Mng PROFIBUS PROFIBUS - Process Field Bus.

y l mt chun truyn thng c SIEMENS pht trin t nm 1987 trong DIN 19245. PROFIBUS l ch vit tt ca Process Field Bus, l mt tiu chun mng trng c pht trin u tin ti c nm 1987, sau ny tr thnh tiu chun ca chu u EN 50 170 vo nm 1996 v tr thnh tiu chun quc t IEC 61158 vo u nm 2000. PROFIBUS c thit lp theo phng php h truyn thng m, khng ph thuc vo nh ch to (Open Communication Network) phc v cho cc cp phn xng v cp trng. Mng PROFIBUS tun theo chun EN 50170 cho php kt ni cc b iu khin PLC, cc thit b vo/ra phn tn, cc b lp trnh PC/PG, cc c cu chp hnh, cc thit b hng khc. Mng PROFIBUS c cung cp theo ba chng loi tng thch nhau: PROFIBUS DP (Distributed Peripheral) phc v cho vic trao i thng tin nh nhng i hi tc truyn nhanh. PROFIBUS DP c xy dng ti u cho vic kt ni cc thit b trng vi my tnh iu khin. PROFIBUS DP pht trin nhm p ng yu cu cao v tnh nng thi gian trong trao i d liu, gia cp iu khin cng nh cc b PLC hoc cc my tnh cng nghip vi cc ngoi vi phn tn cp trng nh cc thit b o, truyn ng v van. Vic trao i ch yu c thc hin tun hon theo c ch Master/Slave. Vi s trm ti a trong mt mng l 126, PROFIBUS DP cho php s dng cu hnh mt trm ch (Mono Master) hoc nhiu trm ch (Multi Master). Mt c trng na ca PROFIBUS DP l tc truyn cao, c th ln ti 12 Mbit/s. PROFIBUS FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification) trao i lng thng tin trung bnh gia cc thnh vin bnh ng vi nhau trong mng. PROFIBUS FMS c dng ch yu cho vic ni mng cc my tnh iu khin v gim st. Mng ny ch thc hin cc lp 1, 2, 7 theo m hnh quy chiu OSI. Do c im ca cc ng dng trn cp iu khin v iu khin gim st, d liu ch yu c trao i vi tnh cht khng nh k. PROFIBUS PA (Process Automation) c thit k ring cho nhng khu vc nguy him. PROFIBUS PA l s m rng ca PROFIBUS DP v phng php truyn dn an ton trong mi trng d chy n theo chun IEC 61158-2. PROFIBUS PA l loi bus trng thch hp cho cc h thng iu khin phn tn trong cc ngnh cng nghip ho cht v ho du. Thit b chuyn i (DP/PA-Link) c s dng tch hp ng mng PA vi mng PROFIBUS DP. iu ny m bo cho ton b thng tin c th c truyn lin tc trn h thng mng PROFIBUS bao gm c DP v PA.

Mt s ng dng Profibus tiu biu trn th gii: Nh my ng chai Coca-Cola ti HM Interdrink c

Nh ha hc John S. Pemberton pht minh ra mt loi thuc mi gi l Coca-Cola nm 1886. Sau lng tiu th Coca-Cola gia tng mt cch nhanh chng 450 triu chai nc ngt t Coca-Cola c tiu th hng ngy trn hn 185 quc gia v mt iu kin sn xut ti u cn phi c p ng yu cu cao ca th trng. Hon cnh a HM Interdrink & Co. KG quyt nh lp dt dy chuyn sn xut mi ti Mannhem nm 1993/94.

Yu cu
HM Interdrink cn mt gii php ton phn c th ti u ha chi ph, tin cy v sn xut c nhiu. Thit k c la chn s dng PROFIBUS-DP cho vic vn chuyn nhanh cc d liu chu trnh v PROFIBUS-FMS cho vic vn chuyn cc d liu khng ng b vi dung lng ln. Hai giao thc c s dng cho cc loi iu khin khc trong dy chuyn sn xut.

Trnh t sn xut

Cc v chai c vn chuyn bi bng chuyn t gi k n nh my, ti y cc chai c tho ra v phn loi da vo tui th v loi nc cha bn trong sau ny. Cc trm I/O phn tn thu thp tt c cc tn hiu cn thit ca qu trnh sn xut c gi n PLC thng qua PROFIBUS-DP. B thay i vn tc truyn ng motor ca cng ty DANFOSS c iu khin thng qua PROFIBUS iu chnh vn tc ca bng ti theo tc sn xut thc. Nhng tin ch gi/nhn phc tp trong h thng iu khin l khng cn thit PROFIBUS-DP cung cp ch truyn d liu n gin gip ti u ha vn tc ca qu trnh sn xut. Cc thit b u cui thng minh, c loi di hng trm mt, trn PLC gn trc tip vo cc m un I/O. B truyn ng motor c iu khin thng qua chui d liu trong PLC, cho php cu hnh cc thng s n gin nh: thi gian p ng, im t vn tc Sau khi c m np v quan st, chai s c gi n my ra. Thit b quan st ny s kim tra cht c trong chai s dng thit b o lng dn xut, mu sc iu khin bng laser, hng ngoi. Mt chu trnh c tin hnh nhm kim tra v sinh tuyt i ca chai. B phn sau my ra c iu khin bi mt PLC th hai cung cp cc tn hiu iu khin thng qua PROFIBUS-DP v iu khin vn tc ca bng ti s dng b truyn ng thay i vn tc c. Sau khi c lm sch, b phn kim tra kim tra chng c ng kch c, bin dng, r r, hng ren, mu sc v cc hng hc khc. Mi chai c kim tra trong khi di chuyn s dng h thng x l nh v n chp bo hiu. b phn in y, l trung tm ca nh my v iu khin vn tc chu trnh ca ton b nh my, cho ra 50,000 chai mt gi. N c s dng 1 bng chuyn vi 154 trm in y, y cc chai ln u tin c in y vi cacbon ioxit lm gim thi gian in y. S cn bng p sut trong chai m bo chai c in y m khng b dng xoy, mc cht lng trong chai c iu khin bng in t dn xut ca sn phm. Sau cc chai c a i dn nhn vi cc d liu sn xut. Sau khi c ng gi, sn phm hon chnh c th c ct trong kho giao cho khch hng. Sn phm cht lng cao c bo m bi nh my x l nc hin i, mt thit b pha trn thng minh, mt nh my ccbon ha cho vic lm giu CO2 v b thu thp d liu sn xut trung tm(PDA). Sau khi x l nc bng mn lc (lc cacbon hoc tnh) v lm giu vi cacbon ioxit, tt c thc ung c thm vo si r hoc ng c trc tip pha trn v iu khin x dng phng php trc tip trnh vic lu tr trung gian cc thc ung thnh phm.Tt c cc d liu sn xut c gi n b PDA v c th c xem xt ti mt PC ti phng gim st cht lng bi ngi qun l.

Tng kt
PROFIBUS th hin rt xut sc trong sut 3 nm hot ng. Vn hnh n gin, tin cy, trong sut qu trnh sn xut, linh hot khi m rng hoc hiu chnh nh my, cc tnh nng ph cho phn tch li v cui cng chi ph khng cao/ ch s li nhun l cc yu t quyt nh. Vic truyn d liu PROFIBUS rt d dng: mt i cp hai li xon v mt ch giao thc tiu chun l tt c nhng g cn kt ni mt mng cng nghip rng ln vi cc trm nh PLC, b iu chnh vn tc motor, u cui thng minh v PC. Truyn thng theo chun s m bo khng ko b vn v giao tip nhanh m khng cn cc

chng trnh ph. PROFIBUS gim n mc thp nht cc kh khn trong vic lp t vi giao thc linh hot, tiu chun ha v thn thin. Thm ch nu mt hoc vi trm b hng, th cc trm khc vn tip tc hot ng bnh thng. Nu mt thit b b li cn phi thay th, ch cn t a ch trm v ni thit b mi vo mng - cu hnh, nu cn, s c thc hin trc tip mt cch t ng. Vi nhng kinh nghim c c n nay vi h thng mng cng nghip PROFIBUS, HM Interdrink tip tc chn PROFIBUS cho k hoch xy dng dy chuyn sn xut mi.

Nh my pha ch du kh ca Shell (c)

Nh my pha ch du kh ca Shell t ti Hamburg sn xut hn 350.000 tn cc loi sn phm t du kh mi nm, v l nh my ln nht ca Shell trn ton th gii. Trong qu trnh hin i ha ton nh my, ban lnh o quyt nh nng cp ton b h iu khin v gim st p ng yu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng. Nh my c m rng trn din tch khong 1 km2 v gm c mt mng 150 tank ng du vi dung lng ln n 700m3/tank. Nh my pha ch du th vi 200 ph gia khc sn xut khong 630 sn phm khc nhau. T yu cu trn, Deutsche Shell AG quyt nh p dng mt gii php t ng ha tin tin da trn cng ngh giao tip phn tn hin i. Phng iu khin trung tm s dng phn mm Total Plant Batch v h thng th gic Honeywell SCAN 3000. Nhng thit b ny c ni vi Simantic S5 PLC s dng Ethernet cng nghip. Cng c Commuwin 2 ca Endres and Hauser ni trc tip vi PROFIBUS c s dng cu hnh cc b truyn tn hiu E&H. Xt v tng th, ton nh my gm hn 9000 thit b v cm bin t 8 nh sn xut. Ton b chng c ni thng vi nhau bng PROFIBUSDP, PA v AS-Interface. Phng iu khin cc b ca nh my s dng PLC ca Siemens v mng PROFIBUS kt ni vi h thng th gic Honeywell SCAN 3000 trong phng iu khin. Khong 500 thit b o tn hiu analog s dng trong nh my c ni vi nhau v ton b thit b khc trong nh my thng qua PROFIBUS-PA. Mng PROFIBUS-PA c ni vi mng PROFIBUS-DP tc nhanh hn bng b ghp. 90% im o c ni qua AS-Interface. AS-Interface c ni vi mng DP mc cao hn s dng cng chun.

Nh my ng chai ru Jonny Walker (Scotland)

Jonny Walker, mt thng hiu ru ut-ki hng u th gii ca Scotland c ng chai ti khu ng chai United Distillers, Ayrshire, Scotland. Gn y nh my ng chai ru Jonny Walker c cng ty Scomagg nng cp thit b da trn nn PROFIBUS gip iu khin nh my lc th. Trong nh my ny, hn hp ru ut-ki c vn chuyn bng ng ng ti b cha pha mu. Ti y, n c lm lnh, lc v un nng. Cui cng hn hp c chuyn ti 40 b cha ng chai khc t cch y 500m. Nhng I/O truyn thng gm 18 cm bin nhit , 18 van iu khin nhit , 6 b chuyn mch p sut, 7 lu lng k, 7 van iu khin lu lng v 1 b m xung. Cn mng PROFIBUS ni c 62 b cha, trong gm 292 van iu khin, 19 thc o

mc, 102 b chuyn mch mc, 4 b chuyn mch p sut, 6 SIL, 15 MCC I/F, 22 nt v 44 n. Tng din tch ni mng gn 1 km v tc truyn d liu l 500 kB/s. Ton mng c 72 nt trong 5 on PROFIBUS gm c 900 u vo v 500 u ra. Li ch m PROFIBUS mang li khng ch l chi ph gim, hot ng hiu qu, tin cy cao m cn c din tch bao ph rng, tit kim khng gian.

Nh my sn xut kem Tai Chang Wall (Trung Quc)

Nh my sn xut kem Tai Chang Wall l mt chi nhnh ca cng ty Li Hua. Nh my ny sn xut cc loi kem tiu th trong th trng Trung Quc. Cc loi kem ca nh my tr nn quen thuc vi ngi dn nc s ti. Vo nm 1995, nh my quyt nh hin i ha nh my nhm tng cng kh nng cung ng c v cht v lng, p ng th hiu khch hng. Trong khi ln k hoch thc hin, nh my nhn thy rng nn s dng cng ngh iu khin hin i nht da trn chun lin lc quc t mi p ng c yu cu sn xut ln. Chnh v vy, ban lnh o nh my quyt nh s dng SIMATIC PCS lm h iu khin trung tm. Nhm tit kim cng sc lp t v thi gian a nh my mi vo hot ng, PROFIBUS c s dng ni thng cc thit b hin trng vi h iu khin trung tm. Ton b chuyn sn xut do 2 nhn vin ngi trong phng iu khin trung tm gim st v vn hnh. Hai PLC TI505 lm nhim v iu khin thi gian thc ton b chuyn sn xut. Ngoi ra, hai PLC ny cn lm chc nng nh trm ch ca PROFIBUS-DP Fieldbus v thc thi nhim v lin lc chnh bao gm cu hnh, gim st v iu khin. PFOFIBUS truyn ti ton b thng tin t thit b hin trng t phn tn ti nhiu im trong nh my ti b iu khin trung tm. Nhiu ng ng v van c s dng trn cc loi nguyn liu lm kem. Van c iu khin bng nhng mun iu khin van ngay ti sn my (nhng mun ny ca Festo). Nhng mun iu khin ny c h tr giao thc PROFIBUS-DP v c ni vi cc bus PROFIBUS-DP nh nhng trm t. Thng qua PROFIBUS-DP, b iu khin trung tm c th iu khin v gim st trc tip ton b van. Kt qu ca vic s dng PROFIBUS-DP l nh my kem Tai Chang Wall khng phi lp t hng trm si cp song song truyn thng tin t thit b hin trng ti b iu khin trung tm. Hn na, linh hot trong sn xut cng c nng ln, v vi kh nng chun on thng minh ca PROFIBUS nn thi gian cht trong sn xut gim ng k.

PROFIBUS DP
Profibus l mt chun thng tin cng nghip m ph hp vi nhiu ng dng t ng ha v iu khin cc qu trnh cng nghip. Profibus c 3 Communication Profiles: FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification) thng c s dng cho Bus h thng cp iu khin gim st; DP (Distributed Peryphery) s dng kt ni thit b iu khin vi cc ngoi vi phn tn; PA (Process Automation) l s m rng ca DP s dng trong mi trng chng chy, n.

Hnh 1: Tng quan thng tin vi Profibus Profibus DP c thit k trao i d liu cp thit b trng. , cc thit b iu khin nh PLC/PC hay cc thit b iu khin qu trnh khc c th thng tin vi cc thit b trng phn tn nh I/O, cc b driver v van cng nh cc thit b o thng qua mt Bus thng tin ni tip tc cao. D liu trao i vi cc thit b phn tn ny ch yu l theo chu k. Cc chc nng thng tin cn thit c nh ngha trong hm DP c bn. DP cng m rng vi cc dch v thng tin khng theo chu k cho vic thng s ha, gim st v cnh bo i vi cc thit v trng "thng minh". Profibus DP s dng chun RS-485 v cp quang cho phn truyn dn tn hiu. Trong chun RS-485 thng dng hn v n c gi thnh thp, d u ni, tc truyn cao. RS-485 c cu trc dng Bus, s dng cp i xon c v bc chng nhiu lm mi trng truyn dn. Thng thng ngi ta hay s dng cp kiu A vi cc thng s sau: Tr khng 135W n 165W Dung khng <30 pF/m in tr vng 110W/km Thit din dy > 0,34 mm2 Tc truyn c th chn t 9,6 kbps n 12Mbps. Khong cch truyn ln nht 1200 m RS-485 khng nh ngha kiu jack u do khi u ni ta phi ch xem hng dn ca nh sn xut u ni cho ng. Cc thit b ca SIEMENS hay dng jack Dsub 9 chn cho kt ni vi chn 3 l chn Tx/Rx+ v chn 8 l Tx/Rx-, chn 1 c ni

vi v chng nhiu. Mi mt on mng c ti a 32 nt mng m khng cn repeater. Nu c repeater ta c th m rng s nt trn mng ln 126 nt. hai u nt ca ng truyn yu cu ni mt in tr kt thc gim sng phn x gy nhiu tn hiu. Do cu trc mng dng Bus nn Profibus i hi mt giao thc iu khin truy nhp ng truyn. Phng php iu khin truy nhp ng truyn ca Profibus l s kt hp ca hai phng php Master/Slave v Token Bus. Trong mng Profibus c hai loi thit b l thit b Master (c th l PC, PLC hay cc thit b iu khin khc) v Slave (cc I/O phn tn, cc thit b trng..). Trong mng ch c mt thit b l Master (Mono Master) th iu khin truy nhp ng truyn theo Master/Slave. Khi Master hi v Slave tr li cc yu cu t Master. Trong mng c nhiu Master (Multi Master) th iu khin truy nhp l s kt hp c hai phng php: gia cc Master s dng phng php Token Bus v gia Master vi Slave s dng phng php Master/Slave. Mt Master qun l mt hay nhiu Slave v Slave c th b truy nhp bi nhiu Master.

Hnh 3: Truy cp theo cu hnh Multi Master trong Profibus. Lp DataLink ca Profibus cung cp bn dch v trao i s liu. SDN ( Send Data with No Acknowledge) c dng cho vic gi ng lot ti tt c cc thit b trong mng (broadcast) hay gi ti mt nhm thit b (Multicast). SDA (Send Data with Acknowledge) v SRD ( Send and Request Data with Reply) l cc dch v trao i d liu c xc nhn, trong SRD bn nhn phi gi d liu tr li. CSRD ( Cyclic Send and Request Data with Reply) l dch v trao i d liu tun hon. Profibus cung cp 4 kiu bn tin khc nhau cho truyn d liu v gi th bi. Trng thi lm vic ca Profibus DP c xc nh thng qua trang thi ca trm ch. C 3 trng thi hot ng l: Operate truyn theo chu k d liu u vo/ra; Clear c u vo v gi u ra trng thi an ton; Stop khng truyn d liu ca ng dng, ch cho php tham s ha v chun on. Profibus DP c cc lnh cho php ng b cc u vo v ra. Ch Sync ng b ha d liu u ra v ch Freeze dng ng b ha d liu u vo.

Trao i d liu gia Master v cc Slave gn cho n thc hin tun hon theo trnh t nh sn. Trong mi mt chu k Bus, Master s ln lt c cc thng tin u vo ca cc trm Slave ln b nh ca Master v a cc thng tin u ra t b nh Master ti trm Slave. Mi trm Slave cho php ti a 246 byte d liu u vo v 246 byte d liu u ra. Profibus DP cn c cc dich v trao i d liu khng theo chu k cho php s ha v chun on cc vn xy ra vi Slave t Master. Cc thit b PROFIBUS c nhng c im cu trc khc nhau. S khc nhau v cu trc gia chng ty thuc vo chc nng ca tng thit b v ph thuc vo cc tham s ng truyn nh tc truyn d liu, cc gi tr thi gian gim st. Nhng tham s ny thay i ty theo tng loi thit b v h thng iu khin. mng truyn thng vi giao thc Profibus c cu trc n gin, cc thit b thng s dng GSD files. Tt c cc nh sn xut u phi cung cp file GSD trong cc thit b Profibus ca mnh. GSD files c ng dng rng ri, t h thng truyn tin m n cc h thng iu khin vn hnh. GSD files c dng trn mi cu hnh t loi n gin nht n loi phc tp nht. iu ny c ngha l tch hp gia cc thit b thuc nhng nh sn xut khc nhau trong mng Profibus cn khng l vn kh khn. GSD files cha nhng c im c trng c bn ging nhau gia cc thit b Profibus, chnh l l do v sao GSD files tng thch c vi nhiu loi thit b. Thng qua nhng file ny, k s d n khng phi nm bt cc thng s k thut theo cch o c bng tay thng thng nh trc na. Thi gian c tit kim ng k v trong sut qu trnh, h thng iu khin s t ng kim tra (check) cc sai s u vo, sai s truyn d liu v nhiu loi sai s khc. thit k mt thit b iu khin c tch hp Profibus DP, thng thng ngi ta s dng cc chip ASICs i vi cc thit b u vo/ u ra n gin, gii php Profibus vi ASICs n chp l mt gii php thc t. Tt c cc chc nng giao thc c tch hp sn trong ASICs. V vy khng cn b vi x l hoc phn mm m ch cn mch giao din truyn tin, tinh th thch anh v cc thit b in t cng sut ng vai tr nh cc thit b ngoi vi. Th d: b Slave in hnh bao gm SPM2 ASICs ca Siemens, chip IX1 ca M2C v CHIP vpcls-ASIC ca profichip. i vi b slave thng minh, b phn x l giao thc ca n s lm vic trn chip giao thc, cc phn cn li lm vic nh phn mm trong b vi iu khin. Chip DDC31 ca hng Siemens l s kt hp ca chip giao thc v b vi iu khin. Cn nhng chip c s khc, v d nh ASICs SPC3 (Siemens), VPC3+ (PROFICHIP) hay IX1 (M2C) th c ch sn, ch cn lp rp. Nhng con chip ASIC cung cp giao din dng chung vi cc b vi iu khin, b slave thng minh ta cn c th dng cc b vi x l vi li c tch hp giao thc PROFIBUS. Cng ging nh b slave thng minh, b master phc hp, b phn x l giao thc ca n cng lm vic trn chip giao thc, cn nhng phn cn li lm vic nh phn mm trong b vi iu khin. Cc chip ASICs ASPC2 (Siemens), IX1 (M2C) hay VAF PBM (IAM) u c ch sn h tr cc thit b master phc hp hot ng. Chng cng c kt hp v cng vn hnh vi cc b vi x l.

Do c nhiu u im nn hin nay Profibus DP c s dng rt nhiu trong h thng iu khin t ng ca cc nh my cng nghip nh Xi-mng, in, ha cht, ch bin..v..v ti Vit Nam cng nh trn th gii.

PROFIBUS PA
PROFIBUS PA l mt phn trong h giao thc PROFIBUS v c bit tht k p ng cc yu cu trong t ng ho qu trnh. (PA = Process Automation). Vi PROFIBUS PA cc thit b trng c th c cu hnh v gim st t xa thng qua ng bus. Cc thit b c th c cp ngun bng chnh ng bus ny v c c tnh an ton ring. PROFIBUS PA c th s dng trong bt k ng dng no. Vi c tnh an ton ring, n rt ph hp trin khai trong cc mi trng nguy him nh cc nh my ho cht, lc du. Trong cc nh my vi qu trnh lin tc, bus trng khng ch kt ni cc cm bin nh cm bin p sut, lu lng, nhit Ngoi cc thit b cn rt nhiu thit b khc cng cn c iu khin v gim st t xa nh cc b truyn ng in, thit b phn tch, thit b ng ctVi PROFIBUS, iu ny c th thc hin c tng i d dng, v ngoi PROFIBUS PA, PROFIdrive v PROFIsefe. Cc giao thc ny cho php kt ni nhiu loi thit b trong nhiu loai ng dng khc nhau to thnh mt gii php t ng ho tch hp ton din. Hin nay trong cng nghip khng c loi bus trng no khc c th s dng xy dng mt gii php ton din nh vy. Thng thng, li ch yu gy ra dng hot ng mt nh my l do thit b trng. Khi dng nh my s khng sinh ra li nhun, do thi gian vn hnh ti a l yu t quan trng mi nh my u c gng t c tng li nhun. PROFIBUS c th tr gip ngn chn s dng vn hnh khng mong mun bng chc nng chun on v trong c t giao thc c cc thng tin d bo, phc v bo tr bo dng. Mt thit b trng thng minh trn mng PROFIBUS c th thng bo ti b iu khin v ngi vn hnh bit c gi tr o c c l hay khng; n cng c th ch ra khi no cn c kim tra thit b ngn chn cc s c c th xy ra. iu ny s dn ti gim chi ph vn hnh, h thng vn hnh trn tru trong thi gian di hn. ng thi cng vic bo tr, bo dng c ti u ho, tit kim v t tc ng ti h thng hn. PROFIBUS c nhiu tnh nng gip cho vic gim chi ph qua cc cng on trong sut vng i nh my. Vi PROFIBUS PA, do c tnh nng ng ti ngun nn ch cn mt ng cp duy nht cp ngun v truyn tn hiu. iu ny gip gim chi ph lp t v i dy. Tnh nng an ton gip tit kim chi ph cho cc loi ng cp v t c bit. Thm vo , PROFIBUS cn c hai u im chnh lin quan ti thit b l interoperability v interchangeability. Interoperability l kh nng cho php thit b ca nhiu hng khc nhau c th cng hot ng tri chy trn cng mt mng. y l mt trong nhng im mnh ch cht ca PROFIBUS. Ngi dng s khng phi lo lng liu mt thit b t mt nh cung cp no c lm vic vi h iu khin hin c hay khng. Nu thit b c kim nh thng qua hip hi PROFIBUS quc t, bn c th chc chn rng thit b tng thch vi mng sn c. Ngi dng cng khng phi lo lng v s tng thch gia cc phin bn trong chun PROFIBUS. Nu mt thit b c ch to theo DP phin bn 0 v

c kt ni n vo mng vi mt thit b DP phin bn 3 th khng c vn g xy ra. Chun PROFIBUS ny duy tr c tnh tng thch vi cc phin bn c khi n n c nng cp thm cc chc nng v c tnh. c im ny gip tit kim nhiu tin bc v cng sc trong giai on chnh nh a nh my vo hot ng. Interchangeability l kh nng chuyn t thit b ca nh cung cp ny sang thit b tng t ca nh cung cp khc. Cc thit b PROFIBUS PA c xy dng bn trong n mt chun gi l Profile. Profile chun ho cc thit b di gc mng cho php cc thit b tng t kh nng hon i ln nhau. Vic hon i t mt thit b ny sang mt thit b khc trn PROFIBUS d dng hn bt c trn mt mng bus trng no khc, nh gim c s ph thuc ca ngi dng vo mt nh cung cp duy nht. Khng c loai bus trng no khc trong lnh vc iu khin qu trnh cung cp kh nng ny. Profile lm cho cc thit b PROFIBUS PA tr nn tng t vi nhau di gc mng truyn thng. Do chng c th d dng lm vic cng vi nhau trn cng mt ng mng. iu ny s dn n s tit kim tin bc v thi gian trong vic lp t, lp trnh, cu hnh v o to. Cc nh pht trin ba loi bus thng dng PROFIBUS, HART, FOUNDATION FIELDBUS u c nhng nghin cu, th nghim Profile nhng hin nay mi ch c PROFIBUS ban hnh chun cho Profile.

Profibus bus thit b v mng iu khin qu trnh

PROFIBUS s dng phng tin truyn tin xon i v RS485 chun cng nghip trong cc ng dng sn xut hoc IEC 1158-2 trong iu khin qu trnh. Profibus cng c th s dng Ethernet/TCP-IP. PROFIBUS l mt mng Fieldbus c thit k giao tip gia my tnh v PLC. Da trn nguyn tc token bus khng ng b ch thi gian thc, Profibus xc nh mi quan h truyn thng gia nhiu master v gia master-slave, vi kh nng truy cp theo chu k v khng theo chu k, tc truyn ti a ln ti 500 kbit/s (trong mt s ng dng c th ln ti 1,5Mbp hay 12Mbp). Khong cch bus ti a khng dng b lp (repeater) l 200m v nu dng b lp khong cch ti a c th t c l 800m. S im (node) ti a nu khng c b lp l 32 v l 127 nu c b lp. H Profibus bao gm 3 kiu giao thc, mi kiu c s dng cho nhng tc v khc nhau. Tt nhin, cc thit b c c ba giao thc vn c th giao tip vi nhau trong mt h thng phc tp thng qua mt mng Profibus. 3 kiu giao thc l PROFIBUS FMS, DP, PA, trong hai kiu giao thc DP v PA ng vai tr quan trng i vi t ng ha qu trnh. Profibus cng bao gm chun giao thc bus cng nghip (Industrial Bus Protocol) PROFInet. - Profibus-DP l bus cp thit b h tr c tn hiu tng t (analog) v tn hiu phn tn (discrete). Profibus DP c s dng rng ri cho cc i tng (item) nh h thng I/O, trung tm iu khin ng c v bin tn (variable speed drives). Profibus DP truyn thng vi tc t 9,6 Kbp 12 Mbp trong phm vi t 100 1.200m, khng h tr lp t An ton ni ti (Intrinsically Safe). N l Profibus hot ng trn giao din RS485 chun v c b sung mt s c im ph hp vi cc ng dng qu trnh nh c/ghi d liu qu trnh khng theo chu k, truyn trng thi thit b, cp ngun trn bus v an ton ni ti). PROFIBUS-DP c thit k truyn d liu tc cao ti cp

thit b. Trong trng hp ny, cc b iu khin trung tm (PLC, PC) giao tip vi cc thit b hin trng phn tn ca chng (I/O, truyn ng drive, van) qua mt lin kt ni tip tc cao. Hu ht qu trnh truyn d liu vi cc thit b phn tn ny c thc hin theo chu k. - Profibus-PA l mt fieldbus c chc nng ton din thng c s dng cho thit b cp qu trnh. Profibus PA truyn thng vi tc 31,25 Kbp vi phm vi ti a 1.900m/phn on (segment). Chun ny c thit k cho nhng ng dng Intrinsically Safe. - Profibus-FMS l mt bus iu khin c s dng giao tip gia DCS v cc h thng PLC. - PROFInet l mt giao thc c pht trin gip thc hin truyn thng Profibus trn cc mng Ethernet. Cc c im ni bt ca mng Profibus: Kiu mng: DP: bus thit b PA: mng iu khin qu trnh FMS: mng iu khin cp (cell level) Phng tin truyn thng vt l: cp xon i, cp si quang Cu trc lin kt mng (network topology): Cu trc tuyn (bus) Cu trc mch vng (ring) Cu trc hnh sao (star) S thit b ti a: DP: 126 trm/bus (ti a 244 byte d liu u vo/u ra cho mi slave) PA: 32 im (node)/phn on Khong cch ti a: DP: 93,75 Kbp 1.200m; 500Kbp 400m; 1,5Mbps 200m PA: 1.900m; khong cch ti a c s dng b lp (ti a l 9 b lp): 9.500m Phng thc truyn thng: DP: ng ng (peer-to-peer), multicast hay master-slave theo chu k (s dng k thut token passing) PA: khch/ch (client/server), Publisher/subscriber, s kin (event). Truyn thng theo lch biu v khng theo lch biu. Cng sut v truyn thng: DP: Ngun in c cp tch bit vi bus truyn thng PA: i hi cp ngun PA bo v truyn thng s So snh gia h thng I/O thng thng v mng Profibus: H thng I/O thng thng Mng Profibus u im: u im: - Cng ngh quen thuc - c s dng rng ri vi 1.100 cng ty - Chi ph thit b thp hn thnh vin trn ton th gii. - H thng dy t cc thit b - H tr mng ti cc cp thit b, iu ti h thng iu khin khng ph khin qu trnh v Ethernet.

thuc vo nhau, do khi mt - Sn c giao din cho cc ng dng varialb thit b c vn v h thng dy speed drive v trung tm iu khin ng c cng khng nh hng n cc (Profibus DP) thit b hin trng khc. - ng dng trn ton doanh nghip vi PROFInet - S dng trong mi trng an ton (Intrinsically Safe) (i vi cc thit b Profibus PA) - Cc cng ni (gateway) cho php tch hp Profibus PA trc tip vi mng Profibus DP. - Giao din ch (host) sn c cho hu ht PLC, DCS v cc h thng my tnh - Thit b gateway h tr trc tip cc mng bus sensor chi ph thp hn, c bit l ASInterface - Sn c hn 2.000 sn phm Nhc im: Nhc im: - Chi ph lp t cao hn - Profibus DP khng h tr ng dng - H thng i dy theo kiu Intrinsically Safe. im-ti-im (point-to-point) kh - Nhng yu cu v h thng dy, in, tip t t, bc v u cui phi c tnh n trong qu - Nhiu kt ni khi i dy: trnh thit k v lp t. + cn nhiu nhn cng lp t + to ra nhiu im b li + tng phc tp khi c s c + i hi khi lng khng gian cabinet v rack ln lp t cc khi thit b u cui (terminal block)