- S c thit b.
Vic pht hin li v nhiu cng c bo co n trm xa.
iu ny nh hng ti vic cung cp bit D, bo hiu cnh bo
cho trng hp cnh bo khn cp (urgent alarm) v bit N cho
trng hp cnh bo khng khn cp (non urgent alarm).

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Trong trng hp b li bn trong thit b hoc mt tn hiu s

u vo. Mt tn hiu ASI cng c truyn i, nu c th hng
truyn dn tng ng.

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4.10 Cc tiu chun k thut ca thit b DSMX

34/140C :
a. Giao tip 140Mbit/s :

Theo tiu chun ca CCITT- blue book Group 751/table II

- Khung
thi
gian
l21,03s.
- S bit trong mt khung l
2928 bit.
- S khi trong mt khung l 6
khi.
- S bit trong mi khi l
488 bit.
- S bit ca mi lung 34Mbit/s chn vo mi khung l
723(chn m) v 722 (chn dng).
- Tc

bit
139,264Mbit/s 15%.
- M
ca
lung
140Mbit/s l CMI.
- Dng xung tn hiu F1 out
xp x xung vung.
- Bin tn hiu F1 in, F1 out1V
10%.
- Suy hao phn hi ti F1 in, F1 out trong dy 7MHz 210MHz
15dB.
- Tr khng ti F2 out, F2 in
150 (khng cn bng).
b. Giao din 34Mbit/s :
- Theo tiu chun Group 703/8
- M truyn dnHDB3.
- Tc

bit
34,368Mbit/s 20ppm.
- Bin ca lung F2(tn hiu c tnh t nh n im 0)
l 1V.
- Tr khng ti F2 out, F2 in 75 (khng cn
bng).
c. Suy hao phn hi :
-

Ti F2 in trong dy :
860KHz 1,7MHz 12dB
1,7MHz 34MHz 18dB
34MHz 52MHz 14dB

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Ti F2 out trong dy :
800KHz 24MHz 10dB
d. Giao din Y bit Interface :
-

V tr bit l 15Y1 v 16Y2 trong set 1 ca khung 140Mbit/s cho

cc ng truyn dn tn hiu hiu s c tc chm.
- Tun theo tiu chun ca khuyn ngh CCITT V11 Type 1.
- Kiu kt ni l i xng.
- Loi tn hiu nh phn.
- Tc m truyn dn l10Kbit/s.
* Ng vo :
- Tr khng l 600.
- Bin in p khong0,3V -> 6V.
* Ng ra :
- Bin
in p ra vi tr khng u cui
100 2V.
- in
tr
ni:

100.
- Dng
ngn
mch
l
150mA.
e. Giao din power, ngun cp in:
in p DC ng ra cp cho cc mch l
5,1V 0,25V
- Cng
sut
tiu
th
l
7,5W.
f. Khi chuyn i in p :
-

in p vo

-36V-> -75V
in p
ra
5,1 5%.
Cng sut ra (max)

10W.

4.11 B tr cp v kim tra lung 34Mbit/s,

140Mbit/s :
4.11.1 Kim tra lung 34Mbit/s v 140Mbit/s :

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Cc im o khai thc u th hin trn mt hp DSMX

34/140C.
o MF2 out :
- Ta c th o kim tra 4 lung 4Mbit/s out (t MF2-1 ->
MF2-4).
- o bng ossiloscope ta s nhn c dng tn hiu
HDB3 c bin 100mV 10%(nh zero), tr khng 75.
o MF2 out :
- im o gim st lung 140Mbit/s pht i.
- o bng ossiloscope ta s nhn c dng tn hiu
HDB3 c bin 100mV 10%(nh zero), tr khng 75.
o FH :im o gim st v ng b khung.

4.11.2 B tr cp 34Mbit/s v 140Mbit/s :

V tr
lp
t

F1

01

00
7

02

00
1

01
2
07
DSMX3
34/140

08
DSMX3
34/140

V tr
lp
t
00
7

00
6

Thit b
ch

V tr Ghi

DSMX 34/140C
DSMX 34/140C
DSMX 34/140C

B tr cp140Mbit/s
ca hp 34/140.

F2
00
1

Thit b
ch

V tr Ghi

DSMX 34/140C
DSMX 34/140C
DSMX 34/140C

PD

13

01
2

00
6

Ch th ca Led :(LED Indication)

B tr cp 34Mbit/s ca hp
Alarm (cnh bo)
34/140
Possible secondary alarm(cnh bo th cp).
Occuring alarm (cnh bo xy ra).
Possible occuring alarm(cnh bo c th xy ra)
* Ch thch :
1. C th ni hoc khng ni t bus A/AZ hoc B/BZ nh cc knh
ln cn.
2. C th ghp ti bus A/AZ hoc B/BZ nh cc link.
3. C th kt ni vi tn hiu li (bus A/AZ hoc B/BZ) nh cc link.

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4. C th ghp ti bus B/BZ nh cc link.

5. C th s dng cho dch v quc t.
6. Pht v tt khng tr.
7. ASI ti khng i.
8. Chuyn mch vi mt lin kt.
9. Khi c th.
10. Ch A/AZ.
11. C th ghp ti bus A/AZ hoc B/BZ nh cc link.
12. Trn khi ngun.

Chng 5:
THC

NG DNG - KHAI
v BO DNG THIT B

5.1 ng dng :
Trong h thng vin thng, cc thit b ghp lung c ng dng
rt quan trng v rng ri. Mt trong nhng ng dng m ta
c th k ra l :

5.1.1 Dng im ni im :

ng dng trong h thng in thoi :

Kt ni lin i :

DSMX

DSMX

E
1

E
1
EX2

EX1

Kt ni gia tng i vi trm v tinh :

EX

DSMX

DSMX

RSU

RSU : Remote Switching Unit

(thit b chuyn mch t xa)

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ng dng trong h thng hp bo video :

DSMX

DSMX
E1

E1
Code
x

Code
x
Monitor

Camer
a

Monitor

Camer
a

ng dng trong h thng ni mng LAN :

DSMX

DSMX

E1

E1
Cng giao
tip mng
LAN

LAN1

Cng giao
tip mng
LAN

LAN2

Cc thit b ghp knh s DSMX giao tip gia cc mng hay cc

thit b u cui (my vi tnh, in thoi).

5.1.2 Dng tuyn tnh (xen r) :

DSMX

DSMX

E
1

E
1
EX1

EX2

EX3

Hnh v nu ln mi lin kt gia cc tng i vi nhau thng qua

thit b ghp knh s DSMX.

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5.2 Kt ni trong h thng :

H thng ghp knh DSMX 2/34C c ng dng giao tip
u
trong cc trng hp sau :

1
30

Tng
i
in
t

TNL 34M

PCM 30
34M

2M

MUL
34-140

cui
Tng
i

thit
dy
bn
truy
dghp
n cp
knh
s
2Mbps
140Mb
(phn
lu
ng
ps
2Mbps)
u
cui
cp
quang
8Mbps

TNL
MUL 34cp
MUL
2
2/34
ng
34M
2M
TNLO
TNLO
cp
34M
quan
g iao
G
(phn
tip
MUL34-8
lung
micro
8Mbps)
Trong wave
h thng , thit b ghp knh DSMX c kt ni gia

cc giao tip 34Mbps (34Mbps access) v giao tip 140Mbps

nh hnh v sau :
140Mbps access

34Mbps access

2Mbps
access

2-34
Muldex

8Mbps
access

8-34
Muldex

34Mbp
s
optical
cable

34 OLTE

Micro
wave
link

140M

34M

34M

34-140
Muldex

140
OTLE

140Mbps
optical
cable

140 SF

Fiberoptic
cable

140M

34- 140
muldex

34M
access

34Mbps
digital race

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Ti trung tm o to Bu chnh -Vin thng II c trang b hon

chnh h thng truyn dn quang 34 Mbit/s v 140Mbit/s, c cu
hnh h thng nh sau:

LE
14
0

14
0

I
II

34

III
34

IV

LE
34

ODF

LWL

LE
14
0

14
0

I
II

34

III
34

IV

LE
34

LE 34 : Thit b quang LWL

34Mbit/s
LE 140 : Thit b quang
140Mbit/s

S H THNG TRUYN DN QUANG

TRUNG TM O TO BU CHNH VIN THNG 2

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Thit b truyn dn quang 140Mbit/s

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5.3 Khai thc v bo dng thit b :

5.3.1 Khai thc thit b :
Trong khai thc, cc card ca thit b c kt ni vi mt card
cnh bo Alarm Sation (ALM), card ny nhn v phn loi cc tn
hiu cnh bo, hin th bng cc n cnh bo. Ngoi ra, card
ALM cn kt ni vi cc n ch th bn ngoi, cc b phn gim
st v qun l.

Cnh bo
trm

34Mbps
140Mbps

34Mbps
140Mbps

Bo v v
bo hiu

STS loops

34 140
muldex

34 140
muldex

Card
Station
Alarm

MULDEX 34 140

STS loops : System Techical Supervisition loops

5.3.2 Bo dng thit b :

Vic bo dng thit b DSMX 34/140C v DSMX 2/34C u

tng t nhau, ta phi kim tra thng xuyn ngun cung cp
cho cc thit b v phi thay i ngn trong khong thi gian 3
nm. Ngoi ra trong trng hp mt ngun in li trong khong
thi gian 30 gi, ta cng phi thay th bng ngun accu cho thit
b m bo thit b c hot ng lin tc.
Mt iu quan ttrng khc l phi lun ch n n cnh bo
cho thit b (nh c ni trn ) kp thi sa cha cc s
c xy ra trong thi gian ngn nht.

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CHNG KT LUN
I. TM TT :
Sau 18 tun lm vic vi s n lc c gng ca bn thn v s
nhit tnh gip ca cc thy hng dn, em hon thnh
ti kho st h thng ghp knh, lung 2Mbit/s 140Mbit/s vi
y cc nhim v ca ti cng nh yu cu ca gio vin
hng dn .
Trong ti ny, em tm hiu v l thuyt ghp knh, lung
ang c s dng rng ri hin nay v cc thit b ghp lung
ca hng SIEMEN. l nhng vn thit thc m mi ngi
hot ng trong ngnh vin thng cn phi nm vng. Hy vng
n gip ch cho em trong lnh vc cng tc sau ny.
II. T NH GIA :
Khi tin hnh thc hin lun vn ny, em ht sc c gng trnh
by cc vn t khi qut n chi tit vi mong mi thuyt phc
c ngi c. ti kho st hot ng v ng dng thc t
ca h thng. Em hon thnh ti ng yu cu ca gio
vin hng dn v c hnh thc cng nh ni dung.
III. HNG PHT TRIN TI :
Vi s hn ch v thi gian, ti cng nh s qu mi m ca
vn khng cho php em nghin cu thm cc h thng ghp
knh lung khc nh SDH, ATM l nhng vn ht sc hp
dn v cn thit cho nhng ai hot ng, cng tc trong ngnh
vin thng.
Hy vng cc sinh vin kha sau s k tha ti ny
nghin cu, pht trin tm hiu thm cc h thng nu trn v
y l mt lnh vc quan trng, mi m, cn thit trong cng cuc
cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc.

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Ti liu tham kho

1.Bi ging: K THUT GHP KNH - H Vn Cu
2.GHP KNH S CP CAO H Vn Cu
3.VI BA S Tp 1 v 2 , Nh xut bn Khoa Hc v K
Thut
4.DIGITAL MULTIPEXER INSET DSMX 2/34C S42023-C3009A1,-A104
Siemen training Center for Communication Networks
5.DIGITAL MULTIPEXER INSET DSMX 34/140C S42023C3711-A1,-A101
Siemen training Center for Communication Networks

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