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CCH NH 11 IU KIN INCOTERMS 2010

1. Nhm E-

EXW-Ex Works-Giao hng ti xng

Gi ti c mt mn hng, ti mun bn v ti khng chu bt c trch nhim g v l hng , t xin giy php xut khu n thu phng tin vn chuyn, thu tu ngha l rt li v khng c cht trch nhim g v th tc th l iu kin nhm E .Vy nh, khi no mnh mun bn hng v chng mun lm th tc g hy nh n nhm E 2. Nhm F Trong nhm F c 3 nhm l FOB, FCA, FAS. Vy b quyt nh khi cn n nhm F l th no? Hy nh F l free ngha l khng c trch nhim, vy khng c trch nhim vi g, khng c trch nhim vi vic vn chuyn t cng bc hng n cng d hng. l nt c bn ca nhm F. Vy u l c s phn bit,chia ra 3 nhm FCA, FAS, FOB. Xin tr li, c s chnh l trch nhim vn chuyn hng t c s ca ngi bn ln tu: 2.1.

Ch bc hng ln phng tin vn ti ngi mua gi n nhn hng nu v tr nm trong c s ca ngi mua. Sau khi bc hng ln phng tin vn ti l ti ht trch nhim.
Ly v d , ti bn 2 container v n chiu sng theo iu kin FCA sang M, c s sn xut ca ti K Anh. Nu ti giao hng c s K Anh, th ti phi thu xe nng chuyn hng ln xe container chuyn dng do ngi mua gi n. Ly trng hp, vn bn theo iu kin FCA, nhng giao hng kho trung chuyn Tn Cng chng hn, lc ny vic vn chuyn hng ln xe container chuyn dng do ngi mua gi n, ngi mua phi t lo ly. Nghe c v khng cng bng, thc ra th ngi bn phi vn chuyn hng n tn kho trung chuyn ri cn g. iu ny c li cho nhng nh xut khu, bn hng nhiu, c v tr tp kt hng tt. Lm th no nh c tnh cht c bn ca nhm FCA? - Nh n FCA hy nh t C-Carrier ,Free Carrier - Min trch nhim vn chuyn, chnh l ngha phn tch trn

FCA-Free Carrier-Giao hng cho ngi chuyn ch

2.2

FAS-Free alongside-Giao hng dc mn tu:

Nhm ny, trch nhim ngi bn, cao hn nhm FCA, ngha l khng giao hng ti c s sn xut hay im trung chuyn nh trn m ngi bn phi thu phng tin vn chuyn

a hng xp dc mn tu.

nh c tnh ny hy nh t Free Alongside n khi xp dc mn tu th min trch nhim.

2.3

FOB-Free on Board-Giao hng ln tu

iu kin FAS trch nhim ta l giao hng n mn tu, th cn nu khi bc hng t mn tu ln tu, chng may hng b v th sao, ai chu trch nhim? Ai tr chi ph bc hng ny? Tr li cu hi trn chnh l iu kin FOB. Vy nh n FOB, hy nh n trch nhim ca chng ta l phi giao hng ln n tu, ngha l chu trch nhim cu hng ln tu. T Free on board ni ln iu Min trch nhim khi giao hng ln tu. Nh vy trong iu kin nhm F , hy nh 2 im quan trng: 1. Trch nhim chuyn ch tng dn: FCA--------->>>FAS--------->>> FOB 2. Chu chi ph lm th tc xut khu, np thu v l ph xut khu. Vy l t nhm E, ti ch giao hng thi, cn ngi mua mun lm sao th lm. n nhm F, trch nhim c nng ln mt t, tc l c cp n trch nhim chuyn ch.Vy cao hn na l g? l m nhn lun vic chuyn ch n cng d hng cho ngi mua. Khi ngh n vic thu tu v chuyn ch t cng i n cng n hy nh n nhm C. Chc chn t gi nh n nhm C l t cost t cc ph.

3. Nhm C : m nhn lun vic chuyn ch n cng d hng cho ngi mua.
Nh vy, ni n nhm C, l ni n thm chi ph ngi bn s lo thm t vic thu tu, n vic chuyn ch v bc hng, cng nh bo him cho cc ri ro trong qu trnh chuyn ch. V nhng tnh cht ny cng l c s phn bit cc iu kin trong nhm C

3.1

CFR-Cost and Freight-Tin hng v cc ph

n gin l ngi bn phi chu thm chi ph chuyn ch n cng d hng, cn chi ph d hng do ngi mua chu nu c tha thun. Gi CFR = Gi FOB (giao hng ln tu) + F (Cc ph vn chuyn)

3.2

Qu trnh chuyn ch t cng mua n cng bn l do ngi bn chu ri nhng nu dc ng i, chng may hng ha b hng th sao? R rng l cn phi mua bo him cho hng. Nh vy CIF ging CFR ngai vic ngi bn phi mua bo him. Thng th mua bo him mc ti thiu theo FPA hay ICC(C) -110% gi tr hng ha giao dch.B quyt nh nhm CIF vi cc nhm khc l t I-Insurance-Bo him Gi CIF=Gi FOB + F(cc vn chuyn) +(CIF x R)= (FOB+F)/(1-R) ------C nhng doanh nghip mua hng, lm sang, mc d ta chuyn hng n cng nhng h cha tha mn, mun ta chuyn cng ty hay a im h ch nh nm su trong ni a, do vy pht sinh thm iu kin CPT,CIP

CIF-Cost-Insurance and Freight-Tin hng, bo him v cc ph

3.3

CPT-Carriage padi to-Cc ph tr ti

CPT= CFR + F (Cc ph vn chuyn t cng d hng n v tr nhn hng do ngi bn ch nh). c im ni bt ca CPT l ch , ging ht CFR, ngoi ra cn thm cc ph vn chuyn t cng d hng n v tr nhn hng do ngi bn ch nh

3.4

CIP = CIF + (I+F) (Cc ph vn chuyn v bo him t cng d hng n v tr nhn hng do ngi bn ch nh) = CPT+I (Cc ph bo him t cng d hng n v tr nhn hng do ngi bn ch nh) Nh vy trong nhm C, c cc lu sau : Trch nhim lm th tc nhp khu, np thu v l ph nhp khu thuc ngi mua. Trch nhim ngi bn tng dn CFR ------->>> CIF------->>> CPT------->>> CIP CIF, CFR ch p dng phng tin vn ti thy CPT, CIP p dng ng st, ng b, ng hng khng, v c vn ti a phng thc Ta thy 3 nhm trn l tng i nhng ti sao li c thm nhm D? Cu tr li l c nhng yu cu m iu kin giao hng, n khng nm trong bt k iu kin no trong cc nhm trn, hoc phi p dng cc iu kin trn nhng km theo l cc iu khon b sung. Ly v d : V d 1: Cng ty Vit Nam Ph Th bn vi sy p kh cho Trung Quc qua ca khu Lng Sn, iu kin Trung Quc yu cu l giao hng cho Trung Quc trn cc xe ti ti bin gii , vic chuyn ch, thu xe n im quy nh trn bin gii l do cty Vit Nam m nhn, cn vic bc d hng t xe ti xung ti im giao hng, pha Trung Quc s lo. Vy ta kim tra xem, p dng c iu khon no, trong cc nhm E,F,C m ta hc khng nh : Nhm E: Chc chn l khng ri, yu cu giao hng ti ca khu Lng Sn, m vi th thu gom Ph Th, nu theo E th cty Vit Nam ch giao hng Ph Th thi. Nhm F: FCA: Khng c, bi pha Trung Quc khng ng thu t vo tn PH Th ly vi. FAS: Khng c, iu kin ny ch p dng vi phng tin vn ti thy FOB: Khng c, iu kin ny ch p dng vi phng tin vn ti thy Nhm C: CFR: Khng c, iu kin ny ch p dng vi phng tin vn ti thy CIF: Khng c, iu kin ny ch p dng vi phng tin vn ti thy CPT: Nghe c v c, nhng CPT l ngi mua thu phng tin vn ti chuyn hng n kho cho ngi bn t cng d hng nhng y pha Trung Quc ch yu cu giao hng ngay ti bin gii, khng cn chuyn ch i u c, vic d hng v chuyn n kho h s lo

CIP-Carriage and insurance paid to-Cc ph v bo him tr ti

CIP: Cng tng t nh CPT khng p dng c. V d 2: Mt cng ty Vit Nam xut hng thy sn l tm ng lnh sang cho Nht, pha Nht yu cu giao ti cng Kobe cho h, cn vic bc hng xung h s t lo, pha Vit Nam ch cn a cc con tu ch hng n cng Kobe an ton l c. Trong trung hp ny, r rng l c th p dng iu kin CFR , nhng Vi CFR , ngi bn phi m bo cho hng an ton sau khi qua lan can tu ti cng n. Cn trong trng hp ny, doanh nhip Nht s t lo, anh Vit Nam ch cn a hng an ton n cng v m bo hng nm trn tu an tan l c. Vy, nu mun p dng CFR, phi k thm tha thun l pha Vit Nam ch chu a hng an ton n cng v m bo hng nm trn tu an ton l c. Qua 2 v d trn, ta thy s cn thit c nhm D

4. Nhm D 1.

Ngha l ngi bn giao hng, khi hng ha d khi phng tin vn ti n ti 1 bn theo quy nh. y ngi bn ch chu ri ro n khi hng ha c giao Trng hp mun ngi bn chu ri ro v chi ph vn chuyn hng t bn n a im khc th nn dng iu kin DAP hoc DDP, vy th lm th no phn bit DAP v DDP...., cu tr li nm ri ro v chi ph thng quan nhp khu -Nu cc bn mun ngi mua chu mi ri ro v chi phi thng quan nhp khu th nn s dng DAP -Nu cc bn mun ngi bn lm th tc thng quan nhp khu, tr thu v chi ph lin quan n nhp khu th s dng DDP

DAT-Delireres at terminal- Giao hng ti bn

2.

-Delivered at place-Giao hng ti ni n (ngi mua chu mi ri ro v chi phi thng quan nhp khu) Ngi bn chu mi ri ro cho n khi hng c t di s nh ot ca ngi mua trn phng tin vn ti n v sn sng d ti ni n 3 -Delivered duty paid-Giao hng thng quan nhp khu (ngi bn lm th tc thng quan nhp khu, tr thu v chi ph lin quan n nhp khu)
Ngha l ngi bn chu mi ri ro lin quan a hng n ni n v c ngha v thng quan nhp khu---> DDP th hin ngha v thi a ca ngi bn.

DAP

.DDP

Mt s lu : 1.Trch nhim thu phng tin vn ti:* Nhm E,F :ngi mua . a im giao hng ti ni n. * Nhm C,D:ngi bn . a im giao hng ti ni i.

4 iu kin ch p dng cho vn ti ng bin v ng thy ni a :FAS, FOB,

CFR, CIF : a im chuyn giao hng l cng bin. 2.Trch nhim v mua bo him i vi hng ha: * Nhm E,F: ngi mua. * Nhm D: ngi bn. * Nhm C: o CIF, CIP: ngi bn. o CFR, CPT: ngi mua. 3.Trch nhim v lm th tc hi quan i vi hng ha. Xut khu: * EXW : ngi mua. * 10 iu kin cn li :ngi bn. Nhp khu : * DDP:ngi bn. * 10 iu kin cn li l ngi mua.

Jump to: EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP FAS FOB CFR CIF EXW (Ex Works) Giao ti xng Ngi mua s chu ton b ph tn v ri ro trong vic a hng t u ngi bn n im cui cng. Ngi bn c trch nhim t hng di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua ti ni giao hng (xng, nh my, nh kho). iu khon ny th hin trch nhim ti thiu ca ngi bn. iu khon ny c dng cho tt c cc hnh thc vn chuyn Ngi bn c ngha v giao hng, lm th tc xut khu cho n tn khi giao cho nh chuyn ch c ch nh bi ngi mua ti im hoc a im c ch nh. Nu ngi mua khng ch r a im giao hng chnh xc, ngi bn s chn trong nhng im hoc a im ni m nh chuyn ch s nhn hng. Khi ngi bn c yu cu h tr tm v k hp ng vi nh chuyn ch, trch nhim ri ro v ph tn ngi mua s phi gnh chu. iu khon ny c dng cho tt c cc hnh thc vn chuyn Ngi bn tr cc vn chuyn n ch. Ri ro v h hng v mt mt hng ha sau khi hng c giao cho ngi chuyn ch s c

FCA (Free Carrier) Giao cho nh chuyn ch

CPT (Carriage Paid To) Tr cc ti

chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua. iu khon ny ngi bn c trch nhim lm th tc xut khu. iu khon ny cng c dng cho tt c cc hnh thc chuyn ch. CIP Ngi bn c ngha v ging nh iu kin CPT (Carriage & insurance Paid to) nhng c thm trch nhim mua bo him cho Tr cc v bo him ti nhng ri ro v h hi, tn tht hng ha trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. Ngi bn c ngha v lm th tc xut khu, tuy nhin ch c trch nhim mua bo him mc thp nht. iu khon ny cho php s dng vi tt c cc loi hnh chuyn ch. DAT (Delivered At Terminal) Giao ti bn L iu kin mi b sung trong Incoterms 2010. iu kin ny c th c s dng cho tt c cc loi hnh chuyn ch. Ngi bn ch c coi l giao hng khi hng ha c d t phng tin vn ti xung bn, cng hoc a im ch c ch nh v t di s nh ot ca ngi mua. Bn bao gm c cu tu, nh kho, bi container hay ng b, ng st hay nh ga sn bay. Hai bn tha thun v bn giao v nu c th ghi r a im trong bn ni l thi im chuyn giao ri ro v hng ha t ngi bn sang ngi mua. Nu nh ngi bn chu cc chi ph vn chuyn t bn n mt a im khc th cc iu khon DAP hay DDP s c p dng. Trch nhim Ngi bn c ngha v t hng n ni c ghi trong hp ng. Ngi bn c ngha v m bo rng hp ng chuyn ch ca h l cho hp hp ng mua bn hng ha Ngi bn c ngha v lm cc th tc xut khu Ngi mua c ngha v lm cc th tc nhp khu, th tc hi quan v np thu Nu hai bn tha thun rng ngi bn chu cc ph tn v ri ro t bn ch n mt a im khc th s p dng iu khon DAP

DAP (Delivered At Place) Giao ti a im

L iu kin mi b sung trong Incoterms 2010. iu kin ny c th c s dng cho tt c cc loi hnh chuyn ch. Ngi bn giao hng khi hng ha t di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua trn phng tin vn ti n ch v sn sng cho vic d hng xung a im ch. Cc bn c khuyn co nn xc nh cng r cng tt im giao hng ti khu vc a im ch, bi vi chnh l thi im chuyn giao ri ro v hng ha t ngi bn sang ngi mua. Nu ngi bn c ngha v lm th tc nhp khu, np thu iu khon DDP s c p dng. Trch nhim Ngi bn c ngha v v ri ro giao hng n a im tha thun Ngi bn c yu cu k hp ng vn chuyn thch hp vi hp ng mua bn hng ha Ngi bn c ngha v lm cc th tc xut khu Cc ph tn d hng ti im ch, nu khng c tha thun trc, ngi bn s khng phi gnh chu Ngi mua c ngha v h tr cung cp cc giy t cn thit lm hi quan v np thu Ngi bn c ngha v giao hng n a im tha thun ti nc nhp khu, bao gm vic chu ht cc ph tn v ri ro cho n khi hng n ch, gm c cc chi ph thu v khai hi quan. iu khon ny khng phn bit hnh thc vn chuyn. Ngi bn c cho l hon tt ngha v giao hng khi hng c t cnh mn tu ti cng giao hng, t thi im ny ngi mua s chu mi ph tn v ri ro v hng ha. Ngi mua ng thi c ngha v lm th tc xut khu. iu khon ny ch s dng trong vn chuyn ng bin hoc ng sng

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) Giao tr thu

FAS (Free Alongside Ship)

FOB (Free On Board)

Ngi mua chu mi ph tn v ri ro ngay sau khi hng c giao qua lan can tu ti cng xut khu. Ngi bn c ngha v lm th tc xut khu. iu khon ny ch p dng cho vn ti ng bin hoc ng sng. Ngi bn chu cc ph tn v tr cc vn chuyn n cng ch. Thi im chuyn giao ri ro t ngi bn sang ngi mua l ngay sau khi hng c giao qua lan can tu ti cng xut. Ngi bn c ngha v lm cc th tc xut khu. iu khon ny ch p dng cho vn chuyn ng bin v ng sng. Ngi bn c ngha v ging nh iu khon CFR tuy nhin ngi bn c thm ngha v mua bo him ri ro v h hi v tn tht hng ha trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. Ngi bn c ngha v lm cc th tc xut khu. iu khon ny ch p dng cho vn ti ng bin hoc ng sng.

CFR (Cost and FReight)

CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight)

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