N MN HC

MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

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Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Li ni u
---------***---------

Trong thi i cng nghip ho hin i ho hin nay, sn

phm cng nghip ngy cng hin i vi tnh a dng rt
cao. Do vy cc trang thit b dng ch to cc sn phm
cng c nhng i hi rt cao. Quy trnh cng ngh ch
to cc chi tit cng ngy cng phc tp. i hi ngi lm k
thut phi c mt t duy nhy bn vi nng lc vng vng.
L mt sinh vin khoa c kh vic c lm mt n mn
hc khng ch gip cng c kin thc, tng hp lng kin thc
tch lu c m cn gip cho ngi hc bc u tip cn vi
thc t ca mn hc, thng qua hnh thnh nn nhng t
duy lgc hn. n mn hc cng ngh ch to my l mt
n chuyn nghnh. Nhim v ca n t ra l t phi
liu vi hnh dng ban u c bn vi trang thit b cng
ngh c sn bin phi liu tr thnh nhng chi tit c s
dng trong ngnh ch to my. Kt thc mn hc em nhn c
ti:
Thit k quy trnh cng ngh gia cng chi tit tay bin
c s gip tn tnh ca thy Bi Tin Sn cng s
nghin cu tm ti ca bn thn v s ng gp trao i
xy dng ca cc bn n em hon thnh n ny.Song
vi nhng kin thc cn hn ch cng kinh nghim thc t cha
nhiu, nn n ca em khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em
rt mong nhn c s ch bo ca cc thy trong b mn Cng
Ngh Ch To My n ca em c hon thin hn, gp
phn cng c kin thc hc.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy trong b

mn m c bit l thy gio Bi Tin Sn tn tnh gip
em hon thnh n ny.
Thi Nguyn, ngy 30 thng 06
nm 2012.
Sinh vin
Hong Th m

MC LC
Li ni u

Trang

Phn I: Phn tch chi tit gia cng v xc nh

dng sn xut.
I.
Phn tch chc nng v iu kin lm

vic ca chi tit.

II.

Phn tch tnh cng ngh trong kt cu

v YCKT.
III. Xc nh dng sn xut.
Phn II: Chn phi v phng php ch to phi.
I.

C s ca vic chn phi

II.

Cc phng php ch to phi.

10

Phn III: Thit k quy trnh cng ngh ch to

chi tit.
I.
Chn phng n gia cng v nh v.
II.
Trnh t thc hin cc nguyn cng.
III. Quy trnh cng ngh c th.
Phn IV: Tnh v tra lng d.
I.
II.

Tnh lng d phay mt u I.

Tra lng d cho cc b mt cn li.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

13
13
14
16
28
29
32

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Phn V: Tnh v tra ch ct.

33

A.Tnh ch ct cho nguyn cng phay mt

u I.
B.Tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng cn li.
Phn VI: Tnh v thit k g.
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Cng dng v nhim v ca g.

Gii thiu kt cu g.
Thit k g.
Tnh lc kp.

Ti liu tham kho

33
38
41
41
42
48
48
52

PHN I
PHN TCH CHI TIT GIA CNG V XC NH DNG SN XUT
I.

Phn tch chc nng v iu kin lm vic ca chi tit.

Tay bin l chi tit thuc nhm chi tit dng cng. Chng l mt loi chi tit
c mt hoc mt s l c bn m tm ca chng song song vi nhau hoc to
vi nhau mt gc no . Tay bin l chi tit ni gia piston v trc khuu hoc
guc trt. Tay bin chu lc kh th, lc qun tnh ca nhm piston v bn thn
tay bin. Cc lc trn u l lc tun hon.
Tay bin c chc nng bin chuyn ng thng ca chi tit ny ( v d piston
ca ng c t trong) thnh chuyn ng quay ca chi tit khc ( trc khuu)
hoc ngc li. Ngoi ra n cn c dng y bnh rng ( khi cn thay i
t s truyn trong cc hp tc ).
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Tay bin c trong cc my ba, dp, ca, ng c t v lm vic trong

iu kin ti trng ng, c chu lc tc ng dc trc. iu kin lm vic ca
tay bin i hi kh cao:
- Lun chu ng sut thay i theo chu k.
- Lun chu lc tun hon, va p.
Do vy, kt cu ca tay bin phi c cng vng cao v c bit phi gn nh
v bin c chuyn ng song phng.
II.

Phn tch tnh cng ngh trong kt cu v YCKT ca chi tit.

1. Tnh cng ngh trong kt cu.

Tay bin c chia lm ba phn l: u nh, u to v thn thanh truyn.

Phn thn tay bin c kch thc thay i t nh n ln k t u nh n u
to v c tit din hnh ch I nhm to ra sc bn u theo hai phng, m bo
cng vng v lm gn nh kt cu chi tit. Tay bin c tnh i xng qua mt
phng chu lc dc trc.
u to ca tay bin c khoan hai l bu lng nhm lp vi np tay bin. Trn
bn v chi tit ta nhn thy chiu cao hai l c bn khng bng nhau dn n kt
cu ca tay bin cha mang tnh cng ngh ti u. Mun ti u ta phi thay i
kch thc chiu cao v cho n bng nhau. Nh vy, mt u ca hai u
bin s cng nm trn mt mt phng to iu kin cho ch to phi d dng
cng nh nng cao tnh cng ngh trong gia cng ct gt.
2. Yu cu k thut ca chi tit.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

- khng song song gia hai ng tm l I v l II khng qu 0,05.

- khng vung gc gia ng tm hai l vi mt u chi tit khng
qu 0,05.
- khng song song gia hai mt u chi tit khng qu 0,05.
- Hai ng tm l I v II phi m bo khong cch A = 1650.1.
- B mt lm vic ch yu ca tay bin l b mt trong ca l v vy cn gia
cng t cp chnh xc 6. nhm b mt Ra = 1.25 m.
T cc YCKT trn ta c th a ra mt s yu cu v tnh cng ngh trong kt
cu cho chi tit nh sau:
- Kt cu ca tay bin phi m bo kh nng cng vng.
- Vi tay bin kch thc khng ln lm ta nn chn phi l phi dp
m bo cc iu kin lm vic khc nghit ca tay bin.
- Chiu di cc l c bn nn chn bng nhau v cc mt u ca chng tt
nht l thuc hai mt phng song song vi nhau.
- Kt cu ca tay bin nn chn i xng qua mt phng chu lc. Cc l
vung gc cn phi m bo iu kin thun li khi gia cng.
- Kt cu tay bin phi thun li cho vic gia cng nhiu chi tit cng lc.
- Kt cu phi thun li cho vic chn chun th v chun tinh thng nht.
- Vi tay bin nguyn cng u tin l gia cng hai mt u cng mt lc
m bo song song ca hai mt u v lm chun th cho cc
nguyn cng sau. Chun th ban u l mt u tay bin cha gia cng v
vnh ngoi hai l khng gia cng.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Hnh 1: Bn v chi tit.

III.

Xc nh dng sn xut.

Dng sn xut l mt khi nim kinh t k thut tng hp phn nh mi quan

h qua li c trng v k thut v cng ngh ca nh my vi cc hnh thc sn
xut hch ton kinh t s dng trong qu trnh nhm to ra cc sn phm m
bo cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
Dng sn xut c c trng bi cc yu t: tnh n nh, sn lng v mc
chuyn mn ha.
Ty theo sn lng hng nm v khi lng chi tit ta xc nh c dng sn
xut.
1. Xc nh sn lng hng nm.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Ta xc nh dng sn xut theo cng thc 1-2 Trang 15(

CNCTM)
Ni = N. mi (1+

+
)
100

(chic /nm )

Trong :
- Ni : S chi tit c sn xut trong 1 nm
- N : S sn phm c sn xut trong 1 nm (N=5000 chi
tit).
- mi : S chi tit trong 1 sn phm (mi =1).
-

: H s phn trm d phng h hng trong ch to, do

vn chuyn. = 5 n 7%.
- : S chi tit ph phm. = 3 n 5% . Chn , = 5.

Ni = 5000.1. 1 +

5+ 5
= 5500
100

(chic/nm)

2.Xc nh trng lng chi tit.

ADCT : Q = V.

(kG)

Trong :
-

Khi lng ring ca vt liu (kG/ dm 3 ) Vi thp

=7.852(kG/ dm 3 )
- V : Th tch chi tit ( dm 3 )
- Q: Trng lng chi tit (kG)
* Tnh th tch V:
V = VI VII + VIII VIV + VV 2VVI
Vi:
- VI = .35 2.29 = 111605 ( m m3 ). L th tch khi tr 70.
- VII = .25 2.29 = 56941 ( mm 3 ). L th tch khi tr rng 50.
- VIII = .25 2.25 = 49087 ( mm 3 ). L th tch khi tr 50.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

- VIV = .15 2.25 = 17671 ( mm 3 ). L th tch khi tr rng 30.

- VV =

(30 + 40)
.105.15 = 55125( mm 3 ) . L th tch phn thn tay
2

bin.
- 2VVI = 2.

(30 + 20)
.90.4 = 18000 ( mm 3 ).L th tch hai phn lm hai bn
2

thn bin.
Suy ra: V = 0.123 ( dm 3 )
Vy: Q = V. = 0.123 x7.852 = 0.965(kg) ~ 1 kg .
Cn c vo sn lng hng nm l 5500 (chi tit/ nm) v khi lng chi tit l
1kg. Tra bng 1-1 Trang 19(CNCTM) ta c dng sn xut l hng lot ln.
i vi dng sn xut hng lot ln trong iu kin sn xut ca nc ta hin
nay th ng li cng ngh thch hp nht l phn tn nguyn cng. S dng
cc loi my vn nng kt hp vi cc loi g chuyn dng v cc my
chuyn dng d ch to. Nh nhng nt c trng m phng php phn tn
nguyn cng c tnh linh hot cao, thay i i tng gia cng nhanh chng v
chi ph thp.

PHN II
CHN PHI V PHNG PHP CH TO PHI
I.

C s ca vic chn phi.

Trong sn xut chi ph phi chim t 20 n 50% gi thnh sn phm. V vy

vic chn vt liu phi, phng php gia cng chun b phi hp l khng
nhng gp phn m bo YCKT ca chi tit m cn gim chi ph gp phn nng
cao hiu qu kinh t k thut ca qu trnh sn xut.
Khi chn phi cn ch :
- Vt liu v c tnh vt liu.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

- Hnh dng, kt cu v kch thc chi tit.

- Sn lng chi tit v mc n nh ca sn phm.
- Hon cnh v kh nng c th ca doanh nghip.
Chn phi hp l gip m bo c tnh chi tit, gim chi ph vt liu, gia
cng, nng cao nng sut v h gi thnh sn phm. Mt khc n cn m bo
kh nng lm vic, chu ti trng v nng cao h s s dng vt liu.
II.

Cc phng php ch to phi.

1. Phng n 1:c trong khun ct mu g, lm khun bng tay.

+) u im:
- C tnh linh hot trong sn xut.
- c c cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp m cc phng php khc
kh gia cng c.
- Gi thnh r v vn u t t.
+)Nhc im :
- chnh xc thp, lng d gia cng ct gt ln, nng sut thp, i hi
cng nhn phi c trnh tay ngh cao.
- Tn kim loi cho h thng u ngt, u rt.
- C nhiu dng khuyt tt nh r x, r kh v kim tra khuyt tt tn km.
+) Phm vi ng dng: Thch hp cho sn xut n chic, lot nh.
2. Phng n 2:c trong khun ct, mu kim loi, lm khun bng my.
+) u im: t chnh xc v nng sut cao, lng d gia cng ct gt nh.
+) Nhc im: Kh c nhng chi tit phc tp, chi ph thit b cao.
+) Phm vi ng dng: Ph hp cho dng sn xut lot ln, hng khi.
3. Phng n 3: c trong khun kim loi.
+) u im:
- bng b mt, chnh xc hnh dng v kch thc vt c cao, cht
lng vt c tt.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

10

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

- bn ca khun kim loi cao. D c kh ha, t ng ha.

- Tit kim c thi gian lm khun nn nng sut cao v h gi thnh.
- Tc kt tinh ln nh kh nng thay i nhit ca hp kim lng vi
thnh khun cao do c tnh ca vt c m bo tt.
+) Nhc im:
- Khng c c cc vt c phc tp, thnh mng, khi lng ln.
- Gi thnh ch to b khun cao.
- B mt chi tit d b bin cng nn sau khi c phi nng cao kh
nng ct gt.
+) Phm vi ng dng: Ph hp cho dng sn xut lot ln, hng khi.
4. Phng n 4: Ch to phi bng phng php rn khun.
+) u im:
- Nng sut cao, cht lng b mt t chnh xc cao.
- Lng d gia cng t.
- chnh xc ca chi tit ph thuc vo tay ngh ngi th.
+) Nhc im:
- Khun chng b mi mn v dng chy p lc ca hp kim nhit cao.
- Chi ph cho sn xut tn km.
+) Phm vi ng dng: Ph hp cho sn xut lot ln, hng khi.
Kt lun:
T vic phn tch cc phng n trn, kt hp dng sn xut v kt cu chi tit
nn ta chn phng n ch to phi ban u l rn khun v n m bo nng
sut v cht lng b mt c chnh xc cao. Mt khc vt liu ch to chi tit
l thp 45 nn ta chn phng n rn khun l hp l.
Tra lng d theo bng 3-19 (Lng d cho vt rn khun) S tay cng ngh
ch to my I ta c lng d cho cc b mt nh sau:
- Lng d cho b mt trn v b mt di l 3mm.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

11

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
- Lng d gia cng l l 3mm.
- Lng d gia cng mt vu l 3mm.

0
.1
6

0.3

0.3

50 0.16

0.033
0.3
0.3

0.3

0.1

0.15

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

Hnh 2: Bn v lng phi

PHN III
THIT K QUY TRNH CNG NGH CH TO CHI TIT
I.

Chn phng n gia cng v nh v.

1. Chn phng n gia cng.

Da vo cc yu cu k thut ca chi tit ta a ra phng n gia cng nh sau:
- Hai mt u ca chi tit cn t cp chnh xc 7 ( Ra = 1.25) ta chn
phng php gia cng ln cui l phay .
- B mt trong ca hai l u to 50 v l u nh 30 cn t cp chnh
xc 7 ta chn phng php gia cng ln cui l doa.
- B mt trn ca hai vu chn phng php gia cng ln cui l phay.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

12

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

- B mt trong hai l tra du chn phng php gia cng ln cui l doa.
2. Chn phng n nh v.
Tay bin l chi tit thuc nhm chi tit dng cng nn khi nh v gia cng
cn m bo c v tr tng i ca cc mt v cc l vi nhau, vung gc
ca l i vi mt u. V vy ta chn phng n nh v chi tit nh sau:
Dng mt u v hai l c bn vung gc vi mt u gia cng lm chun
tinh thng nht gia cng tt c cc b mt cn li ca chi tit. V vy trong
qu trnh gia cng nhng nguyn cng u tin phi gia cng mt u cng v
sau l gia cng hai l c bn vung gc vi mt u .
Khi mt u tay bin c t ln phin t 1 khng ch 3 bc t do, mt l
ca cng c lng vo cht tr ngn 2 khng ch hai bc t do v mt l khc
ca cng c lng vo cht trm khng ch mt bc t do. V hai mt u ca
cng khng cng cao nn ta chn mt u ca u ln lm nh v chnh v
dng phin t c kch thc hp l vi u nh tng cng vng khi gia
cng.
Chun th ban u gia cng chi tit l vnh ngoi ca l v mt u ca
cng. Chn chun nh vy gia cng mt u kia v gia cng l c bn vung
gc vi mt u. Khi mt u cng t ln phin t khng ch 3 bc t do,
khi V c nh 2 m vo vnh ngoi u cng khng ch hai bc t do v khi
V di ng 3 m vo vnh ngoi u th hai ca cng khng ch mt bc t do
v c tc dng kp cht cng khi gia cng.
Chn chun nh vy s m bo v tr ng n gia l c bn v vnh ngoi
khng gia cng l hnh vnh khn gia vnh trn ngoi v l c bn c u
n.
II.

Trnh t thc hin cc nguyn cng.

Qua s phn tch cch chn chun khi gia cng nh trn, m bo chnh
xc cng nh thun li cho gia cng ta c quy trnh cng ngh ch to tay bin
gm cc nguyn cng sau:
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

13

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

1- Nguyn cng I:Phay mt u I t kch thc u to 320.3,u nh 280.3

2- Nguyn cng II: Phay mt u II t kch thc 290.1v 250.1
3- Nguyn cng III: Khot, doa, vt mp l u to cng 50mm.
4- Nguyn cng IV: Khot, doa, vt mp l u nh cng 30mm.
5- Nguyn cng V: Phay mt vu u to cng t kch thc 400.1
6- Nguyn cng VI: Khoan l du u to.
7- Nguyn cng VII: Phay mt vu u nh cng t kch thc 280.1.
8- Nguyn cng VIII: Khoan l du u nh.
9- Nguyn cng IX: Tng kim tra.
III.

Quy trnh cng ngh c th.

1. Nguyn cng I: Phay mt u I t kch thc 320.3 v 280.3 mm.

s
+

n
14.50.1

12.50.1

Yu cu: m bo kch thc cng nh nhn bng theo yu cu ( Ra= 1.25).

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

14

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

nh v: Mt u II phin t hn ch ba bc t do, khi V c nh kp vo u to

hn ch hai bc t do, khi V di ng kp vo u nh hn ch mt bc t do
ng thi kp cht chi tit khi gia cng.
Chn my: My phay ngang 6H82, cng sut my N = 7 Kw, c 18 cp tc
v 18 cp bc tin.
Chn dao: Dao phay a ba mt rng c gn mnh thp gi k hiu mc thp
P6M5 c kch thc:
D = 250mm; d = 50 mm; B = 18 mm; s rng Z = 26 rng.
Lng d gia cng: Phay hai ln vi lng d phay th Zb1 = 2.5mm v lng
d phay tinh Zb2 = 0.5mm.
Ch ct: Lng chy dao S = 0.1 0.8 mm/ rng, tc ct V = 32.5 m/
pht. Cc h s hiu chnh:
- K1: h s ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh ca thp, bng 5 225 S tay
CNCTM tp 2, k1 = 1.
- K2: h s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi b mt gia cng v chu k
bn ca dao, bng 5- 120 S tay CNCTM 2, k2 = 0.8.
- K3: h s iu chnh ph thuc vo dng gia cng, bng 5- 132 S tay
CNCTM 2, k3 = 1
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3 = 32,5.1.0,8.1 = 26m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .26

t
nt = .D = 3,14.250 = 33.12vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 30 vng/pht. Nh vy, tc ct thc t

l:
Vtt =

.D.nm 3,14.250.30
=
= 23,56m / pht
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l : Sp = Sr.z.n = 0,13.26.30 = 101,4 mm/ pht.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

15

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Theo my ta c Sm = 95 mm/ pht.

2. Nguyn cng II:Phay mt u II t kch thc 290.1 v 25 .1mm.

s
+

n
290.1

250.15

Yu cu: Hai mt u tay bin cn m bo song song v i xng qua mt

phng chu lc dc trc. m bo nhn bong b mt ( Ra = 1.25)
nh v: Mt u I gia cng phin t hn ch ba bc t do, khi V c nh
kp vo u to hn ch hai bc t do, khi V di ng kp vo u nh hn ch
mt bc t do ng thi kp cht chi tit khi gia cng.
Chn my, dao v ch ct nh nguyn cng I.
Lng d gia cng: Phay hai ln vi lng d phay th Zb1 = 2.5mm v lng
d phay tinh Zb2 = 0.5mm.
3. Nguyn cng III: Khot, doa, vt mp l u to 50 0.037.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

16

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Yu cu: Cn m bo ng tm gia hnh tr trong v hnh trn ngoi ca

phi, vung gc ca tm l v mt u. m bo nhn bng b mt trong
l Ra = 1.25
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, bc cn chp vo u bin to
hn ch hai bc t do v c tc dng nh tm ( hoc mt khi V c nh), mt
khi V ty ng vo u bin nh hn ch mt bc t do.

290.1

500.037

Kp cht: Dng c cu kp lin ng.

Chn my: My khoan ng 216A c ng knh mi khoan ln nht khi
khoan thp c bn trung bnh max = 75mm. Cng sut my nm = 13 Kw.
Chn dao: Mi khot c lp mnh hp kim cng c D = 49,5 mm; L = 180
355mm; l = 85 210mm. Mi doa bng thp gi c D = 50mm, vt mp bng
thp gi c D = 55mm ( Bng 4 47; 4 49 S tay CNCTM tp 2).
Lng d gia cng: Lng d cho khot Zb1 = 1.25mm; cho doa Zb2= 0.25 mm.
Ch ct:

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

17

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Xc nh ch ct cho khot. Chiu su ct t = 1.25 mm; lng chy dao S = 1

mm/vng; tc ct V = 86 mm/ pht. Ta tra c cc h s ph thuc:
- K1: H s ph thuc vo chu k bn, B5 109 S tay CNCTM 2; k1 = 1.
- K2: H s ph thuc vo trng thi ca b mt phi, B 5 - 109; k2 = 1.
- K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc hp kim cng, B5- 109; k3 = 1.
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3 = 86.1.1.1 = 86 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000.86

t
nt = .D = 3,14.49,5 = 553,3vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 500 vng/pht. Nh vy, tc ct thc t

l:
.D.nm 3,14.49,5.500
=
= 77,7 m / pht
1000
1000

Vtt =

Lng chy dao S = 0,12 mm/vng.

Xc nh ch ct cho Doa: Chiu su ct t = 0,25mm, lng chy dao S =
1,17 ( 1 1,5) mm/ vng; tc ct V = 10 mm/ vng.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .10

t
nt = .D = 3,14.50 = 63,69vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 89 vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,12

mm/ vng.
4. Nguyn cng IV: Khot, doa, vt mp l u nh 30 0.033.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

18

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
n3
s3
n

s2

250.15

s1

300.033

Yu cu: Cn m bo ng tm gia hnh tr trong v hnh trn ngoi ca

phi, vung gc ca tm l v mt u. m bo nhn bng b mt trong
l Ra = 1,25 ng thi m bo khong cch tm hai l A = 1650.1.
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, bc cn chp vo u bin nh
hn ch hai bc t do v c tc dng nh tm ( hoc mt khi V c nh) cht
trm l 50 hn ch mt bc t do.
Kp cht: Dng c cu kp lin ng.
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A135 c ng knh mi khoan ln nht khi
khoan thp c bn trung bnh max = 35mm. Cng sut my nm = 6 Kw.
Chn dao: Mi khot c lp mnh hp kim cng c D = 29,5 mm; L = 180
355mm; l = 85 210mm. Mi doa bng thp gi c D = 30mm, vt mp bng
dao thp gi c D = 35mm ( Bng 4 47; 4 49 S tay CNCTM tp 2).
Lng d gia cng: Lng d cho khot Zb1 = 1.25mm; cho doa Zb2= 0.25 mm.
Ch ct:
Xc nh ch ct cho khot: Chiu su ct t = 1.25 mm; lng chy dao S =
0,8 mm/vng; tc ct V = 72 mm/ pht.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

19

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Cc h s ph thuc tra nh nguyn cng 3, Bng 5 109 S tay CNCTM tp 2.

Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3 = 72.1.1.1 = 72 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .72

t
nt = .D = 3,14.29 = 790.68vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 696 vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,1
mm/ vng.
Xc nh ch ct cho Doa: Chiu su ct t = 0,25mm, lng chy dao S = 1
( 1 1,3) mm/ vng; tc ct V = 10 mm/ vng.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .10

t
nt = .D = 3,14.30 = 106,2vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 87 vng/pht v lng chy dao S =

0,1mm/ vng.
5. Nguyn cng V: Phay vu u nh tay bin t kch thc 28 0.1.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

20

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

s
+

40 0.16

n1

A
TL: 2:1

Yu cu: Mt u ca vu u nh cn m bo song song vi mt phng i

xng ca tay bin v phi t c khong cch ti tm l l 28 0.1.
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, cht tr ngn l 30 hn ch
hai bc t do, cht trm l 50 hn ch mt bc t do.
Kp cht:
Chn my: My phay ng vn nng 6H12. Cng sut my nm = 10 Kw.
Chn dao: Dao phay ngn c gn mnh hp kim cng BK6 c kch thc
( Bng 4 69 S tay CNCTM2):
D = 40mm; L = 221 mm; l = 63 mm; s rng Z = 6 rng.
Lng d gia cng: Phay mt ln vi lng d phay th Zb = 3 mm.
Ch ct: Chiu su ct t = 3 mm; lng chy dao S = 0,1 0,18 mm/rng; tc
ct V = 172 m/ pht. Tra bng 5 161, S tay CNCTM 2 ta c cc h s:
- K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh thp, k1 = 1,12
- K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi b mt gia cng v tui bn
ca dao , k2 = 1
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

21

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

- K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu rng phay, k3 = 1

- K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng, k4 = 1
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 172.1,12.1.1.1 = 192,64 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

t
nt = .D =

1000 .192,64
= 1532 vng / pht
3,14.40

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1500 vng/pht. Nh vy, tc ct thc

t l:
Vtt =

.D.nm 3,14.40.1500
=
= 188,4m / pht
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l : Sp = Sr.z.n = 0,1.6.1500 = 900 mm/ pht.

Theo my ta c Sm = 500 mm/ pht.
6. Nguyn cng VI: Khoan l du u nh 6 01 ,2 01 .

AA
TL: 5:1
60.1

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

22

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

Yu cu: Cn m bo xuyn tm ca tm l du v tm ca l bin u nh

ng thi m bo ng tm tng i ca hai l vi nhau v vi hnh trn
ngoi.
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, cht tr ngn l 30 hn ch
hai bc t do, cht trm l 50 hn ch mt bc t do chng xoay cn li.
Kp cht:
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A125 c ng knh mi khoan ln nht khi
khoan thp c bn trung bnh max = 25mm. Cng sut my nm = 2.8 Kw.
Chn dao: Mi khoan c ng knh d = 6mm v d = 2 mm ( Bng 4 40; 4
41 S tay CNCTM tp 2).
Lng d gia cng: Gia cng hai ln vi lng d khoan ln 1, Zb1 = 1 mm;
lng d khoan ln 2, Zb2= 3 mm.
Ch ct:
Xc nh ch ct cho khoan ln 1 l 6: Chiu su ct t = 3 mm; lng chy
dao S = 0,17 mm/vng; tc ct V = 27,5 mm/ pht. Ta c cc h s:
- K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn ca dao, k1 = 1
- K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi, k2 = 1
- K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l khoan, k3 = 1
- K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng mi khoan, k4 = 1
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 27,5.1.1.1.1 = 27,5 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .27,5

t
nt = .D = 3,14.6 = 1469vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1360 vng/pht.

Xc nh ch ct cho khoan ln 2 l 2: Chiu su ct t = 1 mm; lng chy
dao S = 0,05 mm/vng; tc ct V = 43 mm/ pht. Cc h s chn nh khoan
ln 1.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

23

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Vy tc tnh ton l:

Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 43.1.1.1.1 = 43 m/pht.

S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .43

t
nt = .D = 3,14.2 = 6847 vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1360 vng/pht. Lng chy dao S = 0,1
mm/ vng.
7. Nguyn cng VII: Phay vu u to tay bin t kch thc 40 0.16.
d

280.1

A
TL: 2:1

Yu cu: Mt u ca vu u to cn m bo mt gc nghing 45 so vi mt
phng i xng ca tay bin v phi t c khong cch ti tm l l 40 0.16.
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, cht tr ngn l 50 hn ch
hai bc t do, cht trm l 30 hn ch mt bc t do.
Kp cht: Dng c cu kp cht bng bulong ai c.
Chn my: My phay ng vn nng 6H12. Cng sut my nm = 10 Kw.
Chn dao: Dao phay ngn c gn mnh hp kim cng BK6 c kch thc
( Bng 4 69 S tay CNCTM2):
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

24

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

D = 40mm; L = 221 mm; l = 63 mm; s rng Z = 6 rng.

Lng d gia cng: Phay mt ln vi lng d phay th Zb = 3 mm.
Ch ct: Chiu su ct t = 3 mm; lng chy dao S = 0,1 0,18 mm/rng; tc
ct V = 172 m/ pht. Tra bng 5 161, S tay CNCTM 2 ta c cc h s:
- K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh thp, k1 = 1,12
- K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi b mt gia cng v tui bn
ca dao , k2 = 1
- K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu rng phay, k3 = 1
- K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng, k4 = 1
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 172.1,12.1.1.1 = 192,64 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

t
nt = .D =

1000 .192,64
= 1532 vng / pht
3,14.40

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1500 vng/pht. Nh vy, tc ct thc

t l:
Vtt =

.D.nm 3,14.40.1500
=
= 188,4m / pht
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l : Sp = Sr.z.n = 0,1.6.1500 = 900 mm/ pht.

Theo my ta c Sm = 500 mm/ pht.
8. Nguyn cng VI: Khoan l du u to 6 01 ,2 01 .
Yu cu: Cn m bo xuyn tm ca tm l du v tm ca l bin u nh
ng thi m bo ng tm tng i ca hai l vi nhau v vi hnh trn
ngoi.
nh v: Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do, cht tr ngn l 30 hn ch
hai bc t do, cht trm l 50 hn ch mt bc t do chng xoay cn li.
Kp cht: Dng c cu kp bng bulong ai c.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

25

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

AA
TL: 5:1
60.1

Chn my: My khoan ng 2A125 c ng knh mi khoan ln nht khi

khoan thp c bn trung bnh max = 25mm. Cng sut my nm = 2.8 Kw.
Chn dao: Mi khoan c ng knh d = 6mm v d = 2 mm ( Bng 4 40; 4
41 S tay CNCTM tp 2).
Lng d gia cng: Gia cng hai ln vi lng d khoan ln 1, Zb1 = 1 mm;
lng d khoan ln 2, Zb2= 3 mm.
Ch ct:
Xc nh ch ct cho khoan ln 1 l 6: Chiu su ct t = 3 mm; lng chy
dao S = 0,17 mm/vng; tc ct V = 27,5 mm/ pht. Ta c cc h s:
- K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn ca dao, k1 = 1
- K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi, k2 = 1
- K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l khoan, k3 = 1
- K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng mi khoan, k4 = 1
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 27,5.1.1.1.1 = 27,5 m/pht.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

26

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:

1000.v

1000 .27,5

t
nt = .D = 3,14.6 = 1469vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1360 vng/pht.

Xc nh ch ct cho khoan ln 2 l 2: Chiu su ct t = 1 mm; lng chy
dao S = 0,05 mm/vng; tc ct V = 43 mm/ pht. Cc h s chn nh khoan
ln 1.
Vy tc tnh ton l:
Vt = Vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 43.1.1.1.1 = 43 m/pht.
S vng quay trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
1000.v

1000 .43

t
nt = .D = 3,14.2 = 6847 vng / pht

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1360 vng/pht. Lng chy dao S = 0,1
mm/ vng.
9. Nguyn cng IX: Tng kim tra .

Kim tra khng song song ca ng tm hai l cng nh hn 0,05mm.

Kim tra khng vung gc gia ng tm l v mt u nh hn 0,05mm.
Kim tra khng song song gia hai mt u cng nh hn 0,05mm.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

27

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Kim tra khong cch ng tm hai l cng m bo A= 1650.1

PHN IV:
TNH V TRA LNG D
Lng d gia cng l lp kim loi c ly i trong qu trnh gia cng. Lng
d hp l gp phn m bo hiu qu kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh v:
- Lng d qu ln s tn nguyn liu, tiu hao sc lao ngv.v, dn n
gi thnh cao.
- Lng d qu nh s khng ht i lp phi liu to thnh chi tit v
gy ra hin tng trt gia dao v chi tit khin dao b mn nhanh v b
mt chi tit khng bng.
ct

K= p

Trong : + ct : l sai lch chi tit

+ p : l sai lch ca phi

Nh vy, vic tnh ton lng d hp l cho phi v chi tit gia cng trong cc
bc cng ngh c ngha quan trng trong vic nng cao hiu qu kinh t, k
thut ca quy trnh cng ngh.
Cn c vo cc ti liu s tay CNCTM tp I, thit k n CNCTM ta tin hnh
tnh ton v tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng.
I.

Tnh lng d cho nguyn cng khot, doa l 50+0.037

chnh xc ca phi dp cp I, trng lng phi 1 kg, vt liu phi l thp 45.
Quy trnh cng ngh gm hai bc: Khot v doa.
Chi tit c nh v mt u hn ch 3 bc t do, cht tr ngn l 30+0.033 hn
ch 2 bc t do, khi V ty ng nh v vo ng knh ngoi ca u bin ln
hn ch 1 bc t do.
Cng thc tnh lng d cho b mt trong l 50+0.037:

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

28

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

2 Zbmin = 2( Rza+Ta+ a2 + b2 )
Trong :
- Rza: Chiu cao nhp nh t vi do bc nguyn cng st trc li.
- Ta: Chiu su lp h hng b mt do bc nguyn cng trc li.
-

a :Sai lch v v tr khng gian do bc nguyn cng st trc li.

b : Sai s g t chi tit bc nguyn cng ang thc hin.

Vi phi rn khun, tra bng 3 66 ( S tay tp 1) ta c:

Rza= 150 ( m) ; Ta= 200 ( m).
Sai lch v tr khng gian tng cng:
a =

2
c

+ cm

Vi c = ( k .d ) 2 + ( k l ) 2
-

c : cong vnh ca l theo hai phng hng knh v hng trc. Tra

bng 3 67 ( S tay tp 1) c: c = 1.5 ( m).

-

k : song song ca cc mt phng chi tit; k =1.5 ( m).

cm : x dch phi dp, bng 3 77 (S tay tp 1) c: cm = 300 (

m).
- l,d : L chiu di v ng knh l ; l = 29 mm, d = 50mm.
a = (1,5.50000) 2 + (1,5.29000 ) 2 + 300 2 = 312.36 ( m).
Khot l
Ta c sai s g t : b = c2 + k2
c = 0.2 + 2e. ( Chn e = 0, coi nh khng tn ti lch tm). Vy c = 0.2mm
k = 80 m , l sai s kp cht, tra bng 24 ( Thit k n CNCTM).
b =

200 2 + 80 2 = 215,41m

Lng d cho khot l:

2Zbmin = 2 ( 150+ 200 + 312,36 2 + 215,412 ) = 1458,86 m.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

29

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Doa l

Cc yu t t c nguyn cng khot l:

Rza= 50 m ; Ta= 50 m.
Sai lch v tr khng gian:
a1 = a .K s = 312,36.0,05 = 15,618 m. ( Ks l h s gim sai).

Sai s g t:
b1 = b .K s = 215,41.0,05 = 10,771 m.

2Zbmin = 2 ( 50+ 50 + 15,618 2 + 10,7712 ) = 237,94 m.

Tnh cc kch thc tnh ton.
Kch thc tnh ton bng kch thc ca bc nguyn cng sau tr i lng d
ca bc nguyn cng ang thc hin.
- Doa : d2= 50.037 mm
- Khot : d1 = 50.037 0.23794 = 49.799 mm
- Phi : do = 49.799 1.45886 = 48.34 mm.
Xc nh kch thc gii hn ln nht.
Bng cch lm trn s kch thc tnh ton v ly hai ch s sau du phy.
- Doa : 50.04 mm
- Khot : 49.80mm
- Phi : 48.34mm
Xc nh kch thc gii hn nh nht.
Bng cch ly kch thc gii hn ln nht tr i dung sai.
Tra dung sai cc bc nguyn cng, bng 3 91 ( S tay tp 1).
- Doa : 50.04 0.025 = 50.015 mm
- Khot: 49.80 0.1 = 49.7 mm
- Phi : 48.34 2

= 46.34 mm

Xc nh lng d gii hn
Zbmax: L hiu cc kch thc gii hn nh nht.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

30

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Zbmin: L hiu cc kch thc gii hn ln nht.

- Doa : Zbmax = 50.015 - 49.70 = 0.315 mm = 315 m.
Zbmin = 50.04 49.80 = 0.24 mm = 240 m.
- Khot : Zbmax = 49.7 - 46.34 = 3.36 mm = 3360 m.
Zbmin = 49.80 48.34 = 1.46 mm = 1460 m.
Xc nh lng d tng cng.
Lng d tng cng ln nht l tng cc lng d trung gian ln nht.
Lng d tng cng nh nht l tng cc lng d trung gian nh nht.
n

Zomax = Zb max

= 240 +1460 = 1700 ( m)

Zomin =

Zb min

=315 + 3360 =3675 ( m)

Ta c bng 5 1, cc bc cng ngh gia cng b mt trong l 50+0.037

Kim tra kt qu tnh ton:
Zomax - Zomin = p ct =3675 - 1700 = 2000 - 25 =
1975.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

31

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Kc
Cc yu t
Bc

to thnh

cng

lng d( m)

ngh

Lng

Dun

thc

thc

gii

tnh

tn

sai

hn

ton

(mm)

2Zbmin

( m)

Lng d
gii hn
( m)

ton ( m
(m

Rz a Ta

15

20

312.3

48.34

50

50

6
15.61

1
49.79

Kch

Max

Min

2000

48.34

46.34

100

49.8

49.7

25

50.04

50.015

Min

Max

m)
1.Phi
2.Khot

3.Doa

215.4

1458.8

1
10.77

237.94

9
50.03
7

146
0
240
170

Tng cng

3360
315
3675

Bng 5-1: Cc bc cng ngh gia cng b mt trong l 50+0.037

PHN V
TNH V TRA CH CT
I.

Tnh ch ct cho nguyn cng I: Phay mt u th nht.

Xc nh ch ct hp l l mt trong nhng bin php nng cao nng sut ct

v cht lng b mt gia cng. Ta chn tnh ch ct cho nguyn cng phay
mt u I ng thi t kch thc mt u u to l 32 0.3mm, mt u u nh
l 280.3mm v Ra = 1,25.
1. Chn my.
Chn my phay nm ngang 6H82
- Cng sut ng c chnh N = 7 Kw

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

32

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
- Hiu sut ca my = 0.75
- S cp tc : 18 cp.
- S cp bc tin: 18 cp
- Kch thc lm vic ca bn my
2. Chn dao.

Dng dao phay a ba mt rng c gn mnh thp gi, c cc kch thc sau
( Tra bng 4- 84, S tay CNCTM tp 2):
D = 250mm, d = 50mm, B = 18mm, s rng Z = 26 rng.
Mnh hp kim cng c k hiu: P6M5
3. Tnh ch ct.
Chn ch ct ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng, kt cu ca dng c ct,
phng php g dng c, dung dch trn ngui v tnh trng ca h thng cng
ngh. Ch ct bao gm: t (mm) ; s (mm/v ) ; v (mm /p)
a, Chiu su phay t v chiu rng phay B.
Chiu su phay t l lp kim loi c ht i trong mt nguyn cng phay. Ta c
lng d phay th mt u I l t = 2.5 mm.
Chiu rng phay B = 70 mm.
b, Lng chy dao S
L khong dch chuyn ca dao sau khi dao quay c mt vng.
Tra bng 5 170( S tay CNCTM tp 2) c:
Lng chy dao th Sz = 0.12 mm/ rng.
Lng chy dao tinh So = 0.3 mm/ rng.
c, Tc ct (m/p).
L lng dch chuyn tng i ca mt im trn li ct ca dao so vi phi
o theo phng chuyn ng ct trong mt n v thi gian.
Tc ct c tnh theo cng thc sau:
C v .D q
V = m x y u p .K v
T .t .S z .B .Z

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

33

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Tra bng 5-39 (sch STCNCTM tp 2) ta c cc h s v s m:

Cv = 48.5,

q = 0.25,

x = 0.3,

y=

0.4,
u = 0.2,

p= 0.1,

m = 0.2

- T: chu k bn ca dao tra bng 5-40 ( S tay tp 2) ta c T= 240

(pht)
- H s iu chnh chung cho tc ct ph thuc vo cc
iu kin c th
Kv = Kmv . Knv .Kuv
Trong :
- Kmv : h s ph thuc vo cht lng b mt gia cng tra
bng 5-1 ( S tay CNCTM tp 2) :
750

Ta c : Kmv = Kn
B

nv

= 1(

750 0.9
) = 1.22
600

- Vi B = 600 Mpa, l gii hn bn ca vt liu.

-

nv tra bng 5-2 trang 7 c nv= 0,9.

- Kn: H s ph thuc vo nhm thp theo tnh gia cng, kn = 1.

- Knv : h s ph thuc vo trng thi b mt lm vic
ca phi, tra bng 5-5 trang 8(

STCNCTM tp 2),

chn Knv=1.
- Kuv : h s ph thuc vo vt liu ca dng c ct, tra
bng 5 -6, chn Kuv=0.8
Kv = 1,22.0,8.1 = 0,976

Vy ta c tc ct V (mm/p)
48,5.250 0.25
.0,976
V=
240 0.2.0,130.4.2,50.1.70 0.3.26 0,1

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

= 26,19

34

(mm/p )

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
d. Tnh lc ct Pz, N
Lc ct tnh theo cng thc :

Pz=

10.c p .t x .s zy .z.B n
D q .n w

.K mp

Trong :
- Z =26 l s rng dao phay.
-

n : s vng quay ca dao (v/p)

1000.v

1000 .26,19

n = .D = 3,14.250 = 33,36 ( v/p)

Tra bng 5-41 (STCNCTM tp 2) ta c :
Cp =68.2

x = 0.86

y = 0.72

u =1

q = 0.86

w=0

Kmp - h s iu chnh cho cht lng ca vt liu gia cng.

Tra bng 5-9 STCNCTM tp 2 ta c:
n

Kmp

600
= B =
= 0.935 ; n=1
750
750

Vy

Pz=

10.68,2.0,130, 72.2,5.1.70 0.86.26

.0,935 = 3192,3 (N)
250 0.86.33,36 0

Mt khc theo bng 5-12 STCNCTM tp 2 ta c:

Py
Pz

= 0,5 Py= 0,5.Pz = 1596.15 N

Px
= 0.55 Px= 0,55Pz = 1755.65 (N)
Pz

Vy lc chiu trc Px c gi tr : Px = 1755.65 (N).

Vy lc hng knh Py c gi tr: Py = 1596.15 (N).
4. Kim nghim ch ct theo ng lc v m men my.
Kim nghim ch ct
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

35

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Nc=

Pz .Vt
N/c.
60.1020

Vi N/c= 7(kw), = 0,75, Pz = 3192.3 (N), V= 26.19 (mm/p)

Vy Nc=

3192,3.26,19
= 1.366
60.1020

(Kw ) < 7.0,75= 5,25 ( Kw )

Vy ch ct m bo
Kim nghim m men xon Mx:
Ta c : Mx =

3192,3.250
Pz .D
=
= 399 (Nmm)
2.1000
2.1000

10 4. N d / c .
M [Mx] =
1,05.nm

Tra thuyt minh th ca my ta ly nm= 30 (v/p)

10 4.7.0,75
[Mx]=
= 1666.7 (Nmm)
1,05.30

So snh ta thy Mx < [Mx]

Vi: Mx l m men xon
[Mx] l m men xon ln nht cho php ca trc chnh
Vy m men xon m bo
5. Tnh thi gian my T0
Trong sn xut hng lot v hng khi thi gian nguyn cng c xc nh
theo cng thc sau:
Ttc = T0 + Tp + Tpv + Ttn
Trong :
- Ttc: Thi gian tng chic.
- T0 : Thi gian c bn.( Thi gian bin i phi thnh chi tit gia cng).
- Tp : Thi gian ph ( Thi gian g, tho chi tit, dch chuyn dao bn
my,). C th ly gi tr gn ng Tp = 10% T0 .

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

36

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

- Tpv : Thi gian phc v ch lm vic gm: thi gian phc v k thut
thay i dng c, mi dao, sa .( Tpvkt = 8%T0); thi gian phc v t
chc tra du cho my, thu dn ch lm vic, bn giao ca(Tpvtc =3% T0)
- Ttn : Thi gian ngh ngi t nhin ca cng nhn (Ttn = 5%T0).
Thi gian c bn xc nh nh sau:
T0 =

L + L1 + L2
.i
S .nm

Trong :
- L l chiu di b mt cn gia cng .
- L1 l khong chy ti ( B 3- 61, sch hng dn thit k n).
- L2 l khong chy qu ( B 3- 61, sch hng dn thit k n).
- S l lng chy dao vng ( mm/ vng).
- n l s vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht.
- i l s lt ct, i = 1.
5.1 Thi gian nguyn cng I: Phay mt u I.
L = 70 mm.
L1=

( t.( D t ) ) + (0.5 3) = ( 2,5.(250 2,5)) + 1,2 = 26 (mm).

L2= 2 - 5 mm; chn L2= 5 (mm)

T01 =

70 + 26 + 5
.1=0.035(pht).
95.30

5.2 Thi gian nguyn cng II: Phay mt u II.

L = 70 mm.
L1=

( t.( D t ) ) + (0.5 3) = ( 2,5.(250 2,5)) + 1,2 = 26 (mm).

L2= 2 - 5 mm; chn L2= 5 (mm)

T02 =

70 + 26 + 5
.1=0.035(pht).
95.30

5.3 Thi gian nguyn cng III: Khot - Doa Vt mp l 50.

Khot:
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

37

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
L = 29 mm.
L1=

Dd
49,5 47
cot g + (0.5 2) =
cot g 30 0 + 0.85 = 3 (mm).
2
2

L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)

29 + 3 + 3

T03.1 = 0,12.500 .1 = 0.583(pht).

Doa:
L = 29 mm.
L1=

Dd
50 49.5
cot g + (0.5 2) =
cot g 30 0 + 1,57 = 2 (mm).
2
2

L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)

29 + 2 + 3

T03.2 = 0,12.89 .1 = 3,184 (pht).

Vt mp:
L = 1 mm.
L1= (0.5 2); chn L1 = 2 (mm).
1+ 2

T03.3 = 0,12.500 .1 = 0,05 (pht).

5.4 Thi gian nguyn cng IV: Khot - Doa Vt mp l 30.
Khot:
L = 29 mm.
L1=

Dd
cot g + (0.5 2)
2

29,5 27
cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 3
2

(mm).
L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)
T04.1 =

29 + 3 + 3
.1 = 0.036(pht).
1.696

Doa:
L = 29 mm.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

38

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
L1=

Dd
cot g + (0.5 2)
2

30 29.5
cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 2
2

(mm).
L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)
29 + 2 + 3

T04.2 = 0,12.87 .1 = 3,908 (pht).

Vt mp:
L = 1 mm.
L1= (0.5 2); chn L1 = 2 (mm).
1+ 2

T04.3 = 0,1.696 .1 = 0,034 (pht).

5.5 Thi gian nguyn cng V: Phay vu u nh.
L = 15 mm.
L1=

( t.( D t ) ) + (0.5 3) = ( 3.(40 3) ) + 3 = 13,5 (mm).

L2= 2 - 5 mm; chn L2= 5 (mm)

T05 =

15 + 13,5 + 5
.1=0.067(pht).
500.1500

5.6 Thi gian nguyn cng VI: Khoan l du u nh.

Khoan l du 6:
L = 10 mm.
L1=

D
6
cot g + (0.5 2) = cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 7 (mm).
2
2
10 + 7

T06.1 = 0,17.1360 .1 = 0.074 (pht).

Khoan l du 2:
L = 1 mm.
L1=

D
2
cot g + (0.5 2) = cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 3 (mm).
2
2

L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

39

 N MN HC
MY

CNG NGH CH TO

1+ 3 + 3

T06.2 = 0,1.1360 .1 = 0,051 (pht).

5.7 Thi gian nguyn cng VII: Phay vu u to.
L = 15 mm.
L1=

( t.( D t ) ) + (0.5 3) = ( 3.(40 3) ) + 3 = 13,5 (mm).

L2= 2 - 5 mm; chn L2= 5 (mm)

T07 =

15 + 13,5 + 5
.1=0.067(pht).
500.1500

5.8 Thi gian nguyn cng VIII: Khoan l du u to.

Khoan l du 6:
L = 10 mm.
L1=

D
6
cot g + (0.5 2) = cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 7 (mm).
2
2
10 + 7

T08.1 = 0,17.1360 .1 = 0.074 (pht).

Khoan l du 2:
L = 1 mm.
L1=

D
2
cot g + (0.5 2) = cot g 30 0 + (0.5 2) = 3 (mm).
2
2

L2= 1 - 3 mm; chn L2= 3 (mm)

1+ 3 + 3

T08.2 = 0,1.1360 .1 = 0,051 (pht).

Vy thi gian c bn gia cng xong chi tit l:
T0 = T01+ T02+ T03.1+ T03.2+ T03.3+ T04.1+ T04.2+ T04.3+ T05+ T06.1+
T06.2+ T07+ T08.1+ T08.2 = 7,596 pht.
II .Bng tng hp tra lng d v ch ct cho cc nguyn
cng cn li.
Ta tin hnh tra lng d cho cc b mt cn li theo trnh t di
y.
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

40

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

I.Nguyn cng I: Phay th, tinh mt u I.

Bc

Dao

t(mm) Sp(mm/ V(m/p

T0(ph

6H82

P6M5

2.5

p)
95

)
23.56

(v/p)
30

t)
0.035

2.P.tin 6H82

P6M5

0.5

95

23.56

30

0.031

1.P.th

My

h
II.Nguyn cng II: Phay th, tinh mt u II.
Bc

Dao

t(mm) Sp(mm/ V(m/p

T0(ph

6H82

P6M5

2.5

p)
95

)
23.56

(v/p)
30

t)
0.035

2.P.tin 6H82

P6M5

0.5

95

23.56

30

0.035

1.P.th

My

h
III. Nguyn cng III:Khot, doa, vt mp l to u cng
50+0.037 .
Bc
1Khot
2 Doa
3Vt

My

Dao

216A P6M5
216A P6M5
216A P6M5

t(mm Sv(mm/v
)
1.25
0.25
1x

V(mm/

T0(ph

v)
86
10
10

(v/p)
500
89
89

t)
0.583
3.184
0.05

g)
1
1.17
1.17

45o

mp

IV. Nguyn cng IV:Khot, doa, vt mp l u nh cng

300.033 .
Bc

My

Dao

t(mm

Sv(mm/

V(mm/

T0(ph

v)
0.8

v)
72

(v/p)
696

t)
0.036

10

87

3.908

1Khot

2A13

P6M5

)
1.25

2 Doa

5
2A13

P6M5

0.25

5
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

41

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
3Vt

2A13

mp

P6M5

1x

10

87

0.034

45o

V. Nguyn cng V: Phay vu u nh cng t kch thc

280.15 .
Bc
1.P.th

My
6H12

Dao

t(mm) Sp(mm/ V(m/p

T0(ph

BK6M

p)
500

(v/p)
1500

t)
0.067

)
172

VI. Nguyn cng VI: Khoan l du u nh cng t60.1

v 20.1 .
Bc

My

Dao

t(mm) Sv(mm/

2Khoan 2A12

P6M5

1.25

v)
0.17

6
5
1Khoan 2A12

P6M5

0.25

0.05

V(m/p

T0(ph

)
27.5

(v/p)
1360

t)
0.074

43

1360

0.051

VII. Nguyn cng VII: Phay vu u to cng t kch thc 400.16 .

Bc
1.P.th

My
6H12

Dao

t(mm) Sp(mm/ V(m/p

T0(ph

BK6M

p)
500

(v/p)
1500

t)
0.067

)
172

VIII. Nguyn cng VIII: Khoan l du u to cng t60.1

v 20.1 .
Bc

My

Dao

t(mm) Sv(mm/

V(m/p

T0(ph

(v/p)

t)

p)
Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

42

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
2Khoan 2A12

P6M5

1.25

0.17

27.5

1360

0.074

6
5
1Khoan 2A12

P6M5

0.25

0.05

43

1360

0.051

IX. Nguyn cng IX: Tng kim tra.

Kim tra chi tit phi t c cc yu cu k thut.
Chi tit khng c bin dng do lc ct,kp gy ra.
Chi tit phi t c cc yu cu v kch thc v nhn
bng b mt.

Phn VI
TNH V THIT K G KHOAN KHOT L DU U NH
I. Cng dng v nhim v ca g
1. Cng dng
- g l nhng thit b ca qu trnh cng ngh, n chim 1
t trng ln trong trang b cng ngh. Kinh nghim ca nhiu
nh m, x nghip cho thy tiu chun ho cc chi tit ca
g cho php gim c thi gian thit k v ch to g 1
cch ng k. Nh vy, g c nh hng ln n qu trnh
sn xut. S dng g cho php gii quyt c 3 vn c
bn sau:
*Lm tng nhanh qu trnh nh v trn my ct kim loi
*Tng nng sut lao ng v gim nh iu kin lao
ng (do c kh ho v s dng g nhiu v tr ).
*M rng kh nng cng ngh ca cc my, cho php gia
cng cc b mt phc tp trn cc my thng thng.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

43

 N MN HC
MY
-

CNG NGH CH TO

g ng 1 vai tr quan trng trong cc h thng cng

ngh,n xc nh chnh xc v tr ca chi tit vi dng c ct

& kp cht chi tit trong sut qu trnh gia cng.
2. Nhim v.
Ch to g phi m bo:

- Thao tc thun tin .

- An ton cho cng nhn.
- Gim sc lao ng &gim

thi gian ph.

II. Gii thiu kt cu g.
g khoan c dng nhiu trn my khoan xc nh v
tr tng i gia phi v dng c ct, ng thi kp cht
chng gia cng l nh : khoan, khot, doa. g khoan thng hn ch c 6 bc t do ca chi tit xc nh chnh xc
v tr l cn gia cng trn chi tit. y l nhng g chuyn
dng gia cng l chnh xc m bo bo c yu cu k
thut cn gia cng.
c im chnh ca g gia cng trn my khoan l bc
dn hng. Bc dn hng c rt nhiu loi nh bc c nh dng khi
nguyn cng c 1 bc cng ngh, bc thay nhanh dng khi c t
2 bc cng ngh tr nn. Cc bc dn hng c tc dng nng cao
cng vng ca dao khoan, dao khot hay dao doa. g
khoan cn c trng bi c cu kp nh: kp bng ren vt, ai
c, kp bng m kp, kp bng n kp lin ng.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

44

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Hnh 3: Kt cu g khoan, khot 3D.

* Nhng yu cu khi thit k g:
- Cn c vo ni dung cn t mi nguyn cng c phng
n nh v v kp cht hp l gia cng t kch thc t
chnh xc khng c sai s chun ( c=0) hoc sai s chun
l nh nht.
- g phi gn nh, lc kp phi ln thng lc ct gt
nhng khng c ph v nh v. Chi tit trong g phi c
tnh cng ngh v c gng dng ti a cc chi tit tiu chun.
- m bo nh v nhanh v chnh xc gim sc lao ng cho
ngi cng nhn .
- Cc chi tit nh v phi m bo cng vng chnh xc
v chu mi mn tt .
- Thn g phi cng vng chng li s rung ng trong
qu trnh ct gt .
Nu g m bo c cc yu cu trn th vic tin hnh
gia cng chi tit s rt thun li ng thi m bo tnh kinh
t v tnh k thut ca chi tit gia cng trn g.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

45

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
* Chn phng n nh v :

Vi nguyn cng khoan khot l 6, 2 ta dng phng n nh

v l:
- Mt u phin t hn ch ba bc t do.
- Cht trm l 50 hn ch mt bc t do.
- Cht tr ngn l 30 hn ch hai bc t do.
Nh vy chi tit c hn ch su bc t do.
III. Thit k g
1. S nh v v kp cht.
17

18

19

20

1150.1

50.01

200.05

16
15
4500.1

13

12

10

11

25(H7/g6)

150.01

2100.1

460.05

380.01

14

630.01

180.1

300.01

Hnh 4: Bn v g.
2. Chn kt cu g :

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

46

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

a, Tm m.

b, Cht trm.

c, Cht tr ngn.

3. Tnh lc kp khi khoan.

Chi tit gia cng trn my khoan 2A125 ng knh dao khoan
d = 6, d = 2mm bng thp gi P6M5.
Nguyn cng gm hai bc ta ch cn tnh lc kp cho bc khoan
l 6 m bo tc l l 2 cng m bo.
- M men xon khi khoan :
Mx=10. CM .Dq . Sy . KMP
Trong :
KM=KMP =1 :H s tnh n cc yu t gia cng thc t B5-9
(S tay tp 2).
Tra B5-32 (Trang 25 S tay tp 2 )c:
CM = 0.0345

q=2 ;

y = 0.8 ; SV = 0.17 (mm/v)

Mx=10x0.0345 x62 x0.170.8 x1 = 3,009

(N. m)

- Lc dc trc khi khoan: Po=12 CP Dq Sy

KP

Tng t nh trn ta c :
KP =1

CP = 68

q =1

Po=12 x68 x61x0.170.7x 1 = 1416,3 (N)

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

47

y = 0.7

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Cng sut khi khoan l:

Nc=

Mx.n
9750

3.1360
=0,418 (Kw).
9750

IV. Tnh lc kp
Theo s ta thy chi tit chu tc dng ca cc lc :
P0 ; Mx ; Fms1 ; W ; N1.
Theo s ta thy di tc dng ca m men ct Mc, lm chi
tit b xoay quanh trc dao chi tit gia cng khng b x
dch v ng knh l cn khoan khng b lay rng th lc kp
W phi ln chi tit khng b xoay khi khoan. Phng
trnh cn bng chng xoay cho chi tit:

= k.Mx

Trong :
- Mx = 3,009 (Nm ) = 3009 Nmm.
-

h s iu chnh chung m bo an ton.

k = k0.k1.k2.k3.k4.k5.k6

k0

h s an ton, chn k0= 1,5.

k1 h s ph thuc trng hp tng lc ct khi bng

thay i, k1= 1,2.

k2

h s tng lc ct khi dao b mn k2= 1.

k3

h s tng lc v khi ct khng lin tc k3= 1.

- k4

h s tnh n ca sai s lc kp, k4= 1,3.

- k5 h s tnh n mc thun li ca c cu kp bng c

kh k5=1 .
- k6 h s tnh n m men lm quay chi tit k6= 1,2.
Vy h s iu chnh chung m bo an ton l : k =
2,808.

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

48

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

Ta c :

= k.Mx

Fms1.12,5 + 12,5 . Fms = K .Mx

N1.f1.12,5 +W.f.12,5

= K.Mx

( * )

Tnh N1
PTCB theo phng y:

W- N = 0

N1 = W , thay vo ( * ) ta c:

W .f..12,5 + W.f1.12,5 =
Vi
f
chn f = 0,2.

K.Mx

h s ma st gia chi tit gia cng v m kp,

f2 = f1
chn f2 = 0,15.

h s ma st gia chi tit gia cng v cc t,

Vy lc kp cn thit gia cng l:

K .Mx

2,808.3009

W= f .12,5 + f .12,5 = 0,15.12,5 + 0,2.12,5 = 1931,26(N).

1
4.Tnh sai s ch to g
* gd= ( c2 + k2 + dg2 )
Trong : dg= m + ct+ dc
Xt cc thnh phn sai s:
c=0.Do chun nh v trng vi chun o
k=0.Do phng lc kp vung gc vi phng kch thc ang

thc hin
m= N

( m )

:H s ph thuc vo kt cu nh v

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

49

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY
Vi tm m ta c : =0.1- 0.5

.Chn =0.3

N: S lng chi tit c gia cng trn g

N =5000

(chi

tit)
m= 0.3 5000 =21,21 ( m ) =0.021

Vy
dc= 5 - 10

[ ]

mm

( m ) .Chn dc=5 ( m ) =0.005 mm

=( 1/3 -1/5 )

gd

Vi : Dung sai ca nguyn cng l 0,2 mm.

[ ]

1
3

= .0,2

gd

ct

=0.07

(mm)

( [ gd ] 2-( c2 + k2 + m2 + dc2 ))

(0.072-(02+02+ 0.0212+

0.0052)) = 0.0667

mm

66,7 ( m )
5.YCKT ca g :
- B mt lm vic t nh v nhit luyn t HRC 50
-60 .
- B mt lm vic cht nh v nhit luyn t HRC 50
-55.
- B mt lm vic bc dn nhit luyn t HRC 50 .
- m bo khng // ca 2 ng dn hng 0.068 mm
- m bo khng vung gc gia bc dn v y g
0.068 mm

- bng b mt lm vic ca tm m t Ra 0,63.

6.Nguyn l lm vic ca g
t chi tit vo trong g, nh v chi tit bng hai tm
m mt u, cht tr ngn l 30 v cht trm l 50.
Qu trnh kp cht c thc hin khi ta xit bu lng M16 vi

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

50

 CNG NGH CH TO

N MN HC
MY

m men xit va . Qu trnh tho chi tit ra c thc hin

ngc li .
7.Kt lun chung v g
- C cu kp cht & nh v nh trn l t YCKT.
- V mt thao tc cha c thun tin do khi tho chi tit phi
vn ai c kp cht nn tn nhiu thi gian so vi cc phng
php khc.

Ti liu tham kho

1. S tay ch to my tp I

(NXB Khoa hc k thut )

2. S tay ch to my tp II

(NXB Khoa hc k thut )

3. S tay ch to my tp III (NXB Khoa hc k thut )

4. Thit k n CNCTM

(GS-TS Trn vn ch )

5. g gia cng c

(GS-TS Trn vn ch )

6. ATLAT g

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

(GS-TS Trn vn ch )

51

 N MN HC
MY
7. Tp bn v g
8. Dung sai v lp ghp
9. V k thut

Hong Th m
Lp CK5- K4

CNG NGH CH TO
(GS-TS Trn vn ch )
(Ninh c Tn )
( NXB Khoa hc k thut )

52