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CHNG I: NGUYN T I.Bi ton v bn knh nguyn t. Bi 1. Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10 -27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999.

Hy tnh khi lng ca mt nguyn t oxi ra kg. Bi 2. Cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca C gp 11,905 ln khi lng nguyn t ca hiro. Hy tnh nguyn t khi hiro ra u v gam. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca C bng 12. Bi 3. Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t hi H2O c 88,809% O v 11,191% H theo khi lng. Bit nguyn t khi ca O l 15,999. Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca hiro. Bi 4. Trong 1,5 kg ng c bao nhiu gam electron ? Cho bit 1 mol nguyn t ng c khi lng bng 63,546 gam, mt nguyn t ng c 29 electron. Bi 5. Nguyn t km c bn knh R = 1,35.10-10m, c khi lng nguyn t l 65u. a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km. Bit Vhnh cu =

4 .r3. 3

b) Thc t hu nh ton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn vi bn knh r = 2.10 -15m. Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t km.

A v nguyn t khi l 27. Hy xc nh khi lng ring khi lng ring ca nhm l bao nhiu ? Bi 7. Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t canxi, bit th tch ca 1 mol canxi bng 25,87cm3 . Bit rng trong tinh th cc nguyn t canxi bng 74% th tch. Bi 8. Nu thc nghim nhn rng nguyn t Ca, Cu u c dng hnh cu , sp xp t kht bn cnh nhau th th tch chim bi cc nguyn t kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton th tch khi tinh th. Khi lng ring iu kin tiu chun ca chng th rn tng ng l 1,55g/cm3; 8,9g/cm3 v nguyn t khi ca canxi l 40,08u, ca ng l 63,546u. Hy tnh bn knh nguyn t Ca v nguyn t Cu. Bi 9. Gia bn knh ht nhn (R) v s khi (A) ca nguyn t c mi lin h nh sau:R =1,5.10 -13. 3 A Hy tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t. Bi 10. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t hiro c bn knh gn ng bng 10-6 nm, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,056 nm. a) Hy tnh v so snh th tch nguyn t hiro vi th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro. b) Hy tnh v so snh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v ca nguyn t hiro. Bi 11. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Au 200C bit nhit khi lng ring ca vng l 19,32g/cm3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Au l 196,97. Bi 12. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Fe 20 0C bit nhit khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,87g/cm3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85. Bi 13. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Ca bit V ca mt nguyn t gam Ca bng 25,87 cm 3. Bit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca chim 74% th tch, cn li l khe rng. II. Ton v cc loi ht. 40 Bi 1. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : 3 5 ; 39 19 K ; 18 Ar .
Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. Bi 2. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca cc ion to thnh t X. Bi 3. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Bi 4. Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M 2+ l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi M c k hiu no sau y? 54 54 54 54 24 Cr , 25 Mn , 26 Fe , 27 Co . Bi 5. Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km hn s ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit Z Na=11, ZMg=12, ZAl=13,

ZCa=20, ZK=19).

Bi 6. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi nguyn t ca nguyn t X. Bi 7. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t Y l 21. Hy xc nh thnh phn cu to nguyn t, gi tn v vit k hiu nguyn t X. Bi 8. Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 34. Hy da vo bng tun hon xc nh nguyn t R. Bi 9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s proton, ntron, electron bng 54, s ht proton gn bng s ht ntron . Tnh Z v A ca nguyn t nguyn t R. Bi 10. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z. Tng s ht p, n, e trong cc nguyn t ln lt l 16, 58, 78. S ntron trong ht nhn v s hiu nguyn t ca mi nguyn t khc nhau khng qu 1 n v. Hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit k hiu cc nguyn t. Bi 11. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 23. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn Bi 6. Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,43 0 t M v X. Vit cng thc phn t ca hp cht M2X. Bi 12. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong NX2 l 58. a) Tm AM v AX. b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2. Bi 13. Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 3 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nh B s proton bng s ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B. Bi 14. C hp cht MX3 . Cho bit : - Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X km hn ca M l 8. - Tng 3 loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. Hy xc nh nguyn t M, X ? Bi 15. Nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in bng 53,125 s ht mang in v tng ht l 49. Nguyn t Y c s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 8 v s ht khng mang in bng 52,63% s khi. Tm s p,n, nguyn t khi v xc nh X, Y? Bi 16. Hp cht c dng AB3, tng s ht p trong phn t l 40, trong thnh phn ht nhn A cng nh B u c s ht p bng s ht n. A thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B? Bi 17. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 34. Trong , ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 10. a. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH? b. Vit p iu ch trc tip X? Bi 18. Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. 81Br - X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2? Bi 19. Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n. a. Xc nh M? b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dd A? Bi 20. M l kim loi to ra 2 mui MClx, MCly v 2 oxit MO0,5x, M2Oy. T l v khi lng ca clo trong 2 mui l 1: 1,172, ca oxi trong 2 oxit l 1: 1,35. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca M. Bi 21. Hp cht Y c cng thc M4X3. Bit -Tng s ht trong phn t Y l 214 ht -Ion M3+ c s e bng s e ca ion X4-Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t nguyn t M nhiu hn tng s ht ca nguyn t nguyn t X trong Y l 106. Xc nh hp cht Y Bi 22..Hp cht A c cng thc l MXa trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c n- p = 4, ca X c n = p, , trong n, n, p, p, l s ntron v s proton.

Tng s proton trong MXa l 58. Xc nh tn, s khi ca M, s TT ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon. Vit cu hnh e ca X. Bi 23 : Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 6.667% khi lng . Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c n=p + 4, cn trong ht nhn ca R c n , = p , , trong n, p, n ,, p , l s ntron v proton tng ng ca M v R. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84 v a+b =4. Tm cng thc phn t ca Z. Bi 24. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr 2 v mt phi kim ha tr 1. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110, hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi trong B l 70. T l s ht mang in ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2: 7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn. Bi 25. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v ion X-. Tng s gt p, n, e trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht. S khi ca ion M 2+ nhiu hn nhiu hn trong X- l 21 ht. Tng s ht p, n, e trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X- l 27 ht. Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng tun hon, Bi 26. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+ v ion X2-.Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht l 140 ht, trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ nhiu hn ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong M+ nhiu hn trong X2- l 31 a. Vit cu hnh e ca X2- v M+ b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH. Bai 27. Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X ln lt l 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht MXa, trong phn t ca hp cht tng s proton ca cc nguyn t bng 77. Hy vit cu hnh e ca M v X t xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. CTPT ca MXa. Bi 28. X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 90 ( X c in tch ht nhn nh nht ) a. Xc nh s in tch ht nhn ca X, Y, R, A, B, gi tn cc nguyn t . b. Vit cu hnh e ca X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng. Bi 29.Phn t X c cng thc abc. Tng s ht mang in v khng mang in trong phn t X l 82. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22, hiu s khi gia b v c gp 10 ln s khi ca a, tng s khi gia b v c gp 27 ln s khi ca a. Tm CTPT ng ca X . Bi 30. Mt hp cht c to thnh t cc ion M+ v X 22 . Trong phn t M2X2 c tng s ht p, n, e bng 164, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52. S khi ca M nhiu hn s khi ca X 22 l 7 ht X l 23. Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion a. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t M2X2 b. Cho hp cht M2X2 tc dng vi nc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by phng php ha hc nhn bit sn phm. Bai 31: X v Y l 2 phi kim. Trong nguyn t X v Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in ln lt l 14 v 16. Hp cht Z c cng thc l XY nc c im l: + X chim 15,0486 % v khi lng + Tng s proton l 100 + Tng s ntron l 106 Bi 32:Cho tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX2 l 178 ht, trong hy nhn ca M s ntron nhiu hn s proton 4 ht, cn trong ht nhn ca X s ntron bng s proton. S proton trong ht nhn ca M nhiu hn s proton trong ht nhn ca X l 10 ht. Xc nh cng thc ca MX2. Bi 33: Hp cht M2X c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X nhiu hn M l 9. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17 ht. Xc nh s khi ca M v X. Bi 34: Tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X - nhiu hn trong M3+ l 16. Xc nh M v X. Bi 35: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s ht c bn l 52. Tm s p, n v suy ra X? III. Ton v ng v 2

Bi 1.Oxi c 3 ng v l 8 , CO2 c th to thnh. Tnh M CO2.

17 8

O,

18 8

O . Cacbon c 2 ng v l 12C v 13C. Xc nh cc loi phn t

Bi 3.Hidro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 2H trong 1ml nc ( cho rng trong nc ch c ng v 1H v 2H, cho M H2O = 18, khi lng ring ca nc l 1g/ml Bi 4. Trong t nhin ng v 37Cl chim 24,23,% s nguyn t clo.Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng 37 Cl c trong HClO4 ( vi hidro l ng v 1H, oxi l ng v 16O). Cho khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5 Bi 5. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v A v B.T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B l 27: 23. ng v A c 35p v 44n. ng v B nhiu hn ng v A 2 ntron. Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X. Bi 6. Mg c 3 ng v : 24Mg ( 78,99%), 25Mg (10%), 26Mg( 11,01%). a. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh. b. Gi s trong hn hp ni trn c 50 nguyn t 25Mg, th s nguyn t tng ng ca 2 ng v cn li l bao nhiu. Bi 7. Trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 35,5. Tnh s nguyn t ca ng v 37Cl, trong 3,65g HCl. Bi 8. Trong t nhin Brom c 2 ng v l 79Br v 81Br c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 79,92. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 81Br trong NaBr l bao nhiu. Cho MNa=23 Bi 9.Trong t nhin Cu c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu . Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuCl2 l bao nhiu ( bit M Cl = 35,5) Bi 10. Nguyn t khi ca B l 10,81. B gm 2 ng v 10B v 11B. C bao nhiu phn trm ng v 11B trong axit boric H3BO3. 1. Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. hai ng v ny c s n hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96%, cn li l % cc nguyn t c s khi ln hn. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? 2. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht khng mang in bng 0,5833 s ht mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? 3. C 3 ng v ca nguyn t X, m tng s ht trong 3 nguyn t ng v l 75. Trong ng v 1, s p bng s n, ng v 2 c s n km thua ng v 3 l 1. a. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? b. Trong X, s nguyn t ca cc ng v th nht, 2, 3 ln lt theo t l 115:3:2. Tm khi lng mol trung bnh ca X? Bi 11.Trong t nhin nguyn t Clo c 2 ng v 35Cl v 37Cl c phn trm s lng tng ng l 75% v 25%. Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v trong 63Cu chim 73% s lng. Bit Cu v Cl to c hp cht CuCl 2 trong Cu chim 47,228% khi lng. Xc nh ng v th 2 ca Cu. Bi 12 : Cho H c 3 ng v 1H1, 1H2, 1H3 vi t l % tng ng l:99,1%; 0,6%; 0,3% O c 3 ng v 8O16 , 8O17 , 8O18 vi t l % tng ng l: 97,3%; 2%; 0,7%. C bao nhiu phn t H 2O c to thnh t cc ng v trn? Nu cho mt mol phn t H 2O hp th vo bnh P 2O5 thy khi lng bnh tng m gam, tinh m 9 chim 50,69% s nguyn t v 3 5 chim 49,31% Bi 13. Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn : 35 s nguyn t. Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom.
3

Bi 14. ng c hai ng v bn 29Cu v 2 9 . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca mi ng v. Bi 15. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit ng v 35 chim 54,5% . Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca ng v 2. Bi 16. Bo trong t nhin c hai ng v bn: 15 B v 5 . Mi khi c 760 nguyn t 5 th c bao nhiu nguyn t ng v 5 . Bit AB = 10,81. 27 Bi 17. Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l nguyn t l

23 . Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35 proton. Trong

16 O nguyn t ca ng v th nht c 44 ntron. S ntron trong nguyn t ng v th hai nhiu hn trong ng v th nht l 2 ht. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X. Bi 18. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,23% , X2 chim 4,67% v X3 chim 3,10%. Tng s khi ca 3 ng v l 87. S ntron trong X 2 nhiu hn trong X 1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l

28,0855. a) Hy tm X1 , X2 v X3 .

b) Nu trong X1 c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi loi ng v Bi 19. Cho mt dung dch cha 8,19 gam mui NaX tc dng mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09 gam kt ta . a) Tm nguyn t khi v gi tn X. b) X c hai ng v, gi s s nguyn t ca ng v th nht nhiu gp 3 ln s nguyn t ca ng v th hai. Ht nhn ca ng v th nht c t hn ht nhn ng v th hai 2 ntron. Tm s khi ca mi ng v. Bi 20. Trong t nhin bo(B) c hai ng v: 5 v 5 . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca bo 10,81. a) Tnh phn trm ca mi ng v. b) Tnh phn trm khi lng 5 trong axit boric H3BO3 ( Bit H l ng v 11H ; O l ng v ). 8 Bi 21. Trong t nhin ng v 17 chim 24,23% s nguyn t. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng
37 17

Cl c trong HClO4 v phn trm v khi lng


9

c trong KClO3 (vi H l ng v 11H ; O l ng

v 8 ; K l ng v 19 ) ? Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo bng 35,5. Bi 22. Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y, Z , bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron. Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z ? Bi 23. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : 79Y chim 55% s nguyn t Y v ng v 81Y . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y. Bi 24. Clo trong t nhin gm hai ng v 7 v 17 ; Silic gm hai ng v 14 v 14 . Hp cht silic clorua SiCl4 gm c bao nhiu loi phn t c thnh phn ng v khc nhau. Bi 25. C hai ng v 11H (k hiu l H) v 12H (k hiu l D). a) Vit cc loi cng thc phn t hiro c th c. b) Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi phn t. c) 1 lt hiro giu teri ( 12H ) iu kin tiu chun nng 0,1 gam. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng tng ng v ca hiro. Bi 26. Hiro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 12H trong 1 ml nc ( cho rng trong nc ch c ng v 11H v 12H ) ? ( Cho khi lng ring ca nc l 1 g/ml) Bi 27. Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v : 99,6% 0 ; 0,063% 38 Ar ; 0,337% 36 Ar . Tnh th tch ca 15 g Ar iu kin tiu chun. Bi 28. Hiro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hiro gm hai loi ng v 11H v 12D . Hi trong 100 g nc ni trn c bao nhiu ng v 12D ? Bit rng nguyn t khi ca hiro l 1,008 v oxi l 16. 81Br 13 18 Bi 29. Trong t nhin oxi c ba ng v 18O ; 18O ; 8 O , cacbon c hai ng v 6 ; 6 C .Hi c th c bao nhiu loi phn t kh cacbonic hp thnh t cc ng v trn ? Vit cng thc phn t v tnh phn t khi ca chng. Bi 30. Hiro c ba ng v 11H , 12H v 13H . Clo c hai ng v l v 17 . Hy cho bit c bao 7 79Br nhiu phn t hiro clorua to thnh t cc ng v khc nhau v tnh phn t khi ca mi phn t. Bi 31. Trong t nhin oxi tn ti 3 ng v bn : 18O ; 18O ; 188 O v hiro c ba ng v bn l : 11H ,
2 9

11

10

H v 13H . Hi c bao nhiu phn t nc c to thnh v phn t khi ca mi loi l bao nhiu?
2 23 11 16

11

Bi 32. Cho bit cc nguyn t S2- , Na+.

Na . Hy xc nh s ht electron v tng s cc ht c trong ion

Bi 33. Mt loi kh clo c cha hai ng v v clo tcdng vi H 2, ly sn phm ho tan vo nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: trung ho ht 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,88M . Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 31,57 gam kt ta . Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v .

IV. CU HNH ELECTRON Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu sau : Sr (Z = 21) ; Ti (Z=22) ; V (Z=23) ; Cr (Z=24) ; Mn (Z=25) ; Co (Z=27) ; Ni (Z=28) . Bi 3: Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau: 29 Cu . 6 C , 8 O , 12 Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , - Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao? - Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao? Bi 4: . Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau : 10 Ne , 19 K , 17 Cl . Hy vit cu hnh electron v v cu to nguyn t . Bi 5.a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4 . Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X. b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y. Bi 6. Nguyn t R bt i 1 electron to ra cation R+ cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 . Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v s phn b electron theo obitan ca nguyn t R. Bi 7. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+ u l 4s24p6. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lng tnh ? V sao ? Bi 8. Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ? b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. Bi 9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 8. Xc nh A, B. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B. Bi 10. Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B. b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B l 71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B. Bi 11: Cc nguyn t no c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Tm v tr cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH. Bi 12: Hy sp xp c gii thch cc ht vi m cho di y theo chiu gim dn bn knh ht: Rb + (z=37), Y3+ ( z=36), Br_ (z=35), Se2- (z=34), Sr2+(z=38) -Cho cc ht vi m: Na, Na+, Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+, F-, O2-. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu gim dn bn knh ht. Bi 13. Nguyn t X , ion Y2+ v ion B- u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Y v B . b) Cu hnh electron trn c th l cu hnh ca nhng nguyn t , ion no ? Bi 14: Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ? b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH? Bi 15: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s khi ca X? b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s notron bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R vi X?

Bi 16: Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau: a. 1s22s22p1 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p63s23p5 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him? Bi 17: Vit cu hnh e cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t? Bi 18: Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b. Vit cu hnh e? Bi 19: Cho cc ion : NO 3 , NH 4 , HSO 4 , bit ZN = 7; ZO = 8 ; ZH = 1 ; ZS = 16. Hy xc nh : - Tng s ht proton , electron c trong cc ion . - Tng s ht ntron c trong c trong cc ht nhn nguyn t to nn cc ion . Bi 20: Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p4 . T l ntron v proton l 1:1. nguyn t B c s ntron bng 1,25 ln s ntron ca A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B tc dng vi lng d A ta thu c 11 g hp cht B2A. Xc nh s th t , s khi ca A, B. Bi 21. S dng bng h thng tun hon, hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t di dng lng t nu cho bit cc nguyn t c Z bng 7 ; 14 ; 16 . Bi 22. Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34. a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc). b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t . Bi 23. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? V. XC NH TN NGUYN T DA VO CT OXIT CAO NHT, HP CHT KH VI HIRO Bi 1: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O7. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 2,74% hiro v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Bi 2: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O5. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 91,18% R v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Bi 3: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO3, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 5,88% hiro v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R. Bi 4: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO2, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 75% cacbon v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t R. Bi 5: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc HR. oxit cao nht ca n cha 58,92 % khi lng ca nguyn t R. Tm nguyn t . Bi 6: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc H2R. oxit cao nht ca n cha 60% khi lng oxi. Tm nguyn t R v suy cng thc Oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro ? Bi 7:Mt nguyn t R c hp cht kh vi H l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66% khi lng ca R a. Xc nh nguyn t R. b. Cho 28,4g oxit trn ha tan vo 80 ml dd NaOH 25% ( d=1,28). Tnh C% ca dd mui sau phn ng. VI. XC NH TN NGUYN T THUC 2 CHU K, 2 NHM LIN TIP TRONG BNG HTTH Cu 1: A, B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A, B bng 32. Hy vit cu hnh e ca A, B v cc ion m A, B c th to thnh. Cu 2: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. B thuc nhm VA. trng thi n cht , A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 23. a.Vit cu hnh e ca A, B b.T cc n cht A, B v cc ha cht cn thit, hy vit cc PTPU iu ch 2 axit trong A v B c s oxi ha dng cao nht. Cu 3: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. A thuc nhm VIA. trng thi n cht , A v B phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 25.Vit cu hnh e ca A v B. Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon. Cu 4: : Hai nguyn t A v B cng phn nhm chnh trong HTTH v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong HTTH. B v D l hai nguyn t k cn nhau trong cng mt chu k. a)Nguyn t A c 6e lp ngoi cng. Hp cht X ca A vi H cha 11,1% H. Xc nh phn t lng ca X suy ra A, B. b)Hp cht Y c cng thc AD2 trong 2 nguyn t A v D u t c cu bn ca kh him. Xc nh tn ca D. c)Hp cht Z gm 3 nguyn t B, A, D c t l khi lng mA: mB: mD = 1: 1: 2,2. Hn hp gm 2 lit hi ca Y v mt lit hi ca Z c d/H2 = 51,5. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z.

Cu 5. Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? Cu 6. A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tng s p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? VII. XC NH TN NGUYN T QUA PHN NG HA HC Cu 1. Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh ktc v dd A. a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A? b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II? c. Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hh u? Cu 2. em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a. Tnh m? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng HTTH? Cu 3. Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra kh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng? Cu 4. Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh? Cu 5. Ha tan 2,84gam hh hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dd A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi? Cu 6. Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hiro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kim ? Cu 7. Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ? Cu 8. Cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng HTTH. Bit rng 4,4gam hh hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ? Cu 9.Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hh hai kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn 2 kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hh hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dd HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Cu 11. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dd H2SO4. Sau p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hh? Cu 12. Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng? Cu 13. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g Nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dd M. a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? b. Tnh C% ca dd M? Cu 14. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dd 50% ca Y p ht vi dd HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Cu 15. Mt hh X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hh X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra p ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Cu 16. Ha tan 7,83gam mt hh X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH c 1 lt dd C v 2,8 lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C? Cu 17. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH? Cu 18. Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 10% thu c dd mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ?

VII. XC NH TN NGUYN T QUA PHN NG HA HC Cu 1. Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh ktc v dd A. a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A? b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II? c. Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hh u? Cu 2. em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a. Tnh m? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng HTTH? Cu 3. Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra kh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng? Cu 4. Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh? Cu 5. Ha tan 2,84gam hh hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dd A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi? Cu 6. Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hiro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kim ? Cu 7. Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ? Cu 8. Cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng HTTH. Bit rng 4,4gam hh hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ? Cu 9.Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hh hai kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn 2 kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hh hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dd HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Cu 11. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dd H2SO4. Sau p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hh? Cu 12. Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng? Cu 13. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g Nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dd M. a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? b. Tnh C% ca dd M? Cu 14. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dd 50% ca Y p ht vi dd HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Cu 15. Mt hh X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hh X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra p ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Cu 16. Ha tan 7,83gam mt hh X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH c 1 lt dd C v 2,8 lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C? Cu 17. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH? Cu 18. Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 10% thu c dd mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ?

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