Thit k MBA in lc

Mba in lc l mt b phn rt quan trng trong h thng in . Vic

ti in nng i xa t nh my in n h tiu th trong cc h thng in
cn phi c rt nhiu ln tng gim in p . Do tng cng sut t ca
cc Mba ln hn nhiu ln so vi cng sut my pht . Tuy hiu sut ca
Mba thng rt ln ( 98-99% ) Nhng do s lng Mba nhiu nn tng tn
hao trong h thng rt ng k v th vn t ra trong thit k Mba vn l
gim tn hao nht l tn hao khng ti trong Mba .
Khuynh hng pht trin ca ngnh ch to Mba in lc hin nayl
tng c gii hn v cng sut , v in p , ngoi ra cn m rng thang
cng sut ca Mba thnh nhiu dy p ng mt cch rng ri vi nhu
cu s dng v vn hnh Mba . lm c iu trong thit k , ch to
Mba ta phi khng ngng ci tin , tm ra nhng vt liu mi tt hn , thay
i kt cu mch t hp l , tng trnh cng ngh...
Qua bn n mn hc ny gip em hiu v lm quen vi cng vic
thit k Mba ni ring v my in ni chung . Mc d rt c gng trong
qu trnh thit k nhng chc chn khng trnh khi nhng sai st , em
mong cc thy , c cng cc bn ng gp nhng kin xy dng .

Em xin chn thnh cm n .

H ni . Ngy 10.10.2001

Sinh vin

Thit k MBA in lc

Phn I :

Tnh ton cc kch thc ch yu

1.1 Cc i lng in c bn ca Mba

1.1.1 Cng sut mi pha ca mba:
Sf=

S 400
=
=133,33 (KVA)
3
m

1.1.2 Cng sut mi tr:

S
400
S= t =
=133,33 (KVA)
3

1.1.3 Dng in dy nh mc:

S dm.103
400.10 3
= 6,6( A)
=
3U 2
3.35.10 3

-Pha CA:

I2 =

-Pha HA:

S dm .103
400.10 3
I1 =
3.U1 = 3.0,4.10 3 = 577,36( A)

1.1.4 Dng in pha nh mc:

-Pha CA: u Y
-Pha HA: u Y

I f 2 = I 2 = 6,6 (A)

If1=I1= 577,36 (A)

2

Thit k MBA in lc
1.1.5 in p pha:
C CA v HA u Y:

Uf2 =
U f1 =

U 2 35.10 3
= 20207 ,26(V )
=
3.
3
U1
3

400

= 230,94(V )

1.1.6 Cc thnh phn in p ngn mch:

Thnh phn tc dng:

ur =

I f .rn
Uf

.100.

m.I f .10 3
m.I f .10

Pn
4600
=
= 1,15(%)
10.S dm 10.400

u x = u n2 u r2 = 5 2 1,15 2 = 4,866%

Thnh phn phn khng:

1.1.7 in p th ca cc dy qun:
Pha CA: U th 2 = 85 (KV)
Pha HA: U th1 = 5 (KV)

( Bng 2)

1.2 Chn cc s liu xut pht v thit k s b li thp:

1.2.1 Li st :
Chn li st kiu tr , dy qun cun thnh hnh tr nn tit din ngang ca
tr st c dng bc thang i xng ni tip vi hnh trn ng knh d

d01
d

Theo bng 4 vi cc tm l tn c p chn s bc l 6

3

Thit k MBA in lc
Vt liu li st : dng tn silic m hiu 3404 c chiu dy : 0,35 mm-Bng8
p tr ta dng nm g sut gia ng giy Baklit vi tr hay vi cun dy h
p <H.2>

p gng ta dng x p vi bu lng xit ra ngoi gng

X p gng trn v di c lin kt vi nhau bng nhng bulng thng
ng chy dc ca s li st gia hai cun dy. gia x p vi gng phi lt
m cacton cch in h thng x st khng to thnh mch t kn .
1.2.2 Chn tn silic v cng t cm trong tr
Chn tn silic cn lnh m hiu 3404 c chiu dy 0,35mm
ta chn
1.2.3

BT=1,6T
Cc h s v sut tn hao, sut t ho trong tr v gng.

1/ H s dy: Tra Bng 10 :

k = 0,92

2/ H s chm kn Bng 4:

kc=0,884

3/ H s li dng li thp:

kld=kc.k = 0,884.0,92=0,813

4/ H s tng cng tit din gng:

( Bng 6)

T cm trong gng BG=BT/kg=1,6/1,015=1,576

5/ H s quy i t trng tn:

kR=0,95
4

kg=Tg:Tt=1,015

Thit k MBA in lc
6/ T cm khe h khng kh gia tr v gng:
ghp cho BKK = BT / 2 =
7/ Sut tn hao thp

1,6
2

= 1,131(T )

(Bng 45 )

Trong tr
Trong gng

8/ Sut t ho ( Bng50)

Trong tr
Trong gng

1.2.4 Chn cch in :

pT= 1,295(W/kg)
p G =1,251(W/kg)
q T =1,775 (W/Kg)
q G =1,675(W/Kg)

( Bng 18,19)

1. Cch in gia tr v dy qun HA:

a01= 15 (mm)

2. Cch in gia dy qun HA v CA:

a12=27 (mm)

3.cch in gia dy qun CA v CA:

a22=30 (mm)

4. cch in gia dy qun CA n gng :

l02=75 (mm)

5.b dy ng cch in CA v HA

12=5 (mm)

6.Tm chn gi cc pha :

22=3 (mm)

7.u tha ng cch in:

l2=50 (mm)

8. Chiu rng quy i t trng tn:

trong

a1 + a2
= k 4 S ' .10 2
3

aR=a12+1/3(a1+a2)
(Bng 12) k=0,59

a1 + a 2
= 0,59.4 133,33.10 2 = 0,019
3

aR=0,027+0,019=0,047(m)
1.3 Xc nh kch thc ch yu ca MBA:
MBA cn thit k l loi my 3pha 3 tr kiu phng dy qun ng tm (H.4)

Thit k MBA in lc
a1

lo

a22

a01
a2

d
d21

Cc kch thc ch yu ca MBA l:

ng knh tr st:

- Chiu cao dy qun:

ng knh trung bnh gia hai dy qun:

1.3.1

l
d12

Tnh h s kch thc c bn :

H s biu din quan h gia ng knh trung bnh d12 vi chiu cao dy
qun l.
=

.d12
l

chi ph ch to MBA l nh nht, mt khc vn m bo cc ch tiu k thut

ta cn phi tm c gi tr ti u .
Cng sut trn mt tr :

S=U.I

Thnh phn phn khng ca in p ngn mch :

6

Thit k MBA in lc
Ux =
Ux =

7,9.f.I.w..d12 .aR .kr

.10 4 (%)
uv.l

7,9.f.I.w..aR .kr
.10 4 (%)
uv.

Trong :
. I, w:

l dng in v s vng cun dy CA hoc HA

. f =50Hz

tn s li in

.kr=0,95

h s Rogovski

.aR=0,047 m

chiu rng quy i t trng tn

.uv=4,44.f.BT.TT

in p trn mt vng dy

.TT=kld2/4

Tit din tr
2

d
4,44. f .BT .
.u x .10
.
k
ld
4
3

4
u
.
u
.
10
.
10

S ' = uv .w. x v
=
7,9. f .w. .aR .kr
7,9. f .aR .kr

d = 0,507

Rt ra:

S' ..aR .kr

f.ux.B2T .k2ld

Trong biu thc trn ch c thay i trong mt phm vi rng quyt nh ti s

thay i ng knh d
t

A= 0,507 4

S '.a R .k r
133,33.0,047.0,95
= 0,507 4
= 0,176
2
2
f .u x .BT .k ld
50.4,866.1,6 2.0,813 2

tm c ti u, trc ht ta xc nh trng lng tc dng ca MBA

a. Trng lng tc dng ca li st: Li st gm hai phn tr v gng
Trng lng st ca tr : GT = t.TT . Fe .(l + 2.l0 ) = t.
Trong :

+S tr tc dng :

.d

.d
.kld . Fe 12 + 2.l0
4

t=3

3
+T trng st Fe = 7650( Kg / m )

+ng knh trung bnh gia 2 dy qun :

H s :

a=1,4 (Bng13)
7

d 12 =a.d

Thit k MBA in lc
+Khong cch gia cun dy v gng :
d =A.X

Trong :

d12=a.A.X

l 0 = 0,075 (m)

=X 4 ; GT =

A1
+ A2 .X 2 (2-42)
X

A1 = 5,663.10 4 .a. A 3 .k ld
A2 = 3,605.10 4 . A 2 .k ld .l 0

Thay s :

A1 = 5,663.10 4.1,4.0,176 3.0,813 = 351,401( Kg )

A2 = 3,605.10 4.0,176 2.0,813.0,075 = 68.09( Kg )

Trng lng st gng: cho n gin ta gi thit gng c tit din ch nht :
G G = 2.k G .TT . Fe .((t 1)C + e) = 2.k G .

.d 2
k ld . Fe .((t 1)C + e)
4

C= d12 + a12 + 2.a2 + a22

Trong : +Khong cch gia hai tr :

+Chiu dy cun CA:

a 2 =b.d/2

+Tr s b (Bng 14) :

b = 0,32

+Khong cch cch in :

a12= 0,027(m) ; a22= 0,03(m)

+d =a.A.X
+H s tng cng gng :
Thay vo :

k=1.015

GG = B1. X 3 + B2 . X 2

(2-48)

vi:

B1 = 2,40.10 4 .k G .k ld . A 3 .(a + b + e)
B 2 = 2,40.10 4 .k G .k ld . A 2 .(a12 + a 22 )

Thay s :

B = 2,40.10 4.1,015.0,813.0,176 3.(1,4 + 0,32 + 0,41) = 229,977 ( Kg )

B2 = 2,40.10 4.1,015.0,813.0,176 2.(0,027 + 0,03) = 34,968( Kg )

Trng lng tc dng ca li st MBA :

G Fe = GT + G G =

A1
+ ( A2 + B 2 ). X 2 + B1 . X 3
X

b. Trng lng dy qun ng :

G dq =

k f .Pn

(2-53)

K .2

Trong : .K l hng s ph thuc in tr sut ca dyqun : K Cu =2,4.10-12

8

Thit k MBA in lc
= 0.746.k f .

+mt dng in :

Pn .uv
S .d12

+kf : h s tnh n tn hao ph trong dy qun, trong vch.

Chn

kf=0,94

(Bng 15)

.d 2
Thay d12=a.A.X, uv=4,447.BT.TT ; TT= 4 kld vo ( 2-53)

Trong :

'
C1 = K dq

Gdq =

C1
X2

Sa 2
k f .k ld2 .BT2 . f .U r . A 2

Vi tn s f=50Hz :
C1 = k dq

Sa 2
k f k ld2 BT2U r A 2

C1 = 2,46.10 2

vi dy ng : Kdq=2,46.10-2

400.1,4 2
= 340,39( kg )
0,94.0,813 2.1,6 2.1,15.0,176 2

Khi tnh c trng lng cch in ca dy qun v phn dy qun tng thm
dng iu chnh in p cun CA th trng lng ton b dy qun phi
nhn thm h s k=1,06
C td = C Fe ( GT + G g ) + C dq .k .G dq

Gi thnh vt liu td:

Trong CFe v Cdq tng ng l gi 1kg st lm li v 1kg kim loi ng lm

dy qun k n cc chi ph v ch to li st v dy qun cng nh cc ph
liu khng dng c . Thng biu din gi thnh theo n v quy c vi
cch chn gi thnh 1kg st lm n v.
C td' =

Trong :

C td
A
C
= B1 . X 3 + ( B 2 + A2 ) X 2 + 1 + K dqFe .k . 1
C Fe
X
X
K dqFe =

Cdq
CFe

= 1,84

(2-59)

(Bng 16)

dCtd'
= 0 xc nh tr s X tng ng
o hm CT 2-59 v cho trit tiu:
dX

vi gi thnh vt liu tc dng cc tiu t phng trnh:

X 5 + BX 4 CX D = 0
9

(2-60)

Thit k MBA in lc

2 B + A2 2 (34,968 + 68,09)
B= . 2
= .
= 0,320
3
B1
3
229,977
C=

A1
351,401
=
= 0,509
3B1 3.229,977

D=

2C1
2.340,39
.K dqFe .k =
.1,84.1,06 = 1,924
3B1
3.229,977

Thayvo (2-60):

X5+ 0,320.X4- 0,509.X- 1,924=0

Gii phng trnh trn bng phng php d ta c : X=1,21

Tng ng vi tr s = X 4 = 2,068
So snh vi phm vi tr s cho trong Bng 17

[1,8;2,4]

chn c cn phi cn c vo nhng tham s k thut ca mba thit

k:
1.

Tn hao khng ti:

P0 = k 'f ( pt Gt + pg .Gg )

Trong : + pt ; pg sut tn hao trong tr v gng

Pt = 1,295 (w/kg)
+ kf : h s ph,

(bng 45)

pg=1,251(w/kg)
kf=1,25

(Bng 43) ;

Gt,Gg;theo biu thc (2-42) v (2-48)

2.

Thnh phn phn khng ca dng in khng ti

Q.10 2
Q
iox =
=
(%)
S .103 10 S
Vi Q l cng sut t ho, gn ng tnh bi cng thc :
Q = k 'f' (Qc + Q f + Q )

Trong :
+ k 'f' : h s k n s phc hi t tnh khng hon ton khi li l tn ly
k 'f' = 1,2

+Qc : cng sut tn hao chung ca tr v gng:

Qc=qt.Gt+ qg.Gg

(VA)
10

(2-64)

Thit k MBA in lc
qt ;qg l sut tn hao ca tr v gng: Bng 50

qt=1,775 (VA/kg)
qg=1,675 (VA/kg)

+Qf: cng sut t ho ph i vi gc

Qf = 40 qt.G0 =(VA) 40 .1,775. G0 =71. G0
G0 l trng lng ca mt gc
G0 = 0,486.10 4 k g .k ld . A 3 . X 3 = 0,486.10 4.1,015.0,813.0,176 3. X 3 = 21,74 X 3

+ Q : cng sut t ho nhng khe h khng kh ni gia cc l thp

Q = 3,2q .Tt

(VA) =3,2 .4000 Tt

(2-67)

+ q : sut t ho khe h: bng 50

Tit din tc dng ca ca tr : Tt = 0,785k ld A 3 X 2 = 0,0198 X 2
Trong tnh ton s b c th coi gn ng dng in khng ti i0=i0x
3. Mt dng in trong dy qun:
=

k f . Pn
K .Gdq

0,93.4600
1433,75.1012
1
=
= 42,219.10 6
12
Gdq
Gdq
2,4.10 .Gdq

Trong : + Gdq =

C1
X2

+K=2,4.10-12
+kf=0,93
i vi MBA du Cu 4,5.106 (A/m2)
4. Lc c hc :
Lc hng knh tc dng ln mt trong hai dy qun :
Fr = 0,628(imax . ) 2 . .kr .10 6 = 26.10 2

k n = 1,41.

kn2 .u x .S '
(N )
f .aR

100
100
(1 + e .u R / u X ) = 1,41.
(1 + e .1,15 / 5 ) = 51,38
un
5

Fr = 26.10 2

51,38 2.5.133,33
= 194,712.10 3 ( N )
50.0,047

ng sut ko tc dng ln tit din si dy dn :

11

Thit k MBA in lc
r =

Fr
= M .X 3
2. . .T

Trong :
M Cu = 0,244.10 6.k n .k f .k r .

Pn
4600
= 0,244.10 6.51,38.0,93.0,95.
= 0,206
a. A
1,4.0,176

60( MN / m 2

iu kin :

Lp bng cc i lng :

1,2
1,047
X=4
A1 / X = 351,401 / X
335,63
2
2
A2 . X = 68,09. X
74,64
2
G T = A 1 / X + A 2 .X
410,27
B1 . X 3 = 229.977. X 3
263,952
2
2
B2 . X = 34,968. X
38,332
3
2
G G = B 1 . X + B 2 .X
302,284
G Fe = G T + G G
712,554
p t .G T = 1,295.G T
531,299
p G .G G = 1,251.G G
378,157
P0 = 1,25(p t .G T + p G .G G )1136,82
q T .G T = 1,775.G T
p G .G G = 1,675.G G

1,8
2,4
1,158
1,245
303,46 282,252
91,300 105,54
394,27
387,79
357,117 443,805
48,89
54,201
406,007 498,006
800,277 885,796
510,580 502,188
507,915 623,01
1273,119
1406,498

3,0
1,316
267,022
117,922
384,79
524,145
60,561
584,706
969,496
498,303
731,467
1537,213

3,6
1,377
255,193
129,11
384,300
600,463
66,304
666,767
1051,067
487,670
834,126
1652,245

699,83
680,062
1379,892
33,759
2396,889
0,0266
340,48
4117,261

688,33
834,160
1522,49
41,953
2978.663
0,0307
391,68
4892,833

683,002
979,383
1662,385
49,548
3517,908
0,0343
439,04
5619,333

682,133
1116,832
1798,954
56,762
4030,102
0,0375
480
6309,056

0,822
1,03
1.23
310,488
253,812 219,587
605,452
494,933 428,195
1318,006
1295,21 1313,991
2,4.106
2,65.106
2,85.106

1,40
196,529
382,232
1351,728
3,012.106

1,58
179,503
350,03
1401,97
3,15.106

728,23
506,326
Q C = q T .G T + q G .G G 1234,556
G0 = 21,74. X 3
24,952
Q f = 71.G 0
1771,592
2
TT = 0,0198 . X
0,022
Q = 12800 .TT
281,6
Q = 1,2(Q c + Q f + Q ) 3287,748
i 0 x = Q /(10.S )
G dq = C 1 / X

k dqFe .k .G dq = 1,95.G dq
C 'td = G Fe + k dqFe .k .G dq
= 42,219.10 6. 1 / Gdq

12

Thit k MBA in lc
0,141
0,151
0,211
0,552

r = 0,123.X 3
d = A. X = 0,176. X
d 12 = a.d = 1,4.d
l = .d 12 /

0,191
0,167
0,234
0,408

+Vi gii hn

P0=920 W 2,6

+Vi gii hn

i0=1,5% [1,2;3,6]

0,237
0,179
0,251
0,329

0,280
0,190
0,266
0,279

0,321
0,198
0,277
0,242

+Tr s =2,068 ng vi Ctdmin

Ta chn gi tr =2,068 tho mn tt c cc tiu chun t ra.
1.3 Cc kch thc ch yu :
1/ ng knh tr st :
d = A4 = 0,176.4 2,068 = 0,211(m)

Chn ng knh tiu chun gn nht : dm=0,22

Tnh li tr s m :
4

dm

0,22
d
= dm =
= 2,44
A
0,176

2/ ng knh trung bnh ca rnh du gia hai dy qun :

d12 = d dm + 2.a01 + 2.a1 + a12

+ a1 = k1 .

a1 + a 2
= 1,1.0,019 = 0,021(m)
3

(2-77)
; Trong : k1=1.1 v

a1 + a 2
= 0,019
3

+ a01=1,5 cm
+ a12=2,7 cm
d12 = 22 + 2.1,5 + 2.2,1 + 2,7 = 31,9cm

3/ Chiu cao dy qun :

l=

.d12 .31,9
=
= 41,0516cm
dm
2,44

Tit din thun st ca tr :

2
2
.d dm
.d dm
.0,22 2
TT = k d .k c .
= k ld .
= 0,813.
= 0,038(m)
4
4
4

13

Thit k MBA in lc
in p mt vng dy : u v = 4,44. f .BT .TT = 4,44.50.1,6.0,038 = 13,5(V )
Phn II. Tnh ton dy qun.
2.1 Tnh dy qun HA.
1.

S vng dy mt pha ca dy qun HA:

Trong

U t1

W1 = U
v

+Ut1 l in p trn mt tr ca dy HA:

Ut1 = Uf1 = 230,94 (V)
+Uv = 13,5

(V) -

in p mt vng dy.

230,94

W1 = 13,5 =17,1 18(vng)

Tnh li in p mt vng dy
Uv =

230,94
= 12,83 (V)
18

Cng t cm thc trong tr st l :

Uv

12,83

Bt = 4,44. f .T = 4,44.50.0,038 = 1,5208 (T)

t
2. Mt dng in trung bnh.
S b tnh theo cng thc:

Pn .U v

tb = 0,746.kg. Sd 104 ( A/m2)

12

4600.12,83

tb = 0,746 . 0,93 . 400.0,318 .104 = 2,689 .106 ( A/m2)

3. Tit din vng dy s b:
I t1

I f1

360,844

T 1' = =
=
= 134,216.10-6 (m2) = 134,216 (mm2)
2,689.10 6
tb
tb
Chn kt cu dy qun, da theo Bng 38:
Vi S = 250 KVA ; It = 360,844 (A) ; U1 = 0,4 ( KV)
T 1' = 134,261 (mm2)
14

Thit k MBA in lc
Chn kt cu dy qun hnh xon mch n dy dn bt. ( H.5) . Vi u im
l bn c cao, cch in bo m, lm lnh tt.

hv

Hnh 5.
4. Chiu cao s b mi vng dy:
hv1 =

l1
- hr1
W1 + 4

Trong : + hr1 l kch thc hng trc ca rnh du gia cc bnh dy: Bng
54a: Ly

hr1 = 4(mm)

+ l1: Chiu cao dq HA: l1 = 39,634cm = 0,39634 (m)

+ W1 = 36 (vng)
hv1 =

0,39634
- 0,004 = 0,006m = 6 (mm)
36 + 4

hv1 < 0,0165m ( 16,5mm) do dng dy qun hnh xon mch n.

5. Cn c vo hv1 v T 1' chn dy dn theo Bng 21:
- Chn s si chp song song l : mv1 = 6
- Tit din si dy : 23,4(mm2)
- Kch thc dy dn:

3,8.6,2

b. 4,2.6,6 ; 23,4
15

Thit k MBA in lc
6. Tit din mi vng dy:
T1 = n.v1. Td1 . 10-6 = 6 . 23,4 . 10-6 = 140,4 . 10-6 (m2)
7. Mt dng in thc:
1 =

I1
360,844
= 140,4.10 6 = 2,57 . 106 ( A/m2) = 2,57 (MA/m2)
T1

8. Chiu cao dy qun:

Dy dn hnh xon mch n hon v ba ch, gia cc bnh dy u c rnh
du

a1

hv

hr
hv

l1 = b . 10-3. (W1 + 4 ) +ak. hr1 ( W1 + 3 ) . 10-3

l1 = 6,6. 10-3 ( 36 + 4 ) + 0,95 . 4 ( 36 + 3 ) 10-3 = 0,412 (m)
Trong : + b = 6,6(mm)
+ W1 = 36 (vng)
+ hhr = 4 (mm)
+ k = 0,95: h s k n s co ngt ca tm m sau khi p cht cun dy.
9. B dy ca dy qun:
a1 =

n v1
6
a . 10-3 = . 4,2 . 10-3 =25,2.10-3 = 0,0252 (m)
n
1

Vi dy qun hnh xon mch n

n =1.

10. ng knh trong ca dy qun HA:

D 1' = d + 2a01 = 0,17 + 2. 0,004 = 0,178 (m)
11. ng knh ngoi ca dy qun:
D 1" = D 1' + 2a1 = 0,178 + 2. 0,0252 = 0,228 (m)
12. B mt lm lnh ca dy qun:
'

M1 = 2.t .k .. (D 1 + a1 ) ( a1 + b. 10-3) .W1 (m2)

16

Thit k MBA in lc
+ k : H s k n b mt dy qun b tm dm che khut ly k = 0,75
+ t : S tr tc dng : t =3
M1 = 2.3.0,75.3,142 ( 0,178 + 0,0252) ( 0,0252 + 6,6 .10-3) = 0,091 (m2)
13. Trng lng ng dy qun HA:
Gcu1 =t .
=28 . 3.

D1' .D1"
D ' .D "
W1 .T1 cu = 28 t . 1 1 W1 .T1 . 103
2
2

0,178 + 0,228
.36.140,4.10-6.103 = 86,188(Kg)
2

2.2 Tnh dy qun CA.

1. Chn s iu khin in p: on dy iu chnh nm lp ngoi
cng, mi nc iu chnh c b tr thnh hai nhm trn di dy qun ni tip
vi nhau v phn b u trn ton chiu cao dy qun. (H.7 ) . Ch rng hai
nhm ca on dy iu chnh phi qun cng chiu vi dy qun chnh.
%Um
+5
+2,5
0
-2,5
-5

p (V)
36750
35875
35000
34425
33250

u dy
A
A
A
A
A

X1
X2
X3
X4
X5

A
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
2. S vng dy ca cun CA ng vi p m :
17

Thit k MBA in lc
Uf2

W2 = W1. U
f1

20,207.103
= 36 .
= 3149,961 3150 (vng )
230,940

3. S vng dy ca mt cp iu chnh p:
Wc = 0,025. W2m = 0,025 . 3150 = 78,75 79 (vng )
4. S vng dy tng ng cc u phn p:
+ Cp [+5%Um]: 36750 (V) : W2 = W2m = 3150 + 2.79 = 3308(vng)
+ Cp [+2,5%Um]: 35875(V) : W2 = W2m + Wc = 3150 + 79 = 3229 (vng)
+ Cp Um: 35000(V) : W2 = W2m = 3150
+ Cp [-2,5%Um]:34425(V)
W2 = W2m - Wc = 3150 2 . 79 = 2992(vng)
5. Mt dng in s b:
2 = 2tb - 1 = 2 . 2,689 . 106 - 2,577 . 106 = 2,808 . 106 (A/m2)
6. Tit din dy dn s b:
I2

4,124

T '2 = 10 6 = 2,808.106.10 6 = 1,469(mm2)

2
7. Chn kiu dy qun:
Theo bng 38: Vi S =250 (KVA) ; It2 = 4,124(A) ; U2 = 35(KV)
+ T '2 = 1,469(mm2)
Chn kt cu dy qun kiu: hnh ng nhiu lp dy dn trn. u im: Cng
ngh ch to n gin , nhc: Tn nhit km, bn c khng cao.
8. Chn dy dn:Bng 20: Chn dy

1,4

b 1 . 1,8 . 1,54

9. Tit din ton phn ca mi vng dy:

T2 = nv2.Td2.10-6 = 1,54.10-6(m2)
10. Mt dng in thc:
I2

4,124

2 = T = 1,54.10 6 = 2,678.10-6 (A/m2) = 2,678 (MA/m2)

2

18

Thit k MBA in lc
11. S vng dy trong mt lp:

W12 =

l 2 .10 3
n v 2 .d 2'

0,412.103
-1=
-1=
1.1,8

W2

3150

228(vng)
Trong ly l2 = l1 = 0,412(m)
12. S lp ca dy qun:

n12 = W =
= 14 (lp)
288
12

13. in p lm vic gia hai lp k nhau:

U12 = 2W12. Uv = 2. 228 . 6,415 = 2925,240(V)
14. Chiu dy cch in gia cc lp:
Bng 26: + S lp giy cp: 4 lp
+ Chiu dy mt lp giy cp: 0,12(mm)
Chiu dy cch in gia cc lp: 12 = 4. 0,12 = 0,48mm
15. Phn phi s vng dy trong cc lp, chia t lp:
+ Do s lp ca dy qun c lm trn thnh s nguyn n12 = 14 (lp) nn s
vng dy trong mi lp khng ng bng w12 ( 228 vng).
Ta phn phi 12 lp trong c s vng dy l W12 = 228vng cn 2 lp ngoi
cng c s vng dy t hn:
w12 = ( 3150 -12. 228 )/2 = 207(vng)
+ tng iu kin lm mt, phn dy qun CA thnh hai t lp gia hai t c
rnh du dc trc a22
T lp trong : C s lp n =5 lp
T lp ngoi: C s lp m = n12 - n = 14 - 5 = 9 (lp)
Kch thc rnh dy: Bng 54 : a22 = 5(mm)
16. Chiu dy dy qun CA:
a2 = [ d 2' (n + m) + 12 [ (n 1) + (m 1)] + a22' ] .10-3
'

Trong : + d 2 = 1,8 mm , m = 9 , n =5
+ 12 = 4. 0,12 = 0,48 (mm)

'

, a 22 = 5(mm)
19

Thit k MBA in lc
a2 = [1,8(5 + 9) + 0,48[ (5 1) + (9 1)] + 5].10 3 = 36.10-3 (m)
Vi in p 35 KV ta b tr thm mn chn tnh in bng kim loi dy 0,5mm
( ni in vi dy qun cao p) lp trong cng ca cun CA. Mn chn c
cch in hai pha bng cch in lp nn chiu dy cun CA s l:
a2 = [ a2' + ( c + 21 ].103 = [ 36 + ( 0,5 + 2.0,48) ].103 = 37,5.103 (m)
+ c = 0,5mm
+ 1 = 12 = 0,48(mm)
y ch l kch thc hnh hc cun dy, cn khi tnh s tn th ly gi tr
a2 = 36. 10-3(m) v lc coi rnh du c tng ln:
a 12' = ( a12 + c + 2 1). 10-3
= ( 27 + 0,5 + 2. 0,48) 10+-3 = 28,5. 10-3(m)
17. ng knh trong ca dy qun CA :
D '2 = D"1 + 2.a12 .10 3 = 0,228 + 2.27.10 3 = 0,282(m)

18. ng knh ngoi ca dy qun CA :

D"2 = D '2 + 2.a2 = 0,282 + 2.37,5.10 3 = 0,357 (m)

19. Khong cch gia hai tr cnh nhau:

C = D"2 + a22 .10 3 = 0,357 + 20.10 3 = 0,377 (m)

20..B mt lm lnh ca dy qun :

M 2 = 1,5.t.k . .( D ' 2 + D"2 ).l2 = 1,5.3..0,88. .(0.282 + 0,357 ).0,412 = 3,275(m 2 )

Trong k= 0,88 : h s tnh n b mt lm lnh b cc chi tit cch in che

khut
21.Trng lng ng ca dy qun CA:
GCu 2 = 28.t.

D ' 2 + D"2
0,282 + 0,357
.w2 dm .T2 .10 3 = 28.3.
.3150.1,54.10 6.103 = 130,191( Kg )
2
2

Hai cun dy Iu chnh c trng lng :

Gd / c = 0,05.GCu 2 = 0,05.130,191 = 6,51( Kg )

20

Thit k MBA in lc
Phn III: Tnh ton ngn mch
3.1. Tn hao ngn mch:
Tn hao ngn mch ca Mba hai dy qun l tn hao khi ngn mch mt dy
qun cn dy qun kia t vo iu p ngn mch Un cho dng in trong c
hai dy qun u bng nh mc .
3.1.1. Tn hao chnh:
Pcu = I2.R =

L tn hao ng trong dy qun:

2 .T 2 . .l.10 6
= 2 (T.l). .10-6
T

Pcu = 2(T.l. d).

, 10-6 = 2,4m 10-12 . 2. Gcu (4-3)

d

Trong : + : Mt dng in (A/m2)

+ 1 = 2,570. 106(A/m2)
+2 = 2,678 . 106 (A/m2)
+ T tit din dy ng: (m2)
+ l chiu di dy dn (m)
+ d: T trng dy dn d = 8900kg/m3
+ : in tr sut ca dy dn 750C
= 0,02135 m
+ Gcu : Trng lng ng dy qun:
+ Dy qun HA: Gcu = 86,188(kg)
Pcu = 2,4 . 10-12. 2,572. 1012 . 86,188 1366,231(W)
- Dy qun CA:

Gcu2 = 130, 191 (kg)

Pcu2 = 2,4 . 10-12. 2,6782 .1012.130,191

= 2240,855(W)
Vy tn hao ng:
Pcu= Pcu1 + Pcu2 = 1366,231 + 2240,855 = 3607,086 (W)
3.1.2. Tn hao ph trong dy qun:
21

Thit k MBA in lc
Tn hao ph thng c ghp vo tn hao chnh bng cch thm h s k f vo
tn hao chnh:
Pcu + Pf = Pcu. kf.
Trong kf ph thuc vo kch thc hnh hc ca dy dn v s sp xp ca
dy dn trong tn tht tn.
- Trong dy qun HA:
+ S thnh dn song song vi t thng tn: m = 36
kf1 = 1 + 0,095 . 108 .2a4.n2
Trong :

6,1.10 3.36.0,95
b.m
+=
kr =
= 0,506
l
0,412

+ b = 6,1(mm)
+ a = 3,7(mm)
kf1 = 1 + 0,95.108 ( 0,506)2 . ( 3,7)4. 10-12 . 62 = 1,0164
Trong dy qun CA.
kf2 = 1 + 0,044. 108 2.d4.n2
Vi : n = 14
d = 1,3(mm)
m = 288

d.m
1,3.10 3.288.0,95
=
.kr =
= 0,683
l
0,412

kf2 = 1 + 0,44. 108(0,683)2 . 1,32.10-12.142 = 1,001

Dy qun HA l dy qun hnh xon c s si ghp song song l 6 do cn
c tn hao ph gy nn bi dng in phn b khng u gia cc dy ghp
song song v hon v khng hon ton.

22

Thit k MBA in lc

n
2 3

5 6

kfhv1 = 1 + 0,53 . 10-2.2 ( )2.a4(n4 20n2 + 64)

cu

50
. 3,74.10-12(64 20. 62 + 64)
kfhv1 = 1 + 0,53. 10 (0,506) .
0,02135
-2

kfhv1 = 1,001
3.1.3. Tn hao chnh trong dy dn ra:
Pr = 2,4. 10-12.2.Gr
1. i vi dy qun HA:
- Chiu di dy dn ra HA: lr1 = 7,5l = 7,5. 0412 = 3, 090(m)
-

Trng lng ng dy dn ra HA:

Gr1 = lr1.Tr1. = 3,09 . 140,4. 10-6. 8900 = 3,861(kg)

- Tn hao trong dy dn ra HA:
23

Thit k MBA in lc
Pr1 = 2,4 . 10-12. 2,572. 10-12 . 3,861 = 61,206(W)
2. i vi dy qun CA:
- Chiu di dy dn ra CA
lr2 = 7,5.l = 7,5. 0,412 = 3,090 (m)
- Trng lng ng dy dn ra CA:
Gr2 = lr2.Tr2. cu = 3,09 . 1,54.10-6. 8900 = 0,042(kg)
- Tn hao trong dy dn ra CA:
Pr2 = 2,4 . 10-12. ( 2,678)2 . 1012. 1,042 = 0,729 (W)
3.1.4. Tn hao trong vch thng v cc chi tit kim loi khc:
Do mt phn t thng tin khp mch qua vch thng du, cc x p gng, cc
bulng...., nn pht sinh tn hao trong cc b phn ny.
Pt = 10.k.s
Trong h s k tra theo bng 40a: k = 0,015
Pt = 10 . 0,015 . 250 = 37,5 (W)
3.1.5. Nh vy ta c tn hao ngn mch ca mba l:
Pn = Pcukf1 + Pcu2kf2 + Pr1 + Pr2 + Pt
Pn = Pcu1 ( kf1 + kfhv1 1 ) + Pcu2kf2 + Pr1 + Pr2 + Pt = 1366,231( 1,0164 + 1,001
1) +

+2240,855. 1,001 + 61,206 + 0,729 + 37,5 = 3732,534

(W)
So snh vi s liu cho :

3732,534
.100 = 100,879%
3700

Nu k c dy qun iu chnh ( khi 100,05Um)

Pn = 3732,534 + 0,05 ( 2240,855.1,001) = 3844,689(W)
3.2. Xc nh in p ngn mch:
3.2.1. Thnh phn in p ngn mch tc dng.
U nr

rn .I dm

rn .I dm m

n
Unr = U .100 = U .100 =
.100=
100
U
I
.
m
S
.
1000
dm
dm
dm. dm

Unr =

Pn
3732,534
=
= 1,439 (%)
10.S
10.250
24

Thit k MBA in lc
3.2.2. Tnh thnh phn in p ngn mch phn khng:
X n I dm

unx = U .100 =
dm
Trong :

+ =

7,9. f .s'. .ar .kr

.10 1 %
U v2

d12
l

+d12 = d m + 2a01 + 2a1 + a12 = 0,17 + 2.0,004 + 2.0,0252 + 0,027 = 0,255 (m)
0,255

+ = 3,142 . 0,412 = 1,944

+ar = a12 + 1/3(a1 + a2) = 0,027 + 1/3 ( 0,0252 + 37,5 . 10-3) = 0,048(m)
+kr = 1 - ( 1 e1/6)
+ =

a12 + a1 + a2 0,027 + 0,0252 + 0,0375

=
= 0,069
.l
3,142.0,412

+kr = 1 0,069 ( 1 e-1/0,069) = 0,931

Unx =

7,9.50.83,333.1,944.0,048.0,931
. 10-1 = 6,949%
6,415 2

3.2.3. in p ngn mch ton phn:

Un = 6,949 2 + 1,4932 = 7,107%
Sai lch ln hn so vi tiu chun :

7,107 6,8
.100 = 4,5%
6,8

Nh vy sai s nm trong phm vi 5% t yu cu.

3.3. Lc c hc ca dy qun:
Khi mba b s c ngn mch th dng in ngn mch s rt ln, n khng
nhng lm tng nhit my m cn gy lc c hc ln nguy him i vi dy
qun mba.
3.3.1. Dng in ngn mch cc i.
1.Tr s hiu dng ca dng in ngn mch xc lp:
I dm

4,124

In = U 100 = 7,107 .100 = 58,027 (A)

n
2. Tr s cc i ( xung kch) ca dng in ngn mch:
25

Thit k MBA in lc
imax = 2 I n (1 + e .u nr / u nx )
imax = 58,027. 2 .(1 + e .1, 493 / 6,949 ) = 123,846( A)

3.3.2. Tnh lc c hc khi ngn mch:

Lc c hc sinh ra do tc dng ca dng in trong dy qun vi t thng tn.
- Lc hng knh: Do t trng tn dc tc dng vi dng in gy nn
Fr = Btbimax. W. lv = 0 ,628 (imax.W)2 . k r . 10-6

( 4- 34)

Fr = 0,628. ( 123,846 . 3150)2. 1,944. 0,931. 10-6 = 172978N

Lc Fn i vi hai dy qun l trc i nhau ( H.9 ) c tc dng p ( hay nn)
dy qun trong v c tc dng trng ( bung) i vi dy qun ngoi.

- Lc chiu trc Ft do t trng tn ngang tc dng vi dng in sinh ra.

Ft = Fr .

0,048
ar
= 172978 .
= 10076 (N)
2.0,412
2l

Lc Ft c tc dng nn c hai dy qun theo chiu trc v F t s t gi tr ln

nht gia dy qun.
3.3.3. Tnh ton ng sut ca dy qun:
1. ng sut do lc hng knh gy nn:
-

ng sut nn trong dy qun HA: Do lc nn Fnr gy nn

26

Thit k MBA in lc
Fnr =

172978 .10 6
Fn
F .10 6
F .10 6
nr1 = nr
= r
=
= 5,447 (MPa)
2
TW
2.T.W 2.3,142.140,4.10 6 .36

- ng sut nn hoc ko trong dy qun CA:

nr2 =

172978 .10 6
= 5,675(MPa)
2.3,142.1,54.10 6.3150

So snh vi gi tr tiu chun: nr 30MPa

5,675
.100 = 18,9%
30

ng sut nn cho php.

2. ng sut do lc chiu trc gy nn:

-

Lc chiu trc ch yu l lc nn, n lm hng nhng ming m cch

in gia cc vong dy. ( H .10)

Fn = Ft = 10076
n =

10076 .10
Fn .10 6
=
= 1,25 MPa
8.25,2.40.10 6
n.a.b

27

Thit k MBA in lc
Trong :

+n : S ming m theo chu vi vng trn dy qun, n=8 (Bng

30)
+a, b:kch thc ming m
Chn

+ B rng tm m b = 40 (mm)
+ B rng tm m a = 25,2(mm)

Phn IV: tnh ton cui cng v h thng mch t v tham s khng ti
ca m.b.a
4.1 Tnh ton kch thc li st :
1. Ta chn kt cu li thp kiu 3 pha , 3 tr , l thp ghp xen k lm bng
tn cn lnh m hiu 3404 dy 0,35 mm c 4 mi ni nghing 4 gc . p tr
dng nm g sut gia ng giy baklit vi tr . Gng p bng x p vi bu
lng sit ra ngoi gng
S bc , chiu dy cc tp l thp v kch thc cc tp l thp tra theo Bng
41a : vi d = 0,17 m
Th

Tr

(mm)

Gng ( Trong 1/2 Tt )

tp
1
160 28
2
145 17
3
130 10
4
110 10
5
85 8
6
50 8
- S bc thang trong tr nT = 6

160 28
145 17
130 10
110 10
85 16

- S bc thang trong gng nG = 5

- Chiu rng tp l thp gng ngoi cng

aG = 85 mm

- H s chm kn hnh trn ca bc thang tr

kc = 0,927

- Din tch tit din ngang cc bc thang ca tr v gng ( Bng 42a )

28

Thit k MBA in lc
TbT = 208,5cm2
Tb = 214,1cm2

- Th tch gc mch t :

V0 = 2908 cm3

2. Xc nh tit din tng cc bc thang trong tr :

29

Thit k MBA in lc
TbT = aT .bT .10 6 = 208,5cm2

3. Tit din tc dng ca tr st :

TT = k d .TbT

Trong k l h s in y k = 0,92 ( Bng 10 )

TT = 0,92.208,5 = 191,82cm2

4. Tit din tng cc bc thang ca gng :

TbG = aG .bG .106 = 21410 mm2

5. Chiu dy gng :
bG = bT .103 = ( 28 + 17 + 10 + 10 + 8 + 8).2 = 0,162 m

6. Tit din tc dng ca gng :

TG = kd .TbG = 0,92.214,1 = 196,972cm2

7. Chiu cao tr st :
l T = l + ( l 0 '+l 0 ' ')

Trong : l0' v l0'' l khong cch t dy qun n gng trn v gng di

v bng

0,075 m
lT = 0,412 + 2.0,075 = 0,562 m

8. Khong cch gia hai tr cnh nhau :

C = D 2 ' '+a 22 .10 3 = 0,357 + 0,02 = 0,377 m
9. Trng lng st ca tr v gng :
- Trng lng st 1 gc ca mch t : l phn chung nhau ca tr v gng ,
gii hn bi hai mt trc vung gc nhau
G 0 = k d .V 0 . .10 6

Trong : V0 l th tch gc mch t

= 7650 ( Kg/m3 ) :

L t trng thp

G0 = 0,92.2908 .10 6.7650 = 20,467 Kg `

30

Thit k MBA in lc
Trng lng st gng :

Gm hai phn :

Phn gia hai tr bin :

GG ' = 2.( t 1).C.TG . = 2.(3 1).0,377.196,972.7650 .10 4 = 227,231Kg

Phn gng gia cc gc :

GG ' ' = 4.

G0
= 2.G0 = 2.20,467 = 40,934 Kg
2

Trng lng st ton phn ca gng :

GG = GG '+GG ' ' = 227,231 + 40,934 = 268,165 Kg

Trng lng st tr : Gm hai phn :

Phn tr ng vi chiu cao ca s mch t :
GT ' = t.TT .lT . = 3.191,82.10 4.0,562.7650 = 247,408 Kg

Phn tr ni vi gng :
GT ' ' = t.(TT .a1G . .10 3 G0 ) = 3.(191,82.10 4.0,16.7650 20,467 ) = 9,035 Kg

Trong a1G = 160mm

Trng lng st tr :
GT = GT '+GT ' ' = 247,408 + 9,035 = 256,433 Kg

Trng lng st ton b ca tr v gng :

GFe = GT + GG = 256,433 + 268,165 = 524,608 Kg

4.2 Tnh ton tn hao khng ti , dng in khng ti v hiu sut mba
Khi cp in p xoay chiu nh mc c tn s nh mc vo cun dy s cp
v th cp h mch , gi l ch khng ti .
1. Tn hao khng ti : Ch yu l tn hao trong l thp silic .
P0 = k f .( p T .GT + p G .GG )

Trong : sut tn hao pT , pG ph thuc vo t cm BT , BG , m hiu v

chiu dy l thp :
BT =

uV .10 4
6,415.10 4
=
= 1,506T
4,44. f .TT 4,44.50.191,82
31

Thit k MBA in lc
BG = BT .

TT
191,82
= 1,506.
= 1,467T
TG
196,972

Tit din khe h khng kh mi ni nghing :

Bkn =

BT 1,506
=
= 1,065T
2
2

Tra bng 45 :
Vi BT = 1,506 T pT = 1,11 (W/Kg) ; pK = 858,4 (W/m2)
Vi BG = 1,467 T pG = 1,044 ( W/Kg) ; pK = 810,4 (W/m2)
Vi Bkn = 1,065 T pKN = 398,6 (W/m2)
i vi mch t phng , ni nghing 4 gc , tr gia ni thng , li st
khng t l , tn c sau khi ct v c kh bavia :
p + pG

P0 = k pc .k pp . p T .GT + p G .(GG ' N .G 0 ) + T

.G 0 .k p 0 + p K .n K .TK .k pG .k pe .k pt
2

Trong :
+ N: S lng gc ni ca mch t

N=4

+ kp0 = 10,18

l h s k n tn hao ph cc gc ni mch t ( Bng 47 )

+ kPG = 1

l h s tn hao ph gng

+ kPT = 1,01

l h s tn hao do tho lp gng trn ( lng dy)

+ kPE = 1,02

l h s tn hao do p tr ai

+ kPC = 1,05

l h s k n tn hao do ct dp l tn

+ kPB = 1

l h s k n tn hao gp mp hoc kh bavia

+ nK :

S khe ni gia cc l thp trong mch t .

Thay s :
1,11 + 1,044

P0 = 1,05.1.1,11.256,443 + 1,044.(227,231 4.20,467 ) +

.20,467.10,18 +
2

+ (4.398,6. 2 .191,82.10 4 + 1.858,4.191,82.10 4 + 2.810,4.196,972.10 4 ) .1.1,02.1,01 =

= 813,934( W )
32

Thit k MBA in lc
Sai lch so vi tiu chun :

813,934 820
820

.100 = 0,74%

2. Dng in khng ti :
Thnh phn tc dng ca dng in khng ti:
i0 R % =

P / m.U f
I0R
.100 = 0
S / m.U
If
f

.100 = P0 .100 = 813,934 = 0,326%

S
250.10

Theo Bng 50 , ta tm c sut t ho :

Vi BT = 1,506 T , qT = 1,375 ( VA/Kg) , qKT =17008 (VA/m2)
Vi BG = 1,467 T , qG = 1,241 (VA/Kg) , qKG = 14884 (VA/m2)
Vi Bkn = 1,065 T , qKN =1975 (VA/m2)
Vi li st kiu tr phng , lm bng thp cn lnh c p tr v gng bng ai
, khng c bulng xuyn li :

qt + q g

Q0 = k ig . k ie .k it k ib .k ic .q t Gt + q g (G g' N .G 0 ) +
.k ir .k io .G 0 + + q k . n k .Tk
2

= 1,00.1,04.1,01.[1,00.1,18.[1,375.256,433 + 1,241( 227,231 4.20,467 ) +

+

1,375 + 1,241
.1,433.41,745.20,467 ] + (4.1975 .271,274 + 1.17008 .191,82 +
2

+ 2.14884 .196,972).10 4

Trong :

] = 3829,289 (VA)

N=4

TK = 2TT = 2.191,82 = 271,274cm2 vi mi ghp nghing

TK = TG = 196,972cm2 ( Gng )
TK = TT = 191,82cm2 Vi mi ghp thng tr

+kib = 1 :

H s k n nh hng ca vic ct gt bavia

+kic = 1,18 : H s k n nh hng ca vic ct dp l thp

+kir = 1,433 : H s k n nh hng do chiu rng l tn cc gc mch t
+kig = 1 :

H s lm tng cng sut t ho gng

kie = 1,04 :

H s k n nh hng ca vic p mch t

33

Thit k MBA in lc
kit = 1,01 : H s k n s tng cng sut t ho do tho lp gng trn cho
dy qun vo tr
ki0 = 41,745 : H s chung ( Bng 53 )
Thnh phn phn khng ca dng in khng ti :
i0 x % =

Q0
3829,289
=
= 1,532%
10.S
10.250

Dng in khng ti tng :

i0 % = i02x + i02r = 1,532 2 + 0,326 2 = 1,566%`

Nh hn so vi dng in khng ti tiu chun.

Tr s :
I 0 X = 360,844.
I oR = 360,844.
I 0 = 360,844.

1,532
= 5,528 (A)
100

0,326
= 1,176 (A)
100

1,566
= 5,615 (A)
100

3.Hiu sut ca mba khi ti nh mc :

P0 + Pn
813,934 + 3844,689

.100 = 1
= 1
.100 = 98.2%
250000 + 813,934 + 3844,689
Pdm + P0 + Pn

Phn V : Tnh ton nhit

5.1 Tnh ton nhit ca dy qun :
1. Nhit chnh trong lng dy qun hay l st vi mt ngoi ca n:
0 =

-Dy qun HA: dy ch nht :

q.
cd

Trong :
+ l chiu dy cch in mt phi ca dy dn :
34

Thit k MBA in lc
1 = 0,2.10 3 m

+ cd : Sut dn nhit ca lp cch in ca dy dn

Bng 54 : cd = 0,17 (W/m 0C)
+q: Mt dng nhit trn b mt dy qun HA :
q1 =

Hay q1 =

pCu .k f
M

107..I . b .k f
k (b'+ aK )

.10 10 ( W/m2)

Trong :
+Wb = 1 s vng dy trong mt bnh dy
+k = 0,75 h s che khut b mt lm lnh
+ aK = 0,0252 m kch thc hng knh ca dy qun
+b' = 6,6.10-3
+kf = 1,0164
q1 =

107.2,57.106.360,844.1.1,0164 10
.10 = 442,876 W/m2
0,75. 6,6.10 3 + 0,0252

01 =

442,876.0,2.10 3
= 0,498 0 C
0,17

- dy qun CA: dy dn trn:

P.a 2
0 = 0,28
tb

Trong : + a= 0,0375 (m) l chiu dy dy qun

+p l tn hao trong mt n v th tch dy qun :

2 .d 2
p = 1,68 '
.10 8 (W/m 3 )
'
(d + l ).d
+d=1,4.10 3 (m)
+d=1,8.10 3 (m)
3
+ l = 0,48.10 (m)

35

Thit k MBA in lc

2,678 2.1012..1,4 2. .10 6

p =1,68
.10 8 = 575,4 (W/m 3 )
3
3
(1,8 + 0,48).10 .1,8.10
. 1 (d ' + l )
+ tb =
:
. l + 1 .d '
1 = 0,17

dn xut nhit trung bnh

(W/m 0 C)

0,454.0,17.(1,8 + 0,48).10 3
tb =
= 0,336 (W/m 0 C)
3
3
0,454.0,48.10 + 0,17.1,8.10
575,4.0,0375 2
02 = 0,28.
= 6,743 0 C
0,336
Mt dng nhit trn b mt ca dy qun CA:

q2 =

PCu 2 .k f 2 2240,855.1,001
=
= 684,915 (W/m 2 )
M2
3,275

2. Nhit chnh gia mt ngoi dy qun i vi du :

-Dy qun HA :

0 d1 = k 1 .k 2 .k 3 .0,35.q 10, 6 (6-10b)

Trong : + k 1 = 1,0 khi lm lnh t nhin bng du.

+ k 2 = 1,1 i vi dy qun trong (HA)
+ k 3 = 0,85 (Bng 55) khi

h r / a = 4 / 25,2 = 0,159

0 d1 = 1,0.1,1.0,85.0,35.442,876 0, 6 = 12,666 0 C
-Dy qun CA :
0 d 2 = k .q20, 6 = 0,285.684,9150,6 = 14,329 0 C

3. Nhit chnh trung bnh ca dy qun i vi du :

0
Dy qun HA: 0 dtb = + 0 d1 = 0,498 = 12,666 = 13,164 C
01

Dy qun CA:

2
2
0 dtb = 02 + 0 d 2 = .6,743 + 14,329 = 18,824 0 C.
3
3

5.2 Tnh ton nhit ca thng du :

1. Chn loi thng :
36

Thit k MBA in lc
Theo bng 57 ta chn kt cu thng vch phng c ng lm lnh cong.
2. Cc kch thc ti thiu bn trong thng

- Khong cch t dy dn ra ca dy qun CA n dy qun CA :

s1 = 40 (mm) (Bng 31) vi

U th 2 = 85 KV, bc cch in 4(mm)

- Khong cch t dy dn ra n vch thng du :

s 2 = 42 (mm) (Bng 31) vi U th 2 = 85 KV ,bc cch in 4 (mm)

-Khong cch t dy dn ra HA n dy qun CA :
s 3 = 90 (mm) (Bng 32)
-Khong cch t dy dn ra HA n vch thng

s 4 = 25 (mm) (Bng 31)

- ng knh dy dn ra khng bc cch in ca dy qun HA:

d 2 = 10 (mm)
- ng knh dy dn ra c bc cch in ca dy qun CA:

d1 = 25 (mm)
- Khong cch gi dy qun cao p v vch thng :
s 5 = s 3 + d 2 + s 4 = 90 + 10 + 25 = 125 (mm)
- Chiu rng ti thiu ca thng
37

Thit k MBA in lc

B = D '2' + (s1 + s 2 + d1 + s 3 + s 4 + d 2 ).10 3

= 0,357 + (40 + 42 + 25 + 90 + 25 + 10).10 3 = 0,59
Ly B =0,6
- Chiu di ti thiu ca thng :

A = 2.C + D"2 + 2.s 5 .10 3

= 2.0,377 + 0,357 + 2.125.10 3 = 1,360 (m)
- Chiu cao rut my :
H1=lt+2.hg+n.10=0,562+2.0,16+40.10=0,93 (m)
Trong : + n lchiu dy tm lt di gng di : n=40 mm
+chiu cao tr:

lt=0,412+2.0,075=0,562 (m)

+chiu cao gng hg=0,160 m

- Chiu cao ti thiu t gng trn n np thng : H2
Theo bng 58 ly H2= 400 mm= 0,4 m
Khi b iu chnh in p t nm ngang gia gng trn v np thng.
- Chiu cao thng :

H=H1+H2=0,93+0,4=1,33(m)

3. Din tch b mt bc x v i lu ca thng du :

- Nhit chnh trung bnh cho php ca du i vi khng kh cho dy qun
nng nht CA :

dk = 60 18,824 = 41,176 0 C

- Nhit chnh ca lp du trn so vi khng kh :

1,2.( dt + tk ) = 1,2. dk = 1,2.41,176 = 49,4 0 C < 50 0 C

- Nhit chnh trung bnh ca vch thng i vi khng kh :
tk= dk- dt=41,176-6=35,1760C
Trong : ly nhit chnh ca du i vi vch thng dt=60C
- Chn s dy ng l mt dy (Bng 60)
- Bn knh cong ca cc ng ly

R= 0,15(m)

38

Thit k MBA in lc

- Chn loi ng trn ng knh 30/27 mm dy 1,5 mm

- Khong cch gia hai ng cnh nhau (bc ng) : t=50 mm (Bng 60)

- Ly on ng

a=50 mm

- Khong cch gia hai tm ng :

b = H- (c+e).10-3=1,33 - (60+70).10-3=1,2 (m)
Trong cc khong cch

c = 60 mm , e =70 m (Bng 61)

-Chiu di khai trin ca ng :

l = b + ( .R-2.R+2.a ).10-3= b +( 1,14.R+2.a ).10-3
=1,2 + (1,14.150+2.50 ).10-3 = 1,470 (m)
- s ng trong dy : m=

2(A B) + .B 2.(1,36 0,6) + .0,6

=
= 68
to
0,05

- B mt bc x ca thng :
Mbx=( 2.( A-B )+.B+.( 2.a+2.R+2.t d.(n-1) +d ).10-3 ).H + 0,5.Mn
Trong b mt bc x ca np thng :
0,5.Mn=0,5.( bn(ln- bn) +.bn2/4 ) = 0,5.( (B+2.bv).(A-B)+.(B+2.bv)2/4
Trong : bn=B+2.bv l chiu rng np thng
ln=A+2.bv l chiu di np thng
39

Thit k MBA in lc
bv=0,08 m l chiu rng vnh np thng .

(0,6 + 0,16) 2
0,5.M n = 0,5.((0,6 + 0,16)(1,36 0,6) +
) = 0,52m 2
4
Mbx=( 2.(1,36-0,6)+.0,6+(2.0,05+2.0,15+0,03)).1,33+0,52=4,756 (m2)
- B mt i lu ca thng :

Ml=Mfl.kht+Ml.kh

Trong : h s hnh dng (Bng 56) kht=1,4.1,15 = 1,61

kh=1,61
+B mt i lu ca thng phng v np :
Mfl=(2.(A-B)+.B).H+0,5.Mn=( 2.(1,36-0,6)+.0,6) ).1,33+0,25 =5 (m2)
+B mt i lu ca ng :
Ml=Mm.m.l=0,0942.68.1,47=9,42 (m2)

Ml=5.1,61+9,42.1,61=23,21 (m2)
Trong Mm=0,0942 (m2) l din tch b mt mt mt ng (Bng60)
- B mt i lu ca thng theo tng tn hao :

M 'dl =

1,05. P
1,12.M bx
2,5.1tk, 25

Trong +Tng tn hao :

P = P0 + Pn = 813,934 + 3844,689 = 4659

(W)
+B mt bc x :
Mbx=(2.(A-B)+.B).H.k=(2.(1,36- 0,6)+.0,6).1,33.1,5=6,8 (m2)
Vi k=1,5 (Bng 59) l h s hnh dng thng

M 'dl =

1,05.4659
1,12.6,8 = 15,226 (m2)
1, 25
2,5.35,176

Ta thy Ml >Ml
5.3 Tnh ton cui cng nhit chnh ca dy qun v du :
1.Nhit chnh ca thng du i vi khng kh :

40

Thit k MBA in lc

k ( P0 + Pn )
tk =

2,8.M bx + 2,5.M dl

0 ,8

1,05( 813,934 + 3844,689 )

=

2,8.6,8 + 2,5.23,21

0 ,8

= 27,7 0 C

2. Nhit chnh ca du st vch thng so vi thng :

d.t

k.( P0 + Pn )
= k 1 .0,165.

M dl

0,6

1,05.(813,934 + 3844,689)
= 1.0,165.

23,21

0,6

= 4,1 0C

3. Nhit chnh ca thng du so vi khng kh :

'dk = dt + tk = 4,1 + 27,7 = 31,8 0C

4. Nhit chnh ca lp du trn so vi khng kh :

dk = .( dt + tk ) = 1,2.31,8 = 38 50 0C
5. Nhit chnh ca dy qun i vi khng kh :

0 k = 0 dtb + dk ' = 18,824 + 31,8 = 50,6 < 60 0C

5.4 Trng lng rut my,du v bnh gin du:
1. Trng lng rut my :

G r = 1,2( G dq + G l ) = 1,2.( 222,889 + 524,608) = 897 (Kg)

Trong :
+Trng lng dy qun :

G dq = G Cu1 + G Cu 2 + G d / c = 86,188 + 130,191 + 6,51 = 222,889 (Kg)

+Trng lng li st : G l = G T + G G = 524,608 (Kg)
2. Trng lng du :
-Th tch du trong thng : Vd=Vt-Vr=1,461-0,163=1,298 (m)
Trong :

B2

0,6 2
.1,33 = 1,461 (m3)
+ Vt = A.B + . .H = 1,36.0,6 + .

4
4

41

Thit k MBA in lc
+Th tch rut my :

Vr =

Gr
897
=
= 0,163 (m3) ; Vi r=5500 (Kg/m3)
r 5500

-Trng lng du :

G d = 1,05.[ 0,9.( Vt Vr ) + G do ] = 1,05.[ 0,9.(1,298) + 54] = 58 (Kg)

Trong :
Gd: l trng lng du trong h thng lm lnh : 68 ng ,mi ng di 1,47 m
trng lng 1 mt du trong ng l 0,45 (Kg) (Bng 60)
3.Bnh dn du :
Bnh dn du lm bng thp c chiu dy 2 mm ,c t nm ngang trn np
thng.
Th tch bnh : Vgd = 0,1.Vd = 0,1.1,298 = 0,13 (m)
3
-Chiu di bnh : l gd B + 2.a.10 = 0,6 + 2.0,05 = 0,61 (m)

Ly l gd = 0,6 (m)
4.V

4.0,13

gd
-ng knh bnh dn du : d = .l = .0,6 = 0,53m
gd

========================================

42

Thit k MBA in lc

43