Bao Trom Qua Duong Day Dien Thoai

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi
Chng 1: DN NHP
1.1 t vn : Nh chng ta thy, trong thc t hin nay k thut in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc trong cc ngnh hng khng v tr, thng tin lin lc, t ng iu khin...c bit trong cc thit b in t t ng i hi s chnh xc cao h tr con ngi rt nhiu trong cuc sng. Nhng thnh tu khoa hc k thut mang n cho con ngi mt cuc sng tin nghi vn minh v hin i. Mt trong nhng ng dng rt quan trng ca cng ngh in t l k thut bo ng in t. Cc thit b bo ng in t nh: h thng bo chy, h thng bo nc y, h thng bo qu ti trong thang my, h thng bo trm bng chung. Cc thit b ny gp phn rt ln trong vic bo v an ton cho cc dng c v ti sn ca ngi s dng. Nhng mt khuyt im ni bt trong cc phng php bo ng ni trn l khng th truyn xa c. Xut pht t nhng nhu cu thc t trong cuc sng i cng vi c s vt cht hin c, mt phng php bo ng t xa ra i c th khc phc c khuyt im v khong cch v th hin c vai tr ny chnh l phng php bo ng t xa qua mng in thoi. Phng php ny gip ngi s dng h thng c th linh hot hn trong vic kim tra cng nh c nhng phng php gii quyt hp l t mt khong cch khng gii hn tu thuc vo kh nng ph kn ca mng li in thoi c sn T nhng tng trn v nhn thy c nhu cu thc t, nhm thc hin ti mnh dn thc thi tng thit k v thi cng h thng bo trm t xa qua mng in thoi. 1.2 Tm quan trng ca ti: Hnh thnh tng t nhu cu thc t x hi, nhng to ra c mt sn phm c gi tr ng dng cao th y chnh l mt iu kin tt nht ngi thc hin ti c th t kim chng li nng lc ca mnh trong sut 6 hc k tch lu t s t lc ca bn thn v t trng lp. i hi ngi thc hin ti phi n lc trong vn h thng ho li ton b cc kin thc lin quan v ng dng n mt cch hiu qu trong khi thc hin ti. Trang 1
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ti H thng bo trm t xa qua mng in thoi hon thnh s gp phn vo vic n nh an ninh x hi, gim thiu thi gian v chi ph cho vic bo v cc ti sn c nhn, tp th, cc c quan, x nghip. ng thi y l mt gii php ph hp vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh hin i ngy nay, khi m mt ngi t mt v tr bt k ni u u c th gin tip bo v ti sn ca mnh thng qua mng in thoi. 1.3 Gii hn ti: Trong gii hn thi gian cho php hon thnh ti ny kt hp vi nhng kin thc tch lu c trong sut kho hc khng cho php ngi thc hin ti thc hin c hon chnh ton b cc yu cu to ra mt sn phm u vit. Do ngi thc hin ti ch tp trung i su nghin cu v : Dng h vi iu khin 89C51 iu khin qu trnh thu pht Dng MT8888 chuyn dng thu pht DTMF giao tip vi vi iu khin 89C51 Dng ISD1420 pht tn hiu bo trm ln Line in thoi Dng 2 led thu pht hng ngoi cm bin c trm a vo vi x l iu khin Do iu kin v vt cht , trnh v thi gian cn thiu nhiu nn ti vn cn tn ti mt s vn cha gii quyt c, l: Trong qu trnh thi cng kh khn trong vic thu Line in thoi ca bu in th nghim nn ngi thc hin ti s dng tng i ni b 3 s c sn thc hin ti ny. Do c vi s khc bit gia tng i ni b vi tng i bu in, nn nu ng dng h thng ny s dng tng i bu in s phi thay i mt s thng s v linh kin cng nh phn mm iu khin. Khi s dng h thng ch c mt chiu pht tn hiu bo trm m cha c th iu khin ngc li cc thit b. Cc ng dng i km cha c khai thc nh: h thng bo chy, bo mt ngun V mt phn cng ht sc quan trong hon thin ti ny l: bn phm nhp s t ng t bn ngoi thay i s in thoi m khng cn phi thay i chng trnh. Trang 2
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 1.4 Mc ch nghin cu: Mc ch ca ngi thc hin ti tin hnh nghin cu l: Trc tin vi bn thn ngi thc hin ti, y chnh l mt c hi tt c th t kim tra li kin thc ca mnh, ng thi c c hi n lc vn ng tm hiu, tip cn nghin cu c vi nhng vn mnh cha bit, cha hiu r nhm trang b cho bn thn nhiu kin thc b ch sau ny c th ng dng vo thc t cuc sng. Sau khi to ra c sn phm ca ti c th ng dng bo ng cho nhng ni nh: h thng cc phng ban trong c quan x nghip, cc khch sn, nh ngh, hoc cc h gia nh c nhu cu s dng
Trang 3
Chng 2: C S L LUN
2.1 i tng nghin cu: ti hng ti mt phng thc bo ng t xa c s kt hp ca nhiu lnh vc lin quan nh: tng i in thoi, vi mch in t Do o, to ra c mt sn phm hon thin theo mc ch t ra ca ti th ngi thc hin cn phi tp trung nghin cu ch yu n i tng: Vi mch in t: l mt i tng gi vai tr trung tm trong vic lin kt v x l tn hiu t cc i tng khc. Trong ti c 1 board mch chnh l: mch giao tip gia tn hiu u vo vi ng dy in thoi.Board ny c thit k v thi cng t cc linh kin in t c sn ngoi th trng nh: in tr, t in, cc IC s,vv vi s iu khin trung tm ca IC vi iu khin lp trnh AT89C51. Board ny khi nhn tn hiu bo trm t 2 led hng ngoi s iu khin qu trnh pht DTMF. Khi nhn c tn hiu o cc (tc c trng thi nhc my) ca thu bao nhn, vi x l s iu khin pht cu thng bo bo trm c ghi sn trong ISD1420 Tng i in thoi gi vai tr quyt nh ng truyn tn hiu, mi tn hiu s c truyn trn ng dy in thoi theo phng thc truyn quy c ca tng i v s cho php ca tng i. Do iu kin thc t kh khn trong vic thu tng i bu in khi thi cng, ngi thc hin chn tng i ni b p ng cho vic truyn cc tn hiu iu khin ny. 2.2 DN , PHNG TIN V PHNG N THC HIN 2.2.1 Dn : T nhng lp lun trn, nhm thc hin tin hnh xy dng n vi nhng ni dung dn nh sau: Phn vit bo co gm cc ni dung chnh: M hnh, s khi v phng n thit k. L thuyt thit k. Thit k phn cng. Thit k phn mm. Tm tt Kt lun ngh v hng pht trin ti. Ti liu tham kho Ph lc (lu v chng trnh phn mm). Trang 4
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Phn thi cng m hnh v mch in gm: Thi cng tt c cc mch in trong n ( mch cm bin tn hiu o cc, mch cm bin c trm, mch thu pht tn hiu m thanh, mch pht DTMF) 2.2.2 Phng tin v phng n thc hin: Nhm thc hin xy dng phng n tin hnh cng vic da trn nhng phng tin vt cht sn c (my vi tnh, cc dng c lm mch in) nh sau: Giai on 1 Tm hiu v cc h thng bo trm, a ra m hnh d kin v thit b bo trm qua ng dy in thoi, t la chn ra kiu mu ph hp nht vi kh nng thc hin. Sau , trnh ln c hng dn duyt. Giai on 2 Sau khi a ra c m hnh d kin, c c hng dn ng , nhm tin hnh thc hin tng phn ca m hnh l : 1. Thit k, thi cng mch in. 2. Vit chng trnh v cho chy th nghim. Giai on 3 Th nghim li chng trnh v vit bo co Giai on 4 Kim tra li ton b nhng g lm c v bo co vi c hng dn v nhng kt qu ca ti. 2.4. Lp k hoch nghin cu: Ngy nhn ti: 24/04/2007 Ngy np ti: -/-/2007 hon thnh ti ng tin , ngi thc hin ti nh sn k hoch thc hin theo tng giai on trong ton qu thi gian nh sau: Tham kho ti liu: t 25/04/2007 n 02/05/2007. Thi cng phn cng: t 03/05/2007 n 17/05/2007 Thi cng phn mm: t 18/05/2007 n 25/05/2007 Chy th nghim v khc phc sai xt: t 26/05/2007 n 17/06/2007 Lm bo co l thuyt: t 18/06/2007 n 25/06/2007 Trang 5
CHNG 3: GII THIU TNG QUAN V MNG IN THOI

3.1. Gii thiu tng quan v tng i in thoi: 3.1.1. nh ngha v tng i: Tng i l mt h thng chuyn mch, n c nhim v kt ni cc cuc lin lc t thit b u cui ch gi (Calling Side) n thit b u cui b gi (Called Side). Hay ni cch khc: tng i l mt h thng chuyn mch c h thng kt ni cc cuc lin lc gia cc thu bao vi nhau, vi s lng thu bao ln hay nh ty thuc vo tng loi tng i, tng khu vc. 3.1.2. Chc nng ca tng i: Tng i in thoi c cc chc nng sau: Nhn bit c khi thu bao no c nhu cu xut pht cuc gi. Thng bo cho thu bao bit minh sn sng tip nhn cc yu cu ca thu bao. Nhn dng thu bao gi: xc nh khi thu bao nhc ng nghe v sau c ni vi mch iu khin. Tip nhn s c quay: khi ni vi mch iu khin, thu bao ch bt u nghe thy tn hiu mi quay s v sau chuyn s in thoi ca thu bao b gi. Kt ni cuc gi: khi cc s quay c ghi li, thu bao b gi c xc nh, tng i s chn mt b cc ng trung k n tng i thu bao b gi v sau chn mt ng ri trong s . Khi thu bao b gi nm trong tng i ni ht th mt ng gi ni ht c s dng. Chuyn mch thng tin iu khin: khi c ni vi tng i ca thu bao b gi hay tng i trung chuyn, c hai tng i trao i vi nhau cc thng tin cn thit nh s thu bao b gi Kt ni trung chuyn: trong trng hp tng i c ni n tng i trung chuyn, trn dy c nhc li ni vi trm cui v sau thng tin nh s thu bao b gi c truyn i.
Trang 6
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Kt ni trm cui: khi trm cui c nh gi l trm ni ht da trn s thu bao b gi c truyn i, b iu khin trng thi my bn ca thu bao b gi c tin hnh. Nu my khng trng thi bn th mt ng ni c ni vi cc ng trung k c chn kt ni cc cuc gi. Truyn tn hiu chung: kt ni cuc gi, tn hiu chung c truyn v ch cho n khi c tr li t thu bao b gi. Khi tr li, tn hiu chung b ngt v trng thi c chuyn thnh trng thi my bn. Tnh cc: tng i ch gi xc nh cu tr li ca thu bao b gi v nu cn thit bt u tnh ton gi tr cc phi tr theo khong cch gi v theo thi gian gi. Truyn tn hiu bo bn: khi tt c cc ng trung k u b chim theo cc bc trn y hoc thu bao b gi bn th tn hiu bn c truyn n cho thu bao ch gi. Hi phc h thng: trng thi ny c xc nh khi cuc gi kt thc. Sau tt c cc ng ni u c gii phng. Giao tip c vi nhng tng i khc phi hp iu khin. 3.1.3. Phn loi tng i: Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, tng i in thoi ngy nay ph hp vi yu cu pht trin ca x hi. Qu trnh hnh thnh ca tng i bao gm cc loi tng i sau: Tng i cng nhn: Vic kt ni thng thoi, chuyn mch da vo con ngi. Tng i c in: B phn thao tc chuyn mch l h thng c kh, c iu khin bng h thng mch t. Gm hai h thng chuyn mch c kh c bn: chuyn mch tng nc v chuyn mch ngang dc. Tng i in t: Qu trnh iu khin kt ni hon ton t ng, v vy ngi s dng cng khng th cung cp cho tng i nhng yu cu ca mnh bng li ni c. Ngc li, tng i Trang 7
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi tr li cho ngi s dng cng khng th bng li ni. Do , cn qui nh mt s thit b cng nh cc tn hiu ngi s dng v tng i c th lm vic c vi nhau. * Phng thc chuyn mch ca tng i in t Tng i in t c nhng phng thc chuyn mch sau : Tng i in t dng phng thc chuyn mch khng gian (SDM :Space Devision Multiplexer) Tng i in t dng phng thc chuyn mch thi gian (TDM :Timing Devision Multiplexer) : c hai loi. - Phng thc ghp knh tng t theo thi gian (Analog TDM) gmc: + Ghp knh bng phng thc truyn t cng hng. + Ghp knh PAM (PAM : Pulse Amplitude Modulation). Trong k thut ghp knh PCM ngi ta li chia 2 loi : iu ch Delta v iu ch PCM. Ngoi ra, i vi tng i c dung lng ln v rt ln (dung lng ln n c vi chc ngn s) ngi ta phi hp c hai phng thc chuyn mch SDM v TDM thnh T S T, T S, S T S . u im ca phng thc kt hp ny l tn dng ti a s link trng v gim bt s link trng khng cn thit, lm cho kt cu ca ton tng i tr nn n gin hn. bi v, phng thc ghp knh TDM lun lun to ra kh nng ton thng, m thng thng i vi tng i c dung lng ln, vic d link l khng cn thit. Ngi ta tnh ra thng thng ch c ti a 10% cc thu bao c yu cu cng 1 lc, nn s link trng ch cn t 10% tng s thu bao l . Tng i in t dng phng thc ghp knh theo tn s (FDM : Frequence Devision Multiplexer). 3.1.4 Cc loi tng i in t hin c Cng vi s pht trin ca linh kin bn dn, cc thit b ngy cng tr nn thng minh hn, gi thnh ngy cng gim. N ln lt thay th phn c kh cn li ca tng i Trang 8
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi c in. Vic thay th ny lm cho tng i gn nh rt nhiu, thi gian kt ni thng thoi nhanh hn, nng lng tiu tn t hn. Dung lng tng i tng ln ng k. Cng tc sa cha bo tr, pht hin h hng cng d dng hn. Chnh v vy tng i in t hin nay hu nh thay th hon ton tng i nhn cng v tng i c in trn th gii. Hin nay trn mng vin thng Vit Nam c 5 loi tng i sau : - Tng i c quan PABX: c s dng trong cc c quan, khch sn v thng s dng trung k CO-Line(central office). - Tng i nng thn (Rural Exchange): c s dng cc x, khu dn c ng, ch v c th s dng tt c cc loi trung k. - Tng i ni ht LE (Local Exchange): c t trung tm huyn tnh v s dng tt c cc loi trung k. - Tng i ng di TE (Toll Exchange): dng kt ni cc tng i ni ht cc tnh vi nhau, chuyn mch cc cuc gi ng di trong nc. - Tng i ca ng quc t (Gateway Exchange): tng i ny dng chn hng v chuyn mch cc cuc gi vo mng quc t ni cc quc gia vi nhau, c th chuyn ti cuc gi qu giang.
Trang 9
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 3.1.5. GII THIU V TNG I IN T NI B C QUAN PABX (PRIVATE AUTOMATIC BRANCH EXCHANGE) TC-2000, SERIAL 308A CA CNG TY IKE 3.1.5.1 Cc tnh nng ca tng i ni b TC-308A Th h tng i ni b TC-2000 serial A308 ca cng Ty IKE l mt loi tng i in t chuyn mch hon ton t ng, s dng ngun in t cp 220V_AC. H thng giao tip vi bn ngoi bao gm: 3 line kt ni vi tng i bu in tng ng vi 3 a ch thu bao, ng thi tng i cn c 8 line thng thoi ni b hot ng c c hai trng thi c hoc khng lin kt vi tng i bu in. Tng i ni b cn h tr rt nhiu chc nng nh: Tng di cho php ngi s dng lp trnh cc ch hot ng ca tng i theo mnh mt n 1000m. Khi kt ni vi mng in thoi bu in ( c th kt ni n ti a 3 s a ch thu bao), mt thu bao bn ngoi yu cu c kt ni thng thoi vi 1 trong 3 thu bao bu in ca tng i th c th lin cch d dng bng in thoi bn c 12 phm chun. Khi khng kt ni vi mng in thoi bu in, tng i vn hot ng bnh thng dng lin lc ni b gia 8 line trong h thng vi nhau tng ng vi cc s a ch thu bao mc nh t 801 n 808 ( ngi s dng c th lp trnh s a ch thu bao theo mnh trong phm vi t 100 n 999), tng i ni b cho php qu trnh hot ng lin lc ni b theo phng thc hon ton ging nh tng i bu in v cc thng s k thut v cht lng thng tin truyn. Khong cch gii hn trao i thng tin gia cc thu bao hot ng trong tng i ni b c th t lc vi 1 trong 8 line ni b bng cch sau khi nhn s thu bao bu in th nhn tip s line ni b cn kt ni thng thoi. Hoc trong trng hp ny tng i c h tr lp trnh c nh vic nhn tn hiu chung t cuc gi bn ngoi vo l mt line ni b bt k trong 8 line t 801 n 808 ( mc nh l 801); ng thi khi thu bao bn ngoi c nhu cu mun kt ni thng thoi vi line ni b khc th tng i cho php chuyn kt ni trc tip m khng lm ngt kt ni ( bng cch n Trang 10
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi phm Flas trn bn phm in thoi sau nhn n s line ni b khc cn lin kt, lc tng i s t ng ngt kt ni vi line ni b c). Bt c line ni b no trong 8 line ca tng i u c th kt ni thng thoi vi thu bao bu in bng cch n thm phm s 0 trc khi n s in thoi ca thu bao bn ngoi theo phng php bnh thng. Vic tnh cc ca tng i bu in khi line ni b ca tng i gi ra bn ngoi s l 1 trong 3 s thu bao ng k ( vic thu bao no c tnh cc trong cuc gi s do ngi s dng lp trnh cho tng i ca mnh). Ngi s dng c th s dng tng i ni b ny thng thoi vi cng mt lc nhiu line ni b khc trong tng i nh mt cuc hi ngh gin tip qua in thoi khi thit t ch ny tng i. Tng i ni b ny cn cho php chc nng ghi m sn mt thng tin c nh bng in thoi trong thi lng 2pht nh mt li cho hoc mt thng tin hng dn c pht ra mi khi c thu bao bn ngoi gi n cc line trong tng i ni b. 3.1.6. Cc m hiu: ng dy in thoi hin nay gm c hai dy v thng gi l Tip v Ring. Tt c cc in thoi hin nay u c cp ngun t tng i thng qua hai dy Tip v Ring. in p cung cp thng l 48VDC, nhng n cng c th thp n 47 VDC hoc cao n 105 VDC ty thuc vo tng i. Ngoi ra, hot ng giao tip c d dng, tng i gi mt s tn hiu c bit n in thoi nh tn hiu chung, tn hiu bo bn v.v... tm hiu v cc tn hiu in thoi v ng dng ca n, nhm thc hin kho st mt s tn hiu sau:
Trang 11
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Tn hiu chung (Ring Signal)
Hnh 3 -1: Dng sng tn hiu chung Khi mt thu bao b gi th tng i s gi tn hiu chung n bo cho thu bao bit c ngi c gi. Tn hiu chung l tn hiu xoay chiu AC thng c tn s 25Hz tuy nhin n c th cao hn n 60Hz hoc thp hn n 16Hz. Bin ca tn hiu chung cng thay i t 40 VRMS n 130 VRMS thng l 90 VRMS. Tn hiu chung c gi n theo dng xung ngt qung ty thuc vo tng loi tng i thng l 2 giy c v 4 giy khng (nh hnh v trn). Hoc c th thay i thi gian ty thuc vo tng tng i. Tn hiu mi quay s (Dial Tone) y l tn hiu lin tc khng phi l tn hiu xung nh cc tn hiu khc c s dng trong h thng in thoi. Khi thu bao nhc t hp xut pht cuc gi s nghe m hiu mi quay s do tng i cp cho thu bao gi, l tn hiu hnh sin c tn s lin tc. . Tn hiu mi quay s l tn hiu sin tn, c to ra bi hai m thanh (Tone) c tn s s 350Hz v 440Hz, bin 2VRMS trn nn DC. Tn hiu ny c dng sng sau:
Hnh 3 2: Dng sng tn hiu mi quay s Tnh hiu bo bn (Busy Tone):
Trang 12
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Khi thu bao nhc my thc hin mt cuc gi th thu bao s nghe mt trong hai tn hiu: Tn hiu mi gi cho php thu bao thc hin ngay mt cuc gi. Tn hiu bo bn bo cho thu bao bit ng dy ang bn khng th thc hin cuc gi ngay lc ny. Thu bao phi ch n khi nghe c tn hiu mi gi. Khi thu bao b gi nhc my trc khi thu bao gi cng nghe c tn hiu ny. Tn hiu bo bn l tn hiu xoay chiu c dng xung c tng hp bi hai m c tn s 480Hz v 620Hz. Tn hiu ny c chu k 1s (0.5s c v 0.5s khng).
Hnh 3 3: Dng sng tn hiu bo bn Tn hiu chung hi tip: Khi ngi gi gi n mt thu bao nhng khng bit gi c hay cha th tht l kh chu . Ngi gi khng nghe mt m thanh no cho n khi thu bao tr li. gii quyt vn ny tng i s gi mt tn hiu chung hi tip v cho thu bao gi tng ng vi ting chung thu bao b gi. Tn hiu chung hi tip ny do tng i cp cho thu bao b gi, c tng hp bi hai m c tn s 440Hz v 480Hz. Tn hiu ny cng c dng xung nh tn hiu chung gi n cho thu bao b gi, l tn hiu hnh sin c tn s khong 425 25 Hz la hai tn hiu ngt qung tng ng nhp chung, bin 2VRMS trn nn DC 10V, pht ngt qung 2s c 4s khng.
Trang 13
10
Hnh 3 4: Dng sng tn hiu hi tip Gi sai s: Nu ngi gi gi nhm mt s m n khng tn ti th bn s nhn c tn hiu xung c chu k 1Hz v c tn s 200Hz400Hz. Hoc i vi cc h thng in thoi ngy nay bn s nhn c thng bo rng bn gi sai s. Tn hiu o cc:
Hnh 3 5: Dng sng tn hiu o cc * Tn hiu o cc chnh l s o cc tnh ca ngun ti tng i, khi hai thu bao bt u cuc m thoi, mt tn hiu o cc s xut hin. Khi h thng tnh cc ca tng i s bt u thc hin vic tnh cc m thoi cho thu bao gi. cc trm cng cng c trang b my tnh cc, khi c quan bu in s cung cp mt tn hiu o cc cho trm thun tin cho vic tnh cc. 3.1.7. Phng thc chuyn mch ca tng i in t: Tng i in t c 3 phng thc chuyn mch sau: * Tng i in t dng phng thc chuyn mch khng gian (SDM : Space Devision Multiplexer) * Tng i in t dng phng thc chuyn mch thi gian (TDM : Timing Devision Multiplexer) : c hai loi.
Trang 14
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi * Tng i in t dng phng thc ghp knh theo tn s (FDM:
Frequence Devision Multiplexer). 3.1.8. Trung k: Trung k l ng dy lin lc gia hai tng i
Hnh 3 6: Trung k Cc loi trung k: Trung k CO-Line (Central Office Line):
Hnh 3 7: Trung k CO - Line Kt ni hai dy cp. S dng ng dy thu bao ca tng i khc lm trung k ca tng i mnh. C chc nng nh my in thoi (nhn khung quay) Trung k t ng 2 chiu E & M (Ear and Mouth Trunk):
Hnh 3 8: Trung k hai chiu Kt ni dy trn bn dy Cable. Hai dy thu tn hiu thoi. Mt dy thu tn hiu trao i. Mt dy pht tn hiu trao i.
Trang 15
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 3.2. Gii thiu tng quan v my in thoi: 3.2.1. Gii thiu: My in thoi l thit b u cui ca h thng in thoi, n c lp t ti n v thu bao 2 ngi xa lin lc c vi nhau. Hin nay tuy c nhiu loi khc nhau nhng ni chung my in thoi vn c 3 phn chnh: Phn chuyn i mch in: * Phn ny gm h thng l ma tip im v c cc c in ph c nhim v ng m mch in khi c yu cu. Phn thu pht tn hiu gi: * Phn ny gm 2 phn chnh: my pht in quay tay v chung my pht in c nhim v pht tn hiu gi ln ng dy v chung c nhim v bin dng tn hiu gi thnh tn hiu gi. Phn thu pht thoi : * Gm ng ni v ng nghe, ng ni c nhim v bin i tn hiu m thanh thnh tn hiu in v ng nghe ngc li bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu m thanh. C 2 c lp chung trong mt b phn gi l t hp. * Bt c loi my in thoi no v nguyn l cng phi tho mn cc yu cu sau: Khi my in thoi khng lm vic phi trng thi sn sng tip nhn cuc gi. Khi thu pht tn hiu gi b phn thu pht tn hiu gi phi tch ri ng dy in thoi, lc trn ng dy ch cn tn hiu gi. Khi thu pht tn hiu m thoi b phn thu pht tn hiu gi li tch ra khi ng in, lc trn ng dy ch cn dng tn hiu thoi. 3.2.2. Chc nng ca my in thoi: Bt c my in thoi no cng phi hon thnh cc chc nng sau: Bo hiu cho ngi s dng in thoi bit h thng tng i sn sng hay cha sn sng tip cuc gi. Chc nng ny th hin ch phi bo hiu cho ngi s dng in thoi bng m hiu mi quay s hay m hiu bo bn.
Trang 16
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Phi gi c m s thu bao b gi vo tng i. iu ny c thc hin bng cch quay s hay nhn phm. Ch dn cho ngi s dng bit tnh trng din bin kt ni bng cc m hiu hi m chung hay bo bn. Bo hiu cho ngi s dng bit thu bao ang b gi thng l bng ting chung. Chuyn i ting ni thnh tn hiu in truyn i n i phng v chuyn i tn hiu in t i phng n thnh ting ni. C kh nng bo cho tng i khi thu bao nhc my. Chng ting gi li, ting keng, ting clic khi pht xung s. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn ch n tnh nng t ng iu chnh mc m thanh nghe, ni. T ng iu chnh ngun nui, phi hp tr khng vi ng dy. Ngoi chc nng trn ngi ta cn ch to cc my in thoi c kh nng sau: Gi bng s rt gn. Nh s thu bao c bit. Gi li t ng: Khi gi mt thu bao no m thu bao ny ang bn, ta c th t my trong khi s thu bao va c lu tr trong b nh my in thoi. Sau ta nhn mt nt tng ng, s in thoi va gi ny c pht i, hoc sau thi gian no d khng nhn nt gi th s in thoi ny cng t ng pht i, khi thu bao rnh th my t ng reo chung t hai pha. Tng i c ni vi cc thu bao qua 2 ng truyn TIP v RING. Thng qua 2 ng dy ny thng tin t tng i qua cc thu bao c cp bng ngun dng t 25 mA n 40 mA n cho my in thoi. 3.2.3. Cc thng s lin quan: Tng tr DC khi gc my ln hn t 20 K. Tng tr AC khi gc my t 4K n 10K. Tng tr DC khi nhc my khong 300. Tng tr AC khi nhc my khong 600. Cc thng s gii hn ca mch thu bao c bn. Trang 17
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Bng 3 - 1 : Bng cc thng s ca mch thu bao in thoi Thng s Cc gi tr mu Gi tr s dng Dng in lm vic 20 80 mA 20 120 mA Ngun tng i 48 60 V 47 109 V in tr vng 0 1300 0 1600 Suy hao 8 dB 17 dB Mo dng Tng cng 50dB Dng chung 90 VRMS / 20 Hz 75 90 VRMS / 16 25 Hz Thanh p ng ni 70 90 dB < 15 dB Ngun dng in thoi 25 40 mA 35 mA Tng i nhn bit trng thi nhc my ca thu bao hay gc my bng cch s dng ngun mt chiu 48VDC. Khi gc my tng tr DC bng 20K rt ln xem nh h mch. Khi nhc my tng tr DC gim xung nh hn 1K v hai tng i nhn bit trng thi ny thng qua dng DC xut hin trn ng dy. Sau , tng i cp tn hiu mi gi ln ng dy n thu bao. Dng in cp chung: Tng i cp dng chung cho thu bao b gi, dng chung tng i cp l dng in xoay chiu hnh sin hoc xung c tn s f = 25Hz, c p t 75VRMS n 110VRMS. 3.2.4. Nguyn l thng tn in thoi: Thng tin in thoi l qu trnh truyn a ting ni t ni ny n ni khc, bng dng in qua my in thoi. My in thoi l thit b u cui ca mng thng tin in thoi. Khi ta ni trc ng ni ca my in thoi, dao ng m thanh ca ting ni s tc ng vo mng rung ca ng ni lm cho ng ni thay i, xut hin dng in bin i tng ng trong mch. Dng in bin i ny c truyn qua ng dy ti ng nghe ca my i phng, lm cho mng rung ca ng nghe dao ng, lp khng kh trc mng rung dao ng theo, pht ra m thanh tc ng n tai ngi nghe v qu trnh truyn dn ngc li cng tng t. 3.2.5 Quay s:
Trang 18
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Ngi gi thng bo s mnh mun gi cho tng i bit bng cch gi s my in thoi ca mnh mun gi n cho tng i. C hai cch gi s n tng i: Quay s bng xung (Pulse Dialing): c thc hin bng cch thay i tng tr DC ca mch thu bao to nn xung dng vi s xung tng ng vi s mun quay. Cc s quay ca thu bao c truyn n tng i bng cch ngt dng ng dy theo t s thi gian qui nh to thnh chui xung quay s. S quay s l l xung trn ng dy nn phng php ny c gi l phng php quay s bng xung thp phn. Quay s bng Tone (Tone Dialing): My in thoi pht ra cng lc hai tn hiu vi tn s dao ng khc nhau tng ng vi s mun quay (DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequence). Khi s dng DTMF quay s, cc cp tn s DTMF nh sau:
Trang 19
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Bng 3 - 2 : Phn loi tn s tn hiu Tone Phm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 # S quay s bng 3.2.6. Kt ni thu bao: Tng i nhn c cc s liu s xem xt: Nu cc ng dy ni thng thoi u b bn th tng i s cp tn hiu bo bn. Nu ng dy ni thng thoi khng b bn th tng i s cp cho ngi b gi tn hiu chung v ngi gi tn hiu hi chung. Khi ngi c gi nhc my, tng i nhn bit trng thi ny, th tng i ngng cp tn hiu chung khng lm h mch thoi v thc hin vic thng thoi. Tn hiu trn ng dy n my in thoi tng ng vi tn hiu thoi cng vi gi tr khong 300 mV nh nh. Tn hiu ra khi my in thoi chu s suy hao trn ng dy vi mt mt cng sut trong khong 10 dB 25 dB. Chng hn suy hao l 20dB, suy ra tn hiu ra khi my in thoi c gi tr khong 3 V nh nh. Ngng thoi: Khi mt trong 2 thu bao gc my, th tng i nhn bit trng thi ny, ct thng thoi cho c 2 my ng thi cp tn hiu bo bn cho my cn li. Tn hiu thoi: Tn s thp (Hz) Tn s cao (Hz) 697 1209 697 1336 697 1477 770 1209 770 1336 770 1477 852 1209 852 1336 852 1477 941 1209 941 1336 941 1477 phng php DTMF c th nhanh gp 10 ln so vi phng
php quay s bng xung thp phn.
Trang 20
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Tn hiu thoi trn ng dy l tn hiu in mang cc thng tin c ngun gc t m thanh trong qu trnh trao i gia 2 thu bao. Trong , m thanh c to ra bi cc dao ng c hc, n truyn trong mi trng dn m. Khi truyn i trong mng in thoi l tn hiu thng b mo dng do nhng l do : nhiu, suy hao tn hiu trn ng dy do bc x sng trn ng dy vi cc tn s khc nhau. m bo tn hiu in thoi nghe r v trung thc, ngy nay trn mng in thoi ngi ta s dng tn hiu thoi c tn s t 300 Hz 3400 Hz. 3.3. Phng thc hot ng gia tng i v my in thoi: 3.3.1. Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi thu bao nhc my lm ng tip im chuyn mch to nn mt dng in khong 20-80mA chy trong vng thu bao. ch nhc my, in th DC ri trn ng dy gia Tip v Ring khong 6VDC thit b u cui thu bao. Tng i nhn dng thu bao gi nhc my thng qua s thay i tng tr mch vng ca ng dy thu bao. Bnh thng khi thu bao v tr gc my in tr mch vng l rt ln. Khi thu bao nhc my, in tr mch vng thu bao gim xung cn khong t 150 n 1500. Tng i c th nhn bit s thay i tng tr mch vng ny (tc l thay i trng thi ca thu bao) thng qua cc b cm bin trng thi. Tng i c chc nng kim tra xem cn c link no rnh hay khng. Nu link cn ri th tng i cp m hiu mi quay s (Dial Tone) cho thu bao. Dial Tone l tn hiu mi quay s hnh sin c tn s 425 25 Hz. Khi thu bao nhn bit c tn hiu Dial Tone, ngi gi s hiu l c php quay s. Ngi gi bt u tin hnh gi cc xung quay s thng qua vic quay s hoc nhn nt chn s. Tng i nhn bit c cc s c quay nh vo cc chui xung quay s pht ra t thu bao gi. Thc cht cc xung quay s l cc trng thi nhc my hoc gc my ca thu bao. Nu cc ng kt ni thng thoi b bn hoc thu bao c gi b bn th tng i s pht tn hiu bo bn cho thu bao. Tn hiu ny c tn s f = 425 25Hz ngt nhp 0,5s c 0,5 s khng. Tng i nhn bit cc s thu bao gi n v kim tra, xem xt Nu s u nm trong tp thu bao th tng i s phc v nh cuc gi ni i. Trang 21
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Nu s u l s qui c gi ra th tng i phc v nh mt cuc gi lin i qua trung k v gi ton b phn nh v s quay sang tng i i phng gii m. Nu s u l m gi cc chc nng c bit, tng i s thc hin cc chc nng theo yu cu ca thu bao. Thng thng, i vi loi tng i ni b c dung lng nh t vi chc n vi trm s, c thm nhiu chc nng c bit lm cho chng trnh phc v thu bao thm phong ph, tin li, a dng, hiu qu cho ngi s dng lm tng kh nng khai thc v hiu sut s dng tng i. Nu thu bao c gi rnh, tng i s cp tn hiu chung cho thu bao vi in p 90VRMS (AC), f = 25Hz, vi chu k 3s c 4s khng. ng thi cp m hiu hi chung (Ring Back Tone) cho thu bao gi, m hiu ny l tn hiu sin, tn s f = 425 25Hz cng chu k nhp vi tn hiu chung gi cho thu bao c gi. Khi thu bao c gi nhc my, tng i nhn bit trng thi nhc my ny, tin hnh ct dng chung cho thu bao b gi kp thi trnh h hng ng tic cho thu bao. ng thi, tin hnh ct m hiu Ring Back Tone cho thu bao gi v tin hnh kt ni thng thoi cho 2 thu bao. Tng i gii to mt s thit b khng cn thit tip tc phc v cho cc cuc m thoi khc. Khi hai thu bao ang m thoi m 1 thu bao gc my, tng i nhn bit trng thi gc my ny, ct thng thoi cho c hai bn, cp tn hiu bn (Busy Tone) cho thu bao cn li, gii ta link phc v cho cc m thoi khc. Khi thu bao cn li gc my, tng i xc nhn trng thi gc my, ct m hiu bo bn, kt thc chng trnh phc v thu bao. Tt c hot ng ni trn ca tng i in t u c thc hin mt cch hon ton t ng. Nh vo cc mch iu khin bng in t, in thoi vin c th theo di trc tip ton b hot ng ca tng i mi thi im nh vo cc b hin th, cnh bo. in thoi vin c th trc tip iu khin cc hot ng ca tng i qua cc thao tc trn bn phm, h thng cng tc.cc hot ng c th bao gm : nghe xen vo cc cuc m thoi, ct cng bc cc cuc m thoi c xu, t chc in thoi hi Trang 22
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ngh. Tng i in t cng c th c lin kt vi my in ton iu khin hot ng h thng. iu ny lm tng kh nng khai thc, lm tng dung lng, cng nh kh nng hot ng ca tng i ln rt nhiu. 3.3.2. Qui trnh vn hnh ca h mch in thoi bn: H thng vn hnh ca in thoi bn nh sau:
Hnh 3 9: S qui trnh vn hnh in thoi bn Khi tt c cc my in thoi bn u gc tay thoi. Lc ny mc p trn ng dy s l trn di 48VDC v khng c dng in chy trn ng dy. Khi my in thoi A nhc tay thoi: Ni tr nh ca my s to ra dng in chy trn ng dy, du hiu ny s bo cho tng i in thoi in t bit my A nhc tay thoi. Tng i in thoi s gi tn hiu mi tn hiu mi quay s n my A. Tn hiu mi quay s c dng Sin, tn s trong khong 350 440 Hz, pht lin tc. Lc ny ngi my A s nhn cc phm s trn bn phm xin lin thng vi my cn gi.( V d xin lin thng vi my B). Nu my in thoi bn A ang t mode Tone, th mi phm s s tng ng vi mt tn hiu m thanh song tn, tn hiu nhn dng s ny s theo dy ni gi v tng i in thoi. Nu my in thoi t mode Pulse, th mi phm s, mch iu khin bn phm s cho ngt dy ni bng s ln ca phm s. Tng i s ghi nhn s in thoi m my A gi v. Tng i s tin hnh tm s in thoi m my A xin lin thng.
Trang 23
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Nu tng i in thoi in t pht hin my B ang bn ( nh ang nhc tay thoi), th tng i s pht tn hiu bo bn n my A. Tn hiu bo bn ny c dng Sin, tn s khong 480Hz 620Hz, pht theo nhp 0.5s ngng 0.5s (nhp nhanh) Nu tng i in thoi in t pht hin my B khng bn ( cha nhc tay thoi), th tng i s gi tn hiu bo chung n my B. Lc ny bn my B s chung. Cng lc tng i cng gi tn hiu hi chung n my A. Tn hiu hi chung c tn s khong t 440Hz 480Hz, pht theo nhp 2s ngng 4s. Tn hiu ny cho bit my B ang trong trng thi chung v ch ngi n nhc tay thoi. Khi my B c ngi nhc tay thoi: Lc ny dng in chy trn dy s bo cho tng i in thoi in t bit l my B c ngi n tip nhn. Tng i in thoi s cho ngt ngay tn hiu bo chung v cho ni dy, to s lin thng gia my A v my B. Bng 3 3: Cc tn hiu thng nghe thy trn ng dy in thoi bn Tn hiu mi quay s 350 Hz 440 Hz Tn hiu bo bn 480 Hz 620 Hz Tn hiu chung 440 Hz 480 Hz Tn hiu hi chung 440 Hz 480 Hz Tn hiu bo chung 25 Hz 3.4. L thuyt v mch khuch i: Pht lin tc Pht theo nhp 0.5 s ngng 0.5 s Pht theo nhp 2 s ngng 4 s Pht theo nhp 1 s ngng 3 s Pht theo nhp 2 s ngng 4 s
B khuch i thut ton v cc b khuch i thng thng v c bn khng c s khc nhau. C hai loi ny u dng khuch i in p, dng in hoc cng sut. Trong khi tnh cht ca b khuch i thng thng ph thuc vo kt cu bn trong ca mch th tc dng ca b khuch i thut ton c th thay i c v ch ph thuc vo cc linh kin mc mch ngoi. thc hin c iu , b khuch i thut ton phi c khuch i rt ln, tr khng vo rt ln v tr khng ra rt nh.
Trang 24
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Hnh 3 10: B khuch i thut ton (BKTT) B khuch i thut ton c biu din nh hnh v trn. Trong : V+ , I+:in p v dng in ng vo khng o. V- , I- :in p v dng in ng vo o. Vd :in p vo hiu. B khuch i thut ton khuch i hiu in p: Vd=V+ - V- ,vi h s khuch i Ao > 0. Do , in p s l : Vo=AoVd=Ao (V+ - V-) Nu V- = 0 th Vo=AoV+, lc ny in p ra ng pha vi in p vo V+. V vy ngi ta gi ng (+) l ng vo khng o hoc ng vo thun ca b khuch i thut ton. Nu V+=0 th Vo= -AoV- , du tr th hin in p ra ngc pha vi in p vo nn ngi ta gi ca (-) l ca vo o ca b khuch i thut ton. Ngoi ra, mt b khuch i thut ton thng c 3 tnh cht tr thnh mt OPAMP l tng: li v hn. Tr khng vo v cng ln. Tr khng ra bng 0.. Theo l thuyt, nu op-amp c li v hn th mt in p ng vo cc nh th ng ra tng ng phi c in p ra ln v hn. Thc s th li cng khng th no v hn, ngay c trng hp li rt ln cng khng th c. Tuy nhin, nu n ng khi ng vo rt nh s to in p ng ra n gn gi tr cc i (dng hay m). Trong thc t, chng ta t khi c nh vy m thng dng thm nhng in tr bn ngoi ni vi OpAmp to ra nhng li m chng ta mong mun. Nhng khuch i nh mong mun, nhng in tr to ra li gim thng qua tn hiu hi tip. Khi dng b khuch i thut ton, ngi ta dng hi tip m m khng dng hi tip dng, v hi tip dng lm cho b khuch i thut ton lm vic trng thi bo Trang 25
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ho. Hi tip m lm gim khuch i nhng lm cho b khuch i thut ton lm vic n nh. Trong mt s trng hp, ngi ta dng c hi tip m ln hi tip dng nhng lng hi tip m phi ln hn lng hi tip dng. 3.4.1. Mch khuch i khng o: Hnh 3 - 11 : Mch khuch i khng o Phng trnh Kirchoff I ng vo V+: VI = V+ Phng trnh Kiffchoff I ng vo V-:
V R
Theo tnh cht ca OP AMP:
+ V
VO
F
=0
= V + = VI + V
V R V
3.4.2. Mch khuch i o:
VO
F
=0
+ = R F R I VI RI
(3.1)
Hnh 3 - 12 : Mch khuch i o Phng trnh Kirchoff I cho ng vo V+: V+ = 0 Phng trnh Kirchoff II cho ng vo V-: Trang 26
V V R
I I
+ VO
V
F
=0
Theo tnh cht ca OP AMP:
= += 0 V
V R V
3.4.3. Mch khuch i m:
I I
VO = + 0 R
F
= R F V I
(3.2)
Hnh 3 - 13 : Mch khuch i m Phng trnh Kirchoff I ng vo V+: VI = V+ Phng trnh Kirchoff I ng vo V-: V- = VO Theo tnh cht ca OP AMP: V+ = V- = VI VO = VI
Trang 27
CHNG 4: GII THIU CC IC C LIN QUAN

4.1.VI IU KHIN 89C51: 4.1.1. Gii thiu cu trc phn cng IC 89C51:
MCS-51 l mt h IC iu khin (micro controller), c ch to v bn trn th trng bi hng Intel ca M. H IC ny c cung cp cc thit b bi nhiu hng sn xut IC khc trn th gii chng hn: nh sn xut IC SIEMENSca c, FUJITSU ca Nht v PHILIPS ca H Lan. Mi IC trong h u c s hon thin ring v c s hnh din ring ca n, ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi s dng v yu cu t ra ca nh sn xut. IC 89C51 l IC tiu biu trong h MCS-51 c bn trn th trng. Tt c cc IC trong h u c s tng thch vi nhau v c s khc bit l sn xut sau c ci mi m ci sn xut trc khng c, tng thm kh nng ng dng ca IC . Chng c c im sau
Trang 28
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4k byte Flash . 128kbyte RAM. 4port xut nhp 8 bit. 2 b nh thi 16 bit. Giao tip ni tip. 64k b nh khng gian chng trnh m rng. 64k b nh khng gian d liu m rng. Mt b x l lun l (thao tc trn cc bt n). 210 bit c a ch ho. Nhn/chia trong 4 bit. 4.1.1.1. S lc v cc chn ca 89C51: 89C51 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c 24 chn c tc dng kp, mi ng c th hot ng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc nh cc ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca bus d liu v bus a ch.
U 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 3 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 / / / / / / / / A P A P AP AP AP AP AP AP D 2 D 2 D2 D2 D2 D2 D2 D2 0. 1. .2 2 .3 3 .4 4 .5 5 .6 6 .7 7 0 1 2 /2 A /2 A A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A 1 2 3 41 51 61 71 81 1 8 9
/ / / / / /
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 P 3 . 0 / R1 1X D P 3 . 1 / T1 X D 2 P 3 . 2 / I 1N 3 T 0 P 3 . 3 / I 1N 4 T 1 P 3 . 4 /1 T 5 0 P 3 . 5 /1 T 6 1 P 3 . 6 / W 7 R 1 P 3 . 7 / R D 3 0 L A1 L E / P 2 9O R L 2 P S E N P P G
9 8 X T A X T A 1 E R A
A / V S T T 8 9 C
5 1
Hnh 4 1: S chn 89C51 4.1.2. Chc nng cc chn ca 89C51: 4.1.2.1. Port 0:
Trang 29
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Port 0 l port c hai chc nng cc chn t 32-39. Trong cc thit k c nh khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. i vi cc thit k ln c b nh m rng, port 0 tr thnh bus a ch v bus d liu a hp. 4.1.2.2. Port 1: Port 1 c cng dng xut nhp cc chn t 1-8 trn 89c51. Cc chn c k hiu l P1.0, P1.1, P1.2,P1.7, c th dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi nu cn. Port 1 khng c chc nng khc v vy n ch dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi (chng hn ROM, RAM). 4.1.2.3. Port 2: Port2 l port c tc dng kp cc chn t 21-28 c dng nh cc ng xut nhp hoc l cc byte cao ca Bus a ch i vi cc thit k c ln. 4.1.2.4. Port3: Port3 l mt port c tc dng kp t chn 10 17. Khi khng hot ng xut nhp, cc chn ca port 3 c nhiu chc nng ring, c lit k bng sau: Bng 4 1: Chc nng ca cc chn port 3 Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Tn RXD TXD INT0\ INT1\ T0 T1 WR\ RD\ Chc nng Ng vo d liu cho php Ng ra d liu ni tip Ng vo ngt ngoi th 0 Ng vo ngt ngoi th 1 Ng vo ca b nh thi/m th 0 Ng vo ca b nh thi/m th 1 iu khin ghi b nh d liu ngoi iu khin c b nh d liu ngoi
Trang 30
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.1.2.5. Ng tn hiu PSEN\ (Progam store enable): PSEN\ l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng v thng c ni vi chn OE\ (output enable) ca EPROM cho php c cc byte m lnh. PSEN mc thp trong thi gian ly lnh. Cc m nh phn ca chng trnh c c t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi bn trong 89c51 gii m lnh. Khi thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni th PSEN\ s mc 1. 4.1.2.6. Ng tn hiu iu khin ALE (Address latch enable): 89c51 s dng chn 30, chn xut tn hiu cho php cht a ch gii a hp bus d liu v bus a ch. Khi port 0 c s dng lm bus a ch/bus d liu a hp, chn ALE xut tn hiu cht a ch. Chn ALE cn c dng lm ng vo xung lp trnh cho EPROM trong 89C51. 4.1.2.7 Ng tn hiu EA\ (External Access: truy xut d liu bn ngoi) Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1 th 89c51 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni trong khong a ch thp 4k. Nu mc 0 (v chn PSEN\ cng mc 0) th 89c51 thi hnh chng trnh t b nh ngoi. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun 21v lp trnh cho EPROM trong 89c51. 4.1.2.8. Ng tn hiu RST (Reset): Ng tn hiu RST chn 9 l ng vo xo chnh ca 8951 c dng thit lp li trng thi ban u cho h thng. 4.1.2.9. Ng vo b dao ng X1, X2: Mch dao ng bn trong chip 8951 c ghp vi thch anh bn ngoi hai chn XTAL1 v XTAL2 (chn 18 v chn 19). Tn s ca thch anh thng l 12Mhz. 4.1.3. T chc b nh: RAM bn trong 89c51 c phn chia nh sau: Cc Bank thanh ghi c a ch 00H 1FH. RAM a ch ha tng bit c a ch 20H 2FH. RAM a dng c a ch 30H 7FH Trang 31
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit 80H FFH. Bng 4 2: S t chc b nh
4.1.4. Cc Thanh Ghi 4.1.4.1. Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh PSW T trng thi chng trnh a ch D0H cha cc bit trng thi nh bng tm tt sau: Bng 4 3: Cc bit trng thi ca thanh ghi PSW Trang 32
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Bit PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 K hiu CY AC F0 a ch D7H D6H D5H ngha C nh C nh ph C 0 Bit 1 chn bank thanh ghi 00 = bank 0: a ch 00H-07H PSW.4 RS1 D4H 01 = bank 1: a ch 08H-0FH 10 = bank 2: a ch 10H-17H PSW.2 0V PSW.1 PSW.0 P 4.1.4.2. Thanh ghi B: nhn chia. 4.1.4.3. Thanh ghi con tr SP: L 1 thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81h ch a ch ca d liu ang nh SP. 4.1.4.4. Thanh ghi con tr d liu DPTR: c dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc b nh d liu bn ngoi. DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit c a ch l 82h(DPL,byte thp) v 83h (DPH,byte cao). 4.1.4.5. Cc thanh ghi port xut nhp: Cc port ca 89c51 bao gm port 0 a ch 80H, port 1 a ch 90H, port 2 a ch A0H v port 3 a ch B0H. Tt c cc port u c a ch ho tng bit. iu cung cp mt kh nng giao tip thun li. 4.1.4.6. Thanh ghi TMOD: Chn ch lm vic ca T0 v T1 Bng 4 4: V tr cc bit trong thanh ghi TMOD Gate C/T\ TMOD c a ch 89h M1 M2 GATE C/T\ M1 M0 D2H D1H D0H 11 = bank 3: a ch 18H-1FH C trn D tr C parity chn
Thanh ghi B a ch F0h c dng chung vi thanh ghi A trong cc php ton
C/T\:chn ch lm vic ca timer. C/T\ = 0 ch nh thi. Trang 33
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi C/T\ = 1 ch m xung ngoi. M1,M0 : chn mode m ca b timer/counter Bng 4.5: Chc nng ca mode m M1,M0 M1 0 0 1 1 Gate :cng Gate=0 b nh thi chy khi TRx=1(x=0,x=1). Gate=1 b nh thi chy khi TRx=1(x=0,x=1) v chn INTRx\ =1 4.1.4.7 Thanh ghi TCON: Thanh ghi iu khin timer c nh a ch bit a ch 88h trn 89C51 Bng 4 6: V tr cc bit trong thanh ghi TCON TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 M0 0 1 0 1 Mode 0 timer/counter 13 bit Mode 1 timer/counter 16 bit Mode 2 b nh thi t np li Mode 3 b nh thi tch ra
TR0,TR1: iu khin b nh thi. Nu=1 th b nh thi chy, ngc li b nh thi ngng chy. TF0,TF1: c trn ca b nh thi. Nu = 1 th b m trn, ngc li b m cha trn. IE0, IE1: cho php ngt ngoi tc ng. IT0,IT1=0 tc ng bng mc, ngc li tc ng bng cnh. 4.1.4.8. Thanh ghi THx,TLx: Cha kt qu ca b nh thi timer/counter. 4.1.4.9. Thanh ghi ngt IE: Khng nh a ch bit c a ch l A8h trn 89c51 Bng 4 7: V tr cc bit trong thanh ghi IE EA ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
EA: cho php hoc khng cho php ngt tt c. Trang 34
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ET2 cho php timer T2 ngt khi trn. ES: cho php ngt ca port ni tip. ET1: cho php ngt ca timer T1. ET0: cho php ngt ca timer T0. EX1: cho php ngt ngoi th 1. EX0: cho php ngt ngoi th 0. Cho php =1, khng cho php =0. 4.1.5. Lin h cc h vi iu khin: Chip SAB80515 ca hng Siemen ca c l mt ci tin ca 8051 cha trong mt v 68 chn, c 6 port xut nhp 8 bit, 13 ngun to ra ngt v mt b bin A/D 8 bit vi 8 knh ng vo. AT89C51 ca hng ATMEL ca I LOAN tng thch vi tp lnh v cc chn ra ca chun cng nghip MCS_51 c 4 k byte Flash, 128 byte RAM, 32 ng xut nhp, hai b nh thi /m 16 bit AT89C52 c 8 k byte . AT89C53 c 13 k byte. AT89C55 co 20 k byte. 4.2. KHO ST IC THU PHT TONE MT8888: MT8888 l mt IC thu pht DTMF trn b km theo mt b lc thoi (Call Progress Filter). MT8888 l IC CMOS tiu th ngun thp. B thu DTMF da trn k thut chun ca IC MT8870, cn gi l b pht DTMF s dng phng php bin i D/A bin dung (Switched Capacitor) cho ra tn hu DTMF chnh xc, t nhiu. Cc b m bn trong gip hnh thnh ch Burst Mode nh vy cc cp tone xut ra vi thi hng chnh xc. B lc Call Progress cho php b vi x l phn tch cc tone trng thi ng dy. Bus chun ca n kt hp MPU v c bit thch hp h 6800 ca Motorola. MT8888 c 5 thanh ghi bn trong giao tip vi vi x l, c th chia lm 3 loi: Nhn pht d liu: 2 thanh ghi. Thanh ghi trng thi. Trang 35
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Nhn t iu khin: 2 thanh ghi. S khi bn trong IC MT8888
Hnh 4 2: S khi bn trong IC MT8888
4.2.1. S chn:
Hnh 4 3: S cc chn ca IC MT8888 Bng 4 8: Chc nng cc chn ca IC MT8888 PIN 1 TN IN+ M T Chn vo khng o ca OP-AMP Trang 36
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 INGS VREF VSS OSC1 OSC2 TONE WR\ CS\ RSO RD\ Chn vo o ca OP AMP Chn li cho b khuch i OP AMP u ra in p tnh VDD/2 c dng cn bng tnh u vo. Ground (0V) u vo b dao ng thch anh. u ra ca b dao ng, dao ng thch anh 3.579545 MHz c ni gia OSC1 v OSC2 to thnh dao ng dng in bn trong vi mch. Ng ra tone DTMF. Chn ra CPU iu khin trc tip vit d liu. Ng vo chip Select, tc ng mc thp Chn chn Register. Chn CPU iu khin trc tip c d liu Yu cu ngt gi ti MPU (Chn cc mng h). Khi Mode Call Progress (CP)v Mode Interrupt cng c chn, chn IRQ/CP 13 IRQ/CP s a ra dng sng hnh ch nht c trng cho tn hiu u vo OP.AMP vi iu kin tn hiu u vo ny phi nm trong di 1417 18 D0-D3 Est thng ca b lc thng di. Data Bus (Early Steering Output). Cho ra mc logic 1 khi pht hin c mt cp tone hp l. Bt k trng thi no khng c tn hiu hp l u cho ra logic 0. (Steering Output/ Guard Time Output 2 chiu). Mt cp in p ln hn VEST khi xut hin ti ST lm cho thit b ghi nhn cp 19 St/GT tone v truy cp b cht ng ra.Mt in p nh hn VEST gii phng thit b thu nhn cp tone mi. Ng ra GT lm nhim v reset mch nh thi bn ngoi. Trng thi ca n l mt hm 20 VDD ca VEST theo in p ti chn ST. Ngun cung cp dng (c 5V)
4.2.2. M t chc nng: MT8888 bao gm b thu DTMF cht lng cao (km b khuch i) v mt b to DTMF s dng Burst Counter gip cho vic tng hp ng ngt Tone c chnh xc. Trang 37
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Ngoi ra ta c th chn ch Call Progress gip pht hin cc tn s nm trong gii thng thoi. l cc tn hiu trng thi ng dy. 4.2.3. Cu hnh ng vo: Thit k u vo ca MT8888 cung cp mt b khuch i OPAMP ng vo vi sai cng nh mt ng vo VREF iu chnh thin p cho u vo ti VDD/2. Chn GS gip ni ng ra b khuch i vi ng vo qua mt in tr ngoi iu chnh li.
Hnh 4 4: Cu hnh ng vo ca MT8888 4.2.4. B thu: Hai b lc bng thng bc 6 gip tch cc tone trong cc nhm tone LOW v HIGH. u ra mi b lc in dung gip nn dng tn hiu trc khi qua b hn bin. Vic hn bin c m nhim bi b so snh (Comparator) c km theo b tr trnh chn lm tn hiu mc thp khng mong mun. u ra ca b so snh cho ta cc dao ng c mc logic ti tn s DTMF thu c. Tip theo phn lc l b gii m s dng k thut m s kim tra tn s ca cc tone thu c v bo m chng tng ng vi cc tn s DTMF chun. Mt k thut ly trung bnh phc gip loi tr cc tone gi to thnh do ting ni trong khi vn m bo mt khong bin ng cho tone thu do b lch. Khi b kim tra nhn dng c hai tone ng th u ra early steering (EST) s ln mc kch hot( Active). Lc khng nhn c tn hiu tone th EST s mc Inactive. Bng 4 9: Bng m ha cc tn hiu quay s DTMF FLOW FHIGH DIGIT D3 D2 D1 D0 Trang 38
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 697 697 697 770 770 770 852 852 852 941 941 941 697 770 852 941 4.2.5. Mch STEERING: Trc khi thu nhn mt cp tone gii m, b thu phi kim tra xem thi hng ca tn hiu c ng khng. Vic kim tra ny c thc hin bi mt b RC mc ngoi. Khi Est ln HIGH lm cho Vc tng ln khi t x. Khi m Est vn cn HIGH trong mt thi on hp l( tone) th Vc tin ti mc ngng VSTt ca logic Steering nhn mt cp tone v cht 4 bit m tng ng vi n vo thanh ghi Receive Data Register. Lc ny, u ra GT c kch hot v y Vc ln ti VDD. Cui cng sau mt thi gian delay ngn cho php vic cht Data thc hin xong th c ca mch Steering ln HIGH bo hiu rng cp tone thu c c lu vo thanh ghi. Ta c th kim tra bit tng ng trong thanh ghi trng thi. Nu ta cho Mode Interrupt th chn IRQ/CP s xung LOW khi c ny c kch hot. D liu thu c s i ra Databus (2 chiu) khi thanh ghi Receive Data c c. Mch steering li hot ng nhng theo chiu ngc li kim tra khong dng gia hai s c quay. V vy b thu va b qua tn hiu qu ngn khng hp l va khng chp nhn cc khong ngt qu nh khng th coi l khong dng gia cc s. Chc nng ny cng nh kh nng chn thi hng Steering bng mch ngoi cho php ngi thit k iu chnh hot ng cho ph hp vi cc i hi khc nhau ca tng ng dng. Trang 39 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1336 1209 1477 1633 1633 1633 1633 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 * # A B C D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Hnh 4 5: Mch Steering 4.2.6. B lc thoi: Mode Call Progress khi c chn th cho php kim tra cc tone khc nhau th hin trng thi ng dy. u vo ca Call Progress v mode tone DTMF l chung nhng tone Call Progress ch c th kim tra nu ta chn mode CP. DTMF tone li khng th nhn dng c nu ta chn mode CP. Cc tn s a n u vo +IN v IN nm trong gii hn bng thng chp nhn ca b lc (280-550 Hz) s a qua b so snh c li cao v n chn IRQ/CP. Dng sng u ra to bi mch trigger c th phn tch bi vi x l xc nh tnh cht ca cc tone trng thi ng dy. Cc tn s trong vng loi b s khng c kim tra v nh vy s khng c tn hiu no chn IRQ/CP khi gp cc tn s ny. 4.2.7. B pht DTMF: B pht DTMF trong MT8888 c kh nng to tt c 16 cp tone DTMF chun vi nhiu ti thiu v chnh xc cao. Tt c tn s ny u ly t dao ng thch anh 3.579545 MHz mc ngoi. Dng sng sin ca tng tone c tng hp s bng cch s dng b phn chia hng v ct tng hp c, v b bin i D/A bin dung. Cc tone hng v ct c trn li v lc cho ra tn hiu DTMF vi t hi v chnh xc cao. pht mt tn hiu DTMF th d liu tng ng vi dng m bng 1 s phi c vit vo thanh ghi Transmit Data. Ch rng m pht ny phi tng ng vi m nhn. Cc tone ring l c phn thnh hai nhm l: nhm thp v nhm cao (low v high). Cc s trong nhm tone thp l 697, 770, 852 v 941 (Hz). Cc s trong nhm tone cao l: 1209, 1306, 1447 v 1663 (Hz). Trang 40
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.2.8. Burst Mode: Mt ng dng in thoi bt k u i hi tn hiu DTMF c to ra vi mt thi hng hoc c quy nh bi ng dng hoc bi h thng chuyn mch hin c. Thi hng DTMF chun c th c to ra bng cch s dng Burst Mode. B pht c kh nng tng hp cc tone c khong tt/m trong thi gian nh trc. Thi gian ny l 51 ms 1ms v l chun cho b quay s t ng v tng i. Sau khi khong tt/m tone c pht i, 1 bit tng ng s c lp trong thanh ghi trng thi biu th rng b pht sn sng cho data k. Thi hng 51 ms 1ms ng /m tone c c khi ta chn mode DTMF. Tuy nhin khi CP mode (Call Progress Mode) c chn th mt thi hng ng ngt th hai l 102ms 2ms s c s dng. Ch rng khi CP mode v burst mode cng c chn th MT8888 ch hot ng ch pht m thi. Trong mt ng dng no khi ta cn mt khong thi gian ng ngt khc (khng theo chun) th phi dng vng lp phn mm hay mt b nh bn ngoi v tt ch Busrt Mode i. IC MT8888 khi khi ng s mc nhin chn ch DTMF mode v Burst mode ng thi. 4.2.9. To Tone n (Single Tone): Ch to tone n c dng khi ta ch mun to mt tone no trong nhm thp hoc cao. Ch ny dng kim tra thit b DTMF v tnh ton nhiu, v c chn thanh ghi Control Register B. 4.2.10. Mch Clock DTMF: Mch Clock tn s c tn s cng hng l 3.579545 MHz. Mt nhm IC MT8888 c th ni chung li vi nhau dng chung mt dao ng thch anh.
Hnh 4 6: Mch Clock DTMF
Trang 41
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.2.11. B giao tip vi vi x l: MT8888 s dng mt b giao tip vi x l cho php iu khin mt cch chnh xc vi chc nng thu v pht. C tng cng 5 thanh ghi chia lm ba loi: Thanh ghi d liu thu /pht, thanh ghi iu khin thu /pht v thanh ghi trng thi. C hai thanh ghi d liu: thanh ghi Receive data cha m xut ra ca cp tone DTMF hp l gn nht v l thanh ghi ch c. Data a vo thanh ghi Transmit Data s qui nh cp tone no c pht i, Data ch c th c vo thanh ghi ny. iu khin thu pht tone c m nhn bi 2 thanh ghi Control Register A v Control Register B( RA v CRB) c cng mt a ch. Mun ghi vo thanh ghi CRB th trc phi c set mt bit tng ng CRA. Chu k ghi k tip vo cng a ch vi CRA s cho php truy cp ti CRB. V chu k ghi k tip na s tr li CRA. Khi cp in, mch in reset ni s xa cc thanh ghi iu khin. Tuy vy, ngn nga th chng trnh phn mm nn c mt dng lnh kch khi cc thanh ghi ny. Gi s rng thanh ghi pht rng sau khi reset, ta xem qua cc bng bn di thy r chi tit v cc thanh ghi iu khin. Chn IRQ/CP c th c lp trnh sao cho n c th cung cp tn hiu yu cu ngt sau khi nhn xung DTMF hp l hay khi b pht sn sng cho data k tip (ch trong Burst mode). Chn IRQ/CP l ng ra cc mng h v v th cn c mt in tr ko ln. Thanh ghi nhn data cha m lnh xut ca gi tr cui cng cp tone DTMF c gii m v ch l thanh ghi c data vo. Tn hiu data vo trong thanh ghi pht s c nh r vi cp tone no m c pht sinh ra. Data ch c th c vit vi thanh ghi pht. Hai thanh ghi iu khin CRA v CRB ch chim ch trong mt khong a ch tng ng ghp ghi vi CRB c th c thc hin bng cch t dnh ring bit trong CRA php ghi tip theo ti a ch tng t s c trc tip a ti CRB v tip theo sau cho chu k ghi s c trc tip tr li CRA. Bng 4 10: Cch truy cp thanh ghi RS0 WR\ RD\ CHC NNG Trang 42
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 Ghi vo thanh ghi d liu pht c t thanh ghi d liu thu Ghi vo thanh ghi iu khin c t thanh ghi trng thi
Bng 4 11: Trng thi thanh ghi CRA B3 REGISTER SELECT B2 INTERRUPT ENABLE B1 CP/DTMF MODE\ B0 TONE OUT
Bng 4 12: Chc nng CRA (Control Register A) BIT B0 TN TONE OUTPUT CCH S DNG Mc logic 1 cho php tone c pht ra. Chc nng ny c th c thc hin trong Busrt mode hoc None Busrt mode. Chn mode DTMF (mc 0) cho php thu v pht tone ng thi. Khi chn mode CP (mc1 b lc di bc 6) c kch hot cho php kim tra cc tone trng thi B1 CP/DTMF MODE\ ng dy( call progress tone). Cc tone ny nu nm trong di thng qui nh th c th hin chn IRQ/CP dng sng hnh ch nht nu bit IRQ c chn (CRA, B2=1). Logic 1 cho php mode Interrup. Khi mode ny mc tch cc v mode DTMF c chn (CRA, 1=0), ng ra B2 INTERRUPT ENABLE IRQ/CP s b ko xung mc 0 khi: + Mt tn hiu DTMF hp l c nhn v hin hu c trong khong thi gian an ton. + B pht sn sng cho data k tip( ch trong Busrt B3 REGISTER SELECT mode). Logic 1 cho php CRB trong chu k ghi k tip trn cng a ch ny. Chu k ghi k sau na s tr li ghi Trang 43
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi vo CRA. Bng 4 13: Trng thi thanh ghi CRB B3 COLUMN/ROW TONE\ BIT TN B2 SINGLE/DUAL B2 B0
TEST MODE BURST MODE\ TONE Bng 4 14: Chc nng CRB (Control Register B) CCH S DNG Mc 0 cho php chn Busrt mode khi mode ny c chn, d liu tng ng vi cp tone DTMF c th c vit vo thanh ghi pht to ra khong m tone vi thi hng chun (51ms). K tip sau l khong ngt tone vi thi hng tng t. Ngay sau
B0
BURST\
khong ngt tone th thanh ghi trng thi s c truy cp cho bit rng thanh ghi pht sn sng cho cc lnh mi v mt ngt c to ra nu mode Interrupt c chn trc . Khi CP mode (CRA, B1) c chn th khong tone tt m t 51ms n 102 ms. Cho php chn Test Mode (logic 1). Khi chn IRQ/CP s xut
B1
TEST
hin tn hiu Steering c lm tr t b thu DTMF. DTMF Mode phi c chn (CRA, B1=0) trc khi Test Mode c kch hot. Mc logic 0 cho php tn hiu Dual Tone Multi Frequency. vo trng thi ca bit B3
B2
S/D\
Logic 1 chn ch tone n (single tone) cho php to ra mt tone nhm thp hoc nhm cao da trong thanh ghi CRB. S dng vi bit B2 trn. B pht c th c chn pht tn s
B3
C/R\
nm trn hng hay ct v mc logic 1 s chn tn s ct, mc logic thp cho php chn hng. Bng 4 15: Thanh ghi trng thi
Trang 44
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi BIT B0 TN IRQ Thanh ghi d B1 liu pht rng (ch trong burst C TRNG THI LP Ngt xut hin. B1 hoc B2 c lp. C TRNG THI XA Ngt cha kch hot. B xa sau khi thanh ghi trng thi c c.
Thi hng ngt tone kt B xa sau khi thanh ghi trng thc v b pht ang ch d thi c c hay khi chn
B2
liu k tip. None_Burst Mode. mode) Thanh ghi d D liu hp l ang nm B xa sau khi thanh trng liu thu y Delay Steering trong thanh ghi d liu thu. thi c c. c lp khi pht hin thy B xa sau khi pht hin tn s khng xut hin khng hiu DTMF hp l. hp l ca tn hiu DTMF
B3
4.3. IC Pht Ting Ni ISD1420 4.3.1. Gii Thiu IC ISD1420 ISD14XX l IC thu pht ng m, thi gian thu v pht ng m ph thuc vo 2 s cui nu l ISD1416 th thi gian thu pht l 16s, cn ISD1420 th thi gian thu pht l 20s. c im ni bt ca IC ny l dng k thut lu tr trc tip tn hiu tng t , tt c cc mch cn thit cho tn hiu tng t nh mch khuch i, cc mch iu khin s u c cha trong IC ISD1420 khng dng cc b ADC v DAC m thay vo l k thut CMOS EPROM cng sut thp v cha d liu ly mu nh mt mc tng t trong mi nh. Nh vy mi mu d liu ch cn duy nht mt nh trong EPROM. Do s dng EPROM nn c th c nghi d liu d dng v cht lng tn hiu t oc rt cao. Mt khc d liu ghi v trong ROM th khng mt i khi mt ngun in cung cp S Chn:
Trang 45
- Chn 1.2.3.4.5.6.9.10 (A0 A7): l a ch ng vo -Chn 27( REC ): l chn ghi m, mc thp th ghi m, mc cao th ngng ghi m. - Chn 23( PLAYER ) : l chn pht m kch mc. - Chn 24( PLAYL ): l chn pht m kch cnh. - Chn 17: l u vo MICRO, bn trong c ni vi b tin khuch i, Micro ni bn ngoi nn cn cc t in ni tip ghp vi n. - Chn 18: l u vo gc chun MICRO REF, y l u vo chiu ngc ca b tin khuch i. - chn 19: l chn iu khin li AGC. - Chn 14,15: l hai u ra loa SP+, SP-. u ra ny c th kch cc loa trn 8 0hm - Chn 25: l chn TEST, khi ta thu m th chn ny s xung mc thp, ngng thu th s tr lai mc cao, khi pht xong cu thng bo th chn ny s xung mc thp, sau s tr li mc cao, trong qu trnh pht lun mc cao. - Chn 26: l xung nhp ng h XCLK. 2. C TNH K THUT - Vi mch n thu/pht ting ni s dng d dng - Cht lng ci to m thanh ting ni mt cch t nhin.
Trang 46
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi - C th iu khin bng my tnh hoc chuyn mch thng thng ch pht c th kch hot bng mc hoc cnh. - Lu tr c 20s. - Lu tr thng tin khng cn ngun nui. - C th ng du ton b vng nh x l nhiu thng ip. - Mch to xung clock c sn bn trong chp. - C sn AGC - s dng ngun n +5V - Tc ly mu input l 3.4 KHz - Bng thng 3.4KHz
Trang 47
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 3. M t ISD1420 cung cp gii php thu pht m thanh cht lng, c b tin khuch i Microphone, mch AGC, mch lc tinh ch tn hiu v mch khuch i tn hiu ra loa. Thm vo cc mch ISD1420 hon ton tng thch vi cc b vi x l v cc b vi iu khin, cho php thc hin cc tc v nh a ch v pht thng ip phc tp. Cc thng bo sau khi thu c lu vo b nh, nn khng cn ngun nui lin tc. B nh a cp ca ISD1420 cho php ti to m thanh t nhin trn cng mt vi mch. Cng ngh lu tr a mc ISD1420 t c phng php lu tr c mt cao gp 8 ln so vi b nh s phc tp,mch tch hp ISD 1420 cha tt c cc chc nng cn thit cho cng vic thu v pht ting ni c cht lng cao. B khuch i kh nhiu Microphone v cc mch iu chnh li (AGC) cho php thu c cc m thanh cht lng ln hay nh. ISD1420 iu khin loa qua cc ng vi sai. iu ny lm tng bin ln 4 ln v do khong cn dng t hay mch khuch i ng ra. ISD1420 c dy nh chia thnh 160 on (segments), Cc a ch A0 A7 cho php truy cp n tng on. Do d dng nh v cu thng bo. Kh nng nh v ny cho php truy xut n tng on ca dy tn hiu Analog c cha 4. Nguyn L Hot ng Tn hiu t Microphone c kt ni in dung vi u vo b tin khuch i. B tin khuch i c chnh t ng bng mch AGC mch ny s iu chnh b tin khuch i tng ng vi ln ca tn hiu vo v tn s ny cn iu khin b lc kh nhiu v cc tn hiu khng mong mun nm ngoi bng thng. Tn hiu Analog sau khi c iu khin khuch i v lc s c a qua b truyn nhn (Analog transceiver) ch thu, ng vo ch d pht, n ly ng vo t dy b nh Analog v gi n ng xut ca b lc. Mch nh th bn trong (Tiningcircuit internal) ca ISD1420 ng b hot ng ca dy b nh Analog v b truyn nhn Analog ng thi sinh ra xung clock ly mu. Tn hiu m thanh c ly mu xung ny tn s 8 KHz ( cho bng tn ting ni 3.4 Trang 48
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi KHz) v c cha trong cc nh nh mt in p. Trong lc pht cc nh c ly mu v gi ra cc ng xut c b lc thng qua b truyn nhn Analog. Tn hiu sau khi nhn c gi ti b dn knh Analog n s chn mt trong hai u ra iu khin b khuch i cng sut. ch pht cc tn hiu c lu tr s chn lc khuch i v a ra loa. Khi khng ch thu pht th b dn knh s chn mt ng vo h tr l ngun tn hiu iu ny cho php ta li dng b khuch i khi ISD1420 trng thi ngh. Bt c khi no ISD1420 b tn ph (qu 20s thu/pht) b im a ch mc m ti a ca n (9FH) v sinh ra xung EOM (End of message). Ng CE tch cc s khng khi ng li thit b cho n khi PD thu xong mt chu k cao thp. Ch : khi thu nhiu thng bo vic kt thc mt thng bo thc hin bng cch cm CE trong khi gi mc thp. iu s ngn cn b m a ch reset v zero lc bt u thng bo tip theo khi EOM pht ra xung Low khi b trn th PD ln mc High reset con tr a ch v u vng nh lu tr m thanh. CE: Chip Enable Input - ng nhp cho php hot ng. Sau mt thi gian setup (300ms) a ch cc ng thu / pht s c ci t xung ca xung ny. Khi chn ny mc cao th IC ny b cm v ng vo h tr s c chn nh mt ng nhp cho b khuch i cng sut ra. Ch : Khi thu pht th phi a CE xung mc thp ca ng nhp a ch v ng nhp thu pht c ci cnh xung ca CE khi CE mc cao th mch khng hot ng. P/R: ( Playback / Record ) l ng nhp thu pht trng thi ca ng vo ny s c ci cnh xung CE (song song vi cc ng vo a ch A0-A7 ). Khi P/R = 1 th chn chu k pht. Khi P/R = 0 th chn chu k thu. on thng bo thu pht s bt u ti a ch c ci t khi CE xung mc thp v kt thc khi c xung chn EOM. Bit EOM s c chn vo khi ang thu lc vng lu tr y hoc khi hot ng thu kt thc do PD ln cao hoc CE ln cao. Nu c a thng bo c thu th cc xung thp ca cc thng bo c lu tr va pht lin tc. Trang 49
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi EOM ( End of message output ): Ng xut bo hiu ht thng ip. Cui mi thng ip trong b nh c t ng chn vo mt du EOM v du ny tn ti cho n lc b ghi ln mt chu k pht li. Ng xut s xut ra xung low trong mt thi gian c rng xung ti thiu l 125ms ti cui mi thng ip hoc trn b nh. Nu ngun cung cp di 3.5V th EOM s i xung v t IC ch pht, iu ny ngn nga mch thu khi iu kin nng lng khng t. MIC ( Microphone Input ): Ng nhp microphone, chn ny c ni qua cc t in v in tr do nh sn xut a ra. Loi Electret Microphone cht lng tt hn c tr khng ca n khong 1K nhy 64dB p ng tn s t 50Hz 80Hz. Nu t s S/N ln hn 4dB th ng nhp Mic ny chuyn tn hiu n b khuch i t 15dB 24dB AGC (Automatic Gain Control): Ng nhp t ng iu chnh li mt cch linh hot cho li ca b khuch i nhm cn bng vi nhiu ng nhp khc nhau ca microphone.in p nh xut ra b tin khuch i s c pht hin v np vo t din bn ngoi. Thi gian np ca t n mt mc no m n s bt u gim li ca b tin khuch i. Thi gian ngh ca AGC c xc nh bng mt in tr mc song song vi t in ny. Tm li ng nhp ACG cho php thu li cc m thanh c cng bin i ANAOUT (Analog Output) : Ng xut tng t chn ny l ng ca b tin khuch i cp cho ngi s dng. li ti a khong 24dB i vi cc mc tn hiu nh. ANAIN (Analog Input) : Ng np tng t chn ny c 2 vai tr: Chn ANAOUT ca tin khuch i c th c ni ANAIN qua mt t in bn ngoi nu thu qua ng microphone. chn ny c th cho php ct b sung tn s thp cui bng thng. Chn ny c th dng nhp cc tn hiu tng t khc nhau ngoi tn hiu t microphone. XCLK (External Clock Intput): Ng nhp xung t bn ngoi SP+ /SP-: ng xut ra loa dng vi sai c th xut ra loa c tr khng ln n 160 cng sut ti a gia 2 chn Trang 50
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ny l 50mW khng cn thm t in. Tuy nhin thit b c th dng ng xut n th phi dng thm t in AC v cng sut b suy hao khong 12mW. S THU PHT THNG BO:
Ch cn mc cc linh kin theo ng s trn l c th thu pht mt thng bo cc ch s ca linh kin l do nh sn xut a ra
Trang 51
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi thu mt thng bo: u tin t a ch ca thng bo cn thu sau n cng tc S3 thu.Ta c th bng cch ni vo microphone hoc s dng bng tape recorder. Mun chm dt thu th nh cng tc S3 mun thu mt on khc th lm tng t nhng phi thay i a ch.Khi thu th chn RECLED tch cc v LED s sng.
Gin thu mt thng bo pht mt thng bo: u tin t a ch ca thng bo cn pht sau n cng tc S1 hoc S2 . Nu n cng tc S1 th phi gi,cn n cng tc S2 th khng cn gi. y chnh l s khc nhau gia chn PLAYL v chn PLAYE khi pht ht mt thng both chn RECLED s xut ra mt xung kch cng xung lm cho LED sng ln ri tt.
Trang 52
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Gin pht mt thng bo
4.4. IC TL082: * TL082 l mt IC gm hai vi mch thut ton 741 nm trong cng mt v. Vi mch thut ton tiu chun 741 l loi vi mch n khi tch hp ln c ch to theo cng ngh mng mng. Nh kh nng tch hp ln nn vi mch loi ny c ng dng rng ri trong thc t. * u im ni bt ca vi mch l lm vic tt mc in p thp n 5VDC. Vi mch thut ton c cc c tnh chung nh sau: C lch im tri v zero qu nh. Khng cn b tn s, tng n nh ch lm vic tuyn tnh. C bo v ngn mch v bo v qu ti. Khng b kho nu tn hiu a vo khng thch hp. H s nn dng pha ln. Tiu hao cng sut nh.
Trang 53
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.4.1. S chn:
Hnh 4 8: S chn IC TL082 4.4.2. Chc nng cc chn: Bng 4 16: Chc nng cc chn ca IC TL082 Chn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.4.3. Thng s: Ngun cung cp: VCC = 18V. in p ng vo: Vi = 15V. in p ng vo sai bit: Vid = 30V. Ngun tiu th: P = 680 mW. li AV = 100 dB. Vng nhit tch tr: -65 0C 150 0C. Dng in ngun khi khng ti: ICC = 2,5mA (MAX). Cc tnh nng k thut: V mt nguyn l, vi mch l tng s c tng tr vo v cng ln, tng tr ra v cng nh, tc d bm gi tn hiu ra vi tn hiu vo khng b gii hn v c bng thng rt rng. Tuy nhin trn thc t khng th no c mt OPAMP l tng nh vy. V khuch i in p hay li: Vi mch dng vng hi tip l mt vng h c li khong 100dB Trang 54 Chc nng Ng ra chn 1 Ng vo o 1 Ng vo khng o 1 -Vcc Ng vo khng o 2 Ng vo o 2 Ng ra 2 +Vcc
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Tng tr vo khong vi chc M Tng tr ng ra khong n 100 Dng phn cc ng vo:khi dng transistor lng cc tn u vo, gi tr I B c t 0,1A n 0,8A Ngun cung cp: Thng thng dng ngun lng cc khai thc ht hiu sut ca vi mch. Tn hiu vo khng vt qu VCC. Gi tr cc i cho php thng nh hn VCC t 1 n 3V. 4.5. IC 74LS47 y l IC gii m 4 sang 8 dng hin th ra led 7 on
Hnh 4 9: S chn IC 74LS47 4.6. OPTO 4N35. * * Cu trc bn trong ca opto gm mt Led hng ngoi v mt npn Opto c chc nng cch ly gia mch iu ch v vi x l, gim in p phototransistor. ng ra xung cn 5V a ph hp vi mc in p logic ca vi x l. 4.6.1. S chn:
Hnh 4 7: S chn IC 4N35 Trang 55
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.6.2. Thng s: Ng vo diode: Dng in qua diode bn trong opto: IF = 10mA. in p ng vo diode cc tiu: VF = 0,8V. in p ng vo diode cc i: VF = 1,5V. in p ng vo diode cc tiu: VF = 0,9V. in p ng vo diode cc i: VF =1,7V ti IF = 10mA v TA =-550C. in p ng vo diode cc tiu: VF = 0,7V. in p ng vo diode cc i: VF =1,4V ti IF = 10mA v TA =-550C. Ng ra transistor: Bnh thng VCE = 5V,IC = 100uA. Dn bo ho VCE = 0,2V,IC = 0,5mA, IF = 10mA. Dng in r ICEO = 50nA ti VCE = 10V, IF = 0. Dng in r ICEO = 500nA ti VCE = 30V, IF = 0, TA =1000C. in p nh thng VCEO = 30V ti IC = 10mA, IF = 0. H s truyn t 100%.
Trang 56
CHNG 5: S KHI H THNG

5.1. S KHI H THNG:
5.2. CHC NNG CA TNG KHI: 5.2.1. Khi cm bin bo trm: Khi cm bin trm l mt mch cm bin hng ngoi. Khi c k trm t nhp vo th khi nay s pht hin qua led hng ngoi v a tn hiu n vi x l iu khin bo ng 5.2.2. Khi vi x l trung tm: Chc nng ca khi ny l iu khin ton b hot ng ca h thng. Hot ng theo chng trnh nh sn. 5.2.3. Khi gii m thu pht DTMF:
Trang 57
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Khi ny bao gm 2 qu trnh: thu v pht Khi thu tn hiu: Khi ny c chc nng thu tn hiu DTMF t ng dy thu bao in thoi v chuyn i xut ra d liu 4 bit dng nh phn tng ng vi tn hiu nhn c. Khi pht tn hiu: Chc nng phn pht l nhn dng d liu nh phn 4 bit t khi x l trung tm v bin i thnh cc cp tn s DTMF tng ng pht ln ng truyn line in thoi. 5.2.4. Khi to ti gi Chc nng ca khi ny l to trng thi nhc my khi c yu cu t khi x l trung tm( khi CPU ). Khi ny c nhim v to ra ti gi cho thu bao, tng i cho thng thoi 2 thu bao vi nhau. Khi khi ny tc ng th in tr vng ca thu bao gim xung to nn ng tc nh c ngi nhc my tng i cho thng thoi vi nhau. ng thi khi ny cng m bo c s truyn tn hiu t thu bao gi i hoc nhn tn hiu thoi t pha thu bao bn kia gi n. 5.2.5 . Khi pht hin nhc my: c mc song song vi hai dy Tip v Ring, c nhim v nhn bit tn hiu o cc do tng i cp khi thu bao b gi nhc my sau tc ng n mt chn ca vi iu khin vi iu khin nhn bit tn hiu nhc my m thi hnh lnh sau . 5.2.6. Khi pht thng bo: Chc nng ca khi ny l pht cu thng bo thu sn ln line in thoi khi c trm t nhp. Khi ny nhn lnh t khi x l trung tm. N s dng h IC chuyn dng ISD1420. 5.2.7. Khi ngun: Khi ny c nhim v cung cp ngun cho ton mch. 5.2.8. Khi iu khin Relay. Khi iu khin Relay c chc nng kt ni h thng iu khin vo ng dy line in thoi khi mch thc hin chc nng iu khin 5.2.9. Khi khuch i tn hiu. Trang 58
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Chc nng ca khi ny l khuch i tn hiu t trong ra bn ngoi v ngc li 5.2.10. Khi gii m v hin th. Chc nng ca khi ny l dng gii m v hin th cc s pht i v ngc li
Trang 59
CHNG 6: THIT K PHN CNG

6.1. Khi cm bin bo trm: a. S nguyn l:
+ 5 v
R 1 1 0 0
R 2 1 0 0 K
R 3 2 2 0
1 L E D P H A
3 TL E D T H
D 14
2 DU 1 A 2 7 4 7 L S 1 4 1 C O N 1 J 5
U L E 1
Hnh 6 1: Mch cm bin bo trm b. Nguyn l hot ng: trng thi bnh thng Led thu v Led pht nhn tn hiu nhau lc ti A s c mc in p bng 0 v Led D2 lun sng bo l 2 Led thu v pht nhn nhau, tn hiu ny qua cng o cho ra mc 1 ti p1.0. Khi c k trm t nhp vo s lm cho Led thu v Led pht mt tn hin lc ny ti A s c in p l mc 1 v Led D2 s tt bo l 2 Led mt tin hiu, tn hiu ny qua cng o cho ra mc 0 ti p1.0 lc ny CPU s iu khin bo ng.
Trang 60
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.2. Khi vi x l trung tm: a. S nguyn l:

40 J 3 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 p 0 p 0 . 2 p 0 . 3 p 0 . 0 . 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 P P P P P P P P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + 5 v U A P A P AP AP AP AP AP AP 6 D 2 D 2 D2 D2 D2 D2 D2 D2 0. 0 1. 1 .2 2 .3 3 .4 4 .5 5 .6 6 .7 7 2 /2A /2A A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A 1 2 3 41 51 61 71 81 1 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 p 2 . 0 p h a t S W h ie 1 n d a o c u c
/ / / / / / / /
d ie n t r o t h a n h
VC C
/ / / / / /
+ R 2 5 1 0 k
5 v
h a
C 3 C 3
2 1 3 p 1 2 M 2 2 3 p + 5 v
1 h i e n t r o2 m P 1 p 1 . 1 P 1 3 p 1 . 2 P 1 4 p 1 . 3 P 1 5 P 1 6 P 1 7 P 1 8 P 1 H z 1 9 1 8 X T X T + 5 v 3 1 E 9 R R 2 5 1 0 0 1
1 0 P 3 . 0 / R 1 1X D P 3 . 1 / T1 X2 D P 3 . 2 / I 1N 3 T 0 P 3 . 3 / I 1N 4 T 1 P 3 . 4 /1 T 5 0 P 3 . 5 /1 T 6 1 P 3 . 6 / W 7 R p 1 p P 3 . 7 / R D 3 0 L A1 L E / P R 9 O 2 L 2 P S E N G N D P P G
3 . 6 3 . 7
A / V S T
C 2 0 1 0 u S W
R 2 6 1 0 k
Hnh 6 2: Mch x l trung tm b. Nguyn l hot ng: P0.0 n P0.3 : Ng vo nhn v pht d liu 4 bit . P1.0: Nhn tn hiu cm bin bo trm P1.1: ng ti gi. P1.2: iu khin pht thng bo P2.0: Ni vi chn RSO ca MT8888. P2.1: Pht hin o cc P1.3: Bo trng thi pht thng bo P3.6, P3.7: ni vi chn RD\ , WR\ ca MT8888. P3.0: Chn thit b gi (in thoi di ng hoc in thoi bn)
20
Trang 61
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.3. Khi thu pht DTMF: a. S nguyn l:
Hnh 6 3: Khi gii m thu pht DTMF b. Nguyn l hot ng : B thu DTMF : Khi tn hiu thu c a vo chn IN- (chn s 2 ca MT8888) th bn trong IC ny c b khuch i Tone s khuch i tn hiu thu ny. Ban u cp tn s ca m tone c qua b lc tn s (Dial Done Filter). B ny s tch tn hiu thnh hai nhm. Mt nhm tn s thp, mt nhm tn s cao. Nhm th nht s lc thng dy tn s t 697HZ n 941HZ v nhm th hai s lc thng dy tn s t 1209 HZ n 1633 HZ. Tng ng vi dy tn s nhm cao v nhm thp ca tn hiu DTMF nh sau: Bng hai nhm tn s DTMF: Nhm tn s cao 697Hz 770 Hz 825 Hz 941 Hz Nhm tn s thp 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz Bn cnh cu trc bn trong ca IC MT8888 cn c b lc loi b tn s 350Hz v 440Hz ca b lc tn s Dial Tone hn ch tn hiu u vo. Khi b d cng nhn c hai tone thch hp th n chuyn hai tn s ny ti b gii m tng ng ca DTMF, trc khi gi cc m ny vo thanh ghi n c b kim tra nhn bit s tn ti ca tn
Trang 62
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi hiu ny. Khi tn hiu gii m c ghi vo cc thanh ghi, th tn hiu ny c chuyn qua b chuyn i A/D (chuyn t tng t sang s ) chuyn thnh m nh phn 4 bit xut ra cc chn 14,15,16,17 ( D0,D1,D2.D3) ca MT8888 a ti khi x l trung tm (tng ng cc bit P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3 ca vi iu khin x l. Nh vy khi xut hin 1 cp tn s tone trn ng dy, qua R400 a vo ng vo IN- th ng ra s xut hin dng nh phn 4 bit tng ng B pht DTMF : Ngc li vi qu trnh thu l qu trnh pht, b pht DTMF trong MT 8888 c kh nng to tt c 16 cp tone DTMF chun ti thiu v chnh xc cao. Tt c tn s ny u ly t dao ng thch anh 3,579545 MHz mc ngoi. M nh phn 4 bit c pht ra cc bit: P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3 ca vi iu khin c a n D0, D1, D2 , D3 ca IC MT 8888. D liu ny c c a vo thanh ghi d liu, sau c a n b chuyn i D/A (chuyn t s sang tng t ) thnh tn hiu tng t vi tn hiu nh lc thu. Sau Tn hiu DTMF ny c a ra chn s 8 ca IC MT 8888 v c khuch i pht n thu bao nhn. Vic thu pht DTMF ca IC MT8888 c khi x l trung tm iu khin thng qua cc chn IRQ/CP,RSO,WR,CS c ni ti cc bit ca vi iu khin: MT 8888 nhn d liu th chn RD\ phi ln mc 0, WR\ phi xung mc1 v RSO mc 0. Sau kim tra bit B2 ca thanh ghi iu khin A, nu mc 1 th s cho php nhn d liu. Tn hiu nhn vo t ng vo IN+ v IN- a qua b lc nhiu Dial tone, sau c tch ra thnh nhm tn s cao v nhm tn s thp. Sau khi nhn dng tn s nm trong tn s chun, s a qua b chuyn i m v a vo ct trong thanh ghi nhn d liu. MT 8888 pht th cc chn RD\ mc logic 1,WR\ mc logic 0 v RSO mc logic 0. ng thi bit B1 ca thanh ghi iu khin A phi mc logic 1. Khi pht 1 tn hiu DTMF th d liu s tng ng di dng m nh phn 4 bit c a n D0, D1, D2, D3 ca IC MT 8888. D liu ny c vit vo thanh ghi pht d liu, sau c a n b chia hng v chia ct lp trnh c, sau c a qua b chuyn i D/A . Trang 63
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Tn hiu c trn tn s thp vi tn s cao b ny v a ra ngoi chn s tone out pht i. c. Thit k v tnh ton mch nhn v gii m DTMF: Cc thng s ca MT8888 do nh sn xut hng dn. Cc gi tr in tr, t in, thi gian an ton, bo v c nh sn xut a ra: R21 =R22=100K R23 =374 (Chn R23 =330 ) C10 = C16 = C17=100nF Thch anh (X-tal) =3,579545 MHZ R20 = 5,6K , R24 = 3.3K Ngun cung cp: VCC = +5V d. Datasheet MT8888 (c cp nht pha sau)
Trang 64
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.4. Khi gii m v hin th: a. S nguyn l:
V C C
C U 1 1 16 U B O O O O O O O O U U U U U U U T T T T T T T 1 1A 1B 1C 9D 1E 1F G 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R0 R0 R0 R0 R0 R0 R0 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 7 6 4 2 1 9 A B C D E 0 F G le d 1 2 3 8 3 8 4 5 3
1 6 1 2 3 4 P P P P 0 0 0 0 . . . . 0 1 2 3 P P P P 0 0 0 0 . . . . 0 1 2 3
B I / R R B I L T I I I I N N N N S A B C D
VC C
7 4 H E A D E R
4 L
4 7 8
G N D
7 1 2 6
0 1 2 3 4 1
D 7
d o
a n
Hnh 6 4: Mch gii m v hin th b. Nguyn l hot ng: M 4 bit sau khi c gii m t m DTMF a vo ng D0,D1,D2,D3 ca 74LS47. 4 bit ny c IC gii m kch led 7 on sng. Led 7 on hin th c nhng s m 4 bit tnh theo BCD. Led 7 on l led anode chung, c in tr hn dng xc nh dng ng vo mch ny nhm gip ngi lp t, s dng d dng kim nghim c nhng phm c nhn v nhng s c pht i. Trong khi ang iu khin, ngi bn thu bao c gi s theo di c s iu khin mch. Trong khi np s in thoi t bn phm, kim tra s in thoi np v s in thoi c pht i th ngi iu khin c th theo di d dng s in thoi ca mnh cn np v cn pht i trn led 7 on trnh trng hp np nhm s in thoi. c. Thit k v tnh ton: Chn IC 74LS47 qua in tr hn dng kch led 7 on anode chung. Dng qua mi nhnh ca led khong 10mA St p trn mi nhnh ca led khong 1,6V 1,8V Dng ra ti a ca IC 74L47 l 24mA Gi tr in tr R8 R14
Trang 65
Chn R8 R14 = 330 IC c ngun cung cp + 5V 6.5.Mch khuch i Tone ra: a.S nguyn l:
R 9 1 0 0 - 5 v R O U T 1 3 1 K C 6 7 1 0 u 8 U 1T BL 0 6 5 R 8 2 11 00 k R 1 2 0 C 1 1 0 K 8 u D T M F O U T 4 k
+ 5 v
Hnh 6 5: Mch khuch i Tone ng ra b.Nguyn l hot ng: Tn hiu tone t MT8888 khng ln truyn ln ng dy. Do , tn hiu ny c a qua IC Tl082 khuch i ln. R10 dng trnh in p sai bit. c.Thit k v tnh ton: Chn h s khuch i Av = - 10, v Ta c:
10.R9 = R120 Chn R9 = 10 K R120 = 100 K R10 = R9//R120 =1000/110 K. Chn R10 = 10K T C8, C6 l t lin lc, do chn t c gi tr 10 F.
Trang 66
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.6. Mch khuch i Tone vo: a.S nguyn l:
R 11 50 0 k
- 5 v C I N 1 u 1 0 K R 1 9 R 1 4 3 1 6 8 0 K + 5 v + 2 U 1 A 81 2 1 0 0 n 1F 0 0 D K T M F I N 4 C 1 0R 2 1
T L 0
Hnh 6 6: Mch khuch i tone ng vo b.Nguyn l hot ng: IC MT8888 d dng nhn bit tn hiu tone t ng truyn, ta cn a qua mt mch khuch i. R8 dng trnh in p sai bit. c.Thit k v tnh ton: Chn h s khuch i Av = - 10,v Ta c:
10.R14 = R15 Chn R14 = 10 K R15 = 100K R16 = R14// R15 =1000/110 K. Chn R16 = 10K T C9, C10 l t lin lc, do chn t c gi tr 10 F.
Trang 67
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.7. Khi kt ni thu bao: Gm khi Relay v khi to ti gi a.S nguyn l:
R P J 1 1 2 T I P 1 1 J 2 1 R I N G C C 4 0 . 4 7 u 3 B + N 2 4 4 0 0 4 3 5 7 R 5 6 . 8 K Q 2 9 4 5 T R R 6 2 2 0 2 N S F 4 M R T S L 2 0 3 / S M 1 D 2 5 1 0 u T 1 1 3 D k 1 2 1 1 + 1 2 v D N 1 4 C 0 0 7 9 4 5 1 . 1 3 . 3 K 1 N 4 Q 0 0 1 7 4 D 1
L 2
in e 4
Hnh 6 7: Mch kt ni thu bao b.Nguyn l hot ng: Diode cu c mc song song vo 2 ng dy in thoi. Trn ng dy ny khng nhng c tn hiu m thoi AC m cn c hiu in th DC, do diode cu ny khng nhng c chc nng chnh lu m cn c tc dng chng o cc. Khi c kch t mt chn ca vi iu khin th s xut hin dng chy qua diode cu, nhng ch c 2 diode c phn cc thun nn dn. Cn 2 diode kia b phn cc nghch nn khng dn v ch dn khi tng i c cp dng in o cc (phc v cho vic tnh cc in thoi) hay mc ln dy Tip v Ring. 6.7.1. Thit k v tnh ton: a/ Thit k mch ng ngt Relay
Trang 68

R P 1 . 1 3 . 3 K + 1 2 v 1 N 4 010 7 Q C D 2 1 3 1 N 1 4 0 0 7 9 4 5 4 D 2
k 1
4 5
C nhiu loi Relay y ta chn Relay c in p l 12V v in tr danh nh 100 nhn vo mch trn ta thy rng nu lm cho transistor dn bo ho th s to dng in t ngun 5V qua Relay v mass lm cho Relay hot ng.Khi trasistor trng thi tt th lp tc ngt dng qua mch cu relay lm cho relay tt. Chn l C2383 c cc thng s: PCmax = 900mW ICmax = 1A = 60 - 230 Q1 dn bo ho th : *IC/Q1 IC/Q1 M IB/Q1 = (VK RELAY VBE/Q1)/R1 (1) IC/Q1 = VDD/RRELAY (2) (2) *(VKRELAY VBE)/R4 VDD/RRELAY
R4
60 * (3,5V 0,7V ) * 100 5V
R4 3360 Do ta chn R1 = 3.3k
Trang 69
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi b/ Thit k mch to ti gi

C 5 D 1 Q C C 4 0 . 4 7 u 2 9 4 5 T R T 1 3 D M R T S 2 5 L 2 0 3 / S M 1 L 0 u 2 i n e 4
1 R 5 6 . 8 K
2 N S F
R 6 2 2 0
Khi ny to ra tr khng ging nh 1 thu bao nhc my gm Q2, R6, C4 v R5 c mc nh hnh v to thnh 1 ngun dng ly dng vo mch ging nh ca mt thu bao ca bu in. Q2 c nhim v thay th mt thu bao trn lnh vc tr khng. in tr DC ca mt my in thoi l 300 , in tr xoay chiu ti tn s f = 1 KHz l 700 30%. Tng tr vo ca mch ny phi ph hp cc thng s trn, t C4 nhm } lc xoay chiu. Nn v mt xoay chiu Q2 xem nh h mch. Tn hiu AC khng nh hng n tr khng DC ca mch. T C5 c nhim v cch ly DC ch cho tn hiu m tn i qua, tn hiu m tn ny c ti qua bin p sut m. Cun s ca bin p ny c mc lm ti ca tng khuch i cng sut m tn. Dng thng thoi ca tng i cp n mch c dng t 20mA -100mA in tr vng qua mch tc gi khong 150 -1500. Ta chn : = 60 Dng DC ca tng i cp : IDC = 20mA Chn tng tr DC ca ti l 6V in p do sp p ca cu diode l 1.4V Chn VCE =0.2V
Trang 70

6V 1,4V 0,2V = 220 . 20mA IC I DC 20mA = = = 0,333Ma 60
R6 =
Dng IB =
Chn R5 = 6.8K T C4 trit tiu tn hiu thoi c sao cho : ZC4 << .R3 (1) Vi W = 2f , f = 300Hz l tn s thp nht ca tn hiu thoi thay vo (1) ta c : C4 >>
1 1 = = 0,4.2F 2f . .R3 2.3,14.300.60.220
Chn C4 = 0.47F/50V T C5 c tc dng ngn DC, ch cho tn hiu thoi i qua nn n phi c tr khng tho iu kin : ZC5 = 1/?C5 = 1/(2fminC5) (1/10)RAC = (1/10)600 C5 8.846uF Do c th chn C5 = 10F/50V Cc thng smh ? tnh ton sau: Q2 l transistor C2383 R5 = 6.8K, R6 = 220 C4 = 0.47 F/50V C5 = 10 F/50V
Trang 71
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.8. Mch chng qu p: a.S nguyn l:

T 1 1 3 D 2 4
2 5
Hnh 6 8: Mch chng qu p b.Thit k v tnh ton: Mch chng qu p c chc nng ghim p khng nh hng in p cao ca ng dy n cc khi trong h thng. Chn Diode Zenner loi 4.7V Mch s dng 2 Diode mc ngc chiu nhau, nhm chng qu p cho c hai chiu. Khi (5)dng, (3) m th Vbin p = 4.7 + 0.7 = 5.4V Khi (3)dng, (5) m th Vbin p = 4.7 + 0.7 = 5.4V Do in p cp cho mch lun m bo iu kin lm vic.
Trang 72
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.10. Khi ngun: a.S nguyn l:

R 1 1 R + U V 1 7 8 G N D I N V 0 5 O U 3 + 5 T + V C 1 0 3 0 U / 5 0 V v
C 2 2
1 0 0 U
C 2 1 U / 5 0 / 5 0 V 2 2 V
U 1 2
7 8 G N D I N V
1 2 O U
D 1 2 C 1 0 V A C 2 3 1 2 V A C V A 4 -
2 + 1 + C 4 2 2 0 + / 5 C 6 0 V 1 U / 5 0 + C 1 0 8 0 U
+ 1
2 v
0 U
/ 5
0 V
C 5 2 2 0
0 U
+ / 5
C 7 0 V 1 U / 5 0 1 2 U G N D
V + V O S R U 3 1 T C 1 0 0 U 9
- 1
2 v / 5 0 V
V 4
I N
7 9
Hnh 6 9: Mch ngun S dng bin th i 220VAC/12VAC h p sau dng cu diode chnh lu thnh in mt chiu, ngun in mt chiu sau khi qua cc t lc s c in p mt chiu phng hn.V ngun in n nh ny s cung cp cho tt c cc linh kin trong mch hot ng. Ngun cung cp c nhim v cung cp ton b nng lng cho mch v th b ngun cn phi c n nh cao c th hot ng lu di ca c h thng mch in. H IC 78XX l loi IC n p ph bin. Mch s dng thm cc linh kin ph tr khc nh in tr hn dng v t lc ngun s cung cp in p ng ra c s n nh cao. Loi IC c v nhm tn nhit c th cung cp mt dng ti a 1A cung cp ngun cho cc linh kin trong mch hot ng tt. ng thi trong IC cn tch hp cc mch bo v qu nhit
Trang 73
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi v qu dng bn trong, iu ny c ngha quan trng i vi s an ton cho cc linh kin trong mch. cung cp ngun cho cp ngun cho cc IC trong mch ta dng : - IC7805 cung cp ngun 5V cho vi x l trung tm, ISD1420, DTMF8888, khi gi m - IC7912 cung cp ngun -12V cho TL082. - IC7812 cung cp ngun 12V cho Relay 12V trong mch khi Relay, TL082. 6.11. Khi pht thng bo: a.S nguyn l:
+ U A A A A A A 1 0 A A 11 80 0 K 11 90 0 K 2 7 R R 21 70 0 K 71 K L E C D D 2 0 . 0 3 0 1 u 2 4 2 5 P R L A E C XC LK YA EN A O R I C G C 2 1 1 1 U E 1 8 7 9 F T R 2 3 P R 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L A E C A Y 1 V + V C C C 2 1 C 8 6 C G G N N 1 D1 D 2 3 4 5 0 6 6 6 . 1 U 5 v
+ 5 v
R R
1 L S P +1 S P N A
S R 1
u n d
2 0 I N C 1 0 . 1 u
M E I CD L M A
1 . 2
1 . 3 I S D 1
4 2 0
Hnh 6 10: Mch pht thng bo b.nguyn l hot ng: Mch pht ting ni dng IC ISD1420 l IC chuyn dng cho vic ghi v pht ting ni v c kt ni trc tip vi vi iu khin thng qua chn port ca vi iu khin cc in tr v t in c mc bn ngoi theo ngh ca nh sn xut. Ng ra m thanh c pht ln line nh mt relay ng ngt khi m thanh c pht ra .Ting ni c s dng cho muc ch ca thit k ny c np sn bn trong IC . pht ra mt on m thanh ta cn cung cp a ch u vng nh lu tr on m thanh ny vng nh ny ta nh sn l (00H) tip theo to mt s thay i t mc cao xung mc thp chn PLAYE Trang 74
26
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ,du hiu kt thc ca on m thanh ny c th hin chn RECLED.Vi iu khin s nhn du hiu ny cho s kt thc ca on m thanh cn pht. 6.12. Khi cm bin nhc my: a.S nguyn l:
V C C R 2 1 k 2 1 L I N E C 1 1 n F 5 v 5 v 2 R 1 1 0 0 4 1 N 3 4 5 C 5 A M 1 J B I E N 2 N H A C M A Y
Hnh 6 11: Mch pht hin o cc b.nguyn l hot ng: Khi ny c mc song song vi hai dy Tip v Ring ca in thoi. Bnh thng khi ny khng hot ng, khi ta pht xong s in thoi, tng i s gii m s in thoi ri thc hin chuyn mch kt ni vi thu bao b gi, khi thng thoi ri tng i s cp tn hiu o cc (ng k vi bu in) lc ny mch cm bin nhc my s hot ng, tn hiu ly ra chn s 5 s mc logic thp, vi iu khin cm bin c trng thi ny v iu khin pht cu thng bo n thu bao b gi. R1 dng phn dng bt qua OPTO, 2 diode zener v t dng chng nhiu. c.Thit k: Cc thng s ca OPTO 4N35 Khi OPTO dn bo ha: VCEsatmax = 0.3v. IC = 5mA. IF = 10mA. Khi thu bao b gi nhc my tng i s cp tin hiu o cc c dng khong 20mA 40mA, chn dng thu bao b gi nhc my l 30mA. Do trnh lm hng OPTO mc thm in tr phn dng R1. OPTOdn bo ha th IF = 10mA => dng qua R1 l IR1 = 30-10 = 20mA. Trang 75
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi M khi OPTO dn (phn s cp l diode) s ghim in p khong 2V. Nn R1 = 2/20.10-3 = 100 Ohm Chn R1= 100 Ohm Khi OPTO dn bo ha th dng IC = 5mA, VCEsat= 0.3V. R2 = 5-0.3/5.10-3 = 940 Ohm Chn R2 = 1K.
S KHI TON MCH:
Trang 76
CHNG VII: LU GII THUT V CHNG TRNH

I.LU GII THUT 1. CHNG TRNH CHNH :
Trang 77
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 1.1 Lu gii thut:
1.2. Gii thch: u tin, chng trnh chnh s khi to cho MT8888, chn ch pht DTMF, P1.0 l tn hiu t Led hng ngoi a vo . Khi P1.0 mc logic 0, tc l khi c k trm vo th chng trnh s gi chng trnh con quay s in thoi thng bo .
Trang 78
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 2. CHNG TRNH CON RESET-MT8888 : 2.1. Lu gii thut : BEGIN C TRNG THI THANH GHI CHN THANH GHI A NP GI TR 0 VO THANH GHI A CHN THANH GHI B
NP GI TR 0 VO THANH GHI B
C THANH GHI TRNG THI RET 2.2. Gii thch : khi ng cho MT8888 th u tin ta phi c thanh ghi trng thi, sau chn thanh ghi A v xa d liu trong thanh ghi A, tip theo chn thanh ghi B v xa d liu trong thanh ghi B. Cui cng l c thanh ghi trng thi kt thc vic khi ng cho MT8888.
Trang 79
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 3. Chng trnh con iu khin MT8888: 3.1. Lu :
BEGIN VIT IU KHIN THANH GHI A CHN CH : TONE OUT DTMF IRQ THANH GHI B VIT IU KHIN THANH GHI B CHN CH : BURT MODE
RET
3.2. Gii thch : chn ch iu khin th ta phi vit vo thanh ghi A chn ch iu khin. y ta chn ch iu khin l pht DTMF, chn ch ngt v chn thanh ghi B. Sau khi chn thanh ghi B ta s vit iu khin thanh ghi B chn ch BURST MODE.
Trang 80
BEGIN C THANH GHI TRNG THI
S ACC.1=1 C THANH GHI PHT D LIU
RET 4. Chng trnh con pht DTMF: 4.1. Lu gii thut:
4.2. Gii thch: Bit ACC.1 l bt bo trng thi pht ca MT8888. bit l tn hiu DTMF c pht cha th u tin ta phi c thanh ghi trng thi xc nh l tn hiu DTMF c pht cha bng cch kim tra bit ACC.1 ca MT8888. Nu bit ACC.1 c t bng 1 th tn hiu DTMF c MT8888 pht.
Trang 81
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 5. CHNG TRNH CON QUAY S IN THOI: 5.1. Lu gii thut: ACLL RESET MT8888 BEGIN NG TI GI DELAY
ACALL PSDTB
Chn thit b gi ACALL PSTD (P3.0 = 0) ACLL RESET MT8888 RET
Trang 82
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 5.2.Gii thch : quay s in thoi, u tin chng trnh phi khi to MT 8888. chng trnh s ng ti gi kt ni thu bao v chn thit b gi( Nu P3.0 = 0 th gi TD ngc li gi in thoi bn).Sau khong thi gian delay 1s i tn hiu mi gi quay s. Chng trnh con pht s in thoi c thi hnh vi s in thoi c ci t sn trong chng trnh. Khi pht hin nhc my th thc hin lnh tip theo. Khi pht hin u dy bn kia khng nhc my th gi li .
Trang 83
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi II. M NGUN CHNG TRNH $MOD51 RSO BIT P2.0 ORG 00H MAIN: CLR P1.1 SETB P2.1 SETB P1.2 SETB P1.0 ACALL ; NGAT TAI GIA ; KO CO TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; CHAN 24 ISD1420 ; BAO TROM readSR
MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#08H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR ACALL ACALL KT1: JNB P1.0,KT2 ; KIEM TRA TROM SJMP KT1 KT2: ACALL THONGBAO JNB P1.0,$ SJMP MAIN ; CHUONG TRINH CON THONG BAO THONGBAO: ACALL QSDT JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ACALL DELAY5S Trang 84 readSR setup
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ACALL DELAY5S JNB P2.1,BAOTROM ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC ; KIEM TRA TRANG THAI DAO CUC
CLR P1.1 ; NGAT TAI GIA ACALL DELAY1S LJMP THONGBAO BAOTROM: MOV R5,#04H PHAT1: CLR P1.2 ; CHO PHAT CAU THONG BAO SETB P1.2 JB P1.3,$ JNB P1.3,$ DJNZ R5,PHAT1 CLR P1.1 ; NGAT KET NOI THUE BAO RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx setup: MOV A,#0DH ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR RET writeCR: ANL A,#0FH SETB rso MOVX @R0,A RET readSR: Trang 85
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi SETB rso MOVX A,@R0 ANL A,#0FH RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ; CHUONG TRINH CON QUAY SO DIEN THOAI QSDT: ACALL readSR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#08H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR ACALL ACALL readSR setup
SETB P1.1 ; DONG TAI GIA ACALL DELAY1S JNB P3.0,PSDTDD ACALL PSDTB CJNE R2,#3,TTT PSDTDD: ACALL PSDTDD1 TTT: ACALL readSR MOV A,#00H ACALL writeCR MOV A,#00h ACALL writeCR MOV A,#08h Trang 86
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ACALL writeCR
MOV A,#00h ACALL writeCR ACALL ACALL readSR setup
RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ; CHUONG TRINH CON PHAT SO DIEN THOAI PSDTB: MOV DPTR,#CODEDISP MOV R2,#3 MOV R1,#00H KT3: MOV A,R1 MOVC A,@A+DPTR ACALL TRANSMIT INC R1 DJNZ R2,KT3 RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx PSDTDD1: MOV DPTR,#CODEDISP1 MOV R2,#10 MOV R1,#00H KT4: MOV A,R1 MOVC A,@A+DPTR ACALL TRANSMIT INC R1 DJNZ R2,KT4 RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx TRANSMIT: CLR rso ANL A,#0FH MOVX @R0,A MOV p0,A ACALL DELAY1S KT6: ACALL readSR Trang 87
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi JNB ACC.1,kt6 RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ; CHUONG TRINH DELAY 1S ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DELAY1S: CLR TF0 MOV R4,#20 MOV TMOD,#01H LOOP2: MOV TH0,#50H MOV TL0,#9AH SETB TR0 JNB TF0,$ CLR TR0 CLR TF0 DJNZ R4,LOOP2 RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ; CHUONG TRINH DELAY 5S ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx DELAY5S: CLR TF0 MOV R5,#100 MOV TMOD,#01H LOOP3: MOV TH0,#50H MOV TL0,#9AH SETB TR0 JNB TF0,$ CLR TR0 CLR TF0 DJNZ R5,LOOP3 RET ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CODEDISP: DB 01H,0AH,01H CODEDISP1: DB 0AH,09H,01H,08H,07H,03H,06H,04H,04H,09H END
Trang 88
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi CHNG VIII: TM TT V HNG PHT TRIN TI I. TM TT TI Tri qua mt thi gian nghin cu thc hin ti, n c hon thnh. i vi Nhm nghin cu trong qu trnh thc hin gp nhiu vn ny sinh, cng chnh l nhng kh khn ng thi cng chnh l ng lc thc y nhm nghin cu hon thnh n Tt Nghip ny. Ni dung ca ti c nu trong tt c 7 chng. Trong cc chng : 3,4,5,6 Nhm nghin cu gii thiu cc ti liu lin quan n vic thit k nh : nhng kin thc v thu pht DTMF, phng php ghi m cng nh pht tn hiu, cc chc nng ca vi iu khin 89C51, ngn nh lp trnh Assembly v kho st cc linh kin trong mch. Do kin thc cn hn ch nn qu trnh thc hin chc khng trnh khi nhng thiu st v vic trnh by ni dung cng c nhng ch cha hon thin. Rt mong c qu Thy C gp v b sung ti Nghin Cu ny c hon thin hn. Nhm nghin cu xin chn thnh cm n. II. HNG PHT TRIN TI Trong thi gian nghin cu ti nhm nghin cu gp nhiu tr ngi song vi s n lc ca tng c nhn trong nhm v tinh thn lm vic theo nhm cui cng ti cng hon thin ng theo thi gian quy nh. Qua mt thi gian lm mt cch nghim tc gip nhng ngi thc hin ti hc thm c nhiu iu, l cch lm vic khoa hc, s sng to, c lp nghin cu, v nht l s hp tc lm vic theo nhm. Thit k h thng bo trm qua ng dy in thoi, nhm phn no m bo an ton ti sn c nhn, tp th, cng ty x nghip ..v.v. l mc ch nghin cu ca nhng ngi thc hin ti, trong mt khong thi gian hn ch, nhm nghin cu c mt kt qu nht nh. Tuy nhin ti cng tr nn hon thin hn, c th pht trin ti theo hng: + Thit k cm bin hng ngoi c kh nng thu pht vi khong cch xa hn. + Dng loa pht tn hiu c trm ti ch Trang 89
Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi + Thit k cm bin bo chy mc song song vi cm bin trm + Thit k bn phm c th thay i bt k s in thoi + Kt hp vi cc thit b khc iu khin cc thit b in t trong nh +Vit thm phn mm c th gi in thoi bn v di ng lun phin nhau
Trang 90
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Gio Trnh Vi X L Trng i Hc Cng nghip TP.HCM 2. Chu Kim Lang.Phng Php Nghin Cu Khoa Hc.Trng i Hc S Phm K Thut TP.HCM,2002 3. Dng Minh Tr.Cm Bin V ng Dng.Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut,2000 4. Tng Vn On, Hong c Hi.H Vi iu Khin 8051.Nh Xut Bn Lao ng- X Hi.H Ni,2001 5. Phan Quc Ph, Nguyn c Hi.Gio Trnh Cm Bin.Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut.H Ni, 2000 6. L Vn Thnh Nguyn l Tng i in t, Trung tm o to Bu chnh vin thng II,1996 7. Cc website: http:// www.datasheetarchive.com http://www.ISD.com http ://www.Atmel.com http ://www.MT.com
Trang 91

Bao Trom Qua Duong Day Dien Thoai

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bao Trom Qua Duong Day Dien Thoai

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

CHNG 3: GII THIU TNG QUAN V MNG IN THOI

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Tn hiu chung (Ring Signal)

Hnh 3 2: Dng sng tn hiu mi quay s Tnh hiu bo bn (Busy Tone):

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Hnh 3 6: Trung k Cc loi trung k: Trung k CO-Line (Central Office Line):

php quay s bng xung thp phn.

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Theo tnh cht ca OP AMP:

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

CHNG 4: GII THIU CC IC C LIN QUAN

C/T\:chn ch lm vic ca timer. C/T\ = 0 ch nh thi. Trang 33

EA: cho php hoc khng cho php ngt tt c. Trang 34

Hnh 4 2: S khi bn trong IC MT8888

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Hnh 4 6: Mch Clock DTMF

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi Gin pht mt thng bo

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 4.4.1. S chn:

Hnh 4 7: S chn IC 4N35 Trang 55

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

CHNG 5: S KHI H THNG

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

CHNG 6: THIT K PHN CNG

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.2. Khi vi x l trung tm: a. S nguyn l:

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

60 * (3,5V 0,7V ) * 100 5V

R4 3360 Do ta chn R1 = 3.3k

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi b/ Thit k mch to ti gi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.8. Mch chng qu p: a.S nguyn l:

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 6.10. Khi ngun: a.S nguyn l:

S KHI TON MCH:

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

CHNG VII: LU GII THUT V CHNG TRNH

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi 1.1 Lu gii thut:

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

BEGIN C THANH GHI TRNG THI

S ACC.1=1 C THANH GHI PHT D LIU

RET 4. Chng trnh con pht DTMF: 4.1. Lu gii thut:

Chn thit b gi ACALL PSTD (P3.0 = 0) ACLL RESET MT8888 RET

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi ACALL writeCR

MOV A,#00h ACALL writeCR ACALL ACALL readSR setup

Mch Bo Trm Qua ng Dy in Thoi

TI LIU THAM KHO

You might also like