Hướng dẫn lắp ráp các mạch nạp Vi Xử Lý - Lê Duy Phi

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com - 1 -
MUC LUC

Li Noi au
Van e 1:
KHAI LC VE HO ATMEL AT80C51 ----Trang 3

PHAN 1: HNG DAN LAP RAP CAC LOAI MACH NAP VI X LY
Van e 2: ----Trang 6
MACH NAP :
AT89C51 - QUA CONG COM
MACH NAP :
MACH NAP:
AT89C2051 QUA CONG MAY IN
MACH NAP TONG HP:
AT89C51 & AT89C2051 QUA CONG MAY IN
PHAN 2: HNG DAN LAM BO MACH IN CHAT LNG CAO

HNG DAN THIET KE MACH IN TREN MAY TNH
BANG PHAN MEM : Eagle 4.01
PHNG PHAP IN BAN VE LEN BO ONG

PHAN 3: HNG DAN S DUNG CAC PHAN MEM VI X LY

MOT SO PHAN MEM LAP TRNH / SOAN THAO ASSEMBLY
PHAN MEM BIEN DCH RA FILE HEX : ASM / TASM
Van e 10 : ----Trang 50
CAC PHAN MEM MO PHONG VI X LY
Van e 11 : ----Trang 52
HNG DAN S DUNG Ezdl4.0 CHO CAC MACH NAP

PHAN 4: CAC MACH IEN VI X LY - LY THU- N GIAN
CHO NGI MI BAT AU HOC LAP TRNH CUNG VI X LY
HAY LAM MACH EN CHP VI 89C51
HAY LAM BO IEU KHIEN NHUNG N GIAN
LAM COI HU VI HAI MC AM IEU KHAC NHAU
Van e 15 : ----Trang 67
LAMONG HO BAO GII IEN T
LI KET.
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Le Duy Phi - http://vixuly.cjp.net duyphi@yahoo.com - 2 -
Li noi au

Ngay nay , ne n cong nghe ng du ng vi x ly va o i song ang ngay mot tr nen kha
pho bien va khong ngng c phat trien , hien nay no a c pho cap nhieu trng ai
hoc , cao ang va ca cac tr ng trung cap.
Ben canh viec hoc ly thuyet trng , e cac ban co the hieu sau hn n a ve vi x ly
va kham pha cac ng du ng , cac tnh nang cua no bang thc te , toi xin han hanh gii thieu
vi cac ban quyen sach nay Hng dan lap rap cac mach nap Vi X Ly ngo ha u se giup
cac ban t lam cho rieng mnh mot mach na p , e nap chng trnh ma ba n a viet vao cho
con vi x ly e ba n co the biet c chng trnh ma ban a viet ay - thc te no se hoat ong
nh the nao- o chnh la muc ch ma toi a viet quyen sach nay cho cac ban.
Cac ban co the tm thay cac loai mach na p cho vi x ly ( ung ra phai goi la vi ieu
khien ) rat n gian , de lap rap , linh kien de tm kiem , cho nen xac sua t thanh cong rat
cao nen ai ai cung co the t la m lay cho rieng mnh mot mach nap e phuc vu cho viec hoc ,
nghien cu va nhat la e la m cac o an , lua n va n lien quan en vi x ly !
Ngoai ra toi con bo sung the m pha n h ng da n la m bo mach in chat lng rat cao e
cac ban t lam nha , tiet kiem rat nhieu chi ph rat thch hp cho sinh vien nhng chat
lng nh a noi la rat cao . ong thi toi cung co hng dan cho ba n ca h s dung cac
phan mem ve vi x ly phuc vu cho viec lap trnh e ban khong phai mat nhieu thi gian tm
kiem-va s dung cac phan me m nay !
Sau cung la cac v du cu the se giu p ban bc au la m quen cung vi x ly , cac ng
dung nay danh rieng cho ngi mi bat au hoc lap trinh vi x ly ! Neu cac ban nao a
thanh thao roi th xin ha y oc quyen 2 Hng dan giao tiep vi x ly vi may tnh ay
ban se biet cach giao tiep qua lai gia chung . o ng thi toi cung co nhieu v du thiet thc
nh Ma y o nhiet o bang Led , may o nhiet o giao tiep may tnh , bang en ch cha y
n gian , ba ng en ch cha y giao tiep ma y tnh , o ien a p qua ma y tnh va mot so
mach ien ng dung vi x ly khac se la m cho ban ca m thay thch thu hn khi hoc ve vi x ly
Tap sach nay oc viet khong ngoai muc ch go p phan la m phat trien viec ng vi x
ly ngay mot hn , o ng thi no cu ng se giup ban tiet kiem rat nhieu chi ph , hien tai gia cu a
moi mach nap Vi x ly theo toi c biet Nhat Tao ban khoang 250.000 , ngoai ra cung
co mot so ban khac ch ban ga 130.000 tuy nhie n mach nap nay lai qua tiet kiem v ch rap
toan cac linh kien re tien . Nhng neu ban t rap khong nhng ch tiet kiem kha nhieu tien
cua , ch ca n ba n ton khoa ng 70.000 la ban co ngay cho rieng mnh mot mach nap chat
lng vo cung v linh kie n la do chnh tay ban mua lay . ay van e kho ng phai la chuyen
tien nong , song van e la mach nap ay la do chnh ban a lap rap no , do o ba n se ca m
thay thch thu hn ,hai lo ng hn vi san pham cua mnh .
Cuoi cung toi xin cha n thanh cam n cac ba n ang hoc cu ng toi a ong vien kch le
tinh tha n , cung co li tri n sau sac en cac thay trong trng a giup cho toi rat nhieu
e quyen sach nay hoan thanh u ng luc cac ban ang hoc ve vi x ly . Trong ieu kien ay ,
viec thieu xot se la ieu khong the tranh khoi , cho ne n s gop y t pha ca c ban oc gia
cung nh nhng li gop y cua quy thay co se la niem vinh hanh cho toi , toi xin la ng nghe ,
sa cha e lan sau co dp th quyen sach nay se hoan thien hn , ngo hau se giu p ch cho
cac ban trong viec hoc tap cung viec nghien cu at c nhieu li lac !
Nhan ay toi xin han ha nh mi ban on oc tap 2: Hng dan giao tiep vi x ly vi may
tnh bang Visual Basic ma toi sap viet xong !
Mot lan na toi xin cam n cac ban a oc quye n sach nay !
Le Duy Phi
Van e 1:

KHAI LC VE AT89C51 & AT89C2051

I . MO TA CAU TRUC PHAN CNG CUA VI IEU KHIEN 8951.
1/ Gii thieu ho MCS51:
MCS51 la mot ho IC vi ieu khien (Microcontroller ) do hang Intel san xuat. Cac IC tieu bieu cho ho
MCS51 la 8051 va 8031. ac biet, vi ieu khien 8951 c san xuat gan ay mang cac ac iem sau:
4 Kbytes EEPROM.
128 bytes RAM.
4 ports I/O (Input/Output).
2 bo nh thi (timer) 16 bits.
Giao tiep noi tiep.
64 Kbytes khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong.
64 Kbytes khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong.
Mot bo x l luan l (thao ta c tren cac bit n).
210 bits c a ch hoa.
Bo nhan chia 4 s.

Tc khi i vao lap rap bo mach , toi xin cac ba n
danh t thi gian xem qua s o chan va mot so cac
ac iem cung nh mot so cac at tnh cua oi
tng ma ta se lam viec rat nhieu vi no o la con
vi ieu khien AT89C51 va AT89C2051.
2. HE THONG GIAO TIEP PORT:
a/ Port 0:Port 0 la mot port hai chc nang tren cac chan 32 39.
Hay nh rang : Tren cac chan nay cha co ien tr keo dng , do o khi can chung ta phai nh
en ac iem nay.
b/ Port 1: Port 1 la mot port I/O tren cac chan 1 8.
c/ Port 2: Port 2 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 21 28 .
d/ Port 3: Port 3 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 10 17. Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc
nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi cac ac tnh ac biet cua 8951 nh bang sau:
Bit Ten Chc nang chuyen oi
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
RXD
TXD
INT0\
INT1\
T0
T1
WR\
RD\
D lieu nhan cho port noi tiep
D lieu phat cho port noi tiep
Ngat 0 ben ngoai
Ngat 1 ben ngoai
Ngo vao cua Timer/counter 0
Ngo vao cua Timer/counter 1
Xung ghi bo nh d lieu ngoai
Xung oc bo nh d lieu ngoai
3 - CAC TN HIEU IEU KHIEN:
Chip AT8951 co ca c tn hieu ieu khien can phai lu y sau:
A- Chan EA\ (External Access):
Tn hieu vao EA\ tren chan 31 thng c mac len mc cao (+5v) hoac mc thap
(GND).
Neu mc cao, 8951 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap (4K hoac
toi a 8k oi vi AT89C52).
Neu mc thap, chng trnh c thi hanh t bo nh ngoai m rong (Toi a en 64K ).
Ngoa i ra Ng i ta con dung EA\ lam cha n cap ie n a p 12V khi lap trnh cho EEPROM trong
8051.
B- CHAN PSEN\ (PROGRAM STORE ENABLE):
PSEN\ la tn hie u ra tre n cha n 29. No la tn hieu ieu khien cho phep bo nh chng trnh m rong,
PSEN\ thng c noi en chan OE (Output Enable) cua mot EPROM hoac ROM e cho phep oc cac
byte ma lenh.
Hay nh rang :Bnh thng chan PSEN\ se c tha trong (No Connect). Ch khi nao chan EA\ mc
thap th luc o:
PSEN\ se mc tha p trong thi gian lay le nh. Cac ma nh phan cua chng trnh
c oc t EPROM qua bus d lieu va c chot vao thanh ghi lenh cua 8951 e gia i ma
lenh.
PSEN\ se mc thu ong (mc cao) neu thi hanh chng trnh trong ROM noi
(8951)
C- CAC CHAN NGUON:
AT8951 hoat ong vi nguon n +5V. Vcc c noi vao chan 40 va Vss (GND) c noi vao chan 20.
II. MO TA CAU TRUC PHAN CNG CUA VI IEU KHIEN AT89C2051.

AT89C2051 la mot vi ieu khien thu gon ch co 20 chan , vi ay u cac tnh nang cnh AT89C51
.Duy ch khac mot iem can lu y o la Flash ROM cua no ch co 2K ma thoi va mot vai Port khong c ho
tr u , do o tuy theo muc ch mata se can en no.
Hnh : S o chan AT89C2051
MOT SO CAC AC TNH CUA AT89C2051 LA:
~ 2 Kbytes of Flash ( Co nap vao hoac xoa i 1000 lan)
~ 128 bytes of RAM
~ 15 I/O lines ( 15 ng xuat/ nhap)
~ two16-bit timer/counters ( hai bo nh th/ em 16 bt)
~ five vector, two-level interrupt architecture (co 5 vect ngat-2 mc )
~ full duplex serial port ( co cong noi tiep)
~ precision analog comparator
~ on chip oscillator and clock circuitry ( co mach dao ong va tao xung ben trong chip)
Hay nh rang: Mc ien ap hoat ong thap (2,7V 6V , chung ta thng dung no 5V)
Tan so dao ong thach anh toi a 24Mhz ( thng ta dung 11.0592Mhz e han che
loi en mc nho nhat trong qua trnh no lam viec)

Van e 2:
I- OI LI GII THIEU :
Neu ban muon va hoc Vi X Ly ong thi cung muon kham pha no qua cac
ng dung cu the, qua cac d an thc te e phat trien 89C51, 89c52vi ngon ng
lap trnh Asemmbly th Mach Nap AT89C51 chnh la cau tra li . No rat re va
moi ngi eu co the t lam c cho rieng mnh mot nap .
Mach nap nay khong nhng ch nap c cho AT89c51(4k) ma con nap c cho ca
89c52(8k) va 89c55( 20k ) .
Sau khi ban lap trnh vi Asemmbly hoac C xong ,roi ban hay dch no ra file
HEX ( neu ba n cha biet cach dch th ban hay xem muc h ng da n cac phan me m Vi
X Ly ang sau) sau o ban hay nap no vao cho con Chip bang cach dung Mach
Nap AT89C51.
II- PHAN CNG : S O VA BO MACH IN
1 ). HNH ANH MACH NAP HOAN CHNH :

Hnh 1
MACH NAP :
Hay lam rieng cho ban mot nap chng trnh- e nap file
HEX cho cac vi ieu khien 89C51 , 89C52 , 89C53 va
89C55 . ay co san bo mach in , s o va ca phan mem
cung hng dan het sc de dang e lam va s du ng no.
2) S O MACH NAP AT89C51 :
Hnh 2: ay chnh la s o cua Mach Nap AT89C51 .
TREN S O BA N HAY LU Y HAI IEM SAU :
K hieu IC ghi 89C51 EZ52.HEX goi la con Chip chnh ( ChipMaster)
K hieu IC ghi 40 -PIN ZIF 89c51/ 89c52/ 89c55 ay la Socket hay la chan e
cam IC ( con goi la e cam IC 40 Chan) , hay goi la con chip phu ( Chip
Slave)

ay la hnh dang that cua Socket ( e e gan IC vao) tuy nhien ay la cai
Soket 20 chan thoi ,con loai 40 cung giong y het nh vay nhng no dai va to hn
thoi.
Hay nh rang :
au tien ba n can phai nap file EZ52.HEX vao cho con ChipMaster . Nhng kho
noi la lay a u ra mach nap e nap file EZ52.Hex na y cho con Chip Master ?? Ban ng
lo , ba n co the mua con Chip Master a na p sa n nay tai quay photo B1 tai trng ai hoc
Bach Khoa , hoac ba n cung co the mua a me m 1,4Mb toi co chep sa n file EZ52.HEX
trong o luon roi , ba n co the em ra cac tiem ien ch ien T Nhat Tao , o ho co
sa n ma y nap ho se nap cho ban .vi gia cho mo i lan nap la 2.000
Va toi cung xin noi them la con Chip Master cung la mot con AT89C51. Con cai
Socket la ni e ban at con Chip 89C51 Slave - ma ban ca n nap bat ky file .HEX nao o
vao cho no .
3) NGUON IEN CAP CHO MACH NAP:
Hay lu y :Tai chan Vpp cua Mach nap co hai mc ien ap khac nhau la 5V va
12V c ieu khien bi chan P3.3 (chnh la au ra cua LM317).Bnh thng th au ra cua
LM317 ch co 5V thoi, nhng khi bat au nap chng trnh th au ra cua no len ti 12V.
Toi a lap rap , kiem tra va s dung mach nay rat nhieu nhng cha he thay s co nao
qua nghiemtrong ca.
4) BO MACH IN
Hien nay tren ch ien T Nhat Tao ban rat nhieu loai Bo mach nap na y , va hien
a tr nen qua quen thuoc , quen thuoc en noi ban ch can noi ban cho ban Mach in cua
mach nap Vi X Ly th ngi se a cho ban ngay mot ban mach nh sau vi gia ch co
10.000 ma thoi :

Hnh 3
ay la mot loai mach nap ang pho bien , rat c nhieu ngi s dung va ang
thnh hanh tren Ch Nha t Tao . Hnh nay la Mach In Hng Dan Lap Rap Linh Kien
len ban mach ong.
Va toi cung a chep luo n file cha cac mach in hnh2 trong a mem vi dung
lng 36,4kb e ban co the xem qua e co the t lam lay bo mach cho mnh.

Va sau ay la bo mach ong cua no , ban co the cat hnh sau e t lam cho mnh
mot mach ong rat ep , giong y nh the theo s hng dan phan 2 cua quyen sach nay.
Va ay la nhng g ma ban co the thay sau khi ban a lap rap hoan chnh

ay la Mach ong cua mach nap vi x ly ang thnh hanh
tren ch Nhat Tao hien nay .Gia mot mach ch co 10.000
(Ban co the cat hnh nay ra e lam mach ong hoac mua
rieng quay Photo B1 / dh.BK)
Hay nh rang : MAX 232 co the c thay the bang 2 con transistor het sc n
giian . Khi o bo mach cua ban se nho gon hn, ong thi ban cung
co the tiet kiem mot khoang tien rat ang ke .
S o thay the nh sau:

Mot kieu khac:

Asghar Charmin An o a cai tien lai ch dung mot Transistor nhng toi cha th , neu
c cac ban hay rap th roi cho toi xin li ap nhe!

Hay nh rang : MAX 232 16 chan con co the c thay the bang con chip DS257
het sc n giian ch co 8 chan thoi . Khi o bo mach in cua ban se
nho gon hn .

IV- PHAN MEM CHO MACH NAP AT89C51
Mach nap AT89C51 nay giao tiep vi may tnh thong qua phan mem EZ4.0.
Hien thi ay la phan mem mi nhat va hoan toan mien ph chay tren nen Windows
rat ep va rat de dang s dung .
Giao dien cuano nh sau:

Neu ban cha ro cach dung no th xin ban hay xem phan 3 Hng dan s dung mot so
phan mem Vi X Ly th se ro .
V- MOT SO LU Y VE CAC LINH KIEN CAN DUNG:

1- CACH XAC NH CAC CHAN IEN AP VAO RA CUA 7805
Output (O):= Chan ien ap ra 5V
Command(C):= Chan na y han xuong Mass ( GND)
Input (I):= ien ap vao 9V 12V
Hay nh rang: Cha n Command rat quan trong , chung ta ca n
han no xuong mass(GND) mot cach het sc cha c chan neu nh
chan nay han khong khe o co lam cho ien a p ngo ra tang vot
len rat cao gan bang ien ap ngo vao (9-12V) se lam hong cac
chip .

2- CACH XAC NH CHAN B-C-E CUA TRANSISTOR
Lu y : Cac Transistor BC239-c thay bang C1815
Va Transistor BC328 c thay bang A1015
Sau ay la cah xac nh chan B_C_E cho transistor A1015 va C1815

3- CAH XAC NH CHAN CUA IC
Hay nh rang : Hau het tren cac IC eu co mot dau cham mot goc IC hay
mot vat ban nguyet tre n mot ca nh cua IC , va quy tac em so th t cha n
cua IC luo n theo chieu ngc vi kim ong ho .
Chan so 1 cu a IC chnh la chan au tien na m tren canh ben trai cua
dau Cha m hay Vat ban nguyet.Vi quy c la vat ban nguyet hay da u cha m
phai c at be n tay trai!.

Hnh dang thc te K hieu cua C 1815/ A 1015
S O CHAN CUA MAX232
4- CACH OC GIA TR IEN TR
CACH TM GIA TR IEN TR
THONG QUA CAC VACH MAU
e tnh toan gia tr cua ien tr thong qua cac ma vach mau (color coded stripes)
tren ien tr , thng theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1 : at con ien tr sao cho Vach mau Va ng kim hay nhu bac cua ien tr -phai
goc ben pha tay phai cu a ban.
Bc 2 : Ban hay nhn ky 2 vach mau au tien pha ben trai (the first two stripes on the
left end). Tiep theo ban hay chuyen oi cac mau ma ban oc c ra thanh so theo
bang chuyen oi cho san di ay.
Bc 3 : Xong , ban hay nhn tiep vach th 3 . Vach nay chnh la he so nhan .
Ban hay chuyen oi vach mau th 3 nay ra gia tr theo bang cho san pha sau.
Bc 4 : en ay ban ch viec lay 2 con so bc 2 nhan vi con so bc 3 la ban a tm
c gia tr cua ien tr . Gia tr cua ien tr ma ban va tm se mang n v
la ohms
Vach mau nhu kim hay nhu bac ( tc la vach th 4 tnh t trai sang ) se cho chung ta biet
sai so cua no so vi gia tr ghi tren ien tr o.Theo toi th chung ta khong nen phai ban tam
oi vi eu nay, co ngha la chung ta khong can biet no trong khi thc ha nh.

Hay nh rang: oi vi ien tr chung ta can het sc lu y en mot tho ng so vo cung quan
trong o la cong suat chu ng cua no. Thong thng co ng suat ien tr ban th
trng se co cac mc sau :1/4 Watt , 0.5 Watt , 1W , 5W , 10W.. Nhng thong dung
nhatvan la ien tr 1/4 Watt- cho nen khi ban ra tiem mua phai noi ro ien tr can
mua la bao nhieu Watt- the mi la da n ien chuyen nghiep !.Gia hien thi 100 con
khoang 2.500 VN
BANG MA MAU IEN TR .
(Vi vach nhu kim hay bac nam ben phai)
Mau Vach 1 Vach 2 Vach 3 Vach 4
en 0 0 x1
Nau 1 1 x10
o 2 2 x100
Cam 3 3 x1,000
Vang 4 4 x10,000
Luc (Green) 5 5 x100,000
Lam (Blue) 6 6 x1,000,000
Tm 7 7
Xam 8 8
Trang 9 9
Nhu Kim 5%
Bac 10%

V du:
Cho mot ien tr co cac vach mau tnh t trai qua nh sau :
Xanh da tri( lam-blue) ,Xam , o, Nhu vang .Hay tmgia tr ien tr cu a no.
Bc 1.: Vach mau nhu vang phai c a t ben phai , roi en Bc2
Bc 2: Vach au tien la mau xanh da tri( blue) tra bang th thay no tng ng vi
so 6. Vach th 2 la mau xam va cung lam tng t ta co c so 8. Nh vay 2 con so au
tien cua ien tr co gia tr la 68.
Bc3: Vach th 3 la mau o -co ngha la x 100.
Bc4: Gia tr cua ien tr tm c se la : 68 x 100 = 6800 ohms
(6800 ohms = 6.8 kohms).
Vach mau nhu ong co ngha la gia tr chnh xac cua ien tr se sai kha c 5% so vi thc te
. Gia tr cua no co the se se nam gia 6,460 Kohms and 7,140 Kohms. (Do sai so 5% cua
6,800 = 0.05 x 6,800 = 340)
5) S O CHAN CUA CONG COM DB9:

(9p D-SUB male at PC (DTE))
Hay nh rang : Cong com gan tren may tnh la cong c( male )
e nhan dang cong COM c , ban ch can nhn vao th ban
se thay co cac chau ben trong
(9p D-SUB female at cable / mouse (DCE))
Hay nh rang : Cong ma ta can dung e lap rap mach nap la cong COM
nay , no la cong cai .
e nhan ra cong COM cai , ban ch can nhn vao th se thay
ch toan la cac lo.
Can lu y : Rat nhieu ban mua lon gia Cong c va cong Cai ,
cho nen khi i mua ban can noi ro la mua cong nao , va
cung nh la trong may tnh cua chung ta a san co
cong c roi . Gia moi cong COM -DB9 khoang 5.000
ma thoi .Nhac lai la phai het sc lu y kiem tra cho ky
trc khi han cong COM len mach nap , va tren mach
nap luon la cong Cai

VI- MOT SO CAC LU Y :
Bien the ien co the dung loai 450mA cho en 1Ampe . Vi ngo ra AC ( xoay
chieu) toi thieu la 12V AC . Tot nhat la nen mua bien the 1 Ampe co ngo ra 15
V gia khoang 13.000 .
IC on ap 7805 ban khongnen mua loai co ch mau trang loai nay a so la cua
Trung Hoa san xuat nen khong khi nao at ung 5V nh con so a ghi ca , ban
nen mua loai ch 7805 chm , loai nay chu nhiet cao va rat chuan volt . Gia cua
no khoang 3000 , neu mua hang cuth moi con ch het 500 rat re (ban rat
nhieu ch Nhat Tao) .!
Tng t cho LM317 cu ng nen mua loai ch chm va gia ca cung nh 7805 .
Transistor 2N2222 ban co the thay bang C1815 gia 300/c
Con cac linh kien eu co ban ch Nhat Tao
Trong qua trnh lap rap neu ban co gap truc trac hay bat ky mot s co nao sau khi
chnh ban than ban a co sa nhng van khong c th xin hay email cho chung toi
qua a ch sau : duong_phi_vxl@yahoo.com / duyphi@yahoo.com ,Neu cac ban xa
th viet th cho toi qua a ch : 67/30/10/25 ng Phu Trung P10- Q.Tan Bnh-
TpHCM hoac goi tr c tiep qua ien thoai 0914007477 gap Dng , bang kinh
nghiem a tng lap ra p loai nay , chung toi hy vong se em en cho ban nhng niem
vui bang mot tam long ay nhiet huyet ma ban khong phai ton mot khoang chi ph
nao ! Nhan ay chung toi cung xin noi luon la cung toi lam viec nay tren c s hoan
toan t nguyen v s phat trien nen ky thuat cua nc nha ngay moi mot hn ma
thoi!.

_____ < O > ______

Mi cac ban tiep tuc xem-va hay t lap rap cho mnh mot mach nap cho
chip AT89c2051 - 20 chan- nho gon- de lap chay ngay sau khi lap:


Hnh 4
Van e 3:
Con chip 89c2051 rat nho gon nen no c s dung rat nhieu trong cac ng
dung nho. Neu ban muo n va hoc Vi X Ly ong thi cung muon kham pha no qua
cac ng dung cu the, qua cac d an thc te e phat trien 89C2051 , 89c4051vi
ngon ng lap trnh Asemmbly th Mach Nap AT89C2051 chnh la ca u tra li .
No rat re va moi ngi eu co the t lam c .
II- PHAN CNG : S O VA BO MACH IN
1 ). S O CUA MACH NAP AT89C2051 :

MACH NAP :
Neu ban khong muon dung con Chip 89c51- 40 chan va to , lai
at tien th ban co the dung con chip 89c2051 20 chan va nho
gon , va tiet kiem tien bac nhng van ay u cac tnh nang nh
con chip 89c51.Va sau ay la mach nap chng trnh con chip
89c2051 nay ,ngoai ra mach nap AT89C2051 co n nap c cho
con chip 89c4051 luon.! Rat de lap rap .
TREN S O BA N HAY LU Y HAI IEM SAU :
K hieu IC ghi 89C2051 Writer.hex 2021 bytes goi la con Chip chnh
( Chip Master)
K hieu IC ghi 20 -PIN ZIF Socket 89c2051/ 89c4051 ay la cai Socket hay
la chan e e cam IC ( con goi la e cam IC 20 Chan) , hay goi la con chip
phu ( Chip Slave)
ay la hnh dang that cua Socket ( e e gan IC vao) 20 chan .

2) BO MACH IN- CUA MACH NAP AT89C2051 :
A) Hnh anh hng dan lap rap linh ken lenbo mach in:

Hay nh rang :
au tien ban ca n phai nap file Writer.HEX vao cho con ChipMaster . Nhng
kho noi la lay au ra mach nap e nap file Writer.Hex nay cho con Chip Master ??
Ban ng lo , ban co the mua con Chip Master a nap sa n nay tai quay photo B1 tai
trng ai hoc Bach Khoa hoac ban cung co the mua a mem 1,4Mb toi co chep san
file Writer.hex trong o luon roi , ban co the em ra cac tiem ien ch ien T
Nhat Tao , o ho co san ma y nap- ho se nap cho ban vi gia moi la n nap la 2.000.
B) Board mach in- cua mach nap:

C) Hnh anh cua mach nap hoan chnh :

III- PHAN MEM CHO MACH NAP AT89C2051
Mach nap AT89C2051 nay giao tiep vi may tnh thong qua phan mem EZ4.0.
Hien thi ay la phan mem mi nhat va hoan toan mien ph chay tren nen Windows
rat ep va rat de dang s dung .
Giao dien cuano nh sau:


Mot kieu khac:

Hay nh rang : MAX 232 16 chan con co the c thay the bang con chip DS257
het sc n giian ch co 8 chan thoi . Khi o bo mach in cua ban se
nho gon hn .

VA SAU AY XIN MI BAN XEM MOT LOAI BO MACH IN KHAC CUNG LAP
RAP THEO Y NH S O MACH NAP AT89C2051 TREN:

A) Hnh anh cua mach nap AT89C2051 hoan chnh:

b) Bo mach ong :

c) hnh hng dan lap rap linh kien len bo ong:

d) Bo mach c lam bang thu cong rat n gian :
Bang mach nay clambang tay het sc gian n , nhng ban phai het sc lu y
neu ban muon lam theo mach nay la: Ban phai han cac day t chan 12 19 cua con chip
89c2051 Master en cac chan 12 19 cua ZIF Socket nh trong hnh di nay:

IV- MOT SO LU Y VE CAC LINH KIEN CAN DUNG:

Hay nh rang: Cha n Command rat quan trong , chung ta ca n
han no xuong mass(GND) mot cach het sc cha c chan neu nh
chan nay han khong khe o co lam cho ien a p ngo ra tang vot
len rat cao gan bang ien ap ngo vao (9-12V) se lam hong cac
chip .


Lu y : Cac Transistor 2N222- c thay bang C1815
Va Transistor 2N2907 c thay ba ng A1015

Hay nh rang : Hau het tren cac IC eu co mot dau
cham mot goc IC hay mot vat ban nguyet tre n mot
canh cua IC , va quy tac e m so th t cha n cua IC
luon theo chieu ngc vi kim ong ho .
Chan so 1 cu a IC chnh la chan au tien na m
tren ca nh ben trai cua dau Cham hay Vat ban
nguyet.Vi quy c la va t ba n nguyet hay dau cham
phai c at ben tay trai!.

Hnh dang thc te C1815
/ A1015
K hieu cua C 1815/ A 1015
4) S O CHAN CUA CONG COM DB9:

(9p D-SUB male at PC (DTE))
Hay nh rang : Cong com gan tren may tnh la cong c( male )
e nhan dang cong COM c , ban ch can nhn vao th ban
se thay co cac chau ben trong
(9p D-SUB female at cable / mouse (DCE))
Hay nh rang : Cong ma ta can dung e lap rap mach nap la cong COM
nay , no la cong cai .
e nhan ra cong COM cai , ban ch can nhn vao th se thay
ch toan la cac lo.
cong c roi . Gia moi cong COM -DB9 khoang 5.000
ma thoi .Nhac lai la phai het sc lu y kiem tra cho ky
trc khi han cong COM len mach nap , va tren mach
nap luon la cong Cai
5 ) CACH OC GIA TR IEN TR
e tnh toan gia tr cua ien tr thong qua cac ma vach mau (color coded stripes)
tren ien tr , thng theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1 : at con ien tr sao cho Vach mau Vang kim hay nhu bac cua ien tr -phai
goc ben pha tay phai cu a ban.
Bc 2 : Ban hay nhn ky 2 vach mau au tien pha ben trai (the first two stripes on the
left end). Tiep theo ban hay chuyen oi cac mau ma ban oc c ra thanh so theo
bang chuyen oi cho san di ay.
Bc 3 : Xong , ban hay nhn tiep vach th 3 . Vach nay chnh la he so nhan .
Ban hay chuyen oi vach mau th 3 nay ra gia tr theo bang cho san pha sau.
S O CHAN CUA MAX232 S O CHAN CUA CHIP AT89C2051
Bc 4 : en ay ban ch viec lay 2 con so bc 2 nhan vi con so bc 3 la ban a tm
c gia tr cua ien tr . Gia tr cua ien tr ma ban va tm se mang n v
la ohms
Vach mau nhu kim hay nhu bac ( tc la vach th 4 tnh t trai sang ) se cho chung ta biet
sai so cua no so vi gia tr ghi tren ien tr o.Theo toi th chung ta khong nen phai ban tam
oi vi eu nay, co ngha la chung ta khong can biet no trong khi thc ha nh.

Hay nh rang: oi vi ien tr chung ta can het sc lu y en mot tho ng so vo cung quan
trong o la cong suat chu ng cua no. Thong thng co ng suat ien tr ban th
trng se co cac mc sau :1/4 Watt , 0.5 Watt , 1W , 5W , 10W.. Nhng thong dung
nhatvan la ien tr 1/4 Watt- cho nen khi ban ra tiem mua phai noi ro ien tr can
mua la bao nhieu Watt- the mi la da n ien chuyen nghiep !.Gia hien thi 100 con
khoang 2.500 VN
BANG MA MAU IEN TR .
(Vi vach nhu kim hay bac nam ben phai)
Mau Vach 1 Vach 2 Vach 3 Vach 4
en 0 0 x1
Nau 1 1 x10
o 2 2 x100
Cam 3 3 x1,000
Vang 4 4 x10,000
Luc (Green) 5 5 x100,000
Lam (Blue) 6 6 x1,000,000
Tm 7 7
Xam 8 8
Trang 9 9
Nhu Kim 5%
Bac 10%
V du:
Cho mot ien tr co cac vach mau tnh t trai qua nh sau :
Xanh da tri( lam-blue) ,Xam , o, Nhu vang .Hay tmgia tr ien tr cu a no.
Bc 1.: Vach mau nhu vang phai c a t ben phai , roi en Bc2
Bc 2: Vach au tien la mau xanh da tri( blue) tra bang th thay no tng ng vi
so 6. Vach th 2 la mau xam va cung lam tng t ta co c so 8. Nh vay 2 con so au
tien cua ien tr co gia tr la 68.
Bc3: Vach th 3 la mau o -co ngha la x 100.
Bc4: Gia tr cua ien tr tm c se la : 68 x 100 = 6800 ohms
(6800 ohms = 6.8 kohms).
Vach mau nhu ong co ngha la gia tr chnh xac cua ien tr se sai kha c 5% so vi thc te
. Gia tr cua no co the se se nam gia 6,460 Kohms and 7,140 Kohms. (Do sai so 5% cua
6,800 = 0.05 x 6,800 = 340)

VI- MOT SO CAC LU Y :
Bien the ien co the dung loai 450mA cho en 1Ampe . Vi ngo ra AC ( xoay
chieu) toi thieu la 12V AC . Tot nhat la nen mua bien the 1 Ampe co ngo ra 15
V gia khoang 13.000 .
IC on ap 7805 ban khongnen mua loai co ch mau trang loai nay a so la cua
Trung Hoa san xuat nen khong khi nao at ung 5V nh con so a ghi ca, ban
nen mua loai ch 7805 chm , loai nay chu nhiet cao va rat chuan volt . Gia cua
no khoang 3000 , neu mua hang cuth moi con ch het 500 rat re (ban rat
nhieu ch Nhat Tao) .!
Tng t cho LM317 cu ng nen mua loai ch chm va gia ca cung nh 7805 .
Transistor 2N2222 ban co the thay bang C1815 gia 300/c
Con cac linh kien eu co ban ch Nhat Tao
Trong qua trnh lap rap neu ban co gap truc trac hay bat ky mot s co na o sau khi chnh
ban than ban a co sa nhng van khong c th xin hay email cho chu ng toi qua a ch
sau : duong_phi_vxl@yahoo.com / duyphi@yahoo.com ,hoac goi trc tiep qua ien thoai
0914007477 hay 08.8616115

XIN MI BAN XEM TIEP MOT LOAI MACH NAP VI X LY KHAC
BANG CONG MAY IN VI TOC O CC KY NHANH -LAI RA T N GIAN !

ay la hnh anh hoan chnh cua mach nap 89c2051 qua cong may in:

Van e 4

Hay nh rang : Cac ban muon nap chng trnh ma ban a viet va o cho con chip vi khien ,
th trc het ban phai bien dch no ra file Hex trc a, roi t o ba n m i du ng mach nap
nay e na p file Hex ma ban va bien dch vao cho con chip AT89C2051.
Neu Cac ba n muon biet cach lam sao e bien dch ra file Hex t mot file ASM (
c viet bang ngon ng Assembly ) th cac ban ha y xem Pha n 3 Hng Da n S Du ng
Cac Pha n Mem Vi X Lycu a quye n sach nay .
I. S O LAP RAP :

MACH NAP:
AT89C2051 QUA CONG MAY IN
Sau ay la mot loai mach nap chng trnh cho AT89C2051
thong qua cong may in (Parallel Printer Port) , loai Mach nap nay
con goi la mach nap song song.
u iem :ln nhat cua loai nay la thi gian nap chng t may
tnh di dang file Hex sang vi ieu khien cc ky nhanh .
II. BOARD MACH IN:
ay la Board mach in e gan linh kien , cac ban co the lien he vi phong Photo B1
trng h.Bach Khoa (no nam ngay di cau thang day B1) e lay ban ve nay a c
in san bang may in Laser , sau o ban hay dung ban la (hay con goi: ban ui e a no
len bo ong).
Lu y : Neu cac ban muon biet cach Thiet Ke Bo Mach In va cah ta o ra mot ban
mach in chat lng cao th ban hay xem Phan 2 HNG DAN LAM BO MACH IN
CHAT L NG CAO trong quye n sach nay.

Hay lu y rang: Ban co the download phan mem cung s o va board mach
in va nhieu van e khac rat hay tai website :
www.qsl.net/dg5dbz/main_eng.html

III. HNG DAN LA P RAP LINH KIEN LEN BO MACH IN:

IV- MACH HOAN CHNH SAU KHI A LAP RAPXONG:

V-PHAN MEM-CHO MACH NAP 89C2051 QUA CONG MAY IN:
Mach nap nay s dung phan WinATProg chay tren moi trng windows 98/ Me
dung lng 273kb . Giao dien nh sau :

Ban co chon loai Chip e nap trong muc menu Prozessor :
* AT89C1051 * AT89C2051 * AT89C4051

Ban cung co the chon lai ngon ng hien th tren giao dien la tieng anh :

Hay lu y rang: Ban co the download phan mem nay cung s o board mach
in va nhieu van e khac rat hay tai website :
www.qsl.net/dg5dbz/main_eng.html

IV- MOT SO LU Y VE CAC LINH KIEN CAN DUNG:
Hay nh rang: Chan Command rat quan
trong , chung ta can han no xuong
mass(GND) mot cach het sc chac chan
neu nh chan nay han khong kheo co lam
cho ien ap ngo ra tang vot len rat cao
gan bang ien ap ngo vao (9-12V) se lam
hong cac chip .

2- S O CHAN CUA CONG MAY IN

25p D-SUB female at PC

Hay nh rang : Cong May in gan tren may tnh la cong Cai( female )
e nhan dang cong May in Cai , ban ch can nhn vao th
ban se thay co cac Lo ben trong

25p D-SUB male at parallel-cable

Hay nh rang : Cong ma ta can dung e lap rap mach nap la cong May in
nay , no la cong c . e nhan ra cong COM cai , ban
ch can nhn vao th se thay ch toan la cac Chau.
cong c roi . Gia moi cong may in DB25 khoang
5.000 ma thoi .Nhac lai la phai het sc lu y kiem tra
cho ky trc khi han cong may in len mach nap , va tren
mach nap luon la cong c


Hay nh rang : Hau het
tren cac IC eu co mot dau
cham mot goc IC hay mot
vat ban nguyet tren mot
canh cua IC , va quy tac
em so th t cha n cua IC
luon theo chieu ngc vi
kim ong ho .
Chan so 1 cu a IC
chnh la chan au tien nam
tren ca nh ben trai cua dau
Cham hay Vat ba n nguye t.

5- CACH OC GIA TR IEN TR
tren a hng dan , xin xem lai .

Hnh dang thc te C1815 / A1015 K hieu cua C 1815/ A 1015
Neu ban khong muon la p rap nhieu mach nap cho tng loai vi x ly va
ban muon nap that nhanh nhieu loai vi x ly , th ay chnh la cau tra
li. Vi ban mach in hai mat ang co ban san ban co the mua ve t
rap lay ! Rat n gian de lam.
Van e 5:

ay la mach nap tong hp nhieu loai vi x ly khac nhau , toc o rat nhanh , hien tai c
nhieu ngui s dung , a so van la sinh vien . Ma ch ien n gian , ben canh o con co san
bo mach hai lp vi gia rat re khoang 50.000 cho 1 mach .Loai nay giao tiep qua cong
may in.
Hien tai mach nap tong hp nay co the nap chng trnh cho cac vi x ly sau:
AT89C51
AT89C52
AT89C55
AT89C1051
AT89C1051U
AT89C2051
AT89C4051
Hay lu y la : oi vi loai chip 20 chan th ta phai dung mot Mach Giao tiep 20 Chan
e dung th mi dung c . Mach Giao tiep 20 Channay nh the nao th
xin ban hay xemcac pha n tiep theoth se ro.!

Ban co the mua Bo mach nap nay tai cho lam mach Kim Sn
Quan 1-Tp.HCM - ng Nguyen th Minh Khai- hem so 17-19 gan
cau Th Nghe gia 50.000mot mach

MACH NAP TONG HP:
89C51 & 89C2051 - QUA CONG MAY IN
I-S O MACH NAP:

Hnh 5
Hay lu y la : oi vi loai chip 20 chan th ta phai dung mot Mach Giao tiep 20 Chan
e dung th mi dung c . s o Mach Giao tiep 20 Chan nh sau:
Hnh 6
Ban hay nhn len hnh 5 th thay k hieu K2 va ban hay nhn hnh 6 cung thay k
hieu K2 . ieu o co ngha la :Cac con vi x ly 20 chan se c ga n vao socket K1,
socket K1 se c gan len K2 . Cung co ngha la Bo mach K1 ( hnh 6) la mot bo ri , no
phai c rap rieng.
II - nguong cung cap cho mach nap:
Nguon cung cap cho ma ch nap se thong qua U6-LM7805, nen ngo ra ch con 5V cung cap
cho mach nap s dung . Bien the nguon nen dung loai co ngo ra 15 V- en 18v AC (xoay
chieu) la tot nhat .

III - Lu y cah ieu chnh hai bien tr P1 va P2 nh sau:
1. au tien chnh P1 e c 12.75V tai ngo ra cua con on ap LM317 . Hay lam cho chac
chan la con transistor T4 trang thai tat hoac noi chan B (base) cua T4 xuong mass GND.
2. Bay gii hay ngan ma ch chan C cua transistor T4 xuong mass ground.
3. ieu chnh P2 e c 12.0V tai ngo ra cua LM317 .

IV- Danh sach linh kien can dung cho mach nap:

Th t So lng K hieu tren s o Gia tr
_________________________________________________________________________
1 1 B1 Diot cau(BRIDGE)loai:1A 100v
2 5 C1,C2,C3,C6,C8 100nF
3 2 C4,C5 33pF
4 1 C7 2.2nF (Tu pi:222 hay 0,0022pF)
5 1 C9 1000uF 25V
6 3 C10,C11,C12 10uF 25V
7 1 D1 1N4148
8 1 D2 LED RED 3mm
9 1 D3 LED GREEN 3mm
10 1 K1 DB25M-R/A CONNECTOR PCB TYPE
11 1 K2 ZIF SOCKET 40 WAY
12 1 K3 (Bo mach in )PCB TERMINAL BLOCK 2 WAY
13 1 P1 5K bien tro
14 1 P2 50K Bien tro
15 2 R1,R3 Dien tro thanh: 4K7 x 8
16 7 R2,R4,R8,R11,R12,R13,R15 4K7
17 2 R7,R5 1K
18 1 R6 3K3
19 1 R9 2K7
20 1 R10 680R
21 1 R14 220R
22 2 T2,T1 2N3906
23 2 T3,T4 2N3904
24 1 U1 74HC299
25 2 U4,U2 74HC595
26 1 U3 74HC573
27 1 U5 LM317LZ
28 1 U6 LM7805
29 1 X1 Thach anh(CRYSTAL):4.0 MHz

ADAPTER FOR 89CX051
_________________________________________________________________________
1 1 K1 ZIF SOCKET 20 WAY
2 2 K2 20 WAY WW SOCKET STRIP

V- BO MACH IN:
Ban co the mua Bo mach nap nay tai cho lam mach Kim Sn
Quan 1-Tp.HCM - ng Nguyen th Minh Khai- hem so 17-19 gan
cau Th Nghe gia 50.000mot mach
Toi ngh mach nap nay chung ta neu t lam se rat ton kem , gia tien ma ban t lam
co the hn 100.000 .Do o theo toi e ngh ba n nen mua la hn. Tuy nhien toi cung in ra
ay cac ban mach in cua no cho ban xem .




VI- PHAN MEM CHO MACH NAP
Hien tai dang mach nay mi ch co phan mem chay tren moi trng DOS , ten cua chng
trnh nayla PGM89 ,ban co the de dang dowload tai a ch websita sau :
http://chaokhun.kmitl.ac.th/%7Ekswichit/personal
Dung lng 51,9kb ,hoa c ban cung co the lien he phong Photo B1- trng ai hoc Bach
Khoa ,toi co ghi san trong a mem 1,44mb.
Giao dien PGM89 nh sau :

Cac ac tnh cua phan mem nay la :
Read and Write Intel Hex File ( oc va nap cac file dang .Hex)
Read Chip info ( oc ca c thong tin co trong Chip)
Verify from hex file ( Kiem tra file HEX sau khi nap xong)
Selection LPT1, 2 & 3 ( c la chon cong ma y in)
Remember the previous settings of the programmer
(Co the lu/nh - u tien cho cac file da nap)
Hay nh rang: Chan Command rat quan
trong , chung ta can han no xuong
mass(GND) mot cach het sc chac chan
neu nh chan nay han khong kheo co lam
cho ien ap ngo ra tang vot len rat cao
gan bang ien ap ngo vao (9-12V) se lam
hong cac chip .
2- S O CHAN CUA CONG MAY IN

25p D-SUB female at PC

Hay nh rang : Cong May in gan tren may tnh la cong Cai( female )
e nhan dang cong May in Cai , ban ch can nhn vao th
ban se thay co cac Lo ben trong

25p D-SUB male at parallel-cable

Hay nh rang : Cong ma ta can dung e lap rap mach nap la cong May in
nay , no la cong c . e nhan ra cong COM cai , ban
ch can nhn vao th se thay ch toan la cac Chau.
cong c roi . Gia moi cong may in DB25 khoang
5.000 ma thoi .Nhac lai la phai het sc lu y kiem tra
cho ky trc khi han cong may in len mach nap , va tren
mach nap luon la cong c

Hnh dang thc te C1815 / A1015 K hieu cua C 1815/ A 1015
PHAN 2:

HNG DAN LAM BO MACH IN
CHAT LNG CAO

VAN E 6:

I-GII THIEU :
Hien nay viec ng dung may tnh e thiet ke ma ch in ngay mot tr nen kha
pho bien nh Orcad, eagle, Protel. Tuy nhien de s dung hn ca va hieu qua nhat
o la phan mem Eagle , no rat n gian , giao dien ep , khong qua phc tap trong
khi thiet ke mach in. Chnh v nhng ac iem nay ma a so cac sinh vien hien
nay nhat la sinh vien trng ky thuat ang s du ng phan mem nay .
II-NOI DUNG :
Ve noi dung hng dan thiet ke mach in bang phan mem Eagle 4.01 toi
cung a soan xong va lam thanh mot quyen sach rieng khoang gan 20 trang . Neu cac ban
muon xem th co the lien he vi Phong Photo B1 trng h.Bach Khoa hoac cac ban cung
co the xem noi dung cua quyen sach nay tren ma ng theo a ch sau:
www.vixuly.cjp.net

VAN E 7:


I-GII THIEU:
Thong thng ban can in 1 ban mach ma ban t thiet ke len bo ong(Cu) ban
thng phai ra tiem at lam dum vi gia khong c re cho lam (thng la 100.000 tr
len ).Vay th tai sao ban lai khong t mnh lam lay vi gia khoang la 6.000 nh ?
Sau ay la 1 qua trnh rut kinh nghiem cua chung toi trong qua trnh thc hien khi a ban
mach t may tnh len ban Cu

NOI DUNG :
Van e 6:
Van e 7:
NHANH - N GIAN - HIEU QUA
Lu y: ay chung toi ch hng dan ban la m mach in mot mat ma thoi . Neu ba n
muon lam mach in 2 ma t th hay lien he vi chung toi hoac ban co the lie n he
vi c s la m mach sau :
Kim Sn Quan 1-Tp.HCM - ng Nguyen th Minh Khai- hem so 17-
19 gan cau Th Nghe

II-TIEN TRNH LAM MACH IN :
Bc 1:
au tien ban dung may tnh e thiet ke bang ma ch in ma ban muon thc hien bang
cac phan mem thong du ng sau :Eagle, Orcad, Protel, Traxmat...v.v.v. (cac ban co the xem
hng dan t thiet ke mach in bang phan mem Eagle Version4.01 nh hng dan muc
2.6) .
Giao dien thiet ke mach in cua phan mem Eagle 4.01 :

Sau khi ban thiet ke , ha y lu no lai trong a me m va in ra bang mc laze len giay
photo thng , moi t photo gia khoang 300 .
Hay lu y: Phai in bang mc in Laser .
Khong nen in len giay scan v giay scan mong qua khi ui se b chay , khong in
len giay kieng v mc de b lem & rat ton kem (1500 cho 1 t giay ).
Ni in gia sinh vien:Cong th 3 cua trng H BACH KHOA Tp HCM nhn qua ben kia
ng
Bc 2:
at t giay co in mach len mieng Cu. Sau o ui len t giay(trong khoang t 10 15
phut ) nh la phai ui eu t gia ra en cac ng vien (ban ui phai nong )
+Sau khoang thi gian o t giay co ve b nam lai .Ui xong th bo bang Cu vao nc e
khoang 15 phut tr len cho lp giay muc ra roi boc nhe lp giay ra .
Khi o mc laze se in len bang Cu toan bo nh mnh a thiet ke mach
Bc 3:
Ra mach bang bot FeCl
3
pha vao nc , tuy vao lng bot ban cho vao (thng la
2 bch khi ban muon la m nhanh va ra nhieu mach cung luc ).
Sau khi ra mach th lp Cu khong c mc laze bao ve se b tan het e lai nhng
ng mc laze ( di co lp Cu).
Sau o ban hay ra sach bang mach bang nc lanh that ky lng nhieu lan , roi
dung giay nham cha s s len mach Cu e lam bay het lp mc laze , nh vay ban a lam
c ban mach ma ban a t thiet ke .
Hay lu y : Lam lan a u thng hay b hong do ui khong eu , khi o ban hay lay
giay nham cha cho bay lp mc roi lam lai nhe !

III- LI KET :
ay ch la nhng kinh nghiem cua chung toi trong qua trnh la m mach ,cho nen sai
sot cung la ieu co the xay ra .Do o knh mong cung ba n oc gop y & bo sung e tap sach
nay ngay mot hoan thien hn .

PHAN 3:

HNG DAN S DUNG CAC PHAN MEM VI X LY

Van e 8:

MOT SO PHAN MEM LAP TRNH - SOAN THAO
ASSEMBLER

I-GII THIEU:
Nhan tien viet tapsach nay ,toi xin gii thieu cung cac ban s lc ve mot so
phanmem thong dung gianh cho Vi X Ly , cac phan mem ma toi gii thieu hien ang co
rat nhieu taicac tiem ba n software , cac ban co the mua o hoac len mang vao trang web
:
vixuly.cjp.net e download ve s dung hoan toanmien ph .
Toi cung xin noi trc la tat ca nhng g ma toi hng dan ay hoan toa n la toi a
tai nghiem bang thc te roi nen cac ban c yen tamma s dung , ngoai ra co mot so phan
mem mi khac rat hay nhng toi cha be khoa c hay cha cap nhat kp th cung mong
caca ban thong cam bo qua cho toi .

II-CAC PHAN MEM LAP TRNH- SOAN THAO VI X LYASSEMBLER:
1) LAP TRNH ASSENBLER BANG NOTEPAD:
T menu Star ban hay vao muc Program e m ca so NOTEPAD nh hnh sau.
Sau khi ban a lap trnh xong th lulai vi uoi la cham-asm nh sau:
*** .asm

Lu y rang : Dau *** la ni e cho ban at ten chng trnh cua ban .
Ten ma ban at dai toi a la 8 k t ma thoi .
V du ten hp le: ledtest.asm , denchop.asm , leduyphi.asm

NOI DUNG
Van e 8:
MOT SO PHAN MEM LAP TRNH / SOAN THAO ASSEMBLY
Van e 9:
CAC PHAN MEM BIEN DCH FILE .ASM RA FILE .HEX
Van e 10 :
Van e 11 :
HNG DAN S DUNG Ezdl4.0 CHO CAC MACH NAP

Hnh : M ca so NOTEPAD e lap trnh ASM
2) LAP TRNH ASSENBLER BANG NC-EDIT ( NORTONCOMMANDER):
Ngoai Notepad ra , ban con co the lap trnh Assembler bang chc nang soan thao
Edit cua Norton Commander chay tren Windows hoac Dos cung c .
e m chc nang nay cua NC ban hay nhan hai phm: SHIFT + F4
Sau o ban cung lu lai vi ten la: ***.ASM

VAN E 9:
CAC PHAN ME M
BIEN DCH FILE .ASM RA FILE .HEX
I-GII THIEU:
Nh cung ta biet , muon nap c noi dung chng trnh ma chung ta a lap trnh
vao cho con vi x ly e no hoat ong th chung ta phai nap vao cho no cac file co
dang la file .HEX hoac la file .BIN , nhng a so ngi ta thng nap cho no cac
file co dang la file .HEX . Do o toi xin gii thieu cung vi cac ban cac phan mem
thng dung e chuyen cac file co dang la file .Asm sang dang file .Hex o la
ASM51 va TASM .
II_CAC PHAN MEM PHIEN DCH .ASM SANG .HEX:
(A) PHAN MEM ASM51 :
1-CAC FILE CAN CO TRONG BO ASM51:
Trong bo ASM51 gom co cac file sau:
ASM51.EXE The Cross Assembler program itself
MOD152 Source file for the $MOD152 control
Tong dung lng : 153Kb
2) CACH S DUNG:
- Sau khi ban lap trnh xong ( bang Notepad hay NC-Edit nh a noi tren)
ban hay lu no lai vi ten la: ***.asm , toi gia s rang la : vidu.asm va file
nay ban lu tren o a C:\ chang han, ong thi toi cung gia s rang ban
cung e bo ASM51 nay tren o a C:\ th khi o chung ta co nh sau:
C:\ vidu.asm
ASM51.EXE The Cross Assembler program itself
Sau o ban hay m ca so MS-DOS va go dong lenh y nh sau th ban se c mot
file co ten la: vidu.hex , dong lenh nh sau :
C:\asm51 vidu.asm hoac C:\asm51 vidu
Nh vay la ban a hoan thanh xong cong viec bien dch file >ASM sang file >HEX roi ,
bay gii ban co rhe lay file nay nap vao cho con chip vi x ly cua ban c roi ay .
3) Phan Mem Nay Kiem au :
Cac ban co the vao trang Web cua toi e tai ve s dung mien ph hoan toan :
http://vixuly.cjp.net hay ban cung co the lien he tai phong Photo B1 (di cau
thang) trng H.Bach Khoa Tp.HCM toi co chep san trong a mem 1,44Mb.

B) PHAN MEM TASM
Tiep theo toi xin gii thieu cung cac ban mot phan mem khac cung bien dch file
.ASM sang file.HEX rat hay khac o la phan me m : TASM
1) Noi Dung Cac File Co Trong Bo TASM
Bo Tasm cha trong mot file co ten la Tasminst co ngha la Tasm instal ( tep
tin e cai at) ban click chuot len tep tin nay th t ong no se t giai nen va cai at
luon dung lng cua tep tin Tasminst la 126Kb , cac ban co the vao trang Web cua
toi e tai ve s dung mien ph hoan toan : http://vixuly.cjp.net hay ban cung co
the lien he tai phong Photo B1 (di cau thang) trng H.Bach Khoa Tp.HCM
2) CACH S DUNG :
Ban hay thoat khoi windows ra moi trng DOS bang cach t moi trng
Windows98 , ban click chuot vao Star menu chon muc Program roi chon tiep
MS-DOS prompt , nh vay la ban a ra ngoai moi trng DOS roi o .

Sau o ban hay thay o i lai ng dan , cung th muc e en ni chua file TASM e bat
au bien dch bang cah s dung dong lenh sau :
tasm -51 *.asm *.hex
Toi gia s , ban e file phan memTASM va file ledtest.asm tai o a C:\ chang han , th khi
o ban se go ung dong len sau e bien dch file ledtest.asm :
C:\ tasm -51 ledtest.asm ledtest.hex

Ket qua cua viec lam na y ban se tao ra c file : ledtest.hex.
Xong , bay gii th ban hay ong ca so: DOS prompt e tr lai vi windows.
Hay lu y rang : Ban cung co the tao ra tep tin kiem tra loi lap trnh trc khi tao ra tep
tin napcho vi x ly , bang cach ban tao ra file co uoi la .Lst , tep tin nay se kiem tra loi
cu phap lenh trong chng trnh cua ban , no se ch cho ban thay nhng loi sai e ban kp
thi sa cha .Khi o ba n hay go cau lenh sau:

tasm -51 *.asm *.obj
Ket qua ta se c 2 tep tin :*.Obj va *.Lst . Cung vi gia s nh tren ta se go nh sau :
C:\ tasm -51 ledtest.asm ledtest.obj
Sau o ban c hai tep tin : ledtest.obj va ledtest.Lst ban hay m file Ledtest.Lst nay
bang Notepad hay Word e xem ket qua kiem tra.!

Ngoai ra phan mem Tasm nay con ho tr cho mot so loai Vi X Ly khac na , khi o tuy
theo loai ma ban se go cac dong lenh cho phu h p , toi xin chep nguyen ban tieng anh hh
sau :

TASM - Table Driven Assembler Version 2.8
assemble the code in a file called source.asm, one would enter:

tasm -48 source.asm for an 8048 assembly
tasm -65 source.asm for a 6502 assembly
tasm -51 source.asm for an 8051 assembly.
tasm -85 source.asm for an 8085 assembly.
tasm -80 source.asm for a Z80 assembly.
tasm -05 source.asm for a 6805 assembly.
tasm -68 source.asm for a 6800/6801 assembly.
tasm -70 source.asm for a TMS7000 assembly.
tasm -32 source.asm for a TMS32010 assembly.

The file name that the tables are read from is formed by taking the
digits specified after the '-' and appending it to 'TASM' then
appending the '.TAB' extension. Thus, the '-48' flag would cause
the tables to be read from the file 'TASM48.TAB'.

It is possible to designate tables by non numeric part numbers if
the '-t' flag is used. For example, if a user built a table called
TASMF8.TAB then TASM could be invoked as follows:

tasm -tf8 source.asm

Each option flag must be preceded by a dash. Options need not
precede the file names, however. The various options are described
below:
C- MOT PHAN MEM BIEN DCH KHAC :
Trong a SoftWare c ien 2003 cua bo mon c ien t toi thay co gii thieu mot bo dch
nhng khong biet la te n g , nhng co ay u cac tep tin can dung trong th muc
DichASM , cac ban co the mua va s dung no :
Cach s dung :
Day la mot so phan mem de bien dich asm sang hex hoac bin
Cho ho ic intel. Chay tren moi truong dos
Cac ban phai su dung ket hop cac phan mem voi nhau.
1/ ban lap trinh assembler bang notepad hoac nc-edit (nhan shift +f4).
2/ sau do luu lai thanh file : *.asm
3/ su dung "x8051" de kiem tra loi va bien dich thanh : *.obj
4/ su dung "link" de bien dich *.obj thanh *.hex
5/ nhu vay ban da co file *.hex de nap vao ic hay rom.
Neu may nap cua ban can file *.bin thi ban dung "hexbin2" de chuyen doi.
Ngoai ra con phan mem Assemblers vs dung lng ch 40 kb va nhieu phan mem bien
dch rat hay khac toi se gii thieu cung cac ban trong tap 2 Hng dan giao tiep vi x ly vi may
tnh , xin mi cac ban on oc!
Xin chuc cac ban
van s thanh
cong !
VAN E 10:


1) Phan mem mo phong 8051 JSIM-51 mien ph hoan toan bi Jens Altmann.

Dung lng : 395 kb

3) PHAN MEM MO PHONG Emulator 8051 V1.0
Phan mem Emulator 8051 V1.0 bi TS Controls la mot phan mem mo phong cho 8051
Hien nay no co nhieu tren cac a Software ien t, cac ban co the mua no, thong thng
no co ten la Ts_Contols 8051.
Dung lng: 963kb
Lu y : Mot so phan me m ln toi khong the a len mang , va mot so phan mem a co ban
cac tiem Software th toi cung ch gii thieu , cac ban hay chu kho mua , hoac co
the lien he rieng vi toi neu c toi se gi cho cac ban !
Giao dien cua phan me m nay nh sau :


3) Ngoai ra con mot phan mem mo phong khac chay tren moi tr6ng Dos nh sau:

Emily 8051/8052 V1.7 cua Dunfield Development Systems la mot phan mem mo phong
cho 8051 for DOS.
Dung lng : 357 kb

Van e 11:

HNG DAN S DUNG PHAN MEM EZ4.0
CHO MACH NAP VI X LY

I-Giao dien cua EZ4.0 nh sau:

II - CACH S DUNG:
Optin 1: Khi ban nut na y th con chip cua ban no se khoa lai , sau nay ban
khong the nao nap lai c na do o rat t ai chon option nay , theo toila
khong chon th tot hn e co the nap nhieu lan !
Option 2: Khi ban nut nay viec kiem tra sau khi nap xong se dien ra rat nhanh ,
ban co chon hay khong tuy y chang he han g ca !
Command 1: Chc nang cua Command nay la nap chng trnh file.Hex vao
cho vi x Ly .Ban hay nhan vao command nay e ch en ni cha file ,Hex
can nap e tien hanh qua trnh nap .
Lu y la : Khi ban chon Command nay th ieu au tien no se xoa noi dung
cu tren con vi x ly neu co , e don ng chuan b nap noi dung mi
vao , cong viec nay c no lam t ong hoan toan .
Command 2: Chc nang nay se oc ngc noi dung co trong con vi x ly cua
ban ra ngoai lai di da ng file .Hex .

Hay nh rang : Phan mem nay dung chung cho ca hai mach nap AT89C51 va
At89C2051 , viec nhan dang se c no lam t ong hoan toan .

Option 2
Option 1
Command 1
Command 2
PHAN 4:

CAC MACH IEN VI X LY - LY THU- N GIAN
CHO NGI MI BAT AU HOC LAP TRNH CUNG VI X LY

Van e 12 MACH 1:

Hay Lam Mot en Led Chp Vi- 8951

Bc 1)
Bc au tien la lam ma ch ien . Tai thi iem nay ban phai lam quen v i viec s
dung cac linh kien .( ay co 2 ien tr , 3 cai tu , 1 thach anh 12Mhz va 1 en
Led , tat ca eu co ban ch Nhat Tao ca ). Ban co the at cac linh kien nay len
tren mot breakboard roi dung day ien noi chung lai ( breakboard bay ban rat
nhieu ch Nhat Tao ban hay mua mot cai e lam cac th nghiem !) . S thiet ke
nay dung vi con vi ieu khien 89c51 .

ieu duy nhat ma chung toi muon lam mach na y la :Lam cho Led chp . Bang viec lam
nay ban se co the c hoc mot chng trnh x ly c viet bang ngon ng Assembly va
sau o ban se biet cach nap file chng trnh vao cho con Chip vi ieu khien .

Lan au tien nay chung toi san san viet san cac dong code cho ban bang
ngon ng Assembly , file nay se co ten la : ledtest.asm , chung ta se s dung
no cho mach nay .
Ma code nh sau :
ORG 0030H
LOOP:
CLR P1.0 ;P1.0 SANG
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.0 ;P1.0 TAT
CALL DELAY_1S
LJMP LOOP
DELAY_1S:
MOV R1,#20
LOOP1: MOV R2,#200
LOOP2: MOV R3,#255
LOOP3: DJNZ R3,LOOP3
DJNZ R2,LOOP2
DJNZ R1,LOOP1
RET
END
Hay nh rang : Dong Code nao bat au bang da u ; th o la dong chu thch , do o
chung ta co the bo qua ma khong anh hng g en chng trnh ca.
Sau khi viet xong ban hay lu lai vi ten la : ledtest.asm

BC 2 : BIEN DCH CHNG TRNH
Hay MOVE file ledtest.asm nay en th muc ni ma ban a cha pha n mem
TASM . Tiep theo ban hay thoat khoi windows ra moi trng DOS bang cach t
moi trng Windows98 , ban click chuot vao Star menu chon muc Program
roi chon tiep MS-DOS prompt , nh vay la ban a ra ngoai moi trng DOS roi
o .

tasm -51 ledtest.asm ledtest.hex
Toi gia s , ban e file phan memTASM va file ledtest.asm tai o a C:\ chang han , th khi
o ban se go ung dong len sau e bien dch file ledtest.asm :
C:\ tasm -51 ledtest.asm ledtest.hex

Ket qua cua viec lam na y ban se tao ra c file : ledtest.hex.

Bc 3 ) Nap chng trnh vao cho con Chip Vi X Ly
Bay gii ban hay em Mach Nap AT89C51 ra, nap file ledtest.hex vao cho con
vi x ly .
Lu y : Hay lam can than moi th nh nguon cung cap va day noi cong COM
Ban hay at con chip Vi X Ly 89c51 can nap vao Socket Chip Slave
Hay nh : at ung chan- hay nhn ky so 1 tren hnh ay nhe , toi cung a lan at lon
roi o !).

Tiep en , ban m phan mem EZ4.0 , phan me m nay no se t nhan biet s hien dien
Mach Nap AT89c51 , roi sau o ban hay oi ng dan e ch en ni cha file
lesdtest.hex e nap vao cho 89c51. Tat ca moi viec sau o se clam t ong .

Sau khi nap xong , ban hay thao con chip ra , gan no vao breakboard ma hoi nay
Bc 1 ban lap rap , roi cung cap ien cho ma ch ( hay nh la 5V thoi nhe !). Xong ban
hay xem hien tng cua en Led nh the nao nhe ! Vang !Rat ep !

Bo nguon 5V ban co the lap rap nh sau :

Nh ban thay pha goc phai cua breakborad la ngo vao 9VDC .
en ay xem nh a xong bai thc hanh au tien :

6hur 6ar 8an Lam hgay
uor LIan Va Luon VuI Va VoI
6ar Marh Ian 8au !

Le Duy phi

Van e 13 - Mach 2:

BO IEU KHIEN NHUNG N GIAN

Bc 1: Bc au tien la xay dng mach ien
ay ban can lam quen vi mot so linh kien ien t ma chung ta se dung en . Ban
co the lap at chung len tren mot breadboard roi dung day ien noi lai e tao thanh mach
ien nh sau nhe. Mach nay c thiet ke danh cho con chip 89C2051-(loai 20chan
a so cac bo vi x ly th khong the nao ieu khien trc tiep cac Led ngoai tr ho ATMEL
ma tieu bieu la 89c2051 va 89c51 , o la ly do ma toi co the thiet ket c mach nay het
sc n gian nh ban co the thay trong s o sau :

Lu y : Nguon cung cap cho mach la Vcc=5V va GND=0 V

Cac linh kien can dung cho mach nay la :
1- AT89C2051
1-thach anh 11.0592 Mhz
2-tu 33p
1-tu 10mF
1- ien tr 8k2 va 10 con 330 ohm
10-day ien e noi mach .
ay la hnh anh cua cac linh kien nh a noi tren :

Mach nay se lam cho 8 Led lan lt sang len ba t au t chan P1.0 en P1.7 vi nhieu kieu
em rat hay va rat ly thu se lam ban hai long va thch thu no .

Sau ay la chng trnh cua mach ien viet bang Assembly:

CHNG TRINH VERSION 1 : SANG DAN TAT DAN

ORG 0030H
LOOP: MOV P1,#0FFH
CLR P1.7 ;P1.7 SANG
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.7 ;P1.7 TAT
CLR P1.6
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.6
CLR P1.5
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.5
CLR P1.4
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.4
CLR P1.3
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.3
CLR P1.2
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.2
CLR P1.1
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.1
CLR P1.0
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.0

CLR P1.0 ;nguoc lai
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.0
CLR P1.1
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.1
CLR P1.2
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.2
CLR P1.3
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.3
CLR P1.4
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.4
CLR P1.5
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.5
CLR P1.6
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.6
CLR P1.7
CALL DELAY_1S
SETB P1.7
LJMP LOOP
DELAY_1S:
MOV R1,#20
LOOP1: MOV R2,#200
LOOP2: MOV R3,#255
LOOP3: DJNZ R3,LOOP3
DJNZ R2,LOOP2
DJNZ R1,LOOP1
RET
END


CHNG TRNH VERSION 2: SANG DAN THAY OI KIEU ROI TAT

;*************************************************************
;*
;* LED Blinker
;*************************************************************
;
; RESET ;reset routine

ORG 0H ;locate routine at 00H
AJMP START ;jump to START
;
;*************************************************************
;
INITIALIZE: ;set up control registers
;
MOV TCON,#00H
MOV TMOD,#00H
MOV PSW,#00H
MOV IE,#00H ;disable interrupts
RET
;
;*************************************************************
;
; Real code starts below. The first two routines are for delays so we
; can slow down the blinking so we can see it. (Without a delay, it
; would blink so fast it would look like it was always on.
;
;*************************************************************
;
DELAYMS: ;millisecond delay routine
; ;
MOV R7,#00H ;put value of 0 in register R7
LOOPA:
INC R7 ;increase R7 by one (R7 = R7 +1)
MOV A,R7 ;move value in R7 to
Accumlator (also known as A)
CJNE A,#0FFH,LOOPA ;compare A to FF hex (256). If
;not equal go to LOOPA
RET ;return to the point that this
;routine was called from
;*************************************************************
DELAYHS: ;half second delay above
;millisecond delay
MOV R6,#00H ;put 0 in register R6 (R6 = 0)
LOOPB:
ACALL DELAYMS ;call the routine above. It
will run and return to here.
MOV A,R6 ;move value in R6 to A
JNZ LOOPB ;if A is not 0, go to LOOPB
RET
;
;*************************************************************
START: ;main program (on power up, ;
;program starts at this point)
ACALL INITIALIZE ;set up control registers
LOOP:
INC P1 ;INCrement P1. Adds 1 to the 8
;bit register for Port 1.
ACALL DELAYHS ;go to above routine that
;causes a delay
AJMP LOOP ;go to LOOP(jump back to point
;labeled LOOP)
END ;end program

Hay nh rang : Dong Code nao bat au bang da u ; th o la dong chu thch , do o
chung ta co the bo qua ma khong anh hng g en chng trnh ca.
Sau khi viet xong ban hay lu lai vi ten la : ledproj .asm

BC 2 : BIEN DCH CHNG TRNH

Hay MOVE file ledproj2.asm nay en th muc ni ma ban a cha phan mem
TASM . Tiep theo ban hay thoat khoi windows ra moi trng DOS bang cach t
moi trng Windows98 , ban click chuot vao Star menu chon muc Program
roi chon tiep MS-DOS prompt , nh vay la ban a ra ngoai moi trng DOS roi
o .


tasm -51 ledproj2.asm ledproj2.hex
Toi gia s , ban e file phan memTASM va file ledproj2.asm tai o a C:\ chang han , th
khi o ban se go ung dong len sau e bien dch file ledproj2.asm :
C:\ tasm -51 ledproj2.asm ledproj2.hex
Ket qua cua viec lam na y ban se tao ra c file : ledproj2.hex.

Bc 3 ) Nap chng trnh vao cho con Chip Vi X Ly
Bay gii ban hay em Mach Nap AT89C2051 ra, nap file ledtest.hex vao cho
con vi x ly .
Lu y : Hay lam can than moi th nh nguon cung cap va day noi cong COM
Ban hay at con chip Vi X Ly 89c2051 can nap vao Socket Chip Slave
Hay nh : at ung chan- hay nhn ky so 1 tren hnh ay nhe , toi cung a lan
at lon roi o !).

Tiep en , ban m phan mem EZ4.0 , phan me m nay no se t nhan biet s hien dien
Mach Nap AT89c2051 , roi sau o ban hay oi ng dan e ch e n ni cha file
lesdtest.hex e nap vao cho 89c2051. Tat ca mo i viec sau o se clam t ong .
Sau khi nap xong , ban hay thao con chip ra , gan no vao breakboard ma hoi nay
Bc 1 ban lap rap , roi cung cap ien cho ma ch ( hay nh la 5V thoi nhe !). Xong ban
hay xem hien tng cua en Led nh the nao nhe ! Vang !Rat ep !


Bo nguon 5V ban co the lap rap nh sau :

Nh ban thay pha goc phai cua breakborad la ngo vao 9VDC .
en ay xem nh a xong bai thc hanh th 2.
Xin Chuc Cac Ban Thanh Cong Khi Lam Mach
Nay
Va Toi Hy Vong No Se Mang Lai
Cho Ban
Nhieu Niem Say Me
Mi !
Le Duy Phi
Xin mi cac ban on oc v du nay trong quyen th 2 sap viet xong: Hng Dan
Giao Tiep Vi X Ly Vi May Tnh trong quye n nay toi se giup ban biet cah giao tiep
gia vi x ly va may tnh thong qua phan mem Visual Basic , ong thi toi cung co e cap
nhieu v du mach ien rat ly thu nh May o nhiet o hien th tren Led , May o nhiet o
hien th tren May Tnh , Lam bang en ch chay n gian , Lam bang e n ch chay giao
tiep vi May Tnh , Mach o ien ap giao tiep may tnh ( ay la e tai ma toi a at
giai 3 trong cuoc thi sinh vien sang tao lan 1 , va nhng mach ien vi x ly khac toi
se gii thieu sau , xin cac ban on oc !
Cac tai lieu lien quan cu a toi xin cac ban hay e n phong Photo B1- h.Bach Khoa.


Van e 14 - MACH 3:

LAM COI HU VI HAI MC AM IEU KHAC NHAU

Hay lu y : Rang , moi thao tac toi a hng dan ky cac v du tren ay toi ch gii
thieu co ong cac van e ma chu yeu la s o va giai thuat cho cac ban ma thoi
!

I-S O MACH:
Lu y : Loa mac noi tiep vi ien tr 500 ohm ban co the mua loai loa Buze mau
en tron ch Nhat Tao

II- CHNG TRNH CHO MACH IEN :

;**************************************************************************
;*
;* Speaker Sounds - Weird *
;*
;**************************************************************************
;
; VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS
;
;
;**************************************************************************
;
; RESET ;reset routine

ORG 0H ;locate routine at 00H
AJMP START ;jump to START
;
;**************************************************************************
;

INITIALIZE: ;set up control registers
;
MOV TCON,#00H
MOV TMOD,#00H
MOV PSW,#00H
MOV IE,#00H ;disable interrupts
RET
;
;**************************************************************************
; Real code starts below. The first two routines are for delays.
;**************************************************************************
;
DELAYMS: ;millisecond delay routine
; ;
MOV R7,#00H ;put value of 0 in register R7
LOOPA:
MOV A,R7 ;move value in R7 to Accumlator (also known
;as A)
CJNE A,#0FFH,LOOPA ;compare A to FF hex (256). If not equal go
;to LOOPA
RET ;return to the point that this routine was
;called from
;
;**************************************************************************
;
DELAYHS: ;half second delay above millisecond delay
; ;
LOOPB:
ACALL DELAYMS ;call the routine above. It will run and
;return to here.
JNZ LOOPB ;if A is not 0, go to LOOPB
DEC R5 ;decrease R5 by one. (R5 = R5 -1)
JNZ LOOPB ;if A is not 0 then go to LOOPB.
RET
;
;**************************************************************************
;
TONE_ONE:
;
MOV R4, #00H
MOV R3,#002H ;put 2 in register R3
LOOPC:
INC R4 ;increase R4 by one
ACALL DELAY ;Delay
ACALL DELAYMS
DEC R2 ; This time decrement R2 to make tone go
;down in frequency
CPL P1.0
JNZ LOOPC ;if A is not 0, go to LOOPC
DEC R3 ;decrease R3 by one.
JNZ LOOPC ;if A is not 0 then go to LOOPC.
RET
;
;**************************************************************************
;
TONE_TWO:
;
MOV R4, #00H
MOV R3,#002H ;put 2 in register R3
LOOPD:
INC R4 ;increase R4 by one
ACALL DELAY ;Delay
ACALL DELAYMS
INC R2 ; INCrement R2 to make frequency go up
CPL P1.0
JNZ LOOPD ;if A is not 0, go to LOOPC
DEC R3 ;decrease R3 by one.
JNZ LOOPD ;if A is not 0 then go to LOOPC.
RET
;
;**************************************************************************
;
DELAY: ;
MOV A, R2
MOV R7,A ;put value of R2 in register R7
LOOPE:
MOV A,R7 ;move value in R7 to Accumlator (also known
;as A)
CJNE A,#0FFH,LOOPE ;compare A to FF hex (256). If not equal go
;to LOOPA
RET ;return to the point that this routine was
;called from
;
;**************************************************************************
START: ;main program (on power up, program starts
;at this point)
ACALL INITIALIZE ;set up control registers
LOOP:
ACALL TONE_ONE
ACALL TONE_TWO
AJMP LOOP ;go to LOOP(always jump back to point
;labeled LOOP)
END ;end program


Van e 15 - MACH 4:

HAY LAM : ONG HO BAO GI IEN T

I-GII THIEU:
Hien nay co rat nhieu d an ng dung Led 7 oan va ang tr nen kha pho bien , do
o toi xin gii thieu mot trong nhng ng dung Led 7 oan cho ban tham khao ma ban than
toi cung a tng lam , no rat de lam neu cac ban khong ngai kho khan .Sau khi rap xong va
kiem tra ky la no se cha y c ngay .
II- S O MACH NH SAU:

Hnh nay mieu ta s o mach ien cua mot ong ho bao gi . ay Port1 (t
P1.0 P1.7) se ieu khien cac cc dng cua Led 7 oan . Con cac cha n P3.0 P3.3 se
ieu khien cac cc am chung cua Led 7 oan .
Hay lu y rang: Ca 4 Led tren eu la loai am chung ( hay goi la Catod chung). Do
o khi i mua , ban nh noi ro la can mua Led Catod chung the mi la dan chuyen
nghiep . ( oi khi ban noi Led am chung se co ngi khong nh la Led loai g au ay nhe
, hay nh vi Led ngi ta hay goi la Led Catod chung hay Anod chung , mac du hai
cach goi catod va am c c la nh nhau!) .
III- TOM TAT S HOAT ONG CUA MACH:
Ban thay tren cac chan P3.0 ti P3.3 co hai ng noi vao o : Mot ng noi en
transistor va mot ng noi en khoa nhan (switch ) vi chan P3.4 . ieu o co ngha la
trong qua trnh hien th th ong thi vi x ly no cung kiem tra xem co khoa nao c nhan
hay khong . Neu co th chan P3.4 se xuong mc thap .Luc o vi x ly se x ly theo chc
cua phm ma chung ta a nhan . Trong 4 khoa o co 2 khoa ieu chnh gi va ieu chnh
phut, mot khoa dung e tat m en ma no c ieu khien bi chan P3.7 thong qua cai r
le-va iem L va N ban noi vao nguon ien xoay chieu 220 V, d nhien bo ng en cung la
loai 220 V.

IV - SAU AY LA CHNG TRNH CVIET BANG NGON NG C
/*
CLOCK V1.0
89C2051 + 4-digit 7-SEG led + 4-key switch
Simple Digital Clock demostrates scanning LED and key switch.
The clock has 1-bit output port P3.7 for driving AC load through
MOC3040+triac.
The source program was compiled by Micro-C with optimize option.

* **** **** ****
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* **** * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* **** **** ****

set set time manual
HOUR MIN ON/OFF ON/OFF

Copyright (c) 1999 W.SIRICHOTE
*/

#include c:\mc51\8051io.h
#include c:\mc51\8051reg.h

extern register char cputick;
unsigned register char
sec100,sec,sec5,min,hour,flag1,command,ACC,temp,opto;
/* above must be defined as register for tiny model */
unsigned register char i,digit,buffer[4],onHour1,onMin1,offHour1,offMin1;
register char key,delay,count1;
char convert[10] = {0x3F,0x0c,0x76,0x5e,0x4d,0x5b,0x7b,0x0e,0x7f,0x5f};

main()
{
opto = 0xff;
cputick = 0;
hour = 18;
min = 0;
sec = 0;
key = -1;
flag1 = 0;
onHour1 = 18; /* 18:30 turn lamp on */
onMin1 = 01;
offHour1 = 18; /* 21:30 turn off */
offMin1 = 02;
count1 = 0;
buffer[0] = 0x40;
buffer[1] = 0x40;
buffer[2] = 0x40;
buffer[3] = 0x40;

serinit(9600); /* must be invoked for tiny model */

while(1)
{
while ( cputick < 1)
scanLED();

cputick = 0;

/*------------- the following tasks execute every 10ms ------*/

time();
timeToBuffer();
blink();
offmsd();
keyexe();
keydelay();
comparetime();

/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
}
}

/* ****************** change constant below for other X-tal ********/
time ()
/* update real-time clock */
{
sec100++;
if (sec100 >= 100) /* 100 * 10 ms = 1 s */
{sec100 = 0;
flag1 |= 0x05; /* set bit 0, bit 2 */
temp = 50;
sec++;
if (sec >= 60)
{sec = 0;
flag1 |= 0x02; /* set bit 1 */
min++;
if (min >= 60)
{min = 0;
hour++;
if (hour >= 24)
{hour = 0;

}
}
}
}
}

scanLED() /* scan 4-digit LED and 4-key switch, if key pressed key = 0-3
else key = -1 */

{
int i;
digit = 0x08;
key = -1;
for( i = 0; i < 4; i++) /* 4-DIGIT scanning */
{
P3 = ~digit & opto; /* send complement[digit] */
P1 = ~buffer[i]; /* send complement[segment] */
pause(1); /* delay a while */
P1 = 0xff; /* off LED */
if ((P3 & 0x10) == 0) /* if key pressed P3.4 became low */
key = i; /* save key position to key variable */
digit>>=1; /* next digit */
}
}

timeToBuffer()
{
buffer[0] = convert[min%10];
buffer[1] = convert[min/10];
buffer[2] = convert[hour%10];
buffer[3] = convert[hour/10];

}

blink()
{
if((flag1 & 0x04) != 0) /* check bit 2 if set decrement temp until zero
*/
{temp--;
if (temp != 0)
{
buffer[1] |= 0x80;
buffer[2] |= 0x80;
}
else( flag1 &= ~0x04);
}
}

keyexe()
{
if (key != -1)
{
if ((flag1 & 0x80) == 0) /* within 0.5 sec after 1st press
the following execution is not allowed
*/
{
flag1 |= 0x80;
delay = 50;

switch(key){
case (0): /* key position 0 */
manualOnOff(); /* service key 0 */
break;
savetimeOnOff1(); /* service key 1 */
break;
setmin(); /* service key 2 */
break;
sethour();
}
}

}
}

sethour()
{
hour++;
if ( hour== 24)
hour = 0;

}

setmin()
{
min++;
sec = 0;
if( min == 60 )
min = 0;
}
savetimeOnOff1()
{
count1++;
if (count1 == 1)
{
onHour1 = hour;
onMin1 = min;
buffer[0] = 0x00;
buffer[1] = 0x68;
buffer[2] = 0x78;
buffer[3] = 0x71;
showOnce();
}
else
{
count1 = 0;
savetimeOff1();
}
}
savetimeOff1()

{
offHour1 = hour;
offMin1 = min;
buffer[0] = 0x63;
buffer[1] = 0x63;
buffer[2] = 0x78;
buffer[3] = 0x71;
showOnce();
}

manualOnOff()

{
opto= ~opto | 0x7f; /* complement bit 7 which in turn activates P3.7
*/
if ((opto & 0x80) == 0)
{
buffer[0] = 0;
buffer[1] = 0;
buffer[2] = 0x68;
buffer[3] = 0x78;
showOnce();
}
else
{
buffer[0] = 0;
buffer[1] = 0x63;
buffer[2] = 0x63;
buffer[3] = 0x78;
showOnce();
}
}

showOnce()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<500;i++)
scanLED();
}
keydelay()
{
if ((flag1 & 0x80) !=0)
{
delay--;
if(delay == 0)
flag1 &= ~0x80;
}
}

comparetime()
{
if((flag1 & 0x01) != 0 )
{
flag1 &= ~0x01;
if(hour == onHour1 && min == onMin1)
opto = 0x7f; /* clear P3.7 turning opto on */
if(hour == offHour1 && min == offMin1)
opto = 0xff; /* set bit P3.7 turning opto off */
}
}
offmsd()

{
if (buffer[3] == 0x3f) /* if msd = '0' then put blank unstead */
buffer[3] = 0x00;
}

pause(j)
int j;
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
;
}
V- MA FILE HEX CUA NO -SAU KHI A C BIEN DCH
Neu cac ban ranh roi th hay go y nguye n ma HEX nay trong NotePad roi lu lai
vi uoi la .HEX e nap cho 89c2051 hoac ban co the ti phong Photo B1 trng h.Bach
Khoa e lay file nay ve nap chay th ( toi co che p san trong a mem 1,44Mb).
:0300000002000EED
:0300030002019F58
:20000B0002019675811FD2AFD2A91201A280FE12001B80FBC82581C822C92
581C97A002224
:20002B00D083D082CF2581F581CFC082C08322CF2581F581CF22FBE493CB2
2FCE493FB7492
:20004B000193CC22FAE493F9740193CA2229F9E5F03AFA227C00CB30E7011
CCB2275F0009B
:20006B0030E70215F022FDE493FF7401934F7004A3A3800C740293B505107
40393B5F00A99
:20008B00E493C0E0740193C0E022A3A3A3A380D7FEEBA4FD8EF0ECA4FCEB8
EF0A4C5F02C0F
:2000AB002DC5F02211B58EF0ED22C002C001AAF0F97E007D007F11C3E933F
9EA33FADF0867
:2000CB00F5F0E9D001D00222ED33FDEE33FEC3ED9BF5F0EE9C40E0ADF0FED
380DBBB0001E7
:2000EB0022C333C5F033C5F0DBF722BB000122C3C5F013C5F013DBF722240
280022401C595
:20010B00F03400C5F022C394028003C39401C5F09400C5F0223116F4C5F0F
4C5F02245F095
:20012B007022042231784024801A3178401E7014801A3178400E7014800A3
178500E8004A0
:20014B00318C6008E4F5F022318C60F8E4F5F00422318C40F780ED318C40F
170E780ED313C
:20016B008C40E170E780DD318C50E180D7C39BC5F09C20E70720D207C345F
02220D2F9D340
:20018B0022C5F0C39C7003E5F09B22758CDC758A0005083205083274FFF51
2E4F5087412DE
:2001AB00F50DE4F50CE4F50A74FFF51DE4F50E7412F5197401F51A7412F51
B7402F51CE4E5
:2001CB00F51FE4F5F079157A001200587440F7740175F00079157A0012005
87440F77402AD
:2001EB0075F00079157A001200587440F7740375F00079157A00120058744
0F7748075F020
:20020B0025C0E0C0F012079E15811581740175F00045F07003020256E5081
200687B0112AA
:20022B00005F12012F700302023B1202C8020223E4F50812025712036F120
42612072A12FC
:20024B0004781206961206C602021722E5090509E50975F0007B647C00120
17270030202A8
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0120172700362
:20028B000202C7E4F50AE50E4402F50EE50C050CE50C75F0007B3C7C00120
17270030202E2
:2002AB00C7E4F50CE50D050DE50D75F0007B187C0012017270030202C7E4F
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:2002CB00817408F51474FFF51DE4F5F078FD12001FF608A6F078FD12001FE
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:20034B0002035978FD12001FE60886F0F51DE51475F0007B017C001200F6F
5140202F515A3
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001C00279C129
:20038B007A0712005889828A83E493D007D000F6740175F00079157A00120
058E50C75F099
:2003AB00007B0A7C001200B5C001C00279C17A0712005889828A83E493D00
7D000F6740220
:2003CB0075F00079157A00120058E50D75F0007B0A7C001200AFC001C0027
9C17A071200D2
:2003EB005889828A83E493D007D000F6740375F00079157A00120058E50D7
5F0007B0A7CC8
:20040B00001200B5C001C00279C17A0712005889828A83E493D007D000F62
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:20042B00F0007B007C001201537003020477E5111511E51175F0007B007C0
012015370032D
:20044B00020471740175F00079157A00120058E74480F7740275F00079157
A00120058E7F8
:20046B004480F7020477E50E54FBF50E22E51D1200687BFF12005F1201537
0030204DEE5C9
:20048B000E548075F0007B007C0012014B70030204DEE50E4480F50E7432F
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4DF0204DEC4A2
:2004CB00040300BE040200B8040100B20400000000DE0422E50D050DE50D7
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:2005EB000058E4F7740275F00079157A001200587468F7740375F00079157
A0012005874DB
:20060B0078F712065002064FE4F5F079157A00120058E4F7740175F000791
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97C0012014BE0
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:20070B007C0012014B600CE50C75F000AB1C7C0012014B45F070030207297
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:00000001FF
V-HNH ANH CUA ONG HO BAO GI A C RUT GON
ay toi ch dung hai khoa : Chnh gi va chnh phut thoi. Va toi cung bo luon
phan ieu khien bong en r le, va mot vai th khong can thiet khac .

Rat n gian qua phai khong ban !?
Vang ! ong ho -gi rat de lam thoi!

Sau ay la mo loai ong ho bao gi khac , no co the chay t phai sang tra i kem theo
mot dong ch rat xinh xan chang han nh bayBAY GIO LA 1:23 .
Xin mi cac ban on oc v du nay trong quyen th 2 sap viet xong: Hng Dan
Giao Tiep Vi X Ly Vi May Tnh trong quye n nay toi se giup ban biet cah giao tiep
gia vi x ly va may tnh thong qua phan mem Visual Basic , ong thi toi cung co e cap
nhieu v du mach ien rat ly thu nh May o nhiet o hien th tren Led , May o nhiet o
hien th tren May Tnh , Lam bang en ch chay n gian , Lam bang e n ch chay giao
tiep vi May Tnh , Mach o ien ap giao tiep may tnh ( ay la e tai ma toi a at giai 3
trong cuoc thi sinh vien sang tao lan 1 , va nhng mach ien vi x ly khac toi se gii
thieu sau , xin cac ban on oc !
Cac tai lieu lien quan cu a toi xin cac ban hay e n phong Photo B1- h.Bach Khoa.


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