QUYỂN ĐỒ ÁN ĐÈN GIAO THÔNG

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MCH N GIAO THNG DNG H 8051

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MC LC
Trang
LI NI U. 02
A
PHNG N THIT K..
S KHI H THNG MCH N GIAO THNG
II -
PHNG N THIT K
04
THIT K .
07
GII THIU V VK 8051..
07
1.
Cu trc ca VK 8051..
07
2.
Cc nhm lnh ca VK 8051
16
II -
THIT K PHN CNG..
23
1.
Khi Gii m.
23
2.
Khi x l .
25
3.
Khi hin th . ..
27
4.
S nguyn l h thng.
29
5.
S mch in ca h thng.
30
III -
THIT K PHN MM...
31
CHNG TRNH IU KHIN H THNG..............................
NGUYN L HOT NG CA H THNG .. 35
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

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LI NI U
Trong thi i ngy nay khi nhn loi ang tri qua nhng bc tin vt bc v
khoa hc cng ngh, th ngnh in t cng c nhng bc tin quan trng c
bit l trong lnh vc vi iu khin. Cc b vi x l ngy cng pht trin v hon
thin hn,c s dng trong hu ht cc h thng iu khin t ng trong cng
nghip,khoa hc k thut,cng nh trongcc thit b dn dng. Chnh nh vai tr,chc
nng ca vi x l em li nhiu u im, nhiu tnh nng c bit cho cc h thng
iu khin thay th con ngi trong cc cng vic i hi s phc tp v yu cu k
thut cao.
p dng tnh nng c bit ca vi x l vo thc tin,nhm sinh vin
chng em gm cc thnh vin:
1- Nguyn Phng Thnh
2- L Tin Phong
3- Nguyn Huy Yn
Di s hng dn nhit tnh v chu o ca thy gio Nguyn nh Th, nhm
chng em tin hnh nghin cu v hon thnh n vi ti: THIT K MCH
N GIAO THNG S DNG H 8051.
Trong h thng ny nhm em s dng IC AT89S52 l IC iu khin chnh.
Ngoi vic s dng IC 89S52 cn s dng mt s linh kin ph tr khc.

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Mc d c gng nhiu nhng v kinh nghim cha c nhiu v s khc bit gia l
thuyt thc hnh nn trong qu trnh thc hin cn nhiu thiu st. Mong c s
gp chn tnh t thy c v cc bn!
Chng em chn thnh cm n cc thy,cc c gio d nhit tnh gip nhm
em trong thi gian hon thnh n.Cm n cc anh ch sinh vin i trc v cc bn
sinh vin cng ng gp kin, tho lun v gip .
c bit chng em xin chn thnh cm n Thy gio hng dn Nguyn nh
Th,c gio Trn Th Thng nhit tnh hng dn v gip chng em hon
thnh n ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Vinh,ngy 05 thng 09 nm 2010

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A - PHNG N THIT K
I - S KHI H THNG
KHI GII M
-------------------------
KHI IU KHIN
BUS
--------------------------------
IC
( SN 74LS47 )
KHI HIN TH
BUS-
IC
89S52
--------------------------
LED 7 THANH
Hnh 1: S khi ca h thng
II - PHNG N THIT K
Hin nay vic s dng cc mch s kt kp vi chp vi iu khin trong
cc h
thng iu khin t ng tr nn rt ph bin v nhng u vit ca n nh: chnh

xc, kh nng lp trnh c, tc iu khin nhanh, s dng n gin,Mt khc
k thut s, vi x l, vi iu khin l lnh vc ang pht trin mnh m v c ng dng
trong rt nhiu ngnh sn xut. V vy, ta s thit k mt h thng iu khin giao
thng n gin, ch s dng b vi iu khin. Tt c cc tn hiu iu khin u
can khi hin th trc tip t cc cng ca b vi iu khin.
Phng n ny c c im l mch gn nh, khng qu phc tp, cch thc b tr linh
kin d dng, lp trnh n gin, d chnh sa.

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Do ti yu cu:
Thit k mch n giao thng s dng h VK 8051

Nn chng ta s chn :
+ VK AT89S52 ( H VK 8051) lm khi iu khin chnh ca h thng mch

n giao thng.
+ iu khin h thng , ta s dng khi gii m bao gm IC SN
74LS247N.
+
hin th thi gian ta s dng cc Led 7 thanh.
Ngoi ra , ta cn s dng 1 s in tr, t din . transistor.....v 1 s linh kin
ph tr khc

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THIT K
I - GII THIU V VI IU KHIN 8051

1 - CU TRC CA VK 8051
1.1 - S khi v s chn ca VK 8051

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IN T 1
INT0
T imer1
T imer2
Port ni tip
iu khin ngt
C c thanh
ghi khc
128 byte R A M
ROM
4k - 8051
T imer1
T1
T imer0
T0
C PU
M ch dao ng
EA
R ST
C c Port xut/nhp
iu khin B us
P ort ni tip
ALE
P SE N
P0
P2
P1
P3
TX D RX D
a ch/d liu
Hnh 2: S chn ca VK 8051

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40
30pF 19
X TA L1
V CC
12M H z
18
30pF
X TA L2
8051
29
30
31
9
P SE N
ALE
EA
R ST
17
R D P 3 .7
16
W R P 3 .6
15
T 1 P 3 .5
14
T 0 P 3 .4
13
I N T 1 P 3 .3
12
I N T 0 P 3 .2
T X D1 1 P 3 .1
10
R X D P 3 .0
V SS
32
P 0 .7 A
33
P 0 .6 A
34
P 0 .5 A
35
P 0 .4 A
36
P 0 .3 A
37
P 0 .2 A
38
P 0 .1 A
39
P 0 .0 A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
P 1 .7
7
P 1 .6
6
P 1 .5
5
P 1 .4
4
P 1 .3
3
P 1 .2
2
P 1 .1
1
P 1 .0
28
P 2 .7 A
27
P 2 .6 A
26
P 2 .5 A
25
P 2 .4 A
24
P 2 .3 A
23
P 2 .2 A
22
P 2 .1 A
21
P 2 .0 A
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
20
Hnh 3: S chn ca VK 8051

VK 8051 bao gm:
+ CPU 8 bit
+ 4KB Rom b nh chng trnh
+ 128 Byte Ram d liu
+ 2 B nh thi timer 0,1

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+ 1 cng ra ni tip (Seral port)

+ 4 cng xut nhp P0 - P3 (I/O port)8 bit
+ Mch giao tip ni tip
+ Khng gian nh chng trnh ngoI 64K.
+ 210 v tr nh c nh a ch , mi v tr 1 bit
+ B x l bit (thao tc trn cc bit ring l )
+ Mt b iu khin ngt:Interruptcontrol
+ Mt mch dao ng bn trong v mt b iu khin Bus
+ Cc cng P0-P3 l cc cng vo ra hai chiu. Ngoi ra P0 v P2 cn c x
dng truy cp b nh ngoi vi cc chng trnh ng dng ny cng P0
s a ra a ch Byte thp v P2 a ra a ch cao
+ Cng port 3 c hai cng dng :
Khi hot ng ch xut nhp mi mt cng ca P3 c mt chc
nng ring
+ RxD : chn nhp d liu cng ni tip
+ TxD : pht d liu cng ni tip
+ INT : ngt ngoi
+ INT1 : Ng ngoi ca b nh thi khng v ng vo ca b nh thi 1
+ OE : ( outront enable) cho php c cc byte lnh trong thi gian ly lnh
+ Trong thi gian ly lnh tn hiu PSEN=0
Trong thi gian thc hin lnh PSEN=1
+ ALE (address lacht Enable): l tn hiu cht a ch
+ EA : truy xut bn ngoi.
+ 8051 thc hin chng trnh trong Rom ni. Ngoi ra EA c dng
chn nhn in p 21V cho vic lp trnh Eprom
+ RST : (reset) l chn dng thit lp trng thi ban u cho h thng

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+ WR : tn hiu Iu khin ghi nh ngoi

+ RD : tn hiu Iu khin c b nh ngoi
+ PSEN : (Program store Enable) l tn hiu iu khin cho php truy xut b
nh ngoi , tn hiu ny c ni vi OE
1.2 - Chc nng cc chn ca VK 8051
Vcc : chn cp in
Vss : Chn ni t (0 V)
32 chn trong s 40 chn ca 8051 c cng dng xut/nhp, tuy nhin 24 trong
32 ng ny c 2 mc ch (cng dng). Mi mt ng c th hot ng xut/nhp
hoc hot ng nh mt ng a ch/d liu ca bus a ch/d liu a hp.
32 chn nu trn hnh thnh 4 port 8-bit. Vi thit k yu cu mt mc ti thiu
b nh ngoi hoc cc thnh phn bn ngoi khc, ta c th s dng cc port ny lm
nhim v xut/nhp. 8 ng cho mi port c th c x l nh mt n v giao tip
vi cc thit b song song nh my in, b bin i D-A v.v hoc mi ng c th
hot ng c lp giao tip vi mt thit b n bit nh chuyn mch, LED, BJT, FET,
cun dy, ng c, loa,...
Port 0 : Port 0 ( cc chn t 32 n 39 trn 8051 ) c hai cng dng . Trong cc thit k
c ti thiu thnh phn, port 0 c s dng lm nhim v xut/nhp. Trong cc thit
k ln hn c b nh ngoi, port 0 tr thnh bus a ch v bus d liu a hp
( byte
thp ca bus a ch)

Port 1 : Port1 ch c mt cng dng l xut/nhp ( cc chn t 1 n 8 trn 8051 )
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Cc chn ca port 1 c k hiu l P1.0, P1.1,..., P1.7 v c dng giao tip vi

thit b bn ngoi khi c yu cu. Khng c chc nng no na gn cho cc chn ca
port 1, ngha l chng ch c s dng giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi.
Port 2 : Port 2 ( cc chn t 21 n 28 trn 8051 ) c 2 cng dng, hoc lm nhim v
xut/nhp hoc l byte a ch cao ca bus a ch 16 bit cho cc thit k c b nh
chng trnh ngoi hoc cc thit k c nhiu hn 256 bytes b nh d liu ngoi.
Port 3 : Port 3 ( cc chn t 10 n 17 trn 8051 ) c 2 cng dng. Khi khng hot
ng xut/nhp, cc chn ca port 3 c nhiu chc nng ring ( mi chn c chc nng
ring lin quan n cc c trng c th ca 8051 )
Bng sau y cho ta chc nng ca cc chn ca port 3 :
Bit
Tn
a ch bit
Chc nng
P3.0
RxD
B0H
Chn nhn d liu port ni tip
P3.1
TxD
B1H
Chn pht d liu port ni tip
P3.2
INT0
B2H
Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
P3.3
INT1
B3H
Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
P3.4
T0
B4H
Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 0
P3.5
T1
B5H
Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 1
P3.6
WR
B6H
iu khinghi b nh d liu ngoi
P3.7
RD
B7H
iU khin cb nh d liu
ngoi
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Chn cho php b nh chng trnh PSEN :

8051 cung cp cho ta 4 tn hiu iu khin bus. Tn hiu cho php b nh
chng trnh PSEN ( program store enable) l tn hiu xut trn chn 29. y l tn
hiu iu khin cho php ta truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi. Chn ny thng ni
vi chn cho php xut OE ( output enable ) ca EPROM ( hoc ROM ) cho php
c cc file lnh.
Tn hiu PSEN logic 0 trong sut thi gian tm np lnh. Cc m nh phn ca
chng trinh hay opcode ( m thao tc ) c c t EPROM, qua bus d liu v cht
vo thanh ghi lnh IR ca 8051 c gii m.
Khi thc thi mt chng trnh cha trong ROM ni , PSEN c duy tr logic
khng tch cc ( logic 1 ).
Chn cho php cht a ch ALE :
8051 s dng chn 30, chn xut tn hiu cho php cht a ch ALE
( address latch enable ) gii a hp ( demultiplexing ) bus d liu v bus a ch. Khi
port 0 c s dng lm bus a ch/d liu a hp, chn ALE xut tn hiu cht a
ch ( byte thp ca a ch 16 bit) vo mt thanh ghi ngoi trong sut na u ca chu
k b nh ( memory cycle ). Sau khi iu ny c thc hin, cc chn ca port 0 s
xut/nhp d liu hp l trong sut na th hai ca chu k b nh.
Tn hiu ALE c tn s bng 1/6 tn s ca mch dao ng bn trong chip vi
iu khin v c th dng lm xung clock cho phn cn li ca h thng. Nu mch
dao ng c tn s 12 MHz, tn hiu ALE c tn s 2 MHz . Ngoi l duy nht l trong
thi gian thc thi lnh MOVX, mt xung ALE s b b qua. Chn ALE cn c dng
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nhn xung ng vo lp trnh cho EPROM trn chip i vi cc phin bn c

EPROM ny.
Chn truy xut ngoi EA
Ng vo ny ( chn 31 ) c th c ni vi 5 V ( logic 1 ) hoc vi GND
logic 0 ) . Nu chn ny ni ln 5 V, 8051 thc thi chng trnh trong ROM ni

( chng trnh nh hn 4K ). Nu chn ny ni vi GND ( v chn PSEN cng logic
0 ), chng trnh cn thc thi cha b nh ngoi. Nu chn EA logic 0 , ROM ni
bn trong chip c v hiu ho v chng trnh cn thc thi cha EPROM bn
ngoi.
Chn RESET ( RST )
Ng vo RST ( chn 9 ) l ng vo xo chnh ( master reset ) ca 8051 dng
thit lp li trng thi ban u cho h thng hay gi tt l reset h thng. Khi ng vo
ny c treo logic 1 ti thiu 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong ca 8051 c
np cc gi tr thch hp cho vic khi ng li h thng.
Cc chn XTAL1 v XTAL2

Mch dao ng bn trong chip 8051 c ghp vi thch anh bn ngoi hai
chn XTAL1 v XTAL2 ( chn 18 v 19 ). Tn s danh nh ca thch anh l 12 MHz
cho hu ht cc chip ca h MCS-51.
XTAL1 : Ng vo n mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng.
XTAL2 : Ng ra t mch khuch i o ca mch dao ng.
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1.3- B nh trn chip

*
RAM trong:
B vi iu khin 8051 c 128 byte RAM trong bao gm 32 byte u tin (00H n 1FH) dnh
cho cc thanh ghi, 16 byte tip theo (20H n 2FH) l vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, sau
l 80byte RAM nhp.
Vng thanh ghi c 32 byte, chia thnh 4 khi (bank 0 n bank 3),mi khi c 8 thanh ghi
(t R0 n R7).
vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, cc bit c dnh a ch t 00H n 7FH.
Cc thanh ghi chuyn dng (SFRs Special Function Registers):
Cc thanh ghi ny c a ch t 80H n FFH. Chng cha ni
dung ca cc thanh ghi iu khin.
Sau y l mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng:

THANH GHI
CHT CNG Port0
CHT CNG Port1
CHT CNG Port2
CHT CNG Port3
M GI NH
P0
P1
P2
P3
iu khin b nh thi/b m
in khin ch b nh thi/b m
Byte thp b nh thi/b m 0
Byte cao b nh thi/b mo
Byte thp b nh thi/b m 1
Byte cao b nh thi/b m 1
Cho php ngt
iu khin u tin khi ngt
T trng thi chuong trnh
Thanh ghi tch ly
Thanh ghi B
TCON
TMOD
TL0
TH0
TL1
TH1
IF
IP
PSW
ACC(A)
B
A CH
80H
90H
AOH
BOH
88H
89H
8AH
8BH
8CH
8DH
A8H
B8H
D0H
E0H
F0H
Bng 1: Mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng ca vi iu khin 8051
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* ROM:
B vi iu khin AT89S52 c 4KB FLASH lp trnh c.
ROM lun chim vng a ch thp nht trong b nh chng trnh.
1.4-Cc B nh thi/B m:
B vi iu khin 8051 c 2 B nh thi/B m l B nh thi/B m 0 v B
nh thi/B m 1.Chng c th hot ng nh l b nh thi hoc b m.
Ch hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c ct trong thanh ghi TMOD
GATE1 C/T1 M1(1) M0(1) GATE0
C/T0 M1(0) M0(0)
Nu bit GATE xa, cc B nh thi/B m c php hot ng khi bit TR# tng
ng trong thanh ghi TCON thit lp. Ngc li, nu GATE thit lp th cc B nh
thi/B m ch hot ng khi cc chn INT# tng ng tch cc (mc thp).
Bit C/T# dng la chn ch hot ng b m hay b nh thi. Nu c thit
lp th n hot ng theo ch m s kin,lc ny ngun xung cho b m l xung
ngoi a vo t chn T# tng ng (chn 14, 15). Nu b xa,th n hot ng theo
ch nh thi vi ngun xung l xung to ra t b to dao ng trn
chip sau khi chia 12.
Cc bit M0, M1 dng xc dnh ch m cho cc b m:
M1
0
0
M0
0
1
CH
m 13 bit
m 16 bit
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1
1
0
1
m 8 bit v t ng np li
B m 0 m 8bit ring r
B m 1 dng hot ng
Bng 2: Cc ch hot ng ca cc b m
S hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c iu khin bi thanh ghi TCON:

TF1 TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
ITE
IE0
IT0
Cc bit TR# cho php B nh thi/B m hot ng (nu c thit lp) hoc
khng cho php chng hot ng (nu b xa).

Cc bit TF# l cc c trn tng ng vi cc B nh thi/B m. Chng
thit lp khi xy ra trn v c xa bng phn cng nu khi b x l r nhnh n

chng trnh phc v ngt tng ng.
Cc bit IT# l cc bit ngt. Thit lp IT# to ra ch ngt cnh,chn INT# nhn ra
mt ngt khi nhn ra c mt sn m () ca tn hiu vo. Xa IT# to ra ch ngt
mc, tc l ngt c to ra khi tn hiu vo mc thp (0). ch ngt mc, khi tn
hiu vo cn mc thp th ngt c to ra lin tc cho n khi tn hiu vo chuyn
ln mc cao hoc thit lp IT#.
Cc bit IE# l cc c ngt cnh, c thit lp khi d thy ngt cnh.
1.5-iu khin ngt
B vi iu khin 8051 c 5 ngun ngt: TF0, TF1, INT0, INT1 v ngt do cng ni
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tip. S iu khin hot ng ngt c ct trong 2 thanh ghi l thanh ghi cho php
ngt IE (Interrupt Enable) v thanh ghi xc nh th t u tin ngt IP (Interrupt
Priority).
Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IE nh sau (thit lp l cho php,
xa l cm):
BIT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
M GI NH
CHC NNG
EA
Cho ngt ton cc
-Khng dng
ET2
Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2
ES
Cho php ngt do cng ni tip
ET1
Cho php ngt do b m 1
EX1
Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 1
ET0
Cho php ngt do b m
EX0
Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 0
Bng 3: Cc bit v chc nng ca n trong thanh ghi IE
Vi thanh ghi IP:

BIT
M GI NH
7
-6
-5
PT2
4
PS
3
PT1
2
PX1
1
PT0
0
PX0
CHC NNG
Khng dng
Khng dng
u tin ngt do b nh thi 2
u tin ngt do cng ni tip
u tin ngt do b m 1
u tin ngt t bn ngoi 1
u tin ngt do b m 0
u tin ngt t bn ngoi 0
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bng 4: Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IP
2 - CC NHM LNH CA VK 8051

Tp lnh ca 8951 c chia thnh 5 nhm:
-
S hc.
Lun l.
Chuyn d liu.
Chuyn iu khin.
Cc chi tit thit lp lnh:
Rn :Thanh ghi R0 n R7 ca bank thanh ghi c chn.

Data : 8 bit a ch vng d liu bn trong. N c th l vng RAM d liu
trong (0-127) hoc cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
@Ri : 8 bit vng RAM d liu trong (0-125) c nh gi a ch gin tip qua thanh
ghi R0 hoc R1.
#data : Hng 8 bit chc trong cu lnh.
#data 16: Hng 16 bit cha trong cu lnh
Addr16 : 16 bit a ch ch c dng trong lnh LCALL v LJMP.
Addr11: 11 bit a ch ch c dng trong lnh LCALL v AJMP.

Rel: Byte offset 8 bit c du c dng trong lnh SJMP v nhng lnh nhy c iu
kin.
Bit: Bit c nh a ch trc tip trong RAM d liu ni hoc cc thanh
ghi chc nng c bit
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a Nhm lnh s hc
ADD
A,Rn
: cng ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A.
ADD
A,data
(2,1): Cng trc tip 1 byte vo thanh ghi A.
ADD
A,@Ri
(1,1): Cng gin tip ni dung RAM cha ti a ch

c khai bo trong Ri vo thanh ghi A
ADD
A,#data
(2,1):Cng d liu tc thi vo A.
ADD
A,Rn
ADD
A,data
(2,1): Cng trc tip byte d liu v c nh vo A.
ADDC
A,@Ri
(1,1): Cng gin tip ni dung RAM v c nh vo A.
ADDC
A,#data
(2,1): Cng d liu tc thi v c nh vo A.
SUBB
A,Rn
(1,1): Tr ni dung thanh ghi A cho ni dung thanh ghi
(1,1): Cng thanh ghi v c nh vo A.
Rn v c nh.
SUBB
A,data
(2,1): Tr trc tip A cho mt s v c nh.
SUBB
A,@Ri
(1,1): Tr gin tip A cho mt s v c nh.
SUBB
A,#data
(2,1): Tr ni dung A cho mt s tc thi v c nh.
INC
(1,1): Tng ni dung thanh ghi A ln 1.
INC
Rn
INC
data
(2,1): Tng d liu trc tip ln 1.
INC
@Ri
(1,1): Tng gin tip ni dung vng RAM ln 1.
DEC
(1,1): Gim ni dung thanh ghi A xung 1.
DEC
Rn
(1,1): Gim ni dung thanh ghi Rn xung 1.
DEC
data
(2,1): Gim d liu trc tip xung 1
DEC
@Ri
(1,1): Gim gin tip ni dung vng RAM xung 1.
INC
DPTR
(1,2): Tng ni dng con tr d liu ln 1.
(1,1): Tng ni dung thanh ghi Rn ln 1.
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MUL
AB
(1,4): Nhn ni dung thanh ghi A vi ni dung thanh ghi B.
DIV
AB
(1,4): Chia ni dung thanh ghi A cho ni dung thanh ghi B.
DA
(1,1,): hiu chnh thp phn thanh ghi A
ANL
A,Rn
(1,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi ni dung thanh ghi Rn.
ANL
A,data
(2,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi d liu trc tip.
ANL
A,@Ri
(1,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi A vi d liu gin tip

trong RAM
ANL
A,#data
(2,1): AND ni dung thanh ghi vi d liu tc thi.
ANL
data,#data
(2,1): AND mt d liu trc tip vi A.
ANL
C,bit
(3,2): AND mt d liu trc tip vi A mt d liu tc thi.
ANL
C,/bit
(2,2): AND c nh vi 1 bit trc tip.
ANL
data,A
(2,2): AND c nh vi b 1 bit trc tip
ORL
A,Rn
(1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn.
ORL
A,@Ri
(2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu trc tip.
ORL
A,#data
(1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu gin tip.
ORL
data,A
(2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu tc thi.
ORL
data,#data
(2,1): OR mt d liu trc tip vi thanh ghi A.
ORL
C,bit
(3,1) :OR mt d liu trc tip vi mt d liu tc thi.
ORL
C,/bit
(2,2): OR c nh vi mt bit trc tip.
XRL
A,Rn
(2,2): OR c nh vi b ca mt bit trc tip.
XRL
A,data
(1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn.
XRL
A,@Ri
(2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi m d liu trc tip.
XRL
A,#data
(1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mt d liu gin tip.
XRL
data,A
(2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi m d liu tc thi.
SETB
(1,1): t c nh.
20
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SETB
bit
(2,1): t mt bit trc tip.
CLR
(1,1): Xa thanh ghi A.
CLR
(1,1): Xa c nh.
CPL
(1,1): B ni dung thanh ghi A.
CPL
(1,1): B c nh.
CPL
bit
(2,1): B mt bit trc tip.
RL
(1,1): Quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A.
RLC
RR
RRC
SWAP
(1,1): Quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A qua c nh.

(1,1): Quay phi ni dung thanh ghi A.
(1,1): Quay phi ni dung thanh ghi A qua c nh.
( 1,1): Quay tri ni dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble (1/2byte).
b Nhm lnh chuyn d liu

MOV
A,Rn
(1,1):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A.
MOV
A,data
(2,1):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi A.
MOV
A,@Ri
(1,1):Chuyn d liu gin tip vo thanh ghi A.
MOV
A,#data
(2,1):Chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi A.
MOV
Rn,data
(2,2):Chuyn d liu trc tip vo thanh ghi Rn.
MOV
Rn,#data
(2,1):Chuyn d liu tc thi vo thanh ghi Rn.
MOV
data,A (2,2):Chuyn mt d liu gin tip vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV
data,Rn
(3,2):Chuyn mt d liu tc thi vo mt d liu trc tip
MOV
data,data
(1,1):Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi A vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV
data,@Ri
(2,2):Chuyn mt d liu trc tip vo mt d liu gin tip.
MOV
DPTR,#data (3,2):Chuyn mt hng 16 bit vo thanh ghi con tr d liu
MOV
C,bit
MOV
bit,C
(2,1):Chuyn mt bit trc tip vo c nh.

(2,2):Chuyn c nh vo mt bit trc tip.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOV
A,@A+DPTR (1,2): Chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch l

@A+DPRT Vo thanh ghi A.
MOVC
A,@A+PC
(1,2): Chuyn byte b nh chng trnh c a ch

@A+PC vo thanh ghi
MOVX
A,@Ri
(1,2): Chuyn d liu ngoi (8 bit a ch) vo.
MOVX
A,@DPTR
(1,2): Chuyn d liu ngoi (16 bit a ch) vo thanh

ghi A.
PUSH
data
(2,2): Chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v tng SP.
POP
data
(2,2): Chuyn d liu trc tip vo ngn xp v gim SP.
XCH
A,Rn
(1,1): Trao i d liu gia thanh ghi Rn v2 thanh ghi A.
XCH
A,data
(2,1): Trao i gia thanh ghi A v mt d liu trc tip
XCH
A,@Ri
(1,1): Trao i gia thanh ghi A v mt d liu gin tip.
XCHD
A,@R
(1,1): Trao i gia nibble thp (LSN) ca thanh ghi A

v LSN
c Nhm lnh chuyn iu khin

ACALL
addr11 (2,2): Gi chng trnh con dng a ch tuyt i.
LCALL
addr16
(3,2): Gi chng trnh con dng a ch di.
RET
(2,2): Tr v t lnh gi chng trnh con.
RET1
(1,2): Tr v t lnh gi ngt.
AJMP
addr11
(2,2): Nhy tuyt i.
LJMP
addr16
(3,2): Nhy di.
SJMP
rel
(2,2): Nhy ngn
JZ
rel
(2,2): Nhy nu A=0.
22
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JNZ
rel
(2,2): Nhy nu A khng bng 0.
JC
rel
(2,2): Nhy nu c nh c t.
JNC
rel
(2,2): Nhy nu c nh khng c t.
JB
bit,rel
(3,2): Nhy tng i nu bit trc tip c t.
JNB
bit,rel
(3,2):Nhy tng i nu bit trc tip khng c t.
JBC
bit,rel
(3,2): Nhy tng i nu bit trc tip c t , ri xa bit.
CJNE
A,data,rel
(3,2): So snh d liu trc tip vi A v nhy nu khng bng
CJNE
A,#data,rel
(3,2): So snh d liu tc thi vi A v nhy nu khng
CJNE
Rn,#data,rel
(3,2): So snh d liu tc thi vi ni dung thanh ghi Rn

v nhy nu khng bng.
CJNE
@Ri,#data,rel
(3,2): So snh d liu tc thi vi d liu gin tip v

nhy
DJNZ
Rn,rel
(2,2): Gin thanh ghi Rn v nhy nu khng bng.
DJNZ
data,rel
(3,2): Gim d liu trc tip v nhy nu khng bng.
Cc lnh r nhnh
C nhiu lnh iu khin ln chng trnh bao gm vic gi hoc tr li t
con hoc chng trnh chia nhnh c iu kin hay khng c iu kin.
Tt c cc lnh r nhnh u khng nh hng n c. Ta c th nh nhn cn
nhy ti m khng cn r a ch, trnh bin dch s t a ch ni cn nhy ti ng
khu lnh a ra.
23
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II - THIT K PHN CNG

1-Khi gii m (SN74LS247N)
Khi gii m nhn tn hiu iu khin t khi x l, sau gii m a n
hin th trn cc ng h m ngc. Vi chc nng trn th khi ny chnh l khi
gii m cho n LED 7 thanh.
V cc ng h c hin th bng cc n LED 7 thanh nn ta s s dng b gii
m l cc IC 74LS247N. S chn ra v s khi chc nng nh sau:
24
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Hnh 6: S chn ra v s khi chc nng ca IC 74LS247N

Cc u ra (t a n f) ni n cc chn tng ng ca LED 7 thanh. Ta thy cc
u ra u c mc tch cc l mc thp. Do , loi LED 7 thanh cn s dng l loi
Anode chung. LED 7 thanh s ghp ni vi IC ny theo bng chn l sau:
25
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Bng 5: Bng chn l ca IC 74LS247N
26
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2.Khi x l
Khi x l gm 1 b vi iu khin 89S52 lm
trung tm.bn cnh l mt khi RESET,1
khi to dao ng.
a . 89S52
.
Hinh 5: VK 89S52
b . Khi RESET
Gm 1 phm bm,1 in tr t.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi c tc ng vo phm bm
RESET th vi iu khin s chy
27
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
li chng trnh t ban u
Hnh 7: S khi RESET
c . Khi to dao ng
Gm 1 b dao ng thach anh c tn s 12MHz ,2 t c tr s 33 pF.

Nguyn tc hot ng:
B dao ng ny t pht ra xung dao ng c tn s 12MHz b vi iu khin hot
ng.
B ny c c im l khng cn cp ngun th n vn c th pht ra xung chnh xc.
28
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29
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3.Khi hin th
Khi hin th c chc nng a ra thng tin iu khin giao thng tng ng vi
trng thi hin thi ca h thng. Khi ny gm 2 phn:n iu khin v ng h.
n iu khin bao gm: n dnh cho cc phng tin tham gia giao thng: xanh,
, vng. ng h dng cc LED 7 thanh to thnh cc b hin th t 00 n 99.
y ta dng loi Anode chung (ph hp vi IC 74LS47), cu trc ca n nh sau:
Hnh 7: Cu trc bn trong ca LED 7 thanh Anode chung
30
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Hnh 8: Ghp ni 74LS247N n LED 7 thanh
31
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 - S nguyn l h thng mch n giao thng
32
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 S mch in ca h thng
Hnh 11: S mch in h thng
34
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
III . THIT K PHN MM

Chng trnh iu khin h thng
ORG
00H
LJMP
MAIN
TG.XANH
EQU 14
TG.VANG
EQU 4
TG.DO
EQU 19
ORG
30H
MAIN : MOV
SP,#5FH
MOV
P1,#00H
MOV
P2,#00H
MOV
P3,#00H
MOV
P0,#00H
LAP
: MOV
16H,#TG.XANH
MOV
17H,#TG.DO
MOV
P2H,#09H
LCALL
DKDEN2
DEC
17H
MOV
16H,#TG.VANG
MOV
P2,#11H
LCALL
DKDEN1
MOV
16H,TG.DO
MOV
17H,#TG.XANH
MOV
P2,#24H
35
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCALL
DKDEN1
DEC
16H
MOV
17H,#TG.VANG
MOV
P2,#22H
LCALL
DKDEN2
SJMP
LAP
; CAC CHUONG TRINH CON HO TRO.

; CHUONG TRINH CON GIAI MA HEX SANG MA BCD &
SU DUNG SN74LS47 DE GIAI MA CHO LED 7 THANH
HEX TO BCD:
MOV
A,16H
MOV
B,#10
DIV
AB
MOV
36H,A
MOV
37H,B
MOV
A,17H
MOV
B,#10
DIV
AB
MOV
26H,A
MOV
27H,B
RET
;CHUONG TRINH CON HIEN THI LED 7 THANH
HIEN THI:
;MAT 20MICRO S
MOV
P1,36H
SETB
P1.7
36
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCALL
CLR
MOV
TRE10US
P1.7
P1,26H
SETB
P1.6
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.6
MOV
P1,37H
SETB
P1.5
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.5
MOV
P1,27H
SETB
P1.4
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.4
RET
;CHUONG TRINH DELAY 1S
DELAY:
MOV
DELAY2:
MOV
LCALL
DELAY3:
DJNZ
DJNZ
R1,#1
R3,#100
HIENTHI
R3,DELAY3
R1,DELAY2
37
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RET
;CHUONG TRINH DELAY 1MS
TRE10US:
MOV
R4,#205
TRE1:
MOV
R5,#122
DJNZ
DJNZ
RET
R5,TRE
R4,TRE
TRE:
;CHUONG TRINH DIEU KHIEN DEN

DKDEN1:
LAP1:
LCALL
HEXTOBCD
LCALL
DELAY
DEC
16H
DJNZ
17H,LAP1
LCALL
HEXTOBCD
LCALL
DELAY
RET
DKDEN2:
LAP2:
LCALL
HEXTOBCD
LCALL
DELAY
38
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEC
DJNZ
LCALL
LCALL
RET
17H
16H,LAP2
HEXTOBCD
DELAY
END
C - NGUYN L HOT NG CA H THNG

Cc mch hin th hot ng trn nguyn tc iu khin bit vo/ra ca cc cng
trn IC AT89S52.
C th nh sau: Vi iu khin c lp trnh iu khin 2 cng vic chnh:
a) Chuyn mc ca cc n tn hiu trn hai ln ng(Xanh,,vng).Vic chuyn
mc ny s c thc hin bng 6 bit truyn tn hiu:
Ln ng th nht:
Ln ng th hai:
P3.5: n xanh.
P0.2: n xanh.
P3.6: n vng.
P0.1: n vng.
P3.7: n .
P0.0: n .
Cc n hin th l cc LED n ni chung nhau ant.n sng s tng ng vi mc

logic thp. Gia cc ln hin th s kt hp n ca hai ln ng. n xanh ln 1 th
tng ng s l n ln 2 v ngc li.V chuyn mc gia cc n s xen k
nhng b m,kt thc mi b m s tng ng thit lp li cc bit hin th cc
trng thi n tip theo.
Gia n xanh v n vng l 15s
Gia n vng v n l tr mt thi gian
Gia n v n xanh l 20s.
C n bo hiu cho ngi di b ca hai ln ng.
39
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b)
Hin th b m tng ng vi mi trng thi n:
- Ta s dng IC 74LS247N thc hin vic gii m BCD sang thp phn v hin
th cc trng thi thp phn trn LED 7 thanh.
- M BCD l m 4 bit(tng ng s hin th c mt LED 7 thanh).
Ta s dng s c hai ch s m cho hai ln ng.V th 8 bit ca cng P2 s
c dng cho vic hin th hai LED trn ln ng th nht v 8 bit ca cng P1 s
c s dng cho hin th LED ti ln ng th hai.
Cc cng 8 bit ny s c ni ti IC 74LS247N tng ng(4 bit cho mt IC) v u
ra(trn LED 7 thanh) s hin th trng thi thp phn ca s Hexa ang gi ti cng .
- Vic to ra s thp phn c thc hin bng cch ghi dy s Hexa 27 gim dn
vo v tr ROM ni bt u t a ch 40H.(Lc ny ta s dng chn s 31(EA/VPP) v
cho n mc in p cao c d liu t Rom ni).
Khi ghi dy s Hexa 27-0 ta s b qua cc trng thi 1F,1E1A,F,E,,A tng
ng ta thu c m BCD hin th ra dy s thp phn 27-0.Khi ta s tch lm 3 vng
lp:
Vng lp th nht s ghi cc s t 27-20. (tng ng l cc a ch 40h-47h).
Vng lp th hai s ghi cc s t 19-10. (tng ng l a ch 48h- 51h).
Vng lp cui cng l cc s t 9-0. ( ng vi cc a ch 52h- 5Bh).
Nh vy t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c dy s 27-0.
- Vic hin th cng cc n ta s thc hin tng ng nh sau:
n sng kt hp hin th trng thi t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c b m 27s0s.
n vng sng tr mt thi gian .
n xanh sng kt hp cng hin th trng thi t a ch 47h-5Bh ta s thu c b
m 20s-0s.
==>Cui cng ta c mt h thng n giao thng hon chnh kt hp gia to tr v
40
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hin th.
41
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QUYỂN ĐỒ ÁN ĐÈN GIAO THÔNG

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QUYỂN ĐỒ ÁN ĐÈN GIAO THÔNG

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n VI X L

MCH N GIAO THNG DNG H 8051

PHNG N THIT K..

S KHI H THNG MCH N GIAO THNG

GII THIU V VK 8051..

Cc nhm lnh ca VK 8051

THIT K PHN CNG..

THIT K PHN MM...

CHNG TRNH IU KHIN H THNG..............................

NGUYN L HOT NG CA H THNG .. 35

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Vinh,ngy 05 thng 09 nm 2010

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Hnh 1: S khi ca h thng

thng iu khin t ng tr nn rt ph bin v nhng u vit ca n nh: chnh

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Thit k mch n giao thng s dng h VK 8051

+ VK AT89S52 ( H VK 8051) lm khi iu khin chnh ca h thng mch

hin th thi gian ta s dng cc Led 7 thanh.

Ngoi ra , ta cn s dng 1 s in tr, t din . transistor.....v 1 s linh kin

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

I - GII THIU V VI IU KHIN 8051

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Hnh 2: S chn ca VK 8051

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Hnh 3: S chn ca VK 8051

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

+ 1 cng ra ni tip (Seral port)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

+ WR : tn hiu Iu khin ghi nh ngoi

thp ca bus a ch)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Cc chn ca port 1 c k hiu l P1.0, P1.1,..., P1.7 v c dng giao tip vi

Chn nhn d liu port ni tip

Chn pht d liu port ni tip

iu khinghi b nh d liu ngoi

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Chn cho php b nh chng trnh PSEN :

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

nhn xung ng vo lp trnh cho EPROM trn chip i vi cc phin bn c

Ng vo ny ( chn 31 ) c th c ni vi 5 V ( logic 1 ) hoc vi GND

logic 0 ) . Nu chn ny ni ln 5 V, 8051 thc thi chng trnh trong ROM ni

Cc chn XTAL1 v XTAL2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

1.3- B nh trn chip

Sau y l mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng:

Bng 1: Mt s thanh ghi chuyn dng ca vi iu khin 8051

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

C/T0 M1(0) M0(0)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

S hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c iu khin bi thanh ghi TCON:

khng cho php chng hot ng (nu b xa).

thit lp khi xy ra trn v c xa bng phn cng nu khi b x l r nhnh n

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

Vi thanh ghi IP:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

2 - CC NHM LNH CA VK 8051

Rn :Thanh ghi R0 n R7 ca bank thanh ghi c chn.

Addr11: 11 bit a ch ch c dng trong lnh LCALL v AJMP.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn

: cng ni dung thanh ghi Rn vo thanh ghi A.

(2,1): Cng trc tip 1 byte vo thanh ghi A.

(1,1): Cng gin tip ni dung RAM cha ti a ch