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LI NI U. 02
A
II -
PHNG N THIT K
04
THIT K .
07
07
1.
Cu trc ca VK 8051..
07
2.
16
II -
23
1.
Khi Gii m.
23
2.
Khi x l .
25
3.
Khi hin th . ..
27
4.
S nguyn l h thng.
29
5.
S mch in ca h thng.
30
III -
31
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LI NI U
Trong thi i ngy nay khi nhn loi ang tri qua nhng bc tin vt bc v
khoa hc cng ngh, th ngnh in t cng c nhng bc tin quan trng c
bit l trong lnh vc vi iu khin. Cc b vi x l ngy cng pht trin v hon
thin hn,c s dng trong hu ht cc h thng iu khin t ng trong cng
nghip,khoa hc k thut,cng nh trongcc thit b dn dng. Chnh nh vai tr,chc
nng ca vi x l em li nhiu u im, nhiu tnh nng c bit cho cc h thng
iu khin thay th con ngi trong cc cng vic i hi s phc tp v yu cu k
thut cao.
p dng tnh nng c bit ca vi x l vo thc tin,nhm sinh vin
chng em gm cc thnh vin:
1- Nguyn Phng Thnh
2- L Tin Phong
3- Nguyn Huy Yn
Di s hng dn nhit tnh v chu o ca thy gio Nguyn nh Th, nhm
chng em tin hnh nghin cu v hon thnh n vi ti: THIT K MCH
N GIAO THNG S DNG H 8051.
Trong h thng ny nhm em s dng IC AT89S52 l IC iu khin chnh.
Ngoi vic s dng IC 89S52 cn s dng mt s linh kin ph tr khc.
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Mc d c gng nhiu nhng v kinh nghim cha c nhiu v s khc bit gia l
thuyt thc hnh nn trong qu trnh thc hin cn nhiu thiu st. Mong c s
gp chn tnh t thy c v cc bn!
Chng em chn thnh cm n cc thy,cc c gio d nhit tnh gip nhm
em trong thi gian hon thnh n.Cm n cc anh ch sinh vin i trc v cc bn
sinh vin cng ng gp kin, tho lun v gip .
c bit chng em xin chn thnh cm n Thy gio hng dn Nguyn nh
Th,c gio Trn Th Thng nhit tnh hng dn v gip chng em hon
thnh n ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
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A - PHNG N THIT K
I - S KHI H THNG
KHI GII M
-------------------------
KHI IU KHIN
BUS
--------------------------------
IC
( SN 74LS47 )
KHI HIN TH
BUS-
IC
89S52
--------------------------
LED 7 THANH
II - PHNG N THIT K
Hin nay vic s dng cc mch s kt kp vi chp vi iu khin trong
cc h
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MCH N GIAO THNG DNG H 8051
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Do ti yu cu:
ph tr khc
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THIT K
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IN T 1
INT0
T imer1
T imer2
Port ni tip
iu khin ngt
C c thanh
ghi khc
128 byte R A M
ROM
4k - 8051
T imer1
T1
T imer0
T0
C PU
M ch dao ng
EA
R ST
C c Port xut/nhp
iu khin B us
P ort ni tip
ALE
P SE N
P0
P2
P1
P3
TX D RX D
a ch/d liu
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40
30pF 19
X TA L1
V CC
12M H z
18
30pF
X TA L2
8051
29
30
31
9
P SE N
ALE
EA
R ST
17
R D P 3 .7
16
W R P 3 .6
15
T 1 P 3 .5
14
T 0 P 3 .4
13
I N T 1 P 3 .3
12
I N T 0 P 3 .2
T X D1 1 P 3 .1
10
R X D P 3 .0
V SS
32
P 0 .7 A
33
P 0 .6 A
34
P 0 .5 A
35
P 0 .4 A
36
P 0 .3 A
37
P 0 .2 A
38
P 0 .1 A
39
P 0 .0 A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
P 1 .7
7
P 1 .6
6
P 1 .5
5
P 1 .4
4
P 1 .3
3
P 1 .2
2
P 1 .1
1
P 1 .0
28
P 2 .7 A
27
P 2 .6 A
26
P 2 .5 A
25
P 2 .4 A
24
P 2 .3 A
23
P 2 .2 A
22
P 2 .1 A
21
P 2 .0 A
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
20
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( byte
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Tn
a ch bit
Chc nng
P3.0
RxD
B0H
P3.1
TxD
B1H
P3.2
INT0
B2H
Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
P3.3
INT1
B3H
Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
P3.4
T0
B4H
Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 0
P3.5
T1
B5H
Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 1
P3.6
WR
B6H
P3.7
RD
B7H
iU khin cb nh d liu
ngoi
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RAM trong:
B vi iu khin 8051 c 128 byte RAM trong bao gm 32 byte u tin (00H n 1FH) dnh
cho cc thanh ghi, 16 byte tip theo (20H n 2FH) l vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, sau
l 80byte RAM nhp.
Vng thanh ghi c 32 byte, chia thnh 4 khi (bank 0 n bank 3),mi khi c 8 thanh ghi
(t R0 n R7).
vng RAM nh a ch theo bit, cc bit c dnh a ch t 00H n 7FH.
Cc thanh ghi chuyn dng (SFRs Special Function Registers):
Cc thanh ghi ny c a ch t 80H n FFH. Chng cha ni
dung ca cc thanh ghi iu khin.
M GI NH
P0
P1
P2
P3
iu khin b nh thi/b m
in khin ch b nh thi/b m
Byte thp b nh thi/b m 0
Byte cao b nh thi/b mo
Byte thp b nh thi/b m 1
Byte cao b nh thi/b m 1
Cho php ngt
iu khin u tin khi ngt
T trng thi chuong trnh
Thanh ghi tch ly
Thanh ghi B
TCON
TMOD
TL0
TH0
TL1
TH1
IF
IP
PSW
ACC(A)
B
A CH
80H
90H
AOH
BOH
88H
89H
8AH
8BH
8CH
8DH
A8H
B8H
D0H
E0H
F0H
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* ROM:
B vi iu khin AT89S52 c 4KB FLASH lp trnh c.
ROM lun chim vng a ch thp nht trong b nh chng trnh.
1.4-Cc B nh thi/B m:
B vi iu khin 8051 c 2 B nh thi/B m l B nh thi/B m 0 v B
nh thi/B m 1.Chng c th hot ng nh l b nh thi hoc b m.
Ch hot ng ca cc B nh thi/B m c ct trong thanh ghi TMOD
GATE1 C/T1 M1(1) M0(1) GATE0
Nu bit GATE xa, cc B nh thi/B m c php hot ng khi bit TR# tng
ng trong thanh ghi TCON thit lp. Ngc li, nu GATE thit lp th cc B nh
thi/B m ch hot ng khi cc chn INT# tng ng tch cc (mc thp).
Bit C/T# dng la chn ch hot ng b m hay b nh thi. Nu c thit
lp th n hot ng theo ch m s kin,lc ny ngun xung cho b m l xung
ngoi a vo t chn T# tng ng (chn 14, 15). Nu b xa,th n hot ng theo
ch nh thi vi ngun xung l xung to ra t b to dao ng trn
chip sau khi chia 12.
Cc bit M0, M1 dng xc dnh ch m cho cc b m:
M1
0
0
M0
0
1
CH
m 13 bit
m 16 bit
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1
1
0
1
m 8 bit v t ng np li
B m 0 m 8bit ring r
B m 1 dng hot ng
Bng 2: Cc ch hot ng ca cc b m
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
ITE
IE0
IT0
Cc bit TR# cho php B nh thi/B m hot ng (nu c thit lp) hoc
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tip. S iu khin hot ng ngt c ct trong 2 thanh ghi l thanh ghi cho php
ngt IE (Interrupt Enable) v thanh ghi xc nh th t u tin ngt IP (Interrupt
Priority).
Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IE nh sau (thit lp l cho php,
xa l cm):
BIT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
M GI NH
CHC NNG
EA
Cho ngt ton cc
-Khng dng
ET2
Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2
ES
Cho php ngt do cng ni tip
ET1
Cho php ngt do b m 1
EX1
Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 1
ET0
Cho php ngt do b m
EX0
Cho php ngt t bn ngoi 0
Bng 3: Cc bit v chc nng ca n trong thanh ghi IE
CHC NNG
Khng dng
Khng dng
u tin ngt do b nh thi 2
u tin ngt do cng ni tip
u tin ngt do b m 1
u tin ngt t bn ngoi 1
u tin ngt do b m 0
u tin ngt t bn ngoi 0
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bng 4: Cc bit v chc nng ca chng trong thanh ghi IP
S hc.
Lun l.
Chuyn d liu.
Chuyn iu khin.
Cc chi tit thit lp lnh:
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a Nhm lnh s hc
ADD
A,Rn
ADD
A,data
ADD
A,@Ri
ADD
A,#data
ADD
A,Rn
ADD
A,data
ADDC
A,@Ri
ADDC
A,#data
SUBB
A,Rn
Rn v c nh.
SUBB
A,data
SUBB
A,@Ri
SUBB
A,#data
INC
INC
Rn
INC
data
INC
@Ri
DEC
DEC
Rn
DEC
data
DEC
@Ri
INC
DPTR
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MUL
AB
DIV
AB
DA
ANL
A,Rn
ANL
A,data
ANL
A,@Ri
ANL
A,#data
ANL
data,#data
ANL
C,bit
ANL
C,/bit
ANL
data,A
ORL
A,Rn
ORL
A,@Ri
ORL
A,#data
ORL
data,A
ORL
data,#data
ORL
C,bit
ORL
C,/bit
XRL
A,Rn
XRL
A,data
XRL
A,@Ri
XRL
A,#data
XRL
data,A
SETB
(1,1): t c nh.
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SETB
bit
CLR
CLR
(1,1): Xa c nh.
CPL
CPL
(1,1): B c nh.
CPL
bit
RL
RLC
RR
RRC
SWAP
A,Rn
MOV
A,data
MOV
A,@Ri
MOV
A,#data
MOV
Rn,data
MOV
Rn,#data
MOV
MOV
data,Rn
MOV
data,data
MOV
data,@Ri
MOV
MOV
C,bit
MOV
bit,C
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MOV
MOVC
A,@A+PC
MOVX
A,@Ri
MOVX
A,@DPTR
PUSH
data
POP
data
XCH
A,Rn
XCH
A,data
XCH
A,@Ri
XCHD
A,@R
LCALL
addr16
RET
RET1
AJMP
addr11
LJMP
addr16
SJMP
rel
JZ
rel
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JNZ
rel
JC
rel
(2,2): Nhy nu c nh c t.
JNC
rel
JB
bit,rel
JNB
bit,rel
JBC
bit,rel
CJNE
A,data,rel
CJNE
A,#data,rel
CJNE
Rn,#data,rel
CJNE
@Ri,#data,rel
DJNZ
Rn,rel
DJNZ
data,rel
Cc lnh r nhnh
C nhiu lnh iu khin ln chng trnh bao gm vic gi hoc tr li t
con hoc chng trnh chia nhnh c iu kin hay khng c iu kin.
Tt c cc lnh r nhnh u khng nh hng n c. Ta c th nh nhn cn
nhy ti m khng cn r a ch, trnh bin dch s t a ch ni cn nhy ti ng
khu lnh a ra.
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2.Khi x l
Khi x l gm 1 b vi iu khin 89S52 lm
trung tm.bn cnh l mt khi RESET,1
khi to dao ng.
a . 89S52
.
Hinh 5: VK 89S52
b . Khi RESET
Gm 1 phm bm,1 in tr t.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi c tc ng vo phm bm
RESET th vi iu khin s chy
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c . Khi to dao ng
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3.Khi hin th
Khi hin th c chc nng a ra thng tin iu khin giao thng tng ng vi
trng thi hin thi ca h thng. Khi ny gm 2 phn:n iu khin v ng h.
n iu khin bao gm: n dnh cho cc phng tin tham gia giao thng: xanh,
, vng. ng h dng cc LED 7 thanh to thnh cc b hin th t 00 n 99.
y ta dng loi Anode chung (ph hp vi IC 74LS47), cu trc ca n nh sau:
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5 S mch in ca h thng
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ORG
00H
LJMP
MAIN
TG.XANH
EQU 14
TG.VANG
EQU 4
TG.DO
EQU 19
ORG
30H
MAIN : MOV
SP,#5FH
MOV
P1,#00H
MOV
P2,#00H
MOV
P3,#00H
MOV
P0,#00H
LAP
: MOV
16H,#TG.XANH
MOV
17H,#TG.DO
MOV
P2H,#09H
LCALL
DKDEN2
DEC
17H
MOV
16H,#TG.VANG
MOV
P2,#11H
LCALL
DKDEN1
MOV
16H,TG.DO
MOV
17H,#TG.XANH
MOV
P2,#24H
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LCALL
DKDEN1
DEC
16H
MOV
17H,#TG.VANG
MOV
P2,#22H
LCALL
DKDEN2
SJMP
LAP
HEX TO BCD:
MOV
A,16H
MOV
B,#10
DIV
AB
MOV
36H,A
MOV
37H,B
MOV
A,17H
MOV
B,#10
DIV
AB
MOV
26H,A
MOV
27H,B
RET
;CHUONG TRINH CON HIEN THI LED 7 THANH
HIEN THI:
;MAT 20MICRO S
MOV
P1,36H
SETB
P1.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhm SV: Phng Thnh,Tin Phong ,Huy Yn
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LCALL
CLR
MOV
TRE10US
P1.7
P1,26H
SETB
P1.6
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.6
MOV
P1,37H
SETB
P1.5
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.5
MOV
P1,27H
SETB
P1.4
LCALL
TRE10US
CLR
P1.4
RET
;CHUONG TRINH DELAY 1S
DELAY:
MOV
DELAY2:
MOV
LCALL
DELAY3:
DJNZ
DJNZ
R1,#1
R3,#100
HIENTHI
R3,DELAY3
R1,DELAY2
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RET
;CHUONG TRINH DELAY 1MS
TRE10US:
MOV
R4,#205
TRE1:
MOV
R5,#122
DJNZ
DJNZ
RET
R5,TRE
R4,TRE
TRE:
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DEC
DJNZ
LCALL
LCALL
RET
17H
16H,LAP2
HEXTOBCD
DELAY
END
Ln ng th hai:
P3.5: n xanh.
P0.2: n xanh.
P3.6: n vng.
P0.1: n vng.
P3.7: n .
P0.0: n .
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b)
- Ta s dng IC 74LS247N thc hin vic gii m BCD sang thp phn v hin
th cc trng thi thp phn trn LED 7 thanh.
- M BCD l m 4 bit(tng ng s hin th c mt LED 7 thanh).
Ta s dng s c hai ch s m cho hai ln ng.V th 8 bit ca cng P2 s
c dng cho vic hin th hai LED trn ln ng th nht v 8 bit ca cng P1 s
c s dng cho hin th LED ti ln ng th hai.
Cc cng 8 bit ny s c ni ti IC 74LS247N tng ng(4 bit cho mt IC) v u
ra(trn LED 7 thanh) s hin th trng thi thp phn ca s Hexa ang gi ti cng .
- Vic to ra s thp phn c thc hin bng cch ghi dy s Hexa 27 gim dn
vo v tr ROM ni bt u t a ch 40H.(Lc ny ta s dng chn s 31(EA/VPP) v
cho n mc in p cao c d liu t Rom ni).
Khi ghi dy s Hexa 27-0 ta s b qua cc trng thi 1F,1E1A,F,E,,A tng
ng ta thu c m BCD hin th ra dy s thp phn 27-0.Khi ta s tch lm 3 vng
lp:
Vng lp th nht s ghi cc s t 27-20. (tng ng l cc a ch 40h-47h).
Vng lp th hai s ghi cc s t 19-10. (tng ng l a ch 48h- 51h).
Vng lp cui cng l cc s t 9-0. ( ng vi cc a ch 52h- 5Bh).
Nh vy t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c dy s 27-0.
- Vic hin th cng cc n ta s thc hin tng ng nh sau:
n sng kt hp hin th trng thi t a ch 40h-5Bh ta s thu c b m 27s0s.
n vng sng tr mt thi gian .
n xanh sng kt hp cng hin th trng thi t a ch 47h-5Bh ta s thu c b
m 20s-0s.
==>Cui cng ta c mt h thng n giao thng hon chnh kt hp gia to tr v
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hin th.
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