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NECTA C RT
B SUNG TP CAM
GVHD: NGUYN TH HONG YN
SVTH:
1.
Trn Th Ngc nh
09231001
2.
L Thi Hng Cm
09209411
3.
V Th Hng Cc
09211291
4.
09217321
M u
Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng i sng con ngi
ngy cng c nng cao v vt cht cng nh tinh thn, chnh v vy sau nhng
ngy lm vic mt nhc mi ngi thng t chc cc bui hi hp, d ngoi,
giao lu gp g bn b. Trong nhng lc nh vy mt th khng th thiu c
l nc gii kht, n gp phn lm tinh thn thoi mi mi ngi tr nn thn
thin hn, ci m vi nhau hn.
p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng, trn th
trng hin nay c rt nhiu cc loi nc ung ng chai khc nhau, mi mt
loi ph hp vi th hiu ca mt nhm ngi no . Bn cnh , cc loi nc
gii kht cn c vai tr nht nh i vi sc kho con ngi. V d nc ung tri
cy cung cp cho c th ngun vitamin, gluxit, khong... Nc p c rt cha hm
lng cao ca cht potassium, magnesium v mt s lng calcium - khin n tr
thnh mt trong nhng loi nc p hu ch nht.
Bi v ngoi cht st, ba loi cht ny l nhng khong cht d b thiu
thn nht trong thc n ca ngi ph n. y l ngun beta-carotene v
carotenoid tuyt ho c th chuyn ha thnh vitamin A, gip tng cng th
lc v ban m v gim nguy c bnh c thy tinh th do tin trnh lo ha.
Nhng cht chng oxy ha trong caroteroid gip gim nguy c ung th phi, bao
t v bng quang. Loi nc p tng cng sc bt ca c th ny cn cha mt
enzyme chng oxy ha mnh m khc l alpha-lipoic acid, gip y mnh kh
nng ca vitamin A, C, E, nhm tng kh nhng gc ha hc t do c hi ra khi
c th. Vi mong mun to ra 1 loi nc ung giu cht dinh dng v tin li
cho ngi tiu dng. Nhm chng em bt tay vo lm sn phm nc ung
necta c rt ng chai.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 2
LI CM N
Qua hn 2 thng lm vic ti phng th nghim trng i Hc Cng Nghip
TP.HCM cho n nay chng em hon thnh xong ti Nghin cu sn xut
th nghim sn phm mi: nc ung necta c rt . Em xin chn thnh cm n
Ban Gim Hiu trng i Hc Cng Nghip TP.HCM , vin trng vin Cng
Ngh Sinh Hc Thc Phm, GVHD c Nguyn Th Hong Yn cng ton b thy
c trong b mn cng ngh thc phm, thy c ph trch phng th nghim cng
ngh thc phm tn tnh hng dn v gip chng em trong sut thi gian
thc hnh.
Do kin thc v thi gian nghin cu cn hn ch nn mc d c rt nhiu
c gng nhng vn khng trnh c thiu st. V vy chng em rt mong nhn
c nhng kin ng gp qu bu ca c ti ny hon thin tt hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 3
MC LC
I.Tng quan nguyn liu sn xut. .............................................8
1. Gii thiu............................................................................... 8
2. Nguyn liu sn xut............................................................8
2.1.C rt ..............................................................................8
2.1.1.Ngun gc..................................................................9
2.1.2.c tnh.....................................................................9
2.1.3. Phn loi.................................................................10
2.1.4.Thnh phn ha hc................................................10
2.1.5.Tiu ch la chn nguyn liu cho sn xut.............12
2.1.6.Bo qun v d tr c rt........................................12
2.2.Nc............................................................................... 13
2.3.ng............................................................................13
2.4.Ph gia...........................................................................15
2.4.1.Pectin.......................................................................15
2.4.2.Xythanhgum............................................................17
2.4.3.Agar ........................................................................20
2.4.5.Acid citric ................................................................22
2.4.6. Vitamin C................................................................25
II.Quy trnh sn xut...................................................................28
1.Quy trnh thc hin..............................................................28
2.Thuyt minh quy trnh..........................................................31
2.1.X l nguyn liu...........................................................31
2.2.Gia nhit s b...............................................................33
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 4
Page 5
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 6
Mc ch th nghim
Sau khi hc xong th nghim, chng ta phi nm vng nhng kin thc sau:
-
Hiu r c tin trnh thc hin quy trnh sn xut nectar c rt.
Yu cu th nghim
tng.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 7
NI DUNG
I.Tng quan nguyn liu sn xut.
1. Gii thiu
Nc p c rt dng necta l mt dng thc ung c a chung cha nhiu
cht dinh dng, cung cp vitamin A (B- caroten), C.. v cung cp nhiu nng
lng cn thit cho c th. Vi mu sc t nhin p mt, to s bt mt v hp
dn cho ngi tiu dng.
Trn th gii, sn phm t c rt c bit n kh lu vi cc mn n thng
ngy trong gia nh v cng c bit l mt loi dc phm kh ph bin .Tuy
nhin, vic to ra sn phm ch bin t c rt vi vic b sung tp cam ch mi
pht trin trong nhng nm gn y.
V vy, vic nghin cu ch bin nc gii kht necta c rt s gp phn lm
phong ph cc sn phm nc ung trn th trng, cng nh tng cng kh
nng s dng sn phm nng nghip.
2. Nguyn liu sn xut.
2.1.C rt
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 8
C rt
2.1.1.Ngun gc
L mt loi cy c c, thng c mu
vng cam, , vng, trng hay ta. Phn n
c ca c rt l c, thc cht l r ci ca
n, cha nhiu tin t ca vitamin A tt cho
Gii (regnum):
B (ordo):
H (familia):
Phn
Plantae
Apiales
Apiaceae
Apioideae
H (subfamilia): Apiaceae
Chi (genus):
Daucus
mt.
C rt c ngun gc t khu vc Bc
Phi, Ty Nam v chu u, nhng hin nay
c gieo trng rng khp th gii, ch yu
l khu vc n i.
Vit Nam c rt pht trin tt cc vng
c khng kh lnh, mt m nh Lt v
cc vng Ty Bc B. Hin nay, cc vng
Page 9
C rt vng
C rt Brotero
C rt di
C rt Durieu
C rt Gadeceau
C rt di M
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Hm lng
88 (gam)
8 (gam)
1.5 (gam)
1.2 (gam)
43 (mg)
39 (mg)
0.8 (mg)
Page 10
0.06 (mg)
0.06 (mg)
0.4 (mg)
0.8 (mg)
12 (mg)
T l (%)
85.5
1.5
8.8
1.2
0.8
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 11
Chn theo kch thc v ln: nguyn liu cn t kch thc tng ng
nhau v va khng qu to hay qu nh.
2.1.6.Bo qun v d tr c rt
Khi mua c rt v bn cn ct b cnh l cng sm cng tt v chng s rt i
vitamin, mui khong v nc t phn c. Ngoi ra khi ch bin, cn phi ct b
lun u kia v gt v. Lu tr c rt cn nguyn c (khng ra nc v cha ct
nh) trong bao nylon bt kn v trong ngn ct rau qu ca t lnh. Hy nh, ch
nn ra c rt trc khi s dng.
Thng c th lu tr c c rt ti hn 1-2 tun. Trnh gn cc loi
tri cy khc, c bit l to v o v chng s pht ra hi ethylene khi chn, lm
c rt c v hi ng, gim thi gian bo qun ca c rt v cc loi rau qu khc.
C rt s b mm khi ngoi khng kh.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 12
Clo: m tnh
Ch tiu vi sinh
-
2.3.ng
2.3.1.Ngun gc
ng s dng l ng saccharose, thuc loi ng rt ph bin trong t
nhin. N c nhiu trong c ci ng, trong ma v l, thn, r, qu ca nhiu
loi thc vt. trong cng nghip sn xut ng, ngi ta dng nguyn liu l c
ci ng hoc ma v chng c th cha t 20-25% ng saccharose.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 13
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 14
Ch tiu cm quan
Ch tiu ha l
Tn tiu chun
pol (o Z)
S gim khi lng khi sy 105oC trong 3 gi % khi lng (m/m)
Hm lng ng kh % khi lng (m/m)
Tro dn in % khi lng
mu (IU)
Mc
>99,8
<0.05
<0.03
<0.05
<30
2.4.Ph gia
2.4.1.Pectin
Cu to
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 15
Kh nng to gel
Ph thuc rt ln vo s c mt ca cc cation.
Mui K+ ca -carrageenan c kh nng to gel tt nht nhng gel gin v d
b phn r. Chng ta c th gim gin ca gel bng cch thm vo locust bean
gum. -carrageenan c t lin kt ion hn nhng khi tng lc lin kt c th to gel
n hi. -carrageenan khng c kh nng to gel. Mui K+ ca n tan trong nc.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 16
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 17
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 18
Xanthan gum tan kh tt trong nc. Dung dch c nht cao th hin tnh
cht ca mt cht lng gi do v gi tr nht ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit
. Cc dung dch, h nh tng
hay gel khi c mt xanthan gum u
rt bn khi chuyn gia 2 trng thi
lnh ng v tan gi. So vi cc
gum khc Xanthan gum c kh
nng to nht cao hn nng
Ca
u tru
c -Helix
Cuo
n nga
u nhie
n
(random coil)
rt thp.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 19
Loi
Page 20
c bit
1. Mu sc
2. Hm
cht
lng
Vng
n vng
trng
3
n Vng
php
lng khng ln
3. m (tnh theo 22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
220
150
100
khi
nu
n trng
khi php
theo
lng)
khng ln hn
4. Hm lng tro 4.0
(tnh theo % khi
lng) khng ln
hn
5. Hm lng cht 1
khng tan trong
nc nng (tnh
theo % khi lng)
khng ln hn
6. Sc ng tnh theo 380
g/cm3 khng nh
hn
2.4.4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 21
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 22
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 23
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 24
Ngun gc
Tnh cht ha hc
Acid ascorbic dng trong thc phm phi dng kt tinh mu trng, 1 gram
tan trong 3,5ml nc, hay trong 30ml ethanol, khng tan trong du m. Sau khi
ht m bi acid sunfuric trong 24 gi, khng c cha t hn 99% C6H8O6.
Trong qu trnh ch bin, tanin trong qu thng b oxy ho to thnh
flobafen c mu en. trnh hin tng ny, ngi ta thng pha thm cht
chng oxy ho m thng dng nht l acid ascorbic (vitamin C). Vitamin C va
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 25
C ch tc dng
Hydroxyl ha.
Amid ha.
Gip chuyn acid folic thnh acid folinic trong tng hp carnitin;
rut.
-
Dng hin c
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 26
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 27
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 28
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 29
Gt v
Ra sch, ct nh
Chn (1 pht)
Xay nhuyn
B (gi li)
Syrup
Lc k
(sn
phm
Pectin (0.1%)
Xan (0.1%)
Phi ch
15oBx)
B xung tht qu
ng ha
Rt chai, ng np
Thanh trng
Lm ngui
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Necta
c rt
Page 30
Ra
Gt v, ct nh
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 31
Chn
Xay
Page 32
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 33
Page 34
T l nc BS
1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Nng ng
Page 35
1
2
3
4
5
(Brix)
9
11
13
15
17
Page 36
1.
Dng c
Dao
2.
3.
Thau
4.
Cn
5.
Ni nh
6.
Ni ln
7.
Phu
8.
Gi
9.
Vi lc
Thit b
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
S lng
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
S lng
Page 37
2. Birx k
1
1
3. pH k
4. nht k
5. Cn phn tch.
1
1
Ch tiu im
Yu cu
Hnh
thi
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 38
ha
Mu sc 5
Mi v
C mi thm, v ngt
Mi v khng c trng, c ln v l
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 39
Phiu nh gi cm quan.
H & tn:......................................................................................................
Bng chm im cm quan
NC C RT B SUNG THT QU
Mu th c m ha. Cc bn tin hnh nh gi cm quan bng phng php
cho im theo thang im t 1 n 5. Tin hnh thanh v sau khi th mu.
Mu
Hnh thi
hi ha
Mi v
Mu sc
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 40
m ci x brix q + m nd x X
=
100
6.5 + 3X =4x 15
X=
X= 17.83 %
msp x Brixsp
100
60 6.5
3
1000x3
=750 g
4
Hm lng ng cn dng l
m =
750x17.83
= 133,72 g
100
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 41
Mu q
Mu t
Mu v
Mu z
Mu g
hi ha
Tin hnh chy anova nhn bit s khc bit gia cc mu.
> AnovaModel.22 <- aov(dohaihoa ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.22)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
lwr
upr
p adj
Page 42
q-g
)
(
t-g
v- g
)
(
z- g
)
(
t-q
(
v- q
)
(
z- q
v-t
z-t
)
)
)
(
z-v
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 43
Nhn xt: nhn vo biu ta thy c s khc bit gia mu cha 3% tht qu v
5% tht qu, mu 5% tht qu c ngi th a chung nhiu nht.
Hnh thi
Tin hnh chy anova nhn bit s khc bit gia cc mu.
> AnovaModel.24 <- aov(hinhthai ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.24)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
Page 44
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 45
q-g
)
(
t-g
(
v-g
)
(
z-g
)
(
t-q
(
v-q
z-t
)
)
z-q
v-t
)
(
)
(
z-v
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 46
t-g
z-q
v-t
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 47
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 48
q-g
)
(
t-g
)
(
v-g
)
(
z-g
)
(
t-q
)
(
v-q
)
(
z-q
(
v-t
)
(
z-t
z-v
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 49
v-q
z-q
Mi v
Tin hnh chy anova nh gi s khc bit gia cc mu
> AnovaModel.28 <- aov(muivi ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.28)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
Page 50
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 51
q-g
)
(
t-g
(
v-g
z-g
)
(
t-q
v-q
z-q
v-t
z-t
)
(
z-v
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 52
t-q
v-t
z-t
Mu m
Mu h
Mu k
Mu f
Mu l
Hnh thi
T l nc b xung
T l nc b xung
T l nc b xung
T l nc b xung
T l nc b xung
1:1
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
Page 53
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 54
h-f
)
(
k-f
)
(
l-f
(
m-f
)
(
k-h
)
(
l-h
m-h
l-k
m-k
m-l
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 55
Qua cc s liu trn ta thy, khng c s khc bit gia cc mu h-f, kf, m-f, m-h, l-k, m-k v gi tr F Value <<0.05 khng c ngha, cc mu l-f,
k-h, l-h, m-l c ngha tin cy c th nh sau
l- f
k-h
l-h
hi ha
Tin hnh chy anova nh gi s khc bit gi cc mu.
library(abind, pos=4)
> AnovaModel.1 <- aov(dohaihoa ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.1)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 56
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 57
g-e
l-e
v-e
l-g
v-g
v-l
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Linear Function
f-h
Mu sc
Page 58
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 59
h-f
)
(
k-f
)
(
l-f
m-f
)
(
k-h
l-h
m-h
l-k
m-k
m-l
)
)
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 60
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 61
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 62
h-f
)
(
k-f
)
(
l-f
(
m-f
)
)
k-h
)
(
l-h
(
m-h
)
(
l-k
(
m-k
m-l
)
)
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 63
Mu c Bx l 9
Mu c Bx l 11
Mu c Bx l 13
Mu c Bx l 15
Mu c Bx l 17
lwr
upr
p adj
Page 64
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 65
b-a
)
(
c-a
)
(
d-a
(
e-a
c-b
)
(
d-b
e-b
)
(
d-c
e-c
e-d
-1.0
)
)
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Linear Function
Kt qu trn cho thy a-b, c-b, e-c, e-d khng c s khc bit v
Fvalue >0.05 v d-a, e-a, d-b, e-b, d-c u c s khc bit c th nh sau.
Mu
d-a
e-a
d-b
e-b
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
d-c
Hnh thi
> summary(AnovaModel.3)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
lwr
upr
p adj
Page 67
d-a
a-e
c-b
d-b
e-b
Page 68
b-a
)
(
c-a
)
(
d-a
(
e-a
c-b
)
(
d-b
e-b
d-c
e-c
e-d
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 69
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 70
b-a
)
(
c-a
)
(
d-a
(
e-a
(
c-b
)
)
(
d-b
e-b
)
(
d-c
e-c
e-d
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Linear Function
Page 71
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 72
c-a
d-a
e-a
d-b
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
0%p-0.1%X
0.1%P-0.1%X
0.2%P-0.1%X
0.%2-0.2%X
0.2%-0.2 %X
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 74
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 75
b-a
c-a
d-a
e-a
c-b
d-b
e-b
d-c
e-c
)
(
e-d
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 76
b-a
c-a
d-a
d-b
e-b
e-a
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 77
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 78
b-a
c-a
d-a
e-a
c-b
d-b
e-b
)
(
d-c
e-c
)
(
e-d
-2
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 79
b-a
c-a
d-a
e-b
Mu sc
> AnovaModel.7 <- aov(mausac ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.7)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 80
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 81
b-a
(
c-a
)
(
d-a
e-a
(
c-b
)
)
d-b
e-b
)
(
d-c
e-c
e-d
-2
-1
Linear Function
Ph gia
Xanthagum
CMC
Gum E
Agar
hi ha
> AnovaModel.14 <- aov(hinhthai ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.14)
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 82
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 83
g-e
l-e
(
v-e
l-g
(
v-g
v-l
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 84
l-e
l-g
v-l
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 85
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 86
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 87
g-e
l-e
(
v-e
l-g
v-g
v-l
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 88
hi ha.
> AnovaModel.11 <- aov(dohaihoa ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.11)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 89
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 90
e-d
)
(
f-d
)
(
g-d
h-d
(
f-e
)
(
g-e
h-e
g-f
h-f
h-g
-1
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 91
e-d
f-d
g-d
h-d
g-e
h-e
g-f
Hnh thi
> AnovaModel.13 <- aov(hinhthai ~ mau, data=Dataset)
> summary(AnovaModel.13)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
mau
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 92
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 93
e-d
)
(
f-d
)
(
g-d
(
h-d
(
f-e
)
(
g-e
h-e
g-f
h-f
h-g
-1
Linear Function
Mi v
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 94
lwr
upr
p adj
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 95
e-d
f-d
)
(
g-d
(
h-d
(
f-e
)
(
g-e
h-e
)
(
g-f
h-f
h-g
-1
)
)
Linear Function
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 96
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 97
KT LUN
C rt xa nay vn l mt loi thc phm c mt trong cc ba n hng
ngy cha nhiu cht dinh dng v cc khong cht cn thit cho c th. Vic
ch bin c rt thnh mt dng thc ung s va b dng li mang tnh tin dng
cao. Trong qu trnh nghin cu nhm a ra cc ch tiu nh gi cng nh nh
hon thin nhng sai st a ra sn phm tt nht.
Qua bi th nghim chng ta c th nh gi c cc yu t nh hng
n cht lng sn phm cng nh cc bin i ca sn phm trong qu trnh thc
hin c nhng khc phc nhanh chng lm n nh sn phm. T ta rt ra
kt lun c lm th no c mt sn phm hon thin ph hp vi yu cu ca
ngi tiu dng.
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 98
http://thuviencongdong.com/moi-truong-thuc-pha-m/20490-tong-
quan-ve-phu-gia-luu-bien.html.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
http://my.opera.com/chilinhkgcc/blog/pectin-v
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_r%E1%BB%91t
http://www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?
url=/thuocdongy/C/CaRot.htm&key=&char=C
DHTP5-Nhm 5.
Page 99