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CNG NGH v KHOA HC VT LiU I CNG

Nguyn Mnh Tun Chng I Dn nhp

Con ngi v mn Khoa hc Vt liu


"materials are like people; its the deffects that make them interesting !" * Trong mn khoa hc vt liu, ngoi vic tnh c khm ph ra nhng vt liu mi vi nhng tnh cht mi, ngi ta cn phi c trang b kin thc v mn khoa hc c bn ny c th to ra nhng vt liu mi c tnh cht nh mong mun
TP. H Ch Minh 2008

* Attributed to FC Frank, a pioneer in materials science

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

Con ngi v mn Khoa hc Vt liu


S pht trin v tin ha ca con ngi gn lin vi s khm ph v s dng cc loi cng c lao ng Tin trnh tin ha gn lin vi qu trnh s dng vt liu lm cng c: Thi k , thi k ng, thi k st

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Con ngi v mn Khoa hc Vt liu


Thi k ban u nhng vt liu m con ngi bit cch s dng vn cn rt hn ch: Khc cy (g), t st, v s, da S pht trin v tin ha ca con ngi gn lin vi s pht trin ca cc vt liu m con ngi s dng B mn Khoa hc Vt liu theo pht trin ca khoa hc v cng ngh, mi ra i c vi chc nm nay - v l mn khoa hc ang pht trin rt mnh m

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Ngun gc mn hc
Trc nhng nm 1960 (v hng thp k sau ), cc khoa ngy nay l khoa hc vt liu khi gi l khoa kim loi hc, do t th k 19 v u th k 20 ch yu nghin cu cc vt liu kim loi Lnh vc nghin cu sau m rng ra cc loi vt liu, bao gm trong : cc vt liu gm s, polymers, vt liu bn dn, vt liu t tnh, cc vt liu nhn to a vo c th v cc vt liu sinh hc
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Top Ten 10 s kin ca KHVL

c bnh chn theo Hip hi Ha v c, kim loi v vt liu hc Hoa k (mt trong nhng t bo uy tn nht v vt liu hc) nhn s kin quan trng K nim 50 nm ngy thnh lp www.materialmoments.org

1. Nm 1864 nh ha hc ngi Nga 1. Nm 2200 trc cng nguyn, Dmitri Mendeleev xy dng bng ngi dn vng ty bc Iran h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho ch to ra thu tinh. y l vt liu hc. L kim ch nam v gi cho vt liu khng phi kim loi th 2 (sau gm hc v nhiu ngnh khoa hc khc. s) ca nn vn minh nhn loi. 2. 3500 nm trc cng nguyn ngi 2. Nm 1668, Anton van Leeuwenhoek Ai-cp nung luyn c st (di pht trin vic dng knh hin vi dng sn phm ph ca vic tinh ch c kh nng phng i ln 200 ln ng) v s dng lm trang sc. v ln hn na, m ra k nguyn Khm ph ra b mt u tin ca nn nghin cu th gii t nhin cng vn minh st. nh cu trc ca n m mt thng 3. Nm 1948 John Bardeen, Walter H. khng nhn thy c. Brattain, v William Shockley pht 3. Nm 1755 John Smeaton pht minh minh ra thit b bn dn, l thnh tu ra xi mng: l loi vt liu xy dng vt bc ca ngnh in t, microchip rt quan trng c ng dng rng ri v cng ngh my tnh. trong thi hin i.

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Top Ten 10 s kin ca KHVL

c bnh chn theo Hip hi Ha v c, kim loi v vt liu hc Hoa k (mt trong nhng t bo uy tn nht v vt liu hc) nhn s kin quan trng K nim 50 nm ngy thnh lp www.materialmoments.org

1. 300 nm trc cng nguyn cc 1. 1912 Max von Laue pht hin nh luyn kim min nam n c s tn x ca tia thc hin phng php luyn Rnghen (tia X) trn cc tinh thp trong l luyn chn trong th, m ra hng mi trong lng t. nghin cu vt liu. 2. 5000 nm trc cng nguyn 2. 1856 Henry Bessemer nhn vng Th Nh K hin nay, ngi bng sng ch cho qu trnh ta thu c ng (Cu) dng thi acid l y sn xut thp t lng khi nung malachite v cacbon, m ra mt k nguyn lazurit, c th c c cc hnh sn xut thp gi r s lng dng khc nhau, t khm ph ln, lm cho pht trin nhanh ra cc lp ca v tri t cng l chng giao thng, xy dng, k kho cha khong cht. thut v cng nghip ha ni chung.
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Khoa hc Vt liu l g ?
Mn Khoa hc Vt liu hin i c pht trin trc tip t mn Kim loi hc S t ph quan trng v mn vt liu hc l cui th k XIX, khi Willard Gibbs chng t rng cc tnh cht nhit ng lin quan ti cu trc nguyn t cc pha khc nhau s nh hng trc tip n cc tnh cht vt l ca vt liu Mn khoa hc vt liu c tc dng nh hng, hay l c nh hng bi s pht trin ca cc cng ngh t ph nh l cc cng ngh v i hccht T nhin Khoa Khoa hc do plastics, v cc H Ch Minh 2008 TP. cht bn Khoa hc Vt liu dn, hay l v vt liu sinh hc
MSE: Materials Science and Engineering

Khoa hc Vt liu l g ?
Khm ph mi quan h gia cu trc v cc tnh cht ca vt liu Cng ngh Vt liu s da trn cc c im v tnh cht ca cu trc thit k v nghin cu cu trc vt liu to ra sn phm l vt liu mi c tnh cht c xc nh trc
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

4 yu t c bn ca mn khoa hc vt liu

Khoa hc Vt liu l g ?
Nghin cu cu trc l mun ni ti cu trc ca vt liu lin quan ti s sp xp ca nhng thnh phn trong vt liu. Nhng cu trc di nguyn t (subatomic) lin quan n in t trong nguyn t v tng tc ca chng vi ht nhn nguyn t Nghin cu tnh cht l mun ni n s nghin cu chi tit nhng c trng ca vt liu
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Ti sao li Nghin cu Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vt liu?


Nghin cu cc tnh cht ca Vt liu: tnh cht c hc, tnh cht ha hc, tnh cht in, bn cht ca Vt liu v cc c tnh cn thit khc Cc sai hng, bn ca Vt liu trong qu trnh lm vic Tnh kinh t khi p dng thc tin (gi thnh khi ch tc, khi bo qun v s dng )
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Tng lai ca mn Khoa hc Vt liu


Gn lin vi s pht trin ca khoa hc v cng ngh Gn lin vi s pht trin ca x hi v nhu cu ngy cng tng ca con ngi To ra cc sn phm mi vi cc tnh nng mi Tit kim vt liu v nng lng, hiu qu cao Kt hp ngy cng nhiu cc b mn khoa hc lin quan
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Phn loi cc Vt liu


Cc Vt liu dng rn c chia lm 3 nhm: kim loi, gm s v polymer Kim loi: bao gm kt hp cc nguyn t kim loi Gm s: l hp cht cha cc kim loi v phi kim. Ch yu gm cc oxt, nitride v carbide Polymer: l mt h cc vt liu plastic v cao su

Vt liu gm s

Polyvinyl chloride
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Phn loi cc Vt liu


Composite: l loi vt liu cha nhiu hn mt vt liu vt liu polymer kt hp vi bng thy tinh : th hin nhng t/c tt nht ca tng loi vt liu thnh phn Vt liu bn dn: c tnh cht in khong gia cht dn in v cht in mi, c bit nhy cm vi s c mt ca tp cht Vt liu sinh hc: c s dng tim vo c th thay th cho phn c th b hng Cu trc ca myoglobin Silicon wafer hoc b bnh phi khng sinh ra c t v phi tng thch i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa TP. H Ch Minh 2008 Khoa hc Vt liu vi c th
8 hnh thi ca carbon: kim cng, graphite, lonsdaleite,C60, C540, C70, carbon v nh hnh v carbon nanotube

Phn loi cc Vt liu

Cc gi tr mt khi lng nhit phng ca cc vt liu kim loi, gm, polymer v composite

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Phn loi cc Vt liu

Cc gi tr sut n hi (sut Young - khng b un) nhit phng ca cc vt liu kim loi, gm, polymer v composite

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Phn loi cc Vt liu


Cc gi tr khng nt gy nhit phng ca cc vt liu kim loi, gm, polymer v composite

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Phn loi cc Vt liu


Cc gi tr dn in nhit phng ca cc vt liu kim loi, gm, polymer v composite

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Nhng Vt liu cao cp


S dng trong cc ng dng cng ngh cao cp (advanced tech.), cc thit b in t, my nghe nhc CD, computer, cc h cp quang, my bay, tu v tr khng gian Cc tnh cht ca vt liu c pht trin v lm mi, cc vt liu hiu qu cao
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Nhng Vt liu cao cp

Bnh rng phn t

C60

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Vt liu ca tng lai


Vt liu thng minh: l loi vt liu mi v hin i. C th thay i c tnh theo iu kin mi trng, p ng li nhng thay i ny theo hng nh sn Vt liu c cu trc nano: nhng vt liu c cu trc c bit, trong vai tr c bit kch thc ca cu trc cc phn t, nguyn t lm cho n c nhng tnh cht c bit, hon ton mi
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Vt liu ca tng lai


Vt liu thng minh l vt liu c mt hoc nhiu cc tnh cht c th c thay i ng k khi c cc tc nhn kim sot c t bn ngoi tc ng ln n nh l, ng sut, nhit , m, pH, in trng hoc l t trng
Vt liu in gio to nn mt hiu in th xc nh khi tc ng ln n mt ng sut Hp kim nh hnh v polymer nh hnh l cc vt liu thay i hnh dng nh khi chu tc nhn nhit Hp kim nh hnh t tnh thay i c hnh dng nh khi thay i t trng t ln n Polymer nhy vi pH phnh ln hoc xp xung khi pH ca mi trng c thay i Polymer p ng nhit thay i cu trc khi thay i nhit , lm cm bin nhit Vt liu nh mu halochromic thay i mu sc khi axt thay i, cm bin axt H bin sc c th thay i mu sc khi lm bin i cc tc nhn nhit, quang v in Cht lng phi Newton c th thay i nht ty theo tc ca vt trt tc dng ln n

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Vt liu ca tng lai


Vt liu cu trc nano l lnh vc m tiu ch ca n l kim sot c cc tnh cht ca vt liu thang phn t v nguyn t. Nhn chung cng ngh nano lin quan ti cc cu trc kch thc 100 nanomt hoc nh hn, cng nh pht trin cc vt liu v linh kin kch thc ny Cng ngh nano v cng a dng, t vic pht trin mi mn vt l linh kin truyn thng, cho ti nhng tip cn hon ton mi da trn vic t lin hp cc phn t, pht trin cc vt liu mi vi kch thc nano, thm ch cn cho rng c th trc tip kim sot c cc Linh kin ny truyn nng lng t mng mng nano ging lng t ti tinh tnh cht vt liu thang nguyn t th nano pha trn, lm cho tinh th
nano pht ra nh sng nhn thy
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Vt liu ca tng lai

Vt liu thng minh

Ca knh thng minh


i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Knh mt thng minh

Vt liu ca tng lai

Knh mt thng minh


i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Nhu cu cn phi c cc Vt liu hin i


S pht trin ca cc loi thit b mi S pht trin ca cc kiu dng, kin trc mi S pht trin ca cc nhu cu ngy cng a dng S i hi phi tng nng sut, hiu sut S i hi gim gi thnh sn phm S i hi v an ton mi trng
i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu TP. H Ch Minh 2008

Nhu cu cn phi c cc Vt liu hin i


S i hi phi tit kim nng lng Cung cp nhng dng nng lng mi a dng, hiu qu Pht trin nhng thit b chuyn ha nng lng (nng lng mt tri, nng lng gi, nhng ngun nhin liu mi sch v hiu qu ) Nhng loi vt liu thn thin mi trng c th H Ch Minh 2008 i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa TP. Khoa hc Vt liu ti sinh ti s dng

Bi tp chng 1

KT THC CHNG 1

i hc Khoa hc T nhin Khoa Khoa hc Vt liu

TP. H Ch Minh 2008

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