Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ba2+
Al3+
Cr3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Cu2+
- Ngn la nhum mu - Ngn la nhum mu vng rt m - Ngn la nhum mu tm. - Dng dd (NH4)2C2O4 (amoni oxalat) - To kt ta trng: Ca2+ + (NH4)2C2O4 CaC2O4 + 2NH4+ - Dng dd Na2CO3 - To kt ta trng: Ca2+ + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2Na+ - Dng dung dch K2CrO4 - To kt ta vng ti: Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4 - Dng dung dch Na2SO4 - To kt ta trng hng: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH - To kt ta trng keo ri tan: Al3+ + 2OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 2OH- AlO2- + 2H2O - Dng dung dch NH3 n d. - To kt ta trng keo khng tan: Al3+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4+ - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH - To kt ta ri tan: Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3 Cr(OH)3 + OH- CrO2- + 2H2O - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH (d) -To kt ta mu vng: c mt H2O2 Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3 2Cr(OH)3 + 3H2O2 + 4OH- 2CrO42- + 8 H2O - Dng dung dch KMnO4 trong mi - Fe2+ lm mt mu dd KMnO4: trng axit MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH ly d - To kt ta trng xanh, ngoi khng kh thnh kt hoc dung dch NH3 ly d ta nu : Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)3 Fe2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 + 2NH4+ Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3 - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH ly d - To kt ta nu: hoc dung dch NH3 ly d Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 Fe3+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4+ - Dng dung dch thioxianat (SCN-) - To phc cht mu mu: Fe3+ + nSCN- Fe(SCN)n3-n ( n: 1 4) FeCl3 + 3KSCN Fe(SCN)3 + 3KCl - Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH - To kt ta xanh lc: Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
- To kt ta xanh lc tan trong dung dch NH3 to phc xanh lam m: Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2NH4+ Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 Cu(NH3)4(OH)2
Mg2+
Zn2+
Pb+ Ag+
- Dng dung dch NaOH, KOH ly d - To kt ta Mg(OH)2 tan trong dung dch mui hoc dung dch NH3 . amoni: Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4+ Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4+ Mg2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O - Dng dung dch Na2HPO4 c mt - To kt ta tinh th mu trng: NH3 Mg2+ + NH3 + HPO42- MgNH4PO4 - Dng dung dch NaOH hoc NH3 - Zn2+ + 2OH- Zn(OH)2 to kt ta ri tan. Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- ZnO22- + 2H2O - Zn2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4+ Zn(OH)2 + 4NH3 Zn(NH3)4(OH)2 - Dng dung dch Na2S - To kt ta PbS mu en - Dng dung dch NaCl - Dng H2O c H2S - To kt ta AgCl mu trng tan trong NH3 - To kt ta en: 2Ag+ + S2- Ag2S (en) - C kh mi khai NH3 bay ra: NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O - Bt Cu tan trong dung dch xanh lam; kh khng mu NO bay ra ngoi khng kh ha nu: 3Cu +8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu+ + 2NO + 4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 (nu) - To BaSO4 khng tan trong axit: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 - Mui SO32- lm mt mu: SO32- + I2 + H2O SO42- + 2H+ + 2I- C kh SO2 mi hc bay ra: SO32- + 2H+ H2O + SO2 - To kt ta AgCl mu trng tan trong NH3 : Ag+ + Cl- AgCl AgCl + 2NH3 Ag(NH3)2Cl - To AgBr vng nht; AgI vng m khng tan trong dung dch NH3 - C kh CO2 bay ra: CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
NH4+ NO3-
SO42SO32-
- Dng dung dch BaCl2 - Dng dung dch nc I2 mu nu - Dng dung dch HCl
Cl-
- Dng dung dch AgNO3/HNO3 BrI CO32- - Dng dung dch HCl
PO43- - Dng dung dch AgNO3 S2- Dng dung dch Pb(NO3)2
CHT KH
Cl2
I2 (hi) HCl
- T khng mu chuyn thnh mu xanh. - To AgCl (trng) - Qu tm ha - To khi trng (NH4Cl) - Hi nc ng li - To CuSO4.5H2O - Bng chy - Ha en (to CuO) - Dd b nht mu: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 - Dd b nht mu: 5SO2 + KMnO4 + 2H2O 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 - To PbS (en) - Ha xanh - Khi trng bay ra - T khng mu mu nu (NO2) - Ha : 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO - T mu nu khng mu 2NO2 N2O4 ( khng mu) - Tt - Vn c v to CaCO3 - Cho bt Cu mu - To Pd (vng):
- t, lm lnh - Dng CuSO4 khan, khng mu - Que m tn - Bt Cu () nung nng - Dung dch Br2 mu nu - Dng dch KMnO4 (tm)
- Dng dung dch Pb(NO3)2 - Dng giy qu tm m - Dng HCl c - khng kh - Qu tm - Lm lnh
N2 CO2 CO
H2SO4 long. 4. Al, Fe, Cr khng tan trong H2SO4 c ngui, HNO3 c ngui (un nng th tan) 5. Hu ht kim loi (tr Pt, Au) u tan trong H2SO4 c v HNO3 . 6. Ch c cc kim loi t Mg tr i mi y c kim loi yu hn ra khi dd mui.
t tan). 4. a s cc mui cha CO32- (SO32-) u khng tan ( tr Li+; Na+; K+; NH4+ tan) 5. a s cc mui cha S2- u khng tan (tr Na+; K+; Ba2+; Ca2+; NH4+). 6. C 4 baz tan: KOH; NaOH; Ca(OH)2; Ba(OH)2
Nu cht tham gia l axit th khng cn iu kim 2 cht tham gia phi tan.