NHNG IEU CAN BIET KHI LAP RAP MAY TNH

_Bn vt tay ln i, vt chn ln trn nghin ngm nhiu ngy lin v i n quyt nh cui cng: Ta s t mnh lp rp my tnh cho xng danh ho kit! Xin thnh knh... hoan h bn! V xin c mn php c vn cho bn nhng th cn chun b trc khi ra tay "hnh hip": Chun b v "phn mm" Tnh kin nhn: _ Trc khi lp rp my, ng nhin bn phi i mua linh kin. M bn bit ri , ca hng linh kin my tnh by gi nhiu nh nm. Thm na, phng chm by gi ngi bn hng l... Thng . V vy, bn phi tp cho mnh tnh kin nhn cao chiu lng Thng , mong sao Ngi gip cho bn mua hng ng cht lng, ng gi c. _Ri trong khi lp rp, bn cng cn phi kin nhn, l c lp trt th m ra lm li. Ch chng l... b (ung tin!), hay nh ngi khc lm dm (qu qu!). Tnh cn thn: _a s cc linh kin my tnh u thuc loi nh xu anh thng, c ci thuc dng b to to teo (nh jumper), nn bn cn phi ht sc ch , cn thn lc lp rp, ch nu bn v phu th em hng chu u nha! (Kinh nghim thc t cho bit c ngi khi lp rp my ... nut nhm linh kin v bng!!!). Lc lm, ngh, linh kin u ra , trt t ngn np khi quy tung ln khi cn tm mt ci g . S bnh tnh: _Kinh nghim cho thy bn cng run th cng d... lm sai, hoc lm h (b gy vi ci cng con CPU chng hn!), v vy hy tnh queo khi lp rp. Cho d bn mi lp rp ci my tnh u tin trong i mnh th cng ng coi nh mi tnh u m hy xem nh mi tnh th vi ba chc, bn s yn tm lm vic. C coi nh ang chi game y, cng lm l Game Over thi m! S v sinh: _Khng phi phng nga bnh SARS. M bi v linh kin my tnh l nhng linh kin in t, nhy cm vi bi, m. V th, ni lm vic phi sch s, kh ro, cn ring bn thn bn, nn... i tm trc khi lp rp my tnh. ng lp rp my khi va... banh v, m hi l mt trong nhng th rt k vi linh kin my tnh y, bn ! Chun b v phn cng B ngh cng ngh khng dy: _B ngh hin i ny gm c: mt tournevis (vt pa-ke, nu l vt c t tnh th cng tt, nu cn thn th thm mt vt dp), mt ci ko, mt ci km m nhn (ch yu dng gp), bng keo trong ( dn dy ni - dn nh v hoc dn u ni). Nu bn thy b ngh ny "hin i" qu, th bn c th n gin ha n mc ti thiu trang thit b cho dy chuyn cng ngh trong phn xng lp rp my tnh ca mnh gm hai mn: tournevis v ko. Theo kinh nghim c nhn, tui thy vy cng qu ! Dng c y t: Gm bng gn, bng, cn, i-t,... Phng nga bn lm n... hu u qu b chy mu. Cn tc v... y ny m.

K I: Lp rp v thit lp thng s c bn trong BIOS

Hy c tht k tng cu lm theo, v xin ch nhng iu e-CHP cnh bo bn trnh nhng s c ngoi mun, c bit vi trng hp ln u tin bn tp lm... vc s trong chuyn ny. Vn li chc bn thnh cng, mong nghe tin vui bn vt qua nhng trc trc thng gp khi lp rp ci my tnh t n! LP RP Dng c cn thit: Mt vt ch thp.

Trc khi lp rp, an ton cho thit b, bn cn kh tnh in trn ngi bng cch eo vng kh tnh in c ni t. Nu khng c, bn hy s tay vo thng my, nn t x in trc khi lm vic.

u tin, bn c sch hng dn i km theo mainboard (user manual) bit v tr cc jumper trn main v thit lp theo ng thng s ch dn (vi cc mainboard i mi, bn rt t phi ng n phn ny v tt c cc thit lp c xc nh trong BIOS). Gn CPU vo cm (socket)

Bn cn m socket ra trc khi gn CPU vo. lm iu ny, hy ko thanh nha (hay kim loi) nm bn cnh socket ln gc 900. Cn ch trn b mt CPU ti mt trong bn gc, c mt vch hnh tam gic, l vch chun dng nh v, trn socket, phn l cm CPU vo c mt gc cng b vt i, bn cn c vo y gn sao cho gc vt ca CPU trng vi gc nh v ca socket, sau nh nhng th CPU ra cho tt xung socket - nh ng c n nu bn thy hin tng knh v s lm cong/gy chn ca CPU. Mt tay gi CPU, tay kia ko thanh kho xung gi vo mu trn socket. Bi kem gii nhit ln phin gii nhit b mt trn cng ca CPU, sau gn qut gii nhit ln. Nh cm in cho qut, kim tra xem qut gii nhit c b knh ln hay khng - nu c, hy tho ra lm li.

Cm RAM vo khe cm (slot) ca b nh Hy ch k thanh RAM phn di, gia cc vch nh mu vng c mt ch lm vo (hoc hai ch, ty loi RAM). Trn slot cm RAM ca mainboard cng c mt hoc hai khc nh ln, bn hy so cho ng v tr ri hy ko hai thanh ci hai u slot ra, sau cm RAM vo slot. Nu bn cm ng, t ng hai thanh ci ny s bt ngc li v tr ban u, kp cht vo khe hnh vng cung hai bn thanh RAM. Thng c t hai-ba khe cm RAM, c nh s slot hoc khng c nh s, bn c th cm vo khe no cng c. Mt s mainboard i hi phi cm theo th t quy nh ca nh sn xut, vic ny c ghi r trong sch hng dn. Trong mt s sch hng dn ca mainboard cng c hng dn nhng phn ny, bn hy tham kho nu gp trc trc khi lp rp. Tip theo, bn m np bn hng nu thng my (case) ng, hay np trn nu l case nm, ri t nm ngang, phn m ra hng ln trn, m th mainboard vo cc v tr bt c trn case, ny cc ming kim loi ng sau case (che cc cng PS/2, serial, parallel) c th m va mainboard vo trong case. Bn chn c m (thng c hnh lc gic, mu vng) gn vo cc v tr m sau ny s bt c c nh mainboard vo case. Thng thng, km theo case c mt bch c cc loi, dy in ngun cho PSU (Power Supply Unit) v mt ming che mt sau ca case. M sch hng dn xem bit ch cm cc dy n v tn hiu. Dy reset, dy m my (Power On) khng cn cm ng chiu nhng dy n bo ngun (Power led), dy n cng (HDD) v dy loa (Speaker) phi cm ng chiu. Dy c mu (dy dng) cm vo chn c du + (in dng), dy mu en hay trng cm vo chn cn li. Tin hnh cm ng theo ch dn trong sch. Cc case sau ny c thm cng USB nm mt trc case, bn xem trong sch v tr cm dy USB (dy ny mt u gn sn vo cng pha trc, u cn li gn vo mainboard). Thng th mt u cm trn mainboard dng cho hai cng USB, u cm ny c nh du chn s 1 nh v (c nh v tr t 1 tr i). Trn jack cm ca dy cng c mt v tr c bit - v tr ny thng khng c l cm vo. Bn nh xem k th t l v du hiu nh v cm cho ng. Tham kho thm trong sch hng dn. Gn cp d liu Cp d liu c ba u cm, cc u ny b tr khng cn xng, phn hai u cm (chnh - master, ph - slaver) nm gn nhau cm vo a cng/ a quang, phn nm xa th cm vo khe IDE trn mainboard. Bn cm u cp d liu (cp ATA cho a cng v cho a quang) vo khe IDE (thng c b tr dc theo cnh ca mainboard). C hai khe IDE c nh s IDE 1 v IDE 2 (IDE 0 v IDE 1). Khe IDE1 l khe chnh (Primary) thng dng cm cp cng ( c th khi ng c), khe IDE2 l khe ph (Secondary) dnh cho cc a quang (Optical drive). t hiu nng cao nht, bn khng nn gn quang chung cp vi cng hay gn chung hai a cng c tc chnh lch qu ln. Nu dng thm FDD ( da mm), bn gn thm cp da mm. Cp da mm khc vi cp HDD ch mt u cp b bt cho, u cm st ch bt cho cm vo FDD, u kia cm vo mainboard. Khi cm cp, gia phn u cm c mt

ly nha nh nh ra lm mc, cm trn mainboard c ch lm xung tng ng, bn cm sao cho hai phn ny khp nhau l ng.

t mainboard vo case Tin hnh bt c c nh mainboard (bn cn t su n tm con c l , ty loi mainboard). Tip n, bn cm dy ngun (20 si) vo khe Power (ATX Power Connector) trn mainboard, thng nm gn CPU - ch c mt gc vt nh hng cm. Mt s mainboard (thng l P4, gn y l mt s mainboard socket A) cn thm dy ngun 12V b sung, loi ny c bn si hai vng v hai en. Cng tin hnh cm nh trn vo khe 12V Connector (hnh vung) nm gn khe ATX Power Connector. Lp card mn hnh AGP Trc khi gn card mn hnh, bn hy kim tra li xem card mn hnh ca mnh dng in th bao nhiu volt (nu cm nhm, c th lm chy mainboard). Loi card AGP 1x/2x thng dng in th 3,3V, cn loi 4x/8x dng in th 1,5V. Tuy nhin, a s cc loi mainboard hin nay u h tr 1x/2x/4x (t ng nhn bit card 1,5V hoc 3,3V) hoc mi nht l 4x/8x (loi ny ch h tr card 1,5V). Mt sau ca case, tng ng vi mi slot (khe cm card) c mt khung hnh ch nht, nh ny ra trc khi gn card vo slot. Tip n, bn ko ly ci ra, cm card AGP vo, nh cm dy ngun cho qut gii nhit trn card nu c. Mt s card i mi hin nay cn dng thm ngun ring, v d ATI R9700 Pro, nn khi mua case, nh chn loi c nhiu dy cp ngun d nng cp sau ny.

Lp card Sound Tng t nh trn, sau nh cm dy tn hiu analog ca a quang (CD, DVD) vo jack cm trn Sound. Card sound cm trn khe PCI (mu trng) thng c t ba khe tr ln, bn c th cm vo khe no cng c. Nu bn dng mainboard vi Sound v VGA onboard tch hp sn th khi cn cng on ny. Tng t cho modem, card mng, v.v... Lp t Optical Drive ( a quang) G ming nha mt trc case ra, thit lp jumper cho a quang l Slaver nu cm chung cp vi HDD ( c thit lp l Master), hay Master nu cm cp ring. thit lp jumper cho a quang, bn xem cc v tr thit lp c khc mt trn pha sau a. G cu ni (v nha nh mu en hoc trng, hoc xanh) ra v gn vo v tr thch hp ghi trn a: MA l Master, SL l Slaver, CS l Cable Select (t ng thit lp Master/Slaver cho thit b theo v tr gn trn si cp, v tr ny c gn nhn ghi r l Master hoc Slaver). Mc nh l v tr Slaver.

y t t a vo, cm cp data vo khe IDE trn a, dy in ngun (bn ch c th cm vo theo mt chiu v c hai gc vt), bt c vo hai bn hng. Lp t a mm (FDD) Tng t nh trn nhng nh ch v cn thn khi cm dy in ngun v rt d cm lch v tr chn (cm sai u in ngun c th lm chy thit b).

Lp t a cng (HDD) cng tng t Thit lp jumper, cm cp data, dy ngun v bt c c nh vo khoang 3,5-inch. Bn c th gn thm mt qut gii nhit vo mt di ca HDD nu mun HDD mt hn trong qu trnh hot ng. n y, bn hon tt c bn phn lp rp ri y, nhng ng vi ng np case li. Bn hy bt my tnh ln kim tra xem c hot ng bnh thng hay khng. Sau , trong qu trnh khi ng, bn vo BIOS ca mainboard bng cch nhn nt Del hoc F1... tu loi BIOS (c mainboard hin th thng bo cho bit bm nt g vo BIOS) chnh li cc thng s lu trong BIOS. Ch : C mainboard PIII v mainboard cho AMD AthlonXP cng dng ngun nh mainboard P4 (ATX), tuy nhin dy +12V Connector s tha ra, khng s dng.

Cnh gic: Mt s trc trc d pht sinh khi lp rp!

- Khi bn bt c vo hai bn hng ca a quang, nu thy khay a m ra kh khn, hoc c trng hp thit k ti, khay a s khng y ra: Bn hy ni lng c ra mt cht, tt nht l ch nn bt hai c di. - Sau khi bn bt my tnh ln, n Power (thng l mu xanh) khng sng, n HDD (thng l mu ) khng sng, hoc loa khng ku bp lc khi ng: Hy o li jack cm ca dy Power/HDD/ Speaker, ty dy no b tnh trng ny. - Bn thy bo li FDD Floppy disk(s) fail (40)v yu cu nhn F1 tip tc: Bn kim tra li u ni cp data ca FDD, v nh l trong BIOS phi cho hiu lc thit b FDD (chn 1.44MB 3.5in v trong phn Super IO Device => On-board FDC Controller l Enable) - Nu bt my ln m khng thy qut CPU quay (d cm dy ngun cho qut): Bn hy xem li jack cm Power trn main c cm ng vo v tr Power hay cha (mt s mainboard phi cm dc theo chiu di ca panel, mt s mainboard li cm ngang). Tham kho sch hng dn bit chc mnh cm ng. - Trng hp bt my ln, bn nghe nhiu ting bp (thng l ba ting bp ngn lin tc, tn hiu bp ny ty loi li m c s nhp khc nhau): Xem li RAM gn cht cha, hay l card mn hnh gn cn lng. - Nu bt my chy sau mt thi gian m hay b Restart: Hy kim tra li xem b ngun ca bn c cng sut cung cp in cho cc thit b hay khng. kim tra mc tng i,

bn vo BIOS, phn PC Health Status kim tra li in th cc ng +3,3V, +5V v +12V xem c b st gim hay khng? Cng c th xem ngay trong Windows thng qua mt chng trnh ca hng th ba nh Sisoft Sandard hoc l phn mm kim tra c cung cp km theo mainboard. - Trong trng hp bt my ln, bn hon ton khng thy qut quay, n sng, khng ting bp ca loa: Xem li CPU v cc thit b khc, nu mt thit b b mt (chm mch) th s gy ra hin tng trn.

THIT LP CU HNH C BN TRONG BIOS

- Khi bn bt c vo hai bn hng ca a quang, nu thy khay a m ra kh khn, hoc c trng hp thit k ti, khay a s khng y ra: Bn hy ni lng c ra mt cht, tt nht l ch nn bt hai c di. - Sau khi bn bt my tnh ln, n Power (thng l mu xanh) khng sng, n HDD (thng l mu ) khng sng, hoc loa khng ku bp lc khi ng: Hy o li jack cm ca dy Power/HDD/ Speaker, ty dy no b tnh trng ny. - Bn thy bo li FDD Floppy disk(s) fail (40)v yu cu nhn F1 tip tc: Bn kim tra li u ni cp data ca FDD, v nh l trong BIOS phi cho hiu lc thit b FDD (chn 1.44MB 3.5in v trong phn Super IO Device => On-board FDC Controller l Enable) - Nu bt my ln m khng thy qut CPU quay (d cm dy ngun cho qut): Bn hy xem li jack cm Power trn main c cm ng vo v tr Power hay cha (mt s mainboard phi cm dc theo chiu di ca panel, mt s mainboard li cm ngang). Tham kho sch hng dn bit chc mnh cm ng. - Trng hp bt my ln, bn nghe nhiu ting bp (thng l ba ting bp ngn lin tc, tn hiu bp ny ty loi li m c s nhp khc nhau): Xem li RAM gn cht cha, hay l card mn hnh gn cn lng. - Nu bt my chy sau mt thi gian m hay b Restart: Hy kim tra li xem b ngun ca bn c cng sut cung cp in cho cc thit b hay khng. kim tra mc tng i, bn vo BIOS, phn PC Health Status kim tra li in th cc ng +3,3V, +5V v +12V xem c b st gim hay khng? Cng c th xem ngay trong Windows thng qua mt chng trnh ca hng th ba nh Sisoft Sandard hoc l phn mm kim tra c cung cp km theo mainboard. Trong trng hp bt my ln, bn hon ton khng thy qut quay, n sng, khng ting bp ca loa: Xem li CPU v cc thit b khc, nu mt thit b b mt (chm mch) th s gy ra hin tng trn.

Ky II:CAI AT PHAN MEM

Sau khi lp rp, chic my tnh ca bn gi hon thnh 50% ri y. my c th hot ng, bn cn ci phn mm vo a cng. Ln ny, xin mch bn ci h iu hnh. Bn cn chun b: Mt a ci h iu hnh (Win 98/ ME hoc Win2K/XP hay Linux), tu bn thch dng h iu hnh (HH) no. Bi ny hng dn bn ci HH ca Microsoft Windows v n kh thng dng. Bn cn vit s CDKEY ca bn Windows s ci ra giy dng khi cn. Tin hnh phn vng v nh dng a cng Trc khi tin hnh ci t HH, bn phi phn vng v nh dng a cng c th chp d liu ln . a a mm khi ng (to bng Win9X, bng cch dng lnh format a:/s) vo da mm ( A) nh lnh FDISK v n Enter. Chn Y nu mun s dng FAT32 cho a cng (HDD) c dung lng ln hn 512MB (hot ng hiu qu hn FAT16). Cc tu chn (Options) s hin ra: 1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS drive. 2. Set active partition. 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS drive. 4. Display partition information - Mc 1 dng khi to phn vng chnh (Partition Primary), phn vng m rng (Partition Extended) v phn vng Logic. Mt HDD thng c mt phn vng chnh v mt phn vng m rng, trong phn vng m rng c chia thnh nhiu phn vng logic. V d: HDD ca bn chia thnh ba da, C, D v E th C l phn vng chnh, phn vng ph c hai phn vng logic l D v E. Trong mc ny cn c cc mc con sau: a. Create Primary DOS Partition b. Create Extended DOS Partition c. Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition - u tin, bn phi tin hnh mc a - to Partition DOS th nht (primary). Vng ny c c im l ch cha mt a duy nht c dung lng chim ton b khng gian vng v ch a ny c php khi ng. Nu bn khng chia nh a cng vt l th bn cho vng ny chim ton b a vt l v qu trnh fdisk k nh hon tt, DOS s t ng ch nh cho a ny l khi ng. Nu mun chia nh a, bn ch nh kch thc c th cho vng ny ri tin hnh mc b. - Mc b to vng a m rng (extended) dnh cho DOS. Dung lng l khng gian cn li ca a vt l, hay ch mt phn nu bn mun d tr mt vng ring ngoi tm kim sot ca DOS (dnh cho h iu hnh khc) gi l vng Non DOS. Vng DOS m rng ny s cha tt c cc a Logic m bn mun to v bn tin hnh to chng bng mc c. - Khi to a Logic, ng nn to qu nhiu (tt nht l hai hoc ba) v dung lng cn trng s b phn tn trn tng a Logic, khin cho vic ci t cc chng trnh ln tr nn kh khn. Ngoi ra, nu c nhiu a vt l, bn cn ch cch gn tn a Logic ca Dos nh sau: DOS t tn theo th t ABC v gn cho vng Pri trn mi a vt l trc (theo th t a vt l) sau mi n cc a Logic trn vng Ext ca tng a theo th t. Th d: C hai a vt l, trn a master (1) chia 1 Pri, 2 Logic, trn a Slave (2) chia nh 1. Chng s c gn tn nh sau: 1 c C (Pri), E, F (Logic). 2 c D (Pri), G, H (Logic). Th t gn tn rt quan trng, nu s s dn n vic format sai a. Tuy nhin, bn cn ch l th t ny

cn b chi phi bi loi BIOS ca mainboard. - Mc 2 dng thit t phn vng khi ng u tin (c nh du l ch A - active), Fdisk ch cho php bn chn phn vng chnh trn mi HDD lm phn vng khi ng. - Mc 3 dng xa phn vng khi to, th t xa phi ngc li vi th t to, ngha l ci g to sau phi c xo trc. - Mc 4 dng xem thng tin ca HDD (Dung lng, cc phn vng, tn nhn a, h thng dng FAT32 hay NTFS, v.v...). Bn c th c tip theo cc hng dn trong qu trnh phn vng lm tip. Ch : Khi bn fdisk trn a cng no (logic hay vt l) ton b d liu trn a s b xo. Fdisk ch dng cho a cng, bn khng th fdisk a mm. Sau khi phn vng xong, bn khi ng li my. Bc tip theo l nh dng tt c cc phn vng c khi to bng lnh format <tn a>. V d : A:\>format C. Bn c th dng lnh Format c: /s va nh dng, va lm cho a C khi ng c. Vi tt c cng on kh s ny, bn c th dng chng trnh Disk Manager (i km theo HDD, hoc ti trn internet) lm, ch 2-3 pht l xong.

CAI AT HE IEU HANH

1. Ci t Win9x/ME: _a CD-ROM ci t vo, ti th mc gc bn nh lnh Setup v n Enter. n Enter tip tc, trnh ci t s kim tra HDD bng ScanDisk (nu HDD c vn , bn phi sa trc khi trnh ci t c th tip tc). Nu khng c g, th bn nhn Exit thot khi ScanDisk. Mn hnh ci t Win9X hin ra, bn n vo nt Continue, v chn th mc ci Windows (mc nh l C:\Windows). _Tip theo l thng bo la chn cc kiu ci t. cho d nht, bn c chn Typical. Nu thch t mnh la chn nhng thnh phn theo ring ca mnh, bn chn Custom. Trong ln u ci t, bn hy chn Typical => Install the most common components (Recommended). _Ca s Identification hin ra, bn hy nhp thng tin v tn my tnh, nhm lm vic, v nhng li ch thch cho my tnh ca bn (Computer description). _Bc tip theo, bn cn xc nh vng (hoc nc) bn ang dng chic my tnh ny. Hy chn vng l Vietnam => Next. Trnh ci t s hi bn c mun to da khi ng hay khng (Startup Disk - trong trng hp Windows b h, bn c th dng n khi ng my). Bm Next nu bn mun to, t da mm vo A, cn khng th chn nt Cancel. n nt Next bt u sao chp cc file ca HH. Nu mun quay li giai on trc, bn c th bm nt Back. _Sau khi n Next, trnh ci t tin hnh sao chp file vo ng dn bn chn (v d C:\Windows), bn tri c d on thi gian hon tt. Thi gian ci t nhanh hay chm ty thuc vo tc my tnh ca bn. _Khi sao chp xong tt c cc file, my tnh s t khi ng li vo mn hnh khi ng cho ln u tin xut hin (Getting ready to run Windows for the first time). _Tip theo l bc nhp thng tin c nhn ca ngi s dng (User information). Bn hy nhp

vo tn mnh v tn cng ty (khng bt buc nhp chnh xc), sau bm Next, bn chn I accept the Agreement v bm Next. _n y, Windows buc bn phi nhp CDKEY mi cho php ci tip, bn hy nhp 15 k t vo cc trng (5 k t/). Khi nhp , nt Next c hiu lc bn bm vo. Nu nhp ng, bn ch cn bm v nt Finish l xong, qu trnh ci t chuyn qua bc cui cng: Thit lp phn cng v hon tt ci t ( giai on ny, Windows s t ng pht hin cc thit b v ci trnh iu khin thch hp nht m Windows c trong b ci t cho cc thit b n nhn din c). bc ny, my tnh c th t khi ng li. _Tip theo, bn nhp thng s v ngy/gi v mi gi ti ni bn sng. Nhn OK chp nhn. _Sau ln khi ng tip theo ny, HH bc u c ci t vo my tnh ca bn. Nu mun thit lp mt khu cho mi ngi dng, bn nhp vo password, nu khng th ng nhp vo, bm OK (khi , mi ln ng nhp bn khng thy ca s ng nhp na). _Mn hnh Welcome to Windows 9x xut hin. Nu khng mun thy mn hnh ny mi khi khi ng vo Windows, bn bm chut b du chn Show this screen each time Windows 9x Starts. Bm nt Close ng li. _Vy l bn ci t xong ri y! 2. Ci t Win2K/XP: Bn vo BIOS thit lp ch khi ng First Boot l CD-ROM, sau t CD WinXP vo CD-ROM ri khi ng li my tnh. n tip phm bt k boot t CD-ROM. Mn hnh Windows setup hin ra, nu bn mun ci HH ln h thng HDD chy RAID hoc SCSI th n phm F6 (ch di mn hnh lun hin dng ch hng dn bn trong qu trnh ci t). Sau khi ti cc driver cn thit, trnh ci t cho bn ba chn la: - Ci t HH: Bn bm phm Enter - sa cha bn ci t ca ln ci t trc: Bm phm R. - Thot khi trnh ci t: Bm phm F3. Sau khi bm Enter, mn hnh License xut hin, bn bm F8 (ng ). Tip theo, bn hy chn a mun ci t v bm Enter. Trong trng hp bn c mt HH khc ci ri, thng tin v HH nm trn phn vng no s c hin th r, bn hy chn phn vng khc (ci t nhiu HH trn cng mt a cng). Bc tip theo, bn c th t phn vng HDD, nh dng li a cng (theo NTFS/FAT32). i vi cc HDD c dung lng ln v m bo d liu t b mt khi c s c, bn nn chn h thng file NTFS. Ch : Nu mun chy Windows 2000/XP cng vi Windows 9x/Me bn nn dng FAT32 v Windows 9x/Me khng lm vic c vi NTFS. Chn nh dng theo h thng NTFS bng cch n phm F, trnh ci t s tin hnh nh dng li (hoc mi) a ca bn theo h thng file NTFS. Sau khi format xong, trnh ci t s sao chp cc file cn thit cho qu trnh ci t HH ln a cng ca bn. Sau khi sao chp xong, chng trnh s t khi ng li v tip tc ci t t ng (trong khi ch i, bn c th c cc thng tin gii thiu thm v HH ny trn mn hnh ci t). Trong lc ci t, bn s c hi v vng/a phng bn , ngn ng bn dng (Regional and Language Options). thay i, bn chn Customize. xem chi tit nhng g chn, bm Details, bm Next nhp vo tn ca bn, tn cng ty/t chc ca bn lm vic, bm Next.

Lc ny, ca s nhp CDKEY xut hin (nu bn dng a mua ngoi cc ca hng c sa sang li, cng on ny s khng c do setup t ng nhp CDKEY). Bn nhn bn thng my tnh ca bn c t giy in m vch (di dng ch Certificate of Authenticity) nu mua my hiu tm CDKEY, hoc tm trn b a ci t ca bn. Nu nhp ng, bc tip theo bn in thng tin v tn my tnh v mt m ca Admin (ngi qun tr cao nht trn my bn). Tip theo, bn nhp vo ngy/gi. Trong khi ch my hon tt phn cn li, bn c th c thm thng tin v HH ny trn mn hnh ci t. Khi thanh tin trnh x l t 100% th my s restart, bn c th gp thng bo cho bit l Windows s thay i phn gii ca mn hnh/card mn hnh, bn c n OK tip tc. Mn hnh cho mng n vi Windows xut hin, bn bm Next thit lp ti khon cho ngi s dng. Bn nhp vo ti khon cho mnh v cho ngi khc nu c nhiu ngi dng chung mt my tnh. Bm Finish hon tt v ng nhp vo ti khon bn va to. Sau khi ng nhp, bn phi ng k vi Microsoft bn Windows ca bn (xut hin system tray thng bo: 30 days left for activation) bng cch bm vo biu tng xut hin cu thng bo trn (hnh chic cha kha) v thc hin theo hng dn. Nu bn dng... bn b kha th khng thy thng bo ny!

K III: Ci t driver cho cc thit b v cc phn mm ng dng

Cho n k ny, sau khi ci t driver cho cc thit b v cc phn mm ng dng, bn c th chy th nghim ci my tnh made in... t tui! Nu h iu hnh (HH) c sn trnh iu khin (driver) cho cc thit b, bn c th khng cn ci thm cc driver i km. (Tuy nhin, theo khuyn co ca cc nh sn xut, bn nn ci driver mi nht, bn chnh thc, t c hiu qu ti u). Trong trng hp HH ca bn khng t nhn ra c mt vi thit b trong my, s dng chng, bn cn phi ci cc driver thch hp. bit thit b no cha c ci driver (hay l hot ng cha n nh, cn b xung t vi thit b/chng trnh khc), bn bm chut phi vo My Computer, chn Properties, chn th Hardware, chn Device Manager. Khung ca s xut hin cho bn bit nhng thit b no trong my tnh ca bn hot ng tt (nu bm chut phi vo tn thit b no v chn Properties, trong Device status c thng bo This device is working properly) v thit b no cn cha c HH nhn din, cha hot ng tt c (xut hin cc du chm than trc tn thit b). Thng thng, bn cn ci cc driver cho card mn hnh, card m thanh, modem hay cc card chuyn dng gn thm. Ch : Nu bn dng card ri m khng dng loi tch hp c sn trn bo mch ch (video, sound,...) th nn vo BIOS v hiu ho (disable) cc card on-board ny i, nh th s trnh tranh chp v gii phng ti nguyn cho my tnh. Win98/ME: y l HH t t ng nhn bit thit b (do bn thn n l c nn khng c cc driver cho cc thit b mi ra sau n). ci driver, bn t a driver i km vo, trnh ci t s t ng chy. Khi , thng th bn ch cn n Next hoc OK. Cn nu khng t ng, bn buc phi lm theo cch th cng. Bn vo Control Panel => System Properties, chn th Device Manager, bn mun ci driver cho thit b no, hy bm kp chut ln tn thit b , th General bm

nt Reinstall driver, hoc vo th Driver, bm nt Update Driver. Ca s Update Device xut hin, bn hy lm theo cc bc c hng dn. d dng, bn hy chn Search for a better driver cho my t tm. Nu bn bit r mnh nh ci driver cho thit b no, hy chn Display a list of all the driver, chn thit b cn ci t, bm Have disk v ch ng dn ti th mc cha driver trn da CD driver i km thit b. Thng th file driver c tn l *.inf. Sau khi ci xong, bn phi khi ng li my tnh cc thay i c hiu lc. Ch : Driver cho cc thit b tch hp sn trn mainboard (nh Sound/ VGA) nm trong CD km theo mainboard. Win2K/XP: y l hai HH ra sau ny, nn tch hp kh nhiu driver cho cc thit b (nht l Windows XP Professional) thng th t phi ci t thm driver na, tr mt s thit b c bit khc. (Theo mt s ngi dng Windows XP th n hi b kn modem gn trong, ngay c khi ci chnh driver cho WinXP c cung cp km theo.) Mt s cn khng c driver cho WinXP, bn c th dng tm driver ca Win2K thay cho WinXP (c th s khng n nh). Ci driver trong Win2K/XP cng tng t nh Win9X: Bn vo Start => Control Panel => System => Hardware => Device Manager. Trong ca s lit k thit b, bn bm phm phi chut vo thit b cn ci driver ri chn Update Driver. Bn c th chn phng thc ci t t ng (Install the sofware automaticcally) hay t ch nh driver cho Windows (Install from a list or specific location) ci t. Trong trng hp cn kim tra li tnh trng hot ng ca thit b trc khi ci driver, bn g b driver ang bo li bng cch bm phm phi chut vo thit b cn ci driver ri chn Uninstall, sau bm phm phi chut vo thit b bt k ri chn lnh Scan for hardware changed Windows d tm li. Nu thit b hot ng tt, Windows s pht hin c thit b v bn tin hnh ci driver nh bnh thng. Nu Windows khng pht hin ra thit b, bn cn tt my kim tra li thit b. Ch : Bn c th tm cc driver mi nht cho cc thit b ti trang ch ca hng sn xut hay ti cc website chuyn cung cp driver cc loi nh: http://www.windrivers.com/, http://www.driverguide.com.

Ci t cc phn mm ng dng ca bn
Thm mt phn mm (chng trnh) no vo my tnh, l ci t chng trnh. Trc tin, bn cn phn bit gia sao chp (Copy) v ci t (Install hay Setup). _Vi mt s phn mm nh, khi chy ch cn mt vi file v chy c lp khng quan h vi cc phn mm khc. Ta ch cn c mt bn sao ca n, em v vo a cng ca ta (cng copy) l c th s dng c bng cch cho thi hnh mt trong cc file .exe ca phn mm . _Nhng i vi cc phn mm ln, khi chy cn nhiu file v c nh v n cc phn mm khc: Mun s dng c, trc ht bn cn c bn gc trn a mm hay trn CD-ROM, sau phi ci t phn mm vo a cng bng cch cho thi hnh mt trong cc file Install.exe hay Setup.exe (ty theo phn mm). Chng trnh ci t s lm cng vic gii nn cc file vo a cng, xp t chng vo cc th mc con, to vng mi trng v ng k cc thng s cn thit vo cc file h thng ca Windows, sao cho phn mm c th chy c tt nht m khng cn

s can thip ca chng ta. Nu bn khng bit cch ci t, c th phn mm khng th chy c hay thng xuyn b li. _ trnh gp rc ri trong vic ci t v s dng chng trnh, bn nn tm c cc file *.txt, *.doc, *.pdf, c trong mi chng trnh, c bit l file Readme.txt, cc file ny lun cha nhng thng tin cn thit v mi nht (gi cht) v chnh chng trnh . _Trong qu trnh ci t, bn s c hi mt i iu nh: Bn mun ci phn mm vo a, th mc no? Bn chn ci y , ti thiu hay bn chn la? Bn mun ci thng tr hay ch khi no bn cn s dng mi kch hot n? Bn c cn to a mm khi ng khng? C cn t cc biu tng lin kt Desktop hay Quick Launch ( d tm khi cn chy chng trnh) hay khng, ni lu file cu hnh,... Nu hiu r th bn s chn c nhng ty chn thch hp, cn khng th bn c nhn Enter chp nhn nhng mc nhin do chng trnh ci t ngh. _Nu sau khi ci t, bn khng c nhu cu s dng na, bn c th g b ci t (uninstall) bng cch chn Uninstall trong menu ca chng trnh; hoc c th vo Control Panel => Add or Remove Programs chn chng trnh cn g b. i vi cc chng trnh n gin khng cn ci t, bn ch cn chy Windows Explorer xo th mc ca chng l xong. _Cn nu mun thm cc phn khc ca chng trnh m trc y cha ci, bn cng lm nh trn nhng ng chn Remove m chn Change. _Ch : Khi bn ci t phn mm xung a cng, bn khng c di chuyn hay i tn th mc cha phn mm ny v khi ci t cc thng tin v a ch ban u ca chng c lu tr trong phn qun l h thng v mi trng lm vic ca Windows. Tt nht l nn g b ri ci t li nu mun thay i a ch. _V d: Ci t b Microsoft Office XP. _Bn a a ngun vo, nu trnh ci t khng t ng chy, bn chy file SETUPPLS.EXE t th mc gc ca a ngun. Nhp CDKEY vo v bm Next. Ca s End-user license agreement xut hin, bn chn I accept the terms in the License Agreement v bm Next. Bn c ba chn la: - Install now: Ci t mc thng dng (mc nh) - Complete: Ci ton b vo da cng - Custom: La chn cc thnh phn cn ci t theo ring. _Di cng c nt Browse, bn mun ci vo th mc no th dn n th mc , khng nht thit phi ci nh ng dn mc nh. Bm Next. _Ca s thng bo cc la chn ca bn xut hin bn kim tra li nhng phn chn ( y l chn ht, chy trc tip trn HDD khng cn CD) v dung lng yu cu, dung lng da cng cn trng. Bm Install bt u ci t. Sau khi ci xong, nu HH l Win9X, bn phi khi ng li my mi c th dng c, cn Win2K/XP th khng cn, c th dng ngay c. Chy th nghim Sau khi ci t thnh cng tt c cc phn mm ln my tnh, bn hy cho chy tt c cc ng dng trong my bn, nu c hy chy tht nhiu ng dng cng lc, v chy cng lu cng tt (thng thng 24-48 ting). Song song vi vic chy ng dng, bn cng nn chy chng

trnh theo di tnh trng hot ng ca my tnh bn bit c nhit , lng ti nguyn CPU/RAM/a cng, v.v... m my tnh dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Thng qua , bn c th thay i cc thng s gip my tnh hot ng hiu qu hn, mt hn v n nh hn. Ngoi ra, bn cng c th dng thm: - Cc chng trnh test CPU/ RAM/Card mn hnh,... m bo cc thit b chy n nh khng b li. Mt s chng trnh thng dng nh: Prime 95, Sisoft Sandard, AIDA 32,... - Cc chng trnh Benchmark kim tra li kh nng ca... chnh bn, lp rp v ci t my th no t c hiu sut ti u nht c th. benchmark card mn hnh, bn dng chng trnh 3DMark 2001SE hoc mi nht l 3DMark 2003 (ti v ti www.futuremark.com) v Sisoftware Sandard cho benchmark CPU/RAM... (ti v ti www.sisoftware.net). - V cch s dng cc chng trnh ny, s c nhng bi vit nh hng dn bn mt cch c th. - Cc chng trnh benchmark/ test trong bi ny bn c th tm trn internet hoc tm mua a CD-ROM c cc chng trnh ny ti cc ca hng dch v tin hc (va nhanh va... r). Khi cng on cui cng ny hon tt, chic my tnh ca bn sn sng lm vic c ri y. Chc bn thnh cng v c c mt my tnh va ! CC PHN MM NN C TRONG MY MI LP RP 1. H iu hnh Windows 9x hay 2000 hay XP. 2. UniKey 5.x: g ting Vit trong cc ng dng. 3. Font ting Vit: Nn ci t mt font thng dng cho mi bng m ting Vit (k c 1 byte v 2 byte) nh: Bch khoa, Vni, Vietware, ABC, VPS, ... Nn s dng font Unicode lm mc nh nu chy Windows 2000/XP (c sn trong Windows). 4. Office 2000/XP: Thc hin cc cng vic vn phng v gia nh. 5. Windows Commander (hay Total Commander): Qun l th mc/file, nn v gii nn... 6. Lc Vit t in MTD2002: Tra cu nhanh Anh / Vit khi cn thit. 7. Mt trong cc chng trnh thng tr chng Virus nh D32, BKAV, McAfee Virus Scan, Norton Anti Virus...

K IV: Chn CASE, MUA "NH" CHO MY TNH C NHN

_Khi i mua my tnh c nhn (PC), mi ngi thng quan tm n chn CPU no, main g, card mn hnh chipset g, bao nhiu RAM, mn hnh phng my inch, v.v... Nhng t ngi ch n ci case (thng my) vn chim phn quan trng khng km. Ngoi vic ng vai tr nh ngi nh cho cc thnh phn k trn tr ng, case cn l anh nui tn ty, cung cp ngun nng lng cho tt c hot ng ca my tnh. _ chn c case tt, c nhiu yu t cn c xem xt nn ti s khng hng dn mt cch cng nhc rng bn phi chn th ny hay th kia. Bn nn t hiu v chn cho va mnh... B ngun

B ngun (Power Supply Unit - PSU) rt quan trng, thm ch cn quan trng hn c ci n p m bn dng cho PC yu du ca mnh. PSU cung cp nng lng cho ton b cc hot ng ca h thng. Bn nn ch : Nu in vo b ngun n nh song in mt chiu (DC) ra t PSU, cung cp trc tip cho hot ng ca my m c git ln xung tht thng th cng chng ch g. Cng dng chnh ca PSU l chuyn in AC ra thnh DC, c phn thnh nhiu ng nhng ba ng +12v, +5v, +3,3v l quan trng nht. Vi mt b ngun m yu th khi bn chy nhiu ng dng hoc CPU chy ht cng sut s dn ti tnh trng t khi ng li tht thng. Nu dng lu di, n chnh l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm gim tui th ca cc linh kin bn trong thng my. Vy n gin qu, ta c chn b ngun no c cng sut ln l OK? Khng sai, nhng cng... cha phi l ng! B ngun 350W cha chc l ngon hn 250W, v cng sut cha phi l yu t quyt nh. Vy ci g quyt nh y? PSU tt phi m bo cc in th ra ng nh thit k, hoc trong phm vi sai s cho php khi s dng ht cng sut ca b ngun. Mun vy, b ngun phi c thit k mch chnh xc, k lng v linh kin lp rp phi c cht lng cao. Trn thc t, mt s b ngun c ampe cao vn b st p, trong khi mt s PSU c ampe khng cao nhng li duy tr n nh dng ra. Bn nn "dzuyt" nhng loi thit k no? 1. Cng cp: Case phi c lm t thp tt, khng... p p. Nhng case tt thng s dng thp dy nn... nng. c ph sn tnh in tt khng b r r in ra bn ngoi (v l do ny, nhiu case c ph bn ngoi mt lp nha, nhng iu ny cha hn tt v c th lm hn ch kh nng ta nhit ca case).

Trc khi mua, bn nn ngh tho hai tm kim loi bn hng case xem khung c ch to kiu no. a s c lin kt theo kiu tn rivet, m nh vy th khng c chc chn lm. Hy th vn vo ci khung mt t xem, loi no qu p p th ng chn, v nh kim tra c khoang gn a cng (HDD) na, v n thng c lm rt chi l... u.

Nn kim tra nht l vch kim loi ni bn s gn mainboard vo: Vch phi chc chn, khng rung nh... rng b lo khi qut gii nhit (fan) CPU chy! C mt s mainboard ch gn mt u vo khung theo kiu np ci m khng bt c, nh vy kh gim c rung khi bn dng fan CPU c tc cao (4.800 vng/pht); ngoi ra bn s b tra tn v ting n ca my (khng phi do tc qut, m do... my rung!). 2. Hp l v tin nghi: Case phi c sn tnh in, song nhng loi sn dm thng rt d trc ra. Bn th g vi ci

vo case xem no. Cha ht, hy cn lp xi trc mt case sau mt thi gian rt d b trc ra, v vy nn mua loi c mt n bng nha, b phai tn nhan sc theo thi gian!

- a cng (HDD): Vi lng d liu khng l hin nay, s c lc bn phi mua thm ci a cng th hai, th ba, hay thm ch nu bn bin tp video th bn ci HDD cng l chuyn thng. Bn s gn chng vo u khi m a s cc case hin nay u thit k gn ti a ch c ba ci HDD? Do , bn nn tm cho mnh loi case no c khoang gn nhiu HDD, v c ch gn thm qut nu bn thy HDD chy qu nng. Nhng loi case ny, ti Vit Nam cng bt u c bn ri. - a quang (Optical Drive): Thng thng, case c t nht ba khoang cha. Tuy vy, bn nn chn loi case cng di cng tt. V sao vy? Nu bn dng mainboard c kch thc loi ATX ln, khi bn gn a quang vo khe th ba tr xung, n s nh ra pha trc mt case mt on do mt sau a quang chm vo mainboard (chnh xc l t in hoc khe cm RAM chng hn). Tuy mt s nh sn xut a quang sn xut a c kch thc ngn li mt cht cho ph hp (v d DVD-ROM ca hng LiteOn), nhng khng phi nh sn xut no cng lm vy. 3. Rng ri, lu thng khng kh tt, thong mt: Thng thng, case c c l hai bn hng v mt sau lu thng khng kh. Case cng to v cng cao, s lu thng khng kh cng tt. Case to thng c thit k bn c th gn thm hai qut: qut pha trc ht khng kh lnh vo, v qut pha sau thi khng kh nng ra. Do , mt sau v mt trc case thng c l trong phm vi 80x80mm gn qut. iu tr tru l qut mt trc li kh c gi ht vo v b ci mt n bng nha che ht c (!). Tt nht l bn nn chn loi c l thng gi mt n ng trc v v tr l hai bn hng, mt sau ph hp vi vic i lu khng kh (khng kh nng i t di ln v khng kh lnh i t trn xung). 4. Kh nng m rng: Hin nay, ph bin l loi case c bn u cp in (khng k u cp in cho FDD v hai u cp in thit k ring cho mainboard dng CPU Intel P4). Nu cn bn c th mua thm loi u ni chia mt ra hai b sung. Bn nn cn thn khi gn hay rt cc u cm v a s cc b ngun hin nay trn th trng ton l cc u cm cht lng thp, cm vo HDD hoc a quang th c nhng khi mun g ra l phi... nh vt(!) vi n, thm ch cn lm m nha trn HDD v a quang (nhiu ca hng khng nhn bo hnh ch v ci HDD b m mt gc nha!). Cng nn chn case c cc cng USB mt trc tin s dng, khng phi l d ra ng sau case cm vo, khng kho thnh ngi in quang th nguy to! (cc thit b dng USB rt ph bin nh chut/bn phm/ cng USB di ng/ d i g i c a m . . . ) Ngoi ra, nu c thm cng

cm Loa/ Headphone/ Micro ng trc cng rt tin li. Ch l c mt s case ch c cc l cng pha trc m khng c cp tht s!

Cc ph kin i km i km theo case lun c cc ti cha c cc loi, loa (speaker), dy ngun, b dy tn hiu (n led v speaker). Mt s case khng dng c bt cc thit b ri nh a quang, card PCI m dng cc thanh kim loi (hoc thanh nha) ci vo card gn trn mainboard hoc kp hai bn hng a quang, HDD... bn ch cn bt hai thanh ny vo da v y vo khoang cn thit trong case. Tnh nng ny thng gp trong cc case ngoi nhp (rt tin li), v mt s case thy bn ti Vit Nam cng c sn xut tng t. Bn cn kim tra xem cc ph kin k trn c khng. Vi loi c m gn mainboard vo case, nn chn c kim loi hnh lc gic (thng c mu vng). ng chn loi... c nha, hoc cc ming kim loi hnh lp phng gi vo case v chng khng c chc lm. Thng th phi c ba loi c: loi c m trn, rng nh, dng cho a quang v FDD; loi m ln rng to hn mt cht, dng cho mainboard v HDD; v loi c ln dng cho case. Phn cui cng l... mu m ca case. Do thch ring ca mi ngi, nn phn ny ty vo nh ca bn. Chc bn kho chn case v hi lng v s chn la y!

LP RP V S DNG o CNG
Lp rp My tnh c nhn (PC) hin nay cho php bn s dng bn a cng c giao tip IDE/ EIDE cng lc. phn bit cc a trn cng mt cp tn hiu, chng ta phi xc lp bng cch ni tt cc chn cm c quy nh c th trn tng a (set jumper). Nh sn xut lun cung cp s set jumper km theo a ca mnh v nu thiu, ch c cch l set m hay da trn a khc. (Ch : a CD-ROM theo chun giao tip IDE cng c tnh vo tng s ny.) Nu mun s dng trn bn a trong mt my, bn c th mua card Ultra ATA gn vo Slot PCI cn trng trn mainboard. Mi card Ultra ATA cho php gn thm bn a cng v mainboard s qun l cc a ny tng t cc a SCSI. Ch : Bn phi ci driver dnh cho tng phin bn Windows ca nh sn xut cung cp km theo card. Cc quy c khi lp rp, kt hp a: - Dy cp: Cp tn hiu ca a cng IDE/EIDE (40 dy) c ba u ni ging y nhau. Mt u

 gn vo u ni EIDE trn mainboard, hai u cn li gn vo u ni trn hai a cng. Khi cm dy, ch cm sao cho vch mu cnh cp ni vi chn s 1 ca u ni. Thng chn s 1 c quy c trn mainboard l cnh c ghi s 1 hay c du chm trn, hoc du tam gic. Trn a l cnh c ghi s 1, hay cnh nm st dy cm ngun. C hng sn xut nga trng hp cm ngc cp bng cch b bt mt chn u ni trn mainboard, v bt mt l tng ng u ni trn cp. Khi ni cp, c gng xoay tr u cp sao cho on dy i t mainboard n a cng l ngn nht. Thm ch, bn c th ni u gia ln Mainboard, hai u ba ln a cng. Ch : i vi cp Ultra ATA (80 dy) ta phi cm ng quy nh ca nh sn xut (thng cc u cm phn bit bng mu sc). Gia hai nhm a 1, 2 v 3, 4 phn bit bi hai dy cp gn vo hai u ni Pri (th nht 1, 2) hay Sec (th nh 3, 4). Gia a 1, 2 hay 3, 4 phn bit bng cch set Jumper trn mi a l Master (1, 3) hay Slave (2, 4). - Trn a c cc set sau: Master (single): a chnh duy nht. Master (dual): a chnh nhng c kt hp vi khc. Slave: a ph. Cable Select: Xc lp master hay slave bng v tr u cp. C mt s mainboard bt buc a khi ng phi c set l Master v c gn vo cp Pri (1). C mt s mainboard i mi cho php bn vo BIOS xc lp khi ng bng a no cng c hay t ng d tm a khi ng theo th t do bn quy nh trong BIOS ( mm, CD ROM, SCSI, cng C hay D, E, F...). C trng hp hai a khng chu chy chung vi nhau khi gn cng mt cp. Bn phi s dng hai cp cho hai a ny. S dng s dng c a cng vi h iu hnh DOS/Win, bn phi tin hnh cc th tc sau: Fdisk: Phn vng a. Format: nh dng a. Trong trng hp bn mi rp my hay lm li a, bn phi khi ng bng a mm ri dng chng trnh cha trn a mm tin hnh thao tc vi a cng. Cch lm a mm khi ng nh sau: * a a mm vo a A, nh lnh Format A: /S * Chp ti thiu cc file sau ln a mm: Fdisk, Format, Sys. Bn c th chp thm NC, cc chng trnh chng Virus, cc chng trnh tin ch...tu theo nhu cu v dung lng a mm cn trng. FDISK Khi bn nh lnh Fdisk, mn hnh u tin s hi bn c s dng FAT32 hay khng (DOS 7 h tr FAT32) ri n mn hnh c cc mc di y: 1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive 2. Set active partition 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive 4. Display partition information 5. Change current fixed disk drive Gii thch: * Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive: To khu vc trn a (c th l mt phn, c th l ton b) v to a Logic Dos. Trong mc ny cn c cc mc con:

a. Create Primary DOS Partition b. Create Extended DOS Partition c. Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition * u tin, bn phi tin hnh mc a tc l to Partition DOS th nht. Vng ny c c im l ch cha mt a duy nht c dung lng chim ton b khng gian vng v ch a ny c php khi ng. Nu bn khng chia nh a cng vt l th bn cho vng ny chim ton b v qu trnh fdisk k nh hon tt, Fdisk s t ng ch nh cho a ny l khi ng. Nu bn mun chia nh a, bn ch nh kch thc c th cho vng ny ri tin hnh mc b. * Mc b to vng a m rng dnh cho DOS. Dung lng l khng gian cn li ca a vt l hay ch mt phn nu bn mun d tr mt vng ring ngoi tm kim sot ca DOS (dnh cho h iu hnh khc) gi l vng Non DOS. Vng DOS m rng ny s cha tt c cc a Logic m bn mun to v bn tin hnh to chng bng mc c. 2. Set active partition: Ch nh a c php khi ng. Theo quy nh ca DOS, ch c a nm trong Pri Partition mi c php active ( a C). Mc ny ch dng khi bn khng cho vng Pri chim ton b dung lng a vt l. 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive: Xo b nhng g bn to trong mc 1. Theo quy nh ca DOS, qu trnh xa phi ngc li vi qu trnh to, ngha l ci g to u tin phi c xo sau cng v ngc li. Trong mc ny c cc mc con: a. Delete Primary DOS Partition b. Delete Extended DOS Partition c. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition d. Delete Non-DOS Partition Trong mc ny, bn phi tin hnh ngc t di ln trn tc l tin hnh theo th t 4,3,2,1. 4. Display partition information: Hin th tnh trng hin ti ca a cng. Mc ny bn nn chn u tin trnh tnh trng thao tc ln a. 5. Change current fixed disk drive: Chn a vt l thao tc. Ch : Khi bn Fdisk trn a cng no (logic hay vt l) ton b d liu trn a s b xo. Fdisk ch dng cho a cng, bn khng th Fdisk a mm. FORMAT Format c dng cho a cng ln a mm v gn nh l chng trnh thng dng khi s dng my tnh. Nhng Format c hai tnh nng cha c nh gi ng mc l format trit (/u): qu trnh kim tra a k lng nht, v format /q (format nhanh): cch xo a c nhiu file nhanh nht. Cng dng chnh ca Format /u l xa mi d liu c, nh dng li a ging nh khi mi mua. Trong qu trnh nh dng li n cn kim tra nh du cc v tr xu khng s dng c. Cng dng ca Format /q l khng lm g nh hng n d liu hin c trong cng, n ch lm mt vic n gin l xo cc thng tin dng qun l d liu. Khi no cn ghi d liu mi th d liu c b xo i. Do , nu format /q, bn vn c th phc hi d liu li c nu cha ghi d liu mi ln. K t cho a Trn my c t hai cng tr ln m mi cng li chia thnh nhiu phn vng (partition) th

vic t tn a ca DOS d lm bn ri v chng c gn theo mt th t k cc: DOS ch nh k t a cho cc phn vng chnh (pri) trc ri mi n cc phn vng m rng (ext). Th d: C ba a, mi a chia hai phn vng th tn ca chng c gn l C cho phn vng pri ca 1, D cho phn vng pri ca 2, E cho phn vng pri ca 3, F cho phn vng ext ca 1, G cho phn vng ext ca 2, H cho phn vng ext ca 3. i vi nhng ngi s dng my tnh t kinh nghim, h kh m bit k t a c gn thuc v cng no (tr C). Bn c th trnh c rc ri ny bng cch ch chia phn vng ext cho cc cng t th hai tr i. Khi , DOS s gn k t a theo ng trt t vt l ca chng, ngha l ln lt t th nht n cui cng (v ch c mt phn vng pri trn 1). Bin php ny c mt nhc im l tt c cc a khng c phn vng pri s khng khi ng c v khng th dng lm C nu mang sang cc my tnh khc. Nu ang s dng Windows 98 trn my Pentium MMX tr ln, bn c th p dng cch n gin sau: Khng khai bo cng th nh tr i trong BIOS. Khi vo Windows, h iu hnh ny t pht hin ra cc cng v s qun l vi cc k t a c sp xp tip theo cng th nht (th d: C l phn vng pri trn 1; D l phn vng ext trn 1; E l phn vng pri trn 2; F l phn vng ext trn 2). Bin php ny c nhc im l khng s dng c cng th hai khi khi ng vi DOS, nhng c u im l bn vn chia a nh bnh thng (c th dng lm C khi ng khi chy trn my khc). Nu chy Windows NT/2000/XP, bn c th vo Computer Manager/Disk Management v thay i k t a tu . Format cp thp a cng (low level format) Thng thng, nh sn xut format cp thp cho a trc khi xut xng, format cp thp a cng (low level format) s ghi li thng tin nh dng ln tng sector a cng v mt vt l ph hp vi trng thi u t ghi/c lc v loi b cc sector h hng (nu c) khi danh sch qun l ca mch iu khin (trnh trng hp ghi vo y lm mt d liu). Sau thi gian s dng, c th c mt s sector b h hng hay tnh trng u t c/ghi b thay i (do cc chi tit c kh b mi mn), chng ta nn format cp thp li cp nht tnh trng vt l mi cho a. nh hng ca n tng ng vi mt ln ghi d liu v khng h lm gim tc hay tui th ca cng, tuy nhin chng ta cn ch cc vn sau: - Format cp thp a cng s pht hin cc sector hng v s giu chng v mt vt l (mch iu khin a) tt c cc chng trnh (k c h iu hnh) khng bao gi dng c cc sector ny, do mi ln format cp thp li, c th dung lng a hu dng s b gim (nu c thm sector hng mi). - Trong mt s mainboard, BIOS c chc nng format cp thp v qu trnh thc hin vic format ny rt chm. - C mt s phn mm chuyn dng format cp thp ca cc hng sn xut cng chy rt nhanh v c th s dng cho nhiu loi khc nhau. Tuy nhin, chc nng giu sector hng khng c hon ho lm (khi c, khi khng...). - Qu trnh format cp thp l mt qu trnh ghi c a ton din v trn ton b b mt vt l ca a cho nn c th ni y cng l mt qu trnh kim tra tnh trng hot ng kh nng n i vi cc a c ( no qu yu th c th tt th lun do khng chu ni th thch). Do , khng nn format mc Low Level nhiu ln, m ch thc hin khi tht cn thit.

Phn mm cho cng

BeClean y l mt tin ch khng th thiu cho my tnh ca bn, gip dn dp, lm sch my tnh ca bn bng cch xa bt nhng thnh phn khng cn thit. Nh vy, my tnh ca bn s chy trn tru v t b li hn. BeClean c nhng tnh nng sau: Registry Cleaner (dn dp registry); Internet Cleaner (xa internet cache); History Cleaner (dn dp history); Temporary Files Cleaner (xa nhng file tm); Start Menu Cleaner; Desktop Cleaner (xa nhng lin kt khng hp l trong menu Start v trn Desktop); Empty Recycle Bin (lm sch thng rc). Ngoi ra, bn cn c th ch nh chng trnh dn dp mt th mc, mt kha registry... theo bn. BeClean l phn mm min ph, phin bn 1.3 c dung lng 1,78 MB, bn c th ti xung t a ch: http://boozet.xepher.net/download/beclean130.exe. Active@ File Recovery Chng trnh cho php phc hi li cc file b mt hoc b xa i trc . Phn mm s qut a trong vi pht v s hin th tt c cc file c phc hi. Chng trnh c th phc hi d liu trn a cng cng nh a mm v h tr hu ht cc h thng file nh: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5. Hn na, n cn phc hi c c tn file di (long file names). Active@ File Recovery c th d tm v phc hi d liu trn a c kch thc ln (trn 8GB) mt cch nhanh chng. Tuy nhin, phin bn dng th ch cho php phc hi nhng file c dung lng nh hn 32KB, nu bn s dng phin bn ng k th s khng b gii hn v kch thc file c phc hi. Phn mm tng thch vi h iu hnh Windows 9x/ME/ NT/2000/XP. Phin bn 2.0 c dung lng 321 KB, a ch ti: http://www.filerecovery.net/downloads/filerecoverydemo.zip.

6 B AN CA A CNG
Gii hn 32GB ca FAT32 trong Windows 2000 Theo l thuyt, kch thc ca phn vng (partition) a i vi FAT32 trong Windows 2000 l 2 TB (Terabytes) - tc khong 2000GB. Tuy nhin, trn thc t kch thc ln nht ca mt phn vng (cng l kch thc ca mt a logic) khi s dng FAT32 l 32GB. Lu : Khi c gng nh dng mt phn vng a FAT32 ln hn 32GB, vic nh dng s kt thc tht bi gn cui qu trnh vi thng bo li sau y: Logical Disk Manager: Volume size too big. Nh vy, nu bn c mt a cng t 40GB tr ln, bn nn chia thnh nhiu phn vng, mi phn vng c kch thc ti a l 32GB, nu bn quyt nh s dng h thng tp tin FAT32. Thiu st vng a trng (Free Space Flaw) ca FAT32 Hin tng Free Space Flaw (thiu st vng a trng) l mt s st nh i vi h thng

FAT32, khin cho Windows thnh thong khng bo ng dung lng a cn trng (v d n bo ch cn vi chc MB a trng, trong khi thc t l hn 500 MB), c bit l khi my tnh ca bn b treo hay tt my khng ng th tc (do cp in chng hn). Tnh trng ny khng c g nguy him. Tt c nhng g bn cn lm sa cha l chy tin ch Scandisk (scandskw.exe trong Windows, scandisk.exe trong DOS). Nn nh rng Scandisk ch gii quyt nht thi, vn ny vn c th xy ra sau mi khi my ca bn b treo hay bn tt my khng ng cch. Lu : * Windows 95 OSR 2.x v cc Windows 9x sau ny c ci t ch t ng chy Scandisk mi khi h thng ca bn b tt khng ng th tc. * Thiu st ny ch nh hng n vng a trng do Windows tnh ton ch khng phi l ngun gc ca vic mt d liu. H tr DMA? Tng t nh CD (xem bi DMA v nhng vn lin quan n CD v CD R/W eCHP s 4), khi thit lp c tnh h tr DMA cho a cng, bn c th lm cho h thng ca mnh chy nhanh hn nu h thng p ng c y cc yu cu k thut (loi chipset trn bo mch ch h tr Bus Mastering DMA, trnh iu khin thit b thch hp, cng h tr DMA). Ngc li, bn cng c th gp nhiu rc ri vi n. C mt iu lc quan l hin nay tt c cc bo mch ch v cng c mt trn th trng trong thi gian gn y u h tr (Ultra) DMA. a cng qu nng? Ni chung, nhit trong my khi tng ln qu cao (do qut thot nhit b h hay h thng thot nhit khng hiu qu) s c th gy ra nhiu s c au u nu bn cha c kinh nghim v chuyn ny. Ring v a cng, nu nhit trong mi trng gn n tng cao c th gy ra li khi ghi a (disk write error). Nu bn thy khi my mi chy th khng c g xy ra, nhng khi chy c mt thi gian (khong 30 pht) my bt u bo li th bn c th nghi ng h thng thot nhit ca bn c vn . Nhit nh hng n a cng nh th no? Khi c xut xng, mi a cng c nh dng cp thp (lowlevel format). Sau khi c nh dng cp thp, mi cung t (sector) c nh v r rng nh nhng thng tin phn u (sector header) v phn cui (sector trailer). Nh , u t c th nh v chnh xc c cung t cn truy cp. Trong cc tc v c/ghi thng thng, ch c 512 byte d liu cng vi cc byte CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) phn cui c ghi vo cung t. Sau mt thi gian hot ng k t lc bt u bt my, nhit a cng nng dn ln, dn ti hin tng gin n cc phin a (thng bng nhm) do tc dng nhit. Nh vy, mi track (tp hp ca cc cung t theo trc ng to thnh mt hnh tr tng tng) s dch chuyn ra pha ngoi vi mt khong cch xp x 1,25 phn ngn (1,25) inch. Phn ln cc a cng kch c 5 -inch c mt track gia 500 n 1000 TPI (track per inch track trn mt inch), nh vy khong cch gia cc track lin k nhau ch vo khong 1-2 phn ngn () inch. Hu qu l s gin n nhit ca cc phin a cng 5 -inch c th lm cho cc tracks di di t n hn

mt khong cch track (so vi v tr nguyn thy ca track ) di u t. Nu c ch dch chuyn u t ca a khng b tr b tr i vi hin tng gin n nhit trong cc phin a s gy ra s sai lch track nghim trng. Khi xy ra s sai lch track do hiu ng nhit, bn c th thy thng bo li ging nh th ny: Sector not found reading drive C: Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail? May mn l cc a mi hin nay u c c ch ph theo ng track (track-following servo): khi track b di di do nhit, b phn nh v ca u t t ng b tr nh v ng track cn truy cp. Nhiu cng loi ny tri qua mt s b tr nhit d nhn bit sau mi 5 pht hay sau 30 pht u tin k t lc bt my, v thng l sau mi 30 pht sau . Trong qu trnh b tr nhit ny, nu ch bn c th nghe ting u t dch chuyn ti, lui khi chng c lng v b tr s thay i v nhit ca cc phin a. Tuy nhin, khi a b qu nng (do khng gii nhit tt) th s thay i v nhit xy ra nghim trng n mc c ch b tr nhit ca u t khng theo kp; do cng c th dn n li nh ni trn. Nh vy, trnh nhng s c do nhit i vi cng, bn nn duy tr cho nhit mi trng chung quanh a cng v trong a cng ng tng qu cao v tng i n nh bng cch lu n vic gii nhit cho ton h thng. C mt s a cng c tng cng lm mt bng cch gn thm qut mt di ca a (phn gn bo mch). Tuy nhin, nu qut c cht lng dm th sau mt thi gian qut b trc trc (chy chm, git cc hay khng khi ng ni), c th gy nh hng n a cng, thm ch c th lm h a cng. Nu bn cm thy my ca mnh t ni thong mt, hoc trong phng lnh th bn c th khng cn s dng qut lm mt ny bng cch ngt ngun cp in cho qut, hoc thay bng mt qut m bo cht lng cao bo v a cng. Nhng thng s bit ni Khi mua a cng, thng bn ch quan tm n dung lng a cng, tc ATA, tc quay (5400, 7200 RPM...) ch t khi quan tm n nhng thng s khc. Thc ra, a cng cn nhiu thng s bit ni khc gip bn d dng nhn nh cht lng ca a cng; hoc khi nghe qung co v mt a cng mi bn cng khng cm thy , cc cc:

Nhn din nhng a cng trn th trng Vit Nam

Hai loi HDD UltraATA v SerialATA c hnh dng nh nhau, u c 3,5inch, ch khc nhau giao din kt ni vi mainboard. Giao din SerialATA cha thy c, mc d c nhiu loi mainboard h tr n.

* Trn th trng Vit Nam hin ch ph bin HDD chun UltraATA/100 v mt s t

UltraATA/133 (hu ht l hng Maxtor). * Sau khi Maxtor mua hng sn xut HDD ni ting Quantum hi cui nm 2000, ti na cui nm 2002, thm Hitachi thu tm b phn sn xut HDD ca IBM. Hin nay, Quantum ht hng v IBM cng bt u him. Hng c ch l tn kho hay hng bo hnh. * Trn th trng Vit Nam hin nay ch yu ch cn HDD ca hai hng Seagate v Maxtor c sn xut Singapore v Trung Quc. * Thnh thong c thm ngun hng ca hng IBM sn xut Thi Lan hay Samsung (Made in Korea). Gn y, li c thm sn phm ca Western Digital tham gia th trng Vit Nam. * Cc HDD ca Seagate, Maxtor, IBM c hai loi: bnh thng (tc vng quay 5.400 rpm) v IBM Plus, Maxtor Plus hay Seagate Barracuda (7.200 rpm). * V HDD l mt b phn cc k quan trng, cha h iu hnh, cc ng dng v d liu, bn nn mua HDD ca cc hng ln, c tn tui. Mua ca i l chnh hng c hng ch bo hnh chnh thc. Tt nht l c dn tem bo m v bo hnh ca tng i l. * K t ngay 1/10/2002, sau pht pho m hng ca Maxtor, ri ko theo hai hng Seagate v Western Digital, thi gian bo hnh ca cc loi a cng desktop t ba nm b gim xung cn mt nm. Cc cng mua trc vn tip tc c hng ch bo hnh ba nm. Ch ny p dng trn ton th gii.

Hng dn cch gn cc a cho my tnh

GN A CNG
Hin nay cc a cng (HDD) v a quang (nh CDROM, CD-RW...) dnh cho my tnh bn ph thng c hai giao din IDE v SerialATA (SATA). Cc h thng t Pentium 4 Socket 775 tr i chnh thc h tr giao din SATA. Gi cc a SATA cng gim mnh, chnh lch khng l bao so vi giao din IDE. Bn cn nh ch, khi xi a IDE, bn bt buc phi bit cch gn jumper cu hnh n hot ng v tr Master hay Slave. Nu a b cu hnh sai, h thng s xy ra xung t gia Master v Slave. Cn vi cng ngh SerialATA, a chng c jumper no v bn cng khng cn phi bn tm v chuyn Master hay Slave na. Cp d liu SATA nh dp gip bn trong thng my ri rm v s thng thong hn so vi khi dng cp dt IDE bn b (40 hay 80 chn). Nhng iu gy n tng nht l bng thng ca giao din SATA hn hn IDE v ang c pht trin cao hn na. Hin nay, vi phin bn u tin, SATA c bng thng d liu 150MB/s, trong khi ca IDE ti a cng ch 133MB/s.

V th, y chng ta s cng nhau gn a SATA. Cch gn cc a cng v a quang u ging nhau v c bn.

GIAO DIN SATA C CP D LIU V CP IN KHC HN IDE. CHNG MINHON HN, DP HN. CP SATA C HAI U GING HT NHAU. BN NH G B NP Y TRC KHI GN CP VO MAINBOARD V A.

CP D LIU SATA (BN PHI) V CP IDE. BN HY QUAN ST HAI U CP V HAI CHN CM CA CP D LIU (NH HN, BN TRI TRONG HNH) V CP IN.

KHI CM A CNG, BN NH CH C CM CC CNH CA N. KHNG CHM TAY LN MT KIM LOI V C TH DN TI HIN TNG SC TNH IN. C BIT, CH CN BN CHM LN L DU TAY CA BN S IN HN LN B MT KIM LOI. NU TAY BN THUC LOI NHIU M HI TH DU VN TAY S KHNG TH CHI SCH C U. M HI TRN DU VN TAY LU NGY S GY NHNG PHN NG HA HC BT LI VI LP KIM LOI MT A.

BN PHI GN A CNG VO KHOANG 3.5-INCH TRONG THNG MY TRC KHI GN BT C CP NO. KHI A A VO THNG MY, BN PHI LA TH V CN THN KHNG GY NG CHM, LM TN THNG CC CHIP V LINH KIN KHC TRN MAINBOARD. SAU KHI BT C C NH A, BN MI TIN HNH GN CC CP D LIU V CP IN VO CHN CM TNG NG TRN A V TRN MAINBOARD.

BN HY KIM TRA K LNG CC U CP D LIU V CP IN C GN THT CHT V THT KHT HON TON VI CC CHN CM. TUYT I KHNG C BT C KHE H NO GIA U CM V CHN CM.

CP IN CA SATA HIN NAY C THIT K S DNG VI CC B NGUN ANG THNG DNG. N GM MT U NG CHUN SATA (MU EN) GN VO CHN CM NGUN TRN A, V MT U NI 4 CHN (MU TRNG) BN NI VI MT U CP IN IDE 4 CHN CA B NGUN.

TRN MAINBOARD C THIT K CC CHN CM SATA (C GHI K HIU V TH T C TH). I TRC CH C 2 CHN CM, NHNG T H THNG CHIPSET INTEL 915 V 925 TR I, MAINBOARD C TI 4 HAY 8 CHN CM SATA. TT C CC CHN CM SATA NY C CP IN T CHP CU NAM INTEL ICH6R SOUTHBRIDGE.

VIC GN CP D LIU RT N GIN. BN CH VIC GN U CN LI CA SI CP SATA VO MT CHN CM SATA TRN MAINBOARD. NU CH C MT A SATA, BN GN VO CHN CM S 1 (SATA 1). CH CN BN CH XOAY CHIU U CP CHO KHP VI CHN CM. THT RA CNG D THI V CHN CM V U CM U C THIT K C KHP NH V GIP BN KHNG TH GN LN CHIU. BN PHI GN U CP SATA THT KHT HON TON VI CHN CM.

NU C BAO NHIU A SATA, BN GN BY NHIU U CP VO CC CHN CM TRN MAINBOARD THEO TH T T SATA U TIN.

GN A QUANG OPTICAL DRIVE Trong quy trnh lp rp my tnh mi, sau khi a cng c bn cho yn b gia tht, bn tin hnh vic gn a quang (nu c). y, chng ta vn cn xi a quang c giao din IDE. CNG VIC U TIN BN PHI LM TRC KHI GN A VO KHOANG L KIM TRA V NU CN TH CU HNH LI JUMPER XC NH V TR HOT NG CA L MASTER HAY SLAVE. CC A QUANG TC CAO HIN NAY U C NH SN XUT GN SN JUMPER V TR MASTER. DO CHNG TA GN A QUANG MT CP TN HIU RING BIT VI A CNG (HDD CP PRIMARY IDE, CN A QUANG S CP SECONDARY IDE), NN NU CH C MT A QUANG, BN C VIC JUMPER DEFAULT MASTER. TRONG TRNG HP C 2 A QUANG (NH DVDROM V CDRW), BN PHI CU HNH MT MASTER V KIA SLAVE. TRN CC A QUANG C GHI SN K HIU V TR CA CHN CM JUMPER, PH BIN L MA (MASTER) V SL (SLAVE). THNG TH MASTER NM NGAY ST CHN GN CP TN HIU. BY GI, BN BT U GN A QUANG VO MT KHOANG 5,25- INCH CA THNG MY. BN M NP NHA CHE MT KHOANG 5,25-INCH. THNG L PHI B LUN C MING CHE BNG KIM LOI PHA TRONG KHOANG. KHC VI A CNG PHI GN T BN TRONG THNG MY V T SAU Y RA TRC, A QUANG C GN T PHA TRC KHOANG Y VO TRONG.

BT CC C VT (THNG L LOI NH, KM THEO ) C NH VO THN THNG MY. KHNG DNG LOI C LN C TH LM TUN RNG CA L BT C TRN THN A.

C NH XONG A, BN BT U GN CC CP CHO N. U TIN L CP M THANH. BN CM U CP THEO NG CHIU (C NGM SN) VO CHN CM AUDIO OUTPUT PHA SAU A. CHN CM TN HIU ANALOG THNG NM ST V TR CC JUMPER.

RI GN U BN KIA CA CP TN HIU M THANH VO CHN CM CD-IN TRN MAINBOARD (NU DNG M THANH TCH HP ON-BOARD) HAY VO CHN CM CD-IN CA SOUND CARD.

GN MT U CP D LIU (U PHN CP DI NHT) VO CHN CM IDE (NU C MT HDD IDE, BN CHN CHN CM SECONDARY IDE CHO A QUANG) CN THN GN CHO NG CHIU U CM CP. NH SN XUT THIT K SN MU NH V TRN MT CNH U CP KHP VI KHE CT NH V TRN CHN CM. KIM TRA LI XEM CP D LIU C GN CHNH XC KHNG (LT HON TON VO CHN CM).

GN U KIA CA CP D LIU VO A QUANG.

CH CHIU CP. CNH CP C NH DU (SC EN HAY HAY TRNG) PHI GN VO CHN S 1 (PIN 1) CA CHN CM CP D LIU TRN A QUANG (NM ST BN CHN CM IN IDE 4 CHN).GN MT U CP CP IN IDE 4 CHN CA B NGUN VO CHN CM IN CA A QUANG. CH GN NG CHIU (HAI CNH C VT GC CA U CM KHP VI HAI GC XO CA CHN CM). MO NH: HAI DY CP IN MU VNG CA U CP LUN NM PHA NGOI, ST CNH CA A QUANG.

KHI CN PHI G CP D LIU RA KHI A QUANG, BN TUYT I KHNG C NM SI CP GIT MNH RA M PHI CM U CP BNG NHA LC NH SANG HAI BN G CP RA. (MT S HNG MAINBOARD NH GIGABYTE CN THN GN THM MT MU GIY NHA GIP G CP D DNG HN). S D PHI CN THN V VIC GIT MNH TRC TIP SI CP C TH LM TN THNG HAY T CC SI CP PHA BN TRONG, TUY A VN HOT NG C, NHNG D XY RA CC S C TRUYN D LIU (C BIT NGUY HIM I VI GHI A).

Vic gn cc a cng giao din IDE cng tng t nh vy. Ch khc l khng c cp m thanh m thi. Bn ch l khi a HDD vo khoang, cn phi tht cn thn khng lm tn thng cc chp, chn cm,... trn mainboard. GN A MM a mm (Floppy Disk Drive, FDD) by gi khng cn thng dng na ri. boot my, ngi ta chuyn sang a CD (hc, gi cn r hn a mm). Cn chp d liu th c cc FlashDrive. Nhng ni vy ch khng phi ta c th ct t dy chung tuyt i vi FDD. Chng hn khi s dng chc nng RAID nh mt a boot, bn vn cn phi c mt FDD trong h thng. Ni u xa, trong qu trnh ci t Windows, nu mainboard c h tr RAID hay thm ch vi mt s mainboard xi chp iu khin SerialATA ring (nht l khi khng dng chipset Intel c h tr sn SATA), bn phi b sung thm driver ca RAID hay SATA t ngun duy nht l a mm km theo mainboard.

Hin nay, hu nh cc thng my (case) u thit k sn khe np a mm c nh panel pha trc (bn khng cn phi mt cng g ming che nha pha trc thng my ra). gn FDD, bn a a t pha trong thng my y ra pha trc khoang 3,5-inch. Do FDD nm lt tut pha trong khoang, bn cn phi gn cc cp cho n trc khi bt vt. C chn cm d liu ln cp d liu ca FDD u khc hn IDE. Cp d liu FDD c

34 chn.

Cm mt u cp d liu FDD vo chn cm trn FDD. Nu si cp c mt u ch ra v xon cho th bn nh gn phn u cp vo FDD. Ch cho ng chiu: cnh sc mu (thng l mu ) trn si cp phi khp vi chn s 1 (chn di bn tri). Nu gn khng ng chiu, FDD s khng c c d liu (ch vic tt my v o chiu cp l xong). Gn cp in l vic kh khn v nguy him. V nu gn khng chnh xc, chch chn, c th gy chm in lm chy khng ch FDD m c mainboard na. Cng may l hu ht cc nh sn xut FDD sau ny rt kinh nghim thit k thm ngm nh v v tr cc chn cm in. Bn cm u cp in FDD (4 chn) ca b ngun vo cc chn cm in trn FDD. Ch cc ngm nh v v dy mu nm mp ngoi, st ca FDD. Bt tm hai c vt c nh FDD vo thng my. Kim tra xem vic np a c tt khng bng cch y FDD st ra pha trc v dng mt a mm 1.44MB np vo ri nhn phm y (eject) xem chic a c c tng ra khng. Nu hon ho, bn sit cht cc c vt. By gi mi ti lc gn u cp d liu vo chn cm FDD trn mainboard. Nu cp c mt u xon th bn phi gn u khng b xon vo mainboard. Cng ch cnh c sc nh du ca cp khp vi chn s 1 ca chn cm. Tuy vy, bn yn tm v nh sn xut ngy nay thit k sn cc chu v khe nh v gip ngi dng gn cp chnh xc. iu ny c bit cn thit khi dng cp th h mi l cp trn (rounded cable) thay cho cp dt (flat cable).

Vy l bn hon tt vic gn FDD. Gn b nh cho my tnh

Sau khi gn xong CPU v qut, bn bt u vic gn cc thanh b nh h thng vo cc slot DIMM trn mainboard. Trn mainboard ca Gigabyte v mt s hng khc, cc khe DIMM c phn bit bng mu sc khc nhau gip bn d dng cu hnh Dual Channel (b nh knh i) hn. Cn nh l ty mi hng m c m mu khc nhau. Th d, c mainboard dng mt mu cho mi knh. C mainboard dng mu nh du cc khe DIMM tng ng trong hai knh cu hnh Dual. Mainboard Gigabyte thuc loi th hai ny . V th, cu hnh Dual, bn ch vic gn hai thanh DDR vo hai slot DIMM c cng mu vi nhau. Cng ging nh hu ht mainboard khc da trn hai b chipset Intel 915G Express v Intel 915P Express, Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP Duo h tr c hai loi b nh DDR (2,5V) v DDR2 (1,8V). Tuy nhin, bn ch c php dng mt trong hai loi, hng c chung ch nghen. C th l bn c th tn dng DDR400 ang c hay tu mi DDR2-533. Mainboard c ti 6 slot DIMM, trong c hai slot mu vng nht dnh cho DDR2.

bo m c tnh tng thch v s n nh tt nht cho b nh, bn cn tun th nguyn tc sau y: Cc cp DDR phi cng mt hng sn xut; cng mt dung lng (nh thanh 256MB, 512MB,..); cng tc (nh DDR333, DDR400,...); cng s lng con chip b nh trn thanh RAM v cng s mt (nh loi mt mt singlesided, hay hai mt double-sided). - L tng nht l mua hai thanh DDR, chy cp ny cng mt lc vi nhau bo m chng cng c gn cc con chp nh c cng mt l sn xut. Nu mua c hai thanh DDR trong b kit Dual do hng sn xut b nh cung cp sn, tnh tng thch v n nh l ti u.

B KIT 2 THANH DDR2-533 CA MUSHKIN.

Tm li, l tng nht l khi mun gn thm mt cp DDR na vo mainboard, bn nn tm mua loi cng nhn hiu, tc v s mt (DDR mt mt hay hai mt) nh cp DDR ang c sn.
MAINBOARD GIGABYTE GA- 8GPNXP DUO C TI 6 SLOT DIMM. HAI CP CHO DDR400 2,5V (MU CAM V MU TM) V MT CP CHO DDR2-533 1,8V (MU VNG NHT).

HY CH CC V TR KHC NHAU CA CC KHC NH DU (NOTCH) CHO CC LOI DDR V DDR2. TRONG NH, KHE DIMM MU VNG NHT L DNH CHO DDR2. HAI SLOT DIMM MU CAM V TM L CHO DDR.

TRONG BI NY, CHNG TI S DNG HAI THANH DDR2- 533 VALUERAM (KVR533D2N4/ 512)

512MB CA HNG KINGSTON.

TRC TIN, BN BT HAI NGM KHA (MU TRNG) HAI U SLOT DIMM RA PHA NGOI. TNG T NH KHI GN HU HT CC LOI RAM KHC, BN PHI GI THANH DDR BNG C HAI TAY V N THEO CHIU THNG NG N VO KHE DIMM.

BN PHI LUN LUN CHC CHN RNG KHE CT LM TRN CNH CHN THANH DDR NM CHNH XC VI V TR KHC NH DU TRN KHE CM. KHC NY C THIT K BO M BN CH C TH N THANH DDR VO THEO MT HNG. N CNG GIP PHNG TRNH VIC GN NHM THANH DDR2 VO BT C KHE DDR NO.

GN DDR, BN N THNG NG THANH DDR XUNG KHE CHO TI KHI NO HAI NGM KHA (MU TRNG) HAI U SLOT BT VO KHP VI CC KHE CT HAI U THANH DDR.

THNG L BN S NGHE C MT TING CLICK NH BO NGM KHA C THANH DDR. TRNH S C NG TIC L THANH DDR KHNG C GN HON TON VO KHE (C TH GY CHM IN V CHY), BN CN KIM TRA CHC CHN CC NGM KHA TR V V TR THNG NG VI THANH DDR. TI KHI MUN G THANH RAM RA, BN BT HAI NGM MU TRNG HAI U KHE DIMM RA PHA NGOI BY THANH RAM LN. CNG NHC THANH RAM LN THEO PHNG THNG NG

Khc phc nhng s c thng thng ca a quang

Du hiu Khng th bt ngun cho my tnh

L do c th Mt ngun

Chn on v khc phc - Kim tra dy cp in

ngun ca a c ni vi cp in b ngun PSU cha? - Tt c cp cp in u bo m u ni tt? - Kim tra PSU c hot ng khng, qut ngun c quay khng? Kim tra li cp IDE xem Cc thit b c cm chnh xc khng? IDE xung t v set jumper chnh xc. Th nghe xem c ting a quay khng? Nu a quay m vn khng c c, th vi a khc tt hn. Nu vn khng c c, c th mt c hoc motor c vn .

a khng c du hiu hot ng

Khng th c c a

n LED pha trc sng lin tc trong qu trnh FlashROM b boot, vn c th Flash li h do cp firmware mi. Ti ng nht phin bn t Website firmware chnh thc ca nh sn khng ng xut v cn thn lm chnh xc theo hng dn. Khng th ng khay a hoc khay a khng y ra c Mt ngun Nt Eject b trc trc hoc dy curoa gin Kim tra ngun cp in ng sau a. Kim tra li nt Eject cn nhy khng? thay dy curoa nu cn.

FlashROM b Ti firmware mi v h flash li. Khay a khng ngay ngn B tc ng ca ngoi lc trong qu trnh ng/m khay. Thng thng s khng c bo hnh trong trng hp nh vy

a b v trong khi ang quay, cc mnh vn gy kt. Dng cy kim cht a b b, v vo l nh mt trc a y khay a ra. Dn sch mnh v trc khi ng vo. a gy ting n Ting n khi ng/m khay a Do cc bnh rng truyn ng gia motor v khay a, cc a dng dy curoa s m hn.

Ting n pht ra t phn no bn trong ca a khi hot ng

H thng cn bng t ng cho motor khi quay, gim s rung v ting n khi hot ng tc cao. C ch chnh nm vng trn cha cc vin bi kim loi c th di chuyn t do v lc ly tm s khin a tr nn cn bng hn. Khi khng quay, nhng vin bi ny ln t do s to nn mt s ting n nh trong a. Ting n l do cc vin bi di chuyn gia cc v tr ti to s cn bng. V nhiu l do, tc quay ca motor trong khi c thng xuyn c thay i. Trong sut qu trnh ny, cc vin bi s c sp xp li m bo s cn bng. Khi a bt u quay, trc khi motor chuyn sang trng thi quay cn bng bnh thng c th c ting n khng u l do a khng tht s ng u v phng, c th hi b cong, y l iu bnh thng. Bt c ting ku pht ra do va chm u khng bnh thng. Hy mang n dch v bo hnh kim tra.

Ting h khi bt u cho a vo

Ting h trong qu trnh c a

Ting n khng u

Ting n d thng

My tnh khng th nhn din c a

- Kim tra li cp IDE mt sau xem c gn BIOS khng chnh xc hay khng? th nhn ra - Kim tra jumper xem c a b trng lp? Lu ch c mt Master v mt Slaver trn cng mt knh IDE Khng thy Ti driver dng trong mi a trong mi trng DOS v v nh trng DOS np n lc khi ng. Khng thy a trong mi trng Windows Kim tra li IDE BUS controller trong BIOS mainboard chc chn rng c hai knh IDE u

 c bt ln (enable). B mt a c th b d Lau li b mt a bng loi vt liu mm nh d trnh lm try xc. Lau t trong ra ngoi, khng lau theo vng trn. a khng th c c a b hng do ghi khng ng hoc b try xc qu nhiu. Hy gi gn a ca bn cn thn. Hy chc chn rng a ca bn cng h tr nh dng c ghi trn CD. Kim tra li cp kt ni vi knh IDE. Kim tra cp audio c cm ng v tr trn a v trn sound card. Kim tra card m thanh, speaker c c thit lp ng v cc chc nng hot ng bnh thng hay khng. a dng cng ngh CAV c a, do vy tc truyn d liu ch t maximum v tr ngoi cng (t v tr pht 70 tr i). Tc truyn ti a ch t nhng track ngoi cng ca a. Tin ch kim tra phi test c track ngoi cng, v a phi c ghi ng chun test. Ch DMA/UDMA c bt hay khng? Nu khng, hy bt n ln (vo Control panel). Ct gi a cn thn, trnh lm d, try xc hoc gn ngun nhit, nh sng mt tri chiu trc tip. Kim tra li model a ang dng v phin bn firmware ti v. Hy

Khng th c a

a b hng, try xc

Khng ng nh dng Chi nhc khng bnh thng Kt ni trn knh IDE c vn Cp Audio

Card m thanh hoc loa

Tc truyn thp hn thit k

a ghi khng y

Kim tra trong mi trng khng thch hp Thit lp trong Windows cha ti u Cht lng a khng tt (do nh sn xut hay do bo qun) Khng th cp nht firmware mi Firmware mi khng ph hp vi

model hin ang dng

download t Website chnh thc ca nh sn xut. Qu trnh Flash Firmware c th b gin on bi in yu hoc h thng shutdown bt ng. Hy thc hin li. Nu khng c, gi n dch v bo hnh. c li v lm theo hng dn Flash Firmware ca chnh nh sn xut loi a bn dng.

S c sau khi cp nht firmware

B gin on trong khi Flash Firmware

Cp nht khng ng (Theo ti liu ca hng LiteOn sn xut thit b Optical Drive dng OEM cho Compaq, Sony, Gigabyte, TDK, v.v...).

Vn chuyn a cng cho an ton

Cch cm nm mt a cng
Board mch ca a cng (HDD) do cc linh kin rt nh to thnh. Cc linh kin ny rt mng manh. Khi cm HDD khng ng cch, ta c th lm chng b hoc nt, cng nh try st cc chn m mt thng kh pht hin c, gy ra hin tng HDD khng cn c my tnh nhn thy (khng detect c). Cch cm nm mt HDD ng cch l cm vo hai bn cnh ca a, khng c chm tay vo board mch, cng nh hn ch ti a vic tip xc trc tip vi a.

Bo v chng hin tng tnh in C th chng ta c th sn xut ra tnh in bt c lc no, cho nn khi tip xc vi HDD, ta cn phi c dng c bo v hin tng tnh in nh : bao tay v thit b chng tnh in. Nu khng c dng c bo v th nn

chm tay vo thng my ( kh tnh in) trc khi tip xc vi HDD. Nu hin tng tnh in xy ra, d gy ra hin tng n chp v h u c. Bo v chng hin tng phng in V board mch c thu gn li rt nh, khi tip xc vi board mch, chng ta c th v tnh lm cc hoa cht v m hi dnh ln board khin cho hin tng dn in xy ra gy chm mch (n chip). Cp ngun lng lo s gy nt tia la in v cng gy ra hin tng n chp.

S dng, bo qun v vn chuyn ng cch Khi s dng phi nh nhng, gn cng vo my tnh mt cch c nh. Khi gn cp tn hiu v cp ngun phi gn nh nhng, ngay thng khi b ming nha v gy chn trn board mch. ng bao gi dng ng mt cng v d b ng v phi hn ch tip xc nhiu vi n. Khi vn chuyn mt cng phi b vo bao chng tnh in do nh sn xut cung cp khi mua. Khi vn chuyn nhiu cng, chng ta nn t chng vo thng c mp bo v, trnh s va chm c th xy ra. Khi ly ra ch c cm vo cnh ca cng. Tuyt i khng nn b cng trong gi xe hay kp vo gc-ba-ga ca xe. Khng c rung, lc hay ly cng ra khi my khi n ang hot ng. Ch sau khi HDD dng hot ng khong mi giy mi c tip xc v phi c dng c bo v kh tnh in. Sau khi tt my, ta phi i chng 30 giy sau mi khi ng li. 11 bin php gi an ton cho HDD Khi mang cng i bo hnh, ta nn xem nh mnh ang cm trn tay mt cng mi. Nn tun th ng cch cm nm cng nh vn chuyn v ng gi. Nu

lm sai, ni bn v nh sn xut c th t chi bo hnh. 1. Hn ch s ln cm nm, tho rp, cng nh vn chuyn cng t cng tt. 2. ng bao gi vn chuyn cng m khng t chng trong bao chng tnh in. 3. Hy ngh rng cng ca chng ta rt mng manh, hy s dng cn thn. 4. Phi bo v HDD khi hin tng sc tnh in v phng in. 5. Khng chng cc cng ln nhau. 6. Sau khi my tnh ngng hot ng t nht mi giy, chng ta mi tho cng ra. 7. Hn ch s va chm mnh i vi cng. 8. ng bao gi s vo mt ngang cng m cha c s bo v tnh in. 9. ng dng ng cng, m nn t nm. 10. Khng bao gi ly cng ra khi n ang hot ng. 11. Khi gn cng vo my tnh, bn nn t n vo nh nhng, cm cp tn hiu v cp ngun ngay thng, nu khng s gy ra hin tng gy chn ngun v b ming nha. (Theo ti liu hng dn v cng Maxtor ca Cng ty AceCom Indochine)

Phn bit RAM

SINGLE-SIDED V DOUBLE-SIDED: RAM (ch yu l SDRAM v DDR) c ng gi vi hai hnh thc ch gn cc chp b nh ln mt mt thanh bo mch (gi l RAM mt mt, Single-sided) hay gn trn c hai mt bo mch (RAM hai mt, Double-sided). Nhng khng phi nh sn xut mun gn mt hay hai mt ty , m phi ty theo cu trc ca module RAM. LONG DIMM V SODIMM:

Cc thanh RAM dnh cho my tnh bn c nguyn kh nn gi l LONG DIMM. Cn loi xi cho my tnh xch tay c kch thc ngn hn gi l SODIMM (Small Outline DIMM, DIMM c vin ngoi nh). SDRAM SODIMM c 144 chn, trong khi DDR SODIMM v DDR2 SODIMM c 200 chn. BGA V TSOP: y l cch gn cc con chp b nh ln thanh bo mch. BGA (Ball Grip Array) l cng ngh dn chp ln bo mch, c gii thiu l u vit hn, tn nhit tt hn, nhit thp hn v c kh nng t tc cao hn, cng nh vi kch thc nh hn. Cn TSOP (Thin Small Outline Packages) l cng ngh c hn cc con chp ln bo mch ( t r n g ging nh nhng con b vi v s chn tua ta cc bn mp). SDRAM: SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) l b nh truy cp ngu nhin ng ng b). y l th h b nh ch yu ca Pentium III tr v trc. Gia nh chipset Pentium 4 u tin ca Intel l i845 cng h tr b nh ny, nhng phi l SDRAM 133MHz hay cn gi l PC133 y cng chnh l tc cao nht ca SDRAM c chnh thc h tr. RAMBUS: Chnh xc phi gi l RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory, b nh truy cp ngu nhin ng Rambus) hay DRDRAM (Ditrect RamBus). Nh tn gi ca mnh, Rambus l mt dng b nh khc hn cc loi RAM bnh thng. Ni cho chnh xc, y l mt h thng ph v b nh (memory subsystem). N bao gm b nh RAM, b iu khin RAM, v bus ni RAM vi CPU v cc thit b trong my tnh s dng Rambus. Tuy chy nhanh, khe, nhng qu mc (do hng Rambus thu tin bn quyn sng ch), nn Rambus cht yu. Tc cao nht c bn trn th trng l 800MHz (PC800). Intel ch a ra hai chipset my bn h tr Rambus l i820 v i850. V th, RDRAM PC1066 l tc cui cng ca Rambus, nhng ch c vi hng sn xut v ngm lun lm ... k nim. V tc qu nhanh nn nhit rt cao, Rambus phi c trang b thm mt ming nhm tn nhit. Rambus c hai loi RDRAM (16-bit, gm PC-600, PC- 800, PC-1066) c 184 chn v RIMM (32-bit, gm RIMM 3200, RIMM 4200) c 232 chn.

DDR SDRAM: Double Data Rate SDRAM hay DDRAM (b nh truy cp ngu nhin ng ng b tc d liu gp i) l th h b nh mi ang thnh hnh v l b nh chnh ca cc h thng Pentium 4.

DDR hay DDR SDRAM th h u c tc ti a l 400MHz/ PC-3200 (200MHz/PC-1600, 266MHz/PC-2100, 333MHz/PC2700) v thanh DDR c 184 chn.

DDR2 hay DDR SDRAM th h th hai hin c hai tc chnh 400MHz (DDR2-400/PC23200) v 533MHz (DDR2-533/PC2- 4300). Mt s hng cng a ra loi 667MHz (DDR2667/PC2- 5300). Thanh DDR2 c 240 chn.

DIMM, Module v CHIP, RAM, ROM, DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM

DIMM: Vit tt t thut ng ting Anh Dual-In-line Memory Modules (n v b nh trc tuyn i), DIMM thng dng trong tn gi ca nhng khe cm (slot) b nh trn bo mch ch. l hai thanh nha chy song song kp pha gia l hai hng tip im bng kim loi dng l xo tip xc vi chn cm thanh RAM. S tip im tng ng vi s chn trn thanh RAM.

Bn th tham kho cch ngi ta m t vic gn b nh nh sau: gn DDR Module vo DIMM Slot (gn thanh DDR vo khe cm DIMM). SODIMM (Small Outline DIMM, DIMM c vin ngoi nh) l dng DIMM ngn dng trong my tnh xch tay. MODULE V CHIP: Khi ni v b nh RAM, ngi ta phn bit r module (thanh nha, hay gi l bo mch, c gn cc con chip) v chip (ming silicon cha mch in t siu nh gn trn thanh nha). Nh vy, DDR Module l thanh b nh DDR hon chnh, cn DDR chip l con chip b nh DDR. Vic x l d liu nm cc con chip, cn cc bo mch (board) ch n thun l giao din kt ni v tip xc. RAM: Random Access Memory (b nh truy cp ngu nhin) l ni my tnh s dng lu

tr tm thi d liu cho cc chng trnh ang chy, hay cc file ang m gip CPU x l tt nht. RAM dng ch b nh chnh ca h thng. Thut ng RAM cn c hiu l Read-And-write Memory (b nh c th c v ghi). Ngha l bn c th ghi d liu vo RAM v c d liu t RAM. RAM phi c nui bng ngun in. Khi my tnh tt, cc d liu trong RAM cng tiu i nh ma. N tri ngc vi b nh ROM. ROM: ng nh tn cng cm ca mnh, Read Only Memory, ROM l dng b nh ch c th c d liu cha sn trong n. np d liu vo ROM, ngi ta cn phi dng thit b chuyn dng, gi nm na l np ROM. Nh vy m d liu cha trong ROM khng b mt i d cho my tnh ngng hot ng. y chnh l dng b nh dng cho BIOS ca bo mch ch. Cc my tnh lun c mt lng nh ROM lu gi cc lnh cho vic khi ng h thng. DRAM: DRAM (c l i-ram) vit tt t Dynamic Random Access Memory (b nh truy xut ngu nhin ng). y l dng RAM phi c phc hi (hay cn gi l lm ti, refresh) thng xuyn theo cc nh k. SRAM: Khc vi DRAM, SRAM (Static Random Access Memory, c l ts-ram, b nh truy cp ngu nhin tnh) l mt dng b nh nhanh hn v c tin cy cao hn DRAM ni chung. Thut ng tnh l ch vic b nh SRAM khng cn phi c lm ti (refresh) nh DRAM. V sao nhanh hn? Trong khi DRAM h tr thi gian truy cp khong 60 nanoseconds (ns), SRAM c th cho php truy cp vi thi gian thp ch 10ns. Thi gian chu k (cycle time) ca SRAM cng ngn hn rt nhiu so vi DRAM v n khng cn phi x hi (pause) gia cc ln truy cp. Ngt mt ni l chi ph sn xut SRAM t hn DRAM rt nhiu nn n ch c dng lm b nh m (cache). SDRAM: Vit tt t Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM l b nh truy cp ngu nhin ng ng b. y l mt dng DRAM c th chy vi cc tc xung nhp (clock speed) cao hn nhiu so vi b nh thng. Chng hn, SDRAM 133MHz c tc nhanh hn 3 ln FPM RAM c bn, hn 2 ln so vi EDO RAM v BEDO RAM. Gi l ng b v SDRAM tht s ng b chnh n vi bus ca CPU.

Mt s kinh nghim ci t phn cng

Phn cng (hardware) ni chung l nhng thit b c gn vo my v d nh card mn hnh, card m thanh, modem, my in, my scan, webcam... phn cng hot ng c chnh xc, bn cn phi ci t trnh iu khin thit b (driver) cho n. C nhng phn cng khng cn driver nh a cng (HDD), a mm (HDD), a CD, Ram... do BIOS ca

mainboard c th t nhn bit c.

gn thit b vo my tnh, ch cn trnh trung bnh l c th gn c. C nhng thit b c gn vo my tnh pha bn ngoi m khng cn m thng my, ty theo u cm ca thit b m ta chn cng cm thch hp, l COM, LPT hoc USB, khng s nhm v cc cng ny kch thc khc nhau. C nhng thit b phi m thng my mi gn c, nhng cng khng phc tp lm, ch cn chn khe thch hp vi card phn cng , v bn cng khng s cm ln v kch c cc khe ny cng khc nhau. Thng dng c 3 loi khe cm l ISA mu en, PCI mu trng v AGP mu nu (AGP ch dng cho card mn hnh, bn phi xem ti liu ca mainboard bit n h tr 2X hoc 4X, 8X). Khi gn thit b vo h thng my, bn phi tt my, tt ngun in v yu cu cm cht, cm st, bt vt li c nh n. Mun xem cc thit b phn cng no c ci t vo trong h thng th bm phm phi chut vo My Computer trn Desktop, chn lnh Properties m ca s System Properties, chn th Device Manager.

cc thit b phn cng hot ng chnh xc, bn cn ci t driver cho n bng mt trong cc cch sau: - Thng dng nht l a a driver ca phn cng vo CD, mn hnh ci t s t ng hin ln. - Vo Start\ Settings\ Control Panel\ Add New Hardware, theo cc bc hng dn ci t. - Trong hp thoi System Properties, chn th Device Manager, chn i tng phn cng khng thch hp (l cc i tng c du hiu mu hoc vng pha trc, hoc cc i tng b g b nhng vn cn st li driver a phn l modem hay card mn hnh), chn lnh Remove, ri bm lnh Refresh, s xut hin cc bc hng dn bn ci t.

Bn s thy ca s ci t sau:

iu chnh yu l bn phi chn ng nhn hiu, i ca thit b phn cng v chn ng driver cho bn Windows ang ci trn my bn. V d HP hay Epson? Nu l HP th HP no, Laser hay Deskjet? 5L, 6L, 1100 hay 1200...? Bn ang dng Windows no? Win 95, 98, NT, Me, 2000 hay XP? Nguyn tc chung nh trnh by trn, nhng i vi card mn hnh v my in th c cc bc ci t d dng hn. Vi card mn hnh, bn bm phm phi chut vo Desktop, chn lnh Properties. Ca s Display Properties xut hin, chn th Settings, bm chn Advanced..., chn th Adapter, bm Change, bn s thy cc ca s ci t quen thuc hin ra. Vi my in, bn vo Start\ Settings\ Printers, bm p chut vo Add Printer, bm chn Have Disk, chn a cha Driver ca my in . KHC PHC S C CA MN HNH V CARD MN HNH V VN THNH Khi bt my ln mn hnh khng chu lm vic (mn hnh trng vi mt mu en thui, khng c con tr) hoc c hot ng nhng mu sc b sai lch, c nhiu th bn cn phi kim tra nh: - Kim tra xem u cm ngun c b lng lo khng (c u cm vi ngun in nh hay vi b ngun ca my tnh v u cm vo mn hnh). - Kim tra xem in nh c tt khng (cm n vo xem c sng ln khng).

- Kim tra u cm cp d liu ca mn hnh xem c chn no b cong hay b y tht vo bn trong khng. C th c mt s chn b b trng, iu cng bnh thng ch khng phi u cp b h. Mn hnh khng s dng ht tt c cc chn trong mt u cm DB15. Nu c chn no b cong, bn c th s dng mt cy nhp nh un thng li. Phi tht thn trng, chng rt d b gy. - Kim tra cp mn hnh m bo n c gn cht v m bo n c sit c cht. Lc lc c hai u mt ca si cp kim tra xem cp c b gy ngm bn trong khng. - Bn cng c th dng tay v ln mn hnh (nhng ng mnh tay qu) xem c b phn no bn trong b lng hay b h mch khng. Nn thn trng v nu bn v mnh c th lm tiu bng n hnh ! - Mt vn thng gp i vi mn hnh l s c ca chc nng tit kim nng lng m n thng c iu khin bng mt r le (bn c th nghe c ting ng m khi n hay mch in t h tr ca n b h). Hu ht cc mn hnh tit kim nng lng u c mt n LED, n s chuyn sang mu xanh khi chng nhn c tn hiu t my tnh v mu cam hay mt mu khc khi chng khng nhn c tn hiu t my tnh. Mt s s hin th dng ch No Signal (khng c tn hiu) hay ci g tng t khi chng c bt ln nhng li khng pht hin c tn hiu t my tnh. Thng thng, bn c th lm cho mn hnh kt ni li tn hiu vi my tnh bng cch bt tt cng tc ngun ca mn hnh (nm pha trc mn hnh) lp i lp li vi ln hay nhn v gi n mt lt ri th ra v nhn li. - Vn cng c th l do my tnh. Th vi mt mn hnh khc xc nh liu vn l do my tnh hay do chnh mn hnh. Hoc th mn hnh ca bn vi mt my tnh khc. - Bn cng nn th tho v my ra v cm li card mn hnh. Nu bn c mt card mn hnh AGP, bn hy di bt k card m rng no khc (card m thanh, card mng, card modem...) trong khe cm PCI bn cnh khe cm AGP sang mt khe cm PCI khc. Khe cm thng dng chung mt ng ngt (interrupt) vi khe cm AGP. - Th mt card mn hnh khc. - Thng thng nu card mn hnh hay mn hnh b h th bn s nghe cc m hiu bo li bng cc ting bp. Nu mn hnh khng c tn hiu t my tnh v bn cng khng nghe c ting bp, bn nn kim tra v cm li cc thanh RAM. - Th khi ng my vi cu hnh ti thiu: bo mch ch (c ni vi

loa my c th nghe c ting bp nu c li card mn hnh hay mn hnh), CPU, b nh RAM v card mn hnh. - Tham kho cc Website ca hng sn xut card mn hnh, bo mch ch, v mn hnh bit cc vn c lin quan v cch gii quyt. - Cui cng, nu c ti mc ny m khng gii quyt c vn , bn nn nh n cc chuyn vin c tay ngh kim tra v sa cha gim bn. To thm mt phn vng mi trn a hin c m khng lm mt d liu Trong bi vit ny, ti gii thiu vi cc bn cch to phn vng mi trn a m khng nh hng g ti d liu hin c ca bn bng Paragon Partition Manager 5.5 nm trn a Hiren Boot CD 5.0 ( an ton, bn nn sao lu d liu trc khi thc hnh). Nguyn l lm vic: Gim bt size (dung lng) ca phn vng c chn v ly phn tha ra to mt phn vng mi. Bc 1: Cho a Hiren Boot vo v khi ng bng a CD-ROM ny. menu chnh, chn Disk Partition Tools -> Paragon Partition Manager ri i mt lc cho chng trnh np vo b nh. - Chn a vt l bn mun chia trong khung Hard Disk (c nh s th t t 0), y ti chn DISK 0 c dung lng 9.766MB.

- Chn phn vng trong bng bn di. Chng trnh s lit k tt c cc phn vng c trn cng bn chn vi cc thng tin: tn, nh dng, kch thc, dung lng cn trng, dung lng s dng, ch n hin v nhn a. Ti chn D. Bc 2: Nhp nt Ressize, trong bng Ressize Partition chn kch thc ca a cn to thm bng cch ko thanh trt v pha tri. Phn pha bn phi chnh l phn tha ra chun b to mt phn vng mi.

Lu : bn ch gim kch thc phn vng xung ngang bng vi dung lng d liu ang c. Sau khi chn xong, nhn OK v i chng trnh hon tt cng vic. Bc 3: Chn phn tha ra bc 2. Nhn nt Create to phn vng mi, nhn Format nh dng phn vng. in y cc thng tin m chng trnh yu cu sau OK. Partition Magic 8.0 - Phn vng a cng m khng lm mt d liu

Partition Magic (PM) l mt chng trnh chuyn dng phn chia a ni ting (trc y l ca cng ty PowerQuest nhng sp nhp vo cng ty Symantec ngy 8-122003), rt c gii k thut vin my tnh v cc vc s a chung v tng thch vi Windows XP Home/XP Pro/2000 Pro/NT WS/Me/98/ 95 v c kh nng phn chia li a m khng lm mt d liu ang c . PM c cc tnh nng chnh nh sau: - Sao chp (copy), di chuyn (move), thay i kch thc (resize), chia tch (split) hay sp nhp (merge) phn vng (partition) m khng lm mt d liu. - Hng dn ngi dng tng bc thao tc trong qu trnh thc hin. - Lm vic c vi c phn vng ca Windows v Linux chuyn giao d liu. - Cho php to v iu chnh phn vng trn 300GB.

- H tr cng ri kt ni qua USB 2.0/ 1.1 v FireWire (IEEE1394). - H tr nh dng FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2 v Ext3. - Chuyn i nh dng FAT, FAT32 v NTFS (khng mt d liu). - Thay i kch thc phn vng NTFS m khng cn khi ng my li (i hi phi c 256MB RAM nu phn vng trn 120GB). Bn c th tm mua PM (phin bn mi nht hin nay l 8.05) trn a CDROM cc ca hng dch v tin hc. Sau khi ci vo Windows, bn s c hai chng trnh: mt chy trong DOS (chng trnh chnh) v mt chy trong Windows. Nu bn mun dng PM phn chia a trong mi trng DOS (khi mua a mi, khi iu chnh kch thc phn vng khi ng...), bn ch cn chp cc file cn thit chy trong DOS g m: Mouse.com, Pqdata.002, PQMagic.exe, PQMagic.ovl, PQMagic.pqg, PQPB.rtc, Pmhelp.dat (dung lng tng cng khong 1MB) t cc my ci PM, ri ghi chng ln a mm hay a CD khi ng. Sau khi khi ng my mi trng DOS, bn kch hot file PQMagic.exe. Chng trnh PM s chy v t ng np file Mouse.com bn c th thao tc bng chut trong chng trnh. Trong cu hnh khi ng DOS, nu bn ci t trnh iu khin b nh EMM386 th PM s khng th s dng c b nh RAM trn 32MB. Do , bn nn loi b dng lnh DEVICE=A:\EMM386.EXE NOEMS trong file Config.sys PM s dng trnh iu khin b nh ring ca mnh. Ca s chnh ca PM c nm thnh phn: Thanh menu lnh: Gip bn truy cp tt c chc nng ca PM. Thanh cng c : Chn la a cng v truy cp nhanh n cc chc nng thng d ng. Bn a: Hin th cc phn vng theo dng biu . Bng lit k phn vng: Lit k chi tit tnh trng cc phn vng (nh dng, kch thc, dung lng s d ng/cha s dng...). Bn c th bm phm phi chut vo phn vng trn thanh bn a (hay trong bng lit k) truy cp nhanh cc lnh trong menu ng cnh, thay v dng thanh menu lnh.

 Thanh tnh trng: Hin th ngha cc nt cng c v s lng cc thao tc s thc hin.

1. CHN A Nu my c nhiu a vt l (HDD), bn c th bm nt ri chn a cn x l trong khung lit k a ca thanh cng c hay m menu Disks chn. Sau khi chn, PM s lit k tnh trng phn vng hin hnh ca a trong phn bn a v bng lit k phn vng. 2. TO (CREATE) PHN VNG PRIMARY - Nu cng mi cha phn vng, bn bm phm phi chut vo thanh bn a (hay vo partition Unallocated trong bng lit k) ri chn lnh Create. Trong hp thoi Create Partition c cc ty chn sau: + Create as: Chn phn vng ny l Primary Partition (Pri - khi ng c). + Partition Type: Chn nh dng cho phn vng. + Label: t tn cho phn vng. + Size: Dung lng dnh cho phn vng. Gi nguyn mc nh (ton b dung lng hin c ) nu ch chia mt phn vung hay nhp dung lng ch nh nu mun chia nhiu phn vng. + Position: xc nh v tr khi to phn vng l u a (Beginning of unallocated) hay cui a (End of unallocated space).

Sau khi thit t xong, bm nt OK PM a tin trnh ny vo danh sch ch thc hin (pending) v cp nht tnh trng a vo ca s chnh. PM s t ng gn k tc cho phn vng ny nu y l cng th nht hay D nu l cng th hai. Bm nt Apply tin hnh to phn vng. Khi bn cn to cng lc nhiu tin trnh trong mi phin lm vic vi PM (th d: to phn vng Pri > to phn vng Logic > thay i kch thc phn vng > xa phn vng...), bn c th bm nt Apply (trong ca s chnh ca PM) sau tng tin trnh mt tin hnh thc hin ngay lp tc hay a tt c tin trnh vo danh sch ch ri sau bm nt Apply thc hin ton b (theo ng th t khi to). Bn c th hy b tin trnh ang to bng cch bm nt Cancel trong hp thoi ca tin trnh , hay hy b tt c tin trnh ( lm li t u) bng cch m menu General ri chn lnh Discard All Changes. Bn tip tc bm phm phi chut vo vng a cn trng to tip phn vng Pri khc theo cch trn. Bn c th to ti a 4 phn vng Pri (hay 3 phn vng Pri + 1 phn vng Ext) trn a cng v chn mt phn vng khi ng (Set Active), ch phn vng ny hin hu (Unhide s dng c) cn cc phn vng khc s t ng chuyn sang ch n (Hide khng s dng c). thay i phn vng khi ng, bm phm phi chut vo phn vng ri chn lnh Advanced/ Set Active. 3. TO (CREATE) PHN VNG LOGICAL Bm phm phi chut vo vng a cn trng trong thanh bn a (hay vo partition Unallocated trong bng lit k) > chn Create. Trong hp thoi Create Partition chn phn vng ny l Logical (nm trong phn vng m rng - Extanded - khng khi ng c), mc Size gi nguyn mc nh hay nhp dung lng ch nh cho phn vng ri lm tng t nh trn to tip cc phn vng logic khc. Bn c th to khng hn ch s lng phn vng Logical trong phn vng Ext. Bn c th cho hin (Unhide) hay n (Hide) bt c phn vng no bng cch bm phm phi chut vo phn vng ri chn lnh Advanced/ Hide (hay Unhide). Phn vng n s mt tch, khng s dng c cho n khi no bn cho hin tr li. Nu cng khi ng vi Windows NT/ 2000/XP, ban co th cho hin cac phn vng Pri khc cng lc vi phn vng Active v s dng chng ging nh cc phn vng Logical.

Sau khi thay i s lng phn vng, bn nn khi ng my li h iu hnh cp nht tnh trng mi ca a cng. 3. NH DNG (FORMAT) Sau khi to phn vng hay khi cn xa nhanh ton b d liu trong phn vng, bn bm phm phi chut vo phn vng ri chn lnh Format trong menu ng cnh. Chn kiu nh dng mc Partition Type, t tn a mc Label, g OK vo mc Type OK xc nhn. Bm OK khi hon tt. Ch : Lnh Format s xa tt c d liu trong phn vng v bn cng c th dng lnh ny chuyn i nhanh nh dng cho phn vng khi khng cn gi li d liu c . 4. XA (DELETE) PHN VNG Bm phm phi chut vo phn vng cn xa > chn Delete. Tt c d liu hin c trong phn vng s b xa hon ton.

Ch : Phi xa tt c phn vng logic trc khi xa phn vng Extanded. 5. THAY I KCH THC (RESIZE) V DI CHUYN (MOVE) PHN VNG Vi PM, bn c th thay i kch thc hay di chuyn phn vng ang cha d liu m khng h lm st m d liu ang c trong . Tuy vy, an ton bn vn nn sao lu d liu trc khi lm iu ny trnh nhng trc trc bt ng (cp in, va chm...). Bm phm phi chut vo phn vng cn iu chnh kch thc hay di chuyn ri chn lnh Resize/ Move m hp thoi Resize/ Move Partition. - Di chuyn chut n hai u biu tng phn vng, khi con tr chut c hnh mi tn 2 u th gi phm tri chut ri ko qua tri (hay phi) thay i kch thc. Bn c th thu nh phn vng hin hnh c c vng khng gian trng trc hay sau n ri to phn vng mi t ch trng ny. Bn c th m rng phn vng nu c vng a trng lin k vi n, nu khng, bn phi thu nh hay xa phn vng k cn to ra vng trng.

- di chuyn phn vng, bn a chut vo gia biu tng phn vng (con tr chut c hnh mi tn 4 u ) ri gi phm tri chut v ko biu tng qua tri hay phi tu . Vic di chuyn v tr phn vng trn a v mt vt l l cn thit khi bn mun thay i th t gn tn a trong h iu hnh hay khi cn di chuyn vng trng n k bn phn vng cn m rng. 6. PHC HI PHN VNG B XA (UNDELETE) PM c kh nng phc hi cc phn vng ngay sau khi chng b xa v tai nn bt ng rt hiu qu . Bn bm phm phi chut vo vng trng tng cha cc phn vng > chn lnh Undelete, PM s qut v lit k cc phn vng tm thy > nh du chn phn vng cn phc hi > OK.

Ch : Bn khng th phc hi phn vng trong cc trng hp sau: a c 4 phn vng Pri. C li file h thng trn phn vng b xa. Khng gian ca phn vng b xa b phn vng khc chi m. 7. SAO CHP (COPY) PHN VNG PM c th to mt phn vng mi ging ht phn vng hin hnh (kch thc, nh dng h thng, d liu) nn gip bn d dng to bn sao lu d phng khi cn ci li h iu hnh, nng cp hay th nghim phn mm... hay chuyn d liu khi thay a mi. thc hin iu ny, bn bm phm phi chut ln phn vng gc > chn Copy > chn a cha phn vng mi trong mc Disk > chn vng khng gian trng trong khung lit k > OK. Ch : Khi sao chp, i hi trn cng phi c khng gian cn trng bng hay ln hn dung lng ca phn vng gc.

8. SP NHP (MERGE) PHN VNG PM c th sp nhp 2 phn vng FAT (hay 2 phn vng NTFS c cng phin bn v kch thc cluster) thnh mt phn vng mi vi y d liu c trong 2 phn vng ny. Bm phm phi chut vo 1 trong 2 phn vng cn sp nhp (phn vng ch) > chn Merge. Trong hp thoi Merge Adjacent Partitions ban co cac chn la nh di y (xem hnh minh ha). - Merge options: Ch nh phn vng ch (E hay G) sp nhp vi phn vng ngun (F), ng thi chn phng thc chuyn d liu trn phn vng ch (s b xa sau khi sp nhp) thnh mt th mc trong phn vng ngun (E: becomesa folder of F:) hay chuyn d liu trn phn vng ngun (s b xa) thnh mt th mc trong phn vng ch (F: becomesa folder of E:). - Merge Folder: t tn cho th mc cha d liu ca phn vng s b xa. Ch : Bn nn chy Scandisk bo m khng c li file trn cc phn vng trc khi sp nhp chng v nn nh l khng th sp nhp phn vng khi ng vi bt c phn vng no khc.

9. KIM TRA LI PM c chc nng kim tra v nh du loi b cc sector h hng mi khi lm vic vi phn vng a, theo mc nh PM s khng cho hiu lc tnh nng ny khng lm suy gim tc thc hin cc tc v (Resize/Move, Create, Copy, Format), nhng iu ny c th lm bn au kh khi d liu quan trng c ghi vo cc sector hng (d liu s b mt, khng phc hi c). Khi cn cho hiu lc tnh nng ny bn chn lnh Preferances trong menu General > b du chn trc a cn kim tra trong khung Skip bad sector checks > OK. Ngoi ra, bn cng c th bm phm phi chut vo phn vng ri chn lnh Check for errors kim tra v sa li (nu pht hin).

10. CHUYN I (CONVERT) - Vi phin bn chy trong mi trng DOS, PM c th chuyn i nh dng phn vng: FAT -> FAT32, FAT32 -> FAT, NTFS -> FAT, NTFS -> FAT32. Vi phin bn chy trong Windows, PM c thm chc nng chuyn i t FAT/ FAT32 -> NTFS. chuyn i, bn ch cn bm phm phi chut vo phn vng -> chn Convert/ [nh dng] cn chuyn sang > OK. Ch : Khi chuyn i t FAT32 -> FAT, d liu trong phn vng phi di 2GB (kch thc ti a ca phn vng FAT). Khi chuyn t NTFS sang FAT/ FAT32, cc thng tin v h thng file ring bit ca NTFS s b mt v bn phi tr cc file c bit (nn, m ha...) tr v tnh trng bnh thng trc khi chuyn i. - PM c th chuyn i phn vng Pri thnh Logical hay ngc li. Bm phm phi chut vo phn vng > chn lnh Convert/ Primary to Logical hay Logical to Primary > OK. Ch : Khng c c phn vng no khc nm ngn tr gia 2 phn vng Pri v Logical khi chuyn i. i vi phin bn chy trong Windows, PM c thm chc nng chia 1 phn vng FAT hay FAT32 c kch thc ln hn 100MB thnh 2 phn vng ring bit. Khi chia, bn c th chn file hay th mc trn phn vng c di chuyn sang phn vng mi, ch nh kch thc v v tr ca phn vng mi l Pri hay Ext. CHIA TCH (SPLIT) PHN VNG Trong ca s PM (chy trong Windows), bm phm phi chut vo phn vng cn chia > chn Split. Trong hp thoi Split Partition, chn bng Data > chn th mc v file cn di chuyn trong khung Directory Structure ca phn vng gc (Original partition) > bm nt c hnh mi tn di chuyn cc chn la qua phn vng mi (New partition). Trong bng Size, bn a chut n thanh gt cnh phi biu tng phn vng (con tr chut bin thnh mi tn hai u) ri gi phm tri chut v ko thanh gt qua tri (hay phi) n nh dung lng cho phn vng mi. Sau khi xc lp xong bm OK.

SYMANTEC NORTON GHOST 9.0 TIN CH SAO LU A CNG A NNG TRN ANH V
Symantec Norton Ghost 9.0 c th c xem nh phin bn mi nht ca Drive Image c mang cht sc mu Ghost. T giao din cho n cch lm vic, Ghost 9.0 tht s lm bn bt ng vi nhng g m n lm c, cho bn c c s an ton tt nht trong sao lu d liu, nhng i li nhng thi quen lm vic trn Ghost ca bn cng s phi thay i.

1. Chng trnh Ghost chy trn DOS u? Trc tin cng cn phi nhc l bn khng th to c a mm hay CD khi ng DOS c cha chng trnh Ghost, m phi s dng a cha b ci t Ghost, gi l Symantec Recovery Disk. Dng a ny bn s lm vic trong mi trng Windows PE, mt trong nhng h iu hnh giao din ha ging Microsoft Windows nhng nh gn hn. Do , nu bn bit cch lm a CD Windows PE ( hng dn trong eCHP s 83) th mi c th t to c a khi ng c Ghost 9.0. Trong Symantec Recovery Disk, c cc phn mm bo tr h thng nh: Norton Ghost 2003, Norton Ghost 8 (32bit), Norton Disk Doctor, Norton GoBack, Norton AntiVirus v Norton Ghost 9.0 c ci t sn. Giao din cc chng trnh ci t trong Windows v trong Windows PE (ca a CD) hon ton ging nhau. 2. Mi trng lm vic: Symantec Norton Ghost 9.0 ch ci t c trn Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Home/Professional (i hi phi c Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 ci t trn h thng) v khng th chy c trn h Windows Server. B li, Symantec cung cp thm b Norton Ghost 2003 trong a ci t h tr ngi dng Windows 9x/ME, Windows NT 4. Thm na, phin bn Ghost 9.0 khng h h tr nhng tp tin

sao lu ca cc phin bn trc mc d trong ti liu c nu r rng h tr tt c phin bn trc ca Ghost v Drive Image. V th nu mun phc hi d liu t cc phin bn c bn phi dng chng trnh Norton Ghost 8 trn a CD.

3. Sao lu d liu: Sau khi ci t, chng trnh s chy thng tr trong h thng v xut hin biu tng trong khay h thng. chy chng trnh bn c th nhp kp chut vo biu tng y hoc nhp phi chut ri chn Run Norton Ghost trong menu.

Trong ca s chnh, nhp chut vo lin kt Back Up Drives ti khung Pick a backup task bn phi (hoc chn trong menu Tools) gi chy tin trnh sao lu d liu.

Tip n, nhn Next trong ca s cho mng u tin ri chn mt a mun sao lu trong danh sch Select a drive, or press <Ctrl> and select multiple drives (kt hp thm phm Shift hoc Ctrl nu mun chn nhiu a). Nhn Next.

Ti ca s Back Location, bn chn th mc s cha tp tin sao lu trong Folder to store backup images, im c bit ca phin bn Ghost 9.0 ny l bn c th chn v tr cha ngay trn a ang sao lu (thm ch bn vn lm vic bnh thng trn a ang sao lu). Khung bn di hin th tn tp tin sao lu do chng trnh ngh, bn c th nhn nt Rename i tn khc. Trong trng hp mun t bn sao lu vo my tnh khc trn mng, hy chn ty chn Network file bn di Back up to (phi dng a ch mng), hoc chn CDRW/DVD-RW nu mun a trc tip tp tin sao lu vo a CD ReWrite (bn hy c ti liu i km bit nhng a CD-RW/DVD-RW no c chng trnh h tr). Sau nhn Next.

Trong danh sch Compression, nu bn chn cp nn l High (nn mnh nht) tc sao lu s chm, nu chn None (khng nn) tc s nhanh hn. C th nh du chn Verify backup image after creation chng trnh kim tra li tp tin sao lu c to ra c tt khng, nu c li th chng trnh s thc hin li.

Trng hp tp tin sao lu c to ra qu ln (khng cha va trn mt a CD), hy nh du chn mc Divide the backup image into smaller files to simplify archiving, ri ch nh dung lng cho mi tp tin mun chng trnh t ng chia ra vo File size (tnh bng MB).

Nu s tp tin sao lu b ngi khc s dng tri php th hy nhp nt Advanced cu hnh mt vi thng s nng cao nh mt khu, li sector... t mt khu bo v, nh du Use password ri nhp hai ln mt khu ging nhau vo Password v Confirm password. Nu trn a cng c kh nhiu li v bn s nhng li ny s c chp vo chung vi tp tin sao lu (khi em sang cng khc), tt nht nn nh du Ignore bad sectors during copy. Chn xong nhn OK v Next hai ln bt u tin trnh sao lu d liu. Thm mt im ni bt na ca phin bn Ghost 9.0 l bn khng cn phi khi ng li my vo mi trng DOS trc khi bt u sao lu v y cng chnh l u im ca Drive Image ch khng phi Ghost. 4. Phc hi d liu: Ti giao din chnh ca chng trnh, bn nhp Restore a Drive v nhn Next trong ca s cho mng. Nhp ng dn n tp tin sao lu mun phc hi hoc nhn nt Browse nu khng nh r v tr (mc d chng trnh c h tr phn m rng .gho nhng khng cho phc hi m yu cu phi s dng Norton Ghost 2003). Nhn Next.

Nu khi sao lu bn c dng mt khu bo v, lc ny chng trnh s yu cu bn nhp mt khu vo. Bn phi nhp ng mi tip tc c.

Chn a v phn vng bn mun phc hi trong ca s tip theo ri nhn Next. K chn mt vi thit t trc khi phc hi nh: - Verify image file before restore: kim tra tp tin sao lu trc khi phc hi. - Check for file system errors: kim tra li h thng tp tin. - Set drive active (for booting OS): t ch khi ng cho a. Chn xong nhn Next hai ln tin hnh phc hi.

5. Phc hi nhng tp tin v th mc ch nh: Mun th, trc tin bn phi chy Symantec Backup Image Browser bng cch nhp Restore Files or Folders ti giao din chnh ca chng trnh hoc t menu Start > All Programs -> Norton Ghost.

Tuy giao din chng trnh kh ging Ghost Explorer ca cc phin bn Ghost trc song bn li khng th m tp tin .gho trong y, nu bn vn c gng m th mt ca

s Ghost Explorer hin ra ch khng phi Symantec Backup Image Browser. Symantec Backup Image Browser c kh nng nh x tp tin sao lu thnh mt a trn h thng bng cch chn gc ca cy th mc (tc l tn ca tp tin sao lu) trong khung bn tri ri nhn nt Mount a v2i drive. Bn chn tn a nh x trong danh sch Drive letter, nhn OK l xong.

By gi, mun phc hi th mc hoc tp tin no trong tp tin sao lu, bn ch vic nh du chn chng trong vng bn phi tip vo menu File nhp mc Restore ri nhn nt Restore.

S MNG TH NHT: GN CPU u tin, trc khi ly bt c linh kin no ra khi bao b ca n, c bit loi ng trong ti nha chng nhim t, bn phi chc chn l mnh c kh tnh in (electrostatically discharged). Bnc th lm iu ny bng cch eo vo c tay mt vng kh tnh in (electrostaticwrist strap hay Antistatic Wrist Strap) c bn ti nhng ca hng linh kin my tnh, gi khng mc u. Nu khng c sn mn ngh ny, bn c th n gin lm cho mnh c tip t bng cch chm tay vo phn kim loi ca b ngun ang c cm cp in chnh vo cm in nh (nhng khng cn phi bt cng tc in b ngun u nghen). Trong trng hp ny, h mi ln trc khi s m ng chm g ti mt mn linh kin no, bn nn s chm mt mt ln cho chc n l mnh kh tnh in. Nhng ngi cn thn thng mang bao tay nha khi gn cc linh kin my tnh.

Cng nn nhc li: bn khng c cc linh kin xung sn nh, xung t, d lm nh hng ti cc b phn nhy cm ca chng. Tt nht, nn linh kin ln bn v t trn ti nha chng nhim t ca chnh n. By gi th bn c th yn tm ly con CPU ra khi hp nha. Hy cm cn thn v ch cm cnh CPU, khng c tay chm ln mnh n, nht l cc tip im, chn cng ca n. Ngay c vi ci ming nhm mt trn CPU, bn cng ch ty my chm tay vo. Du tay bn s in trn v m hi trn ngn tay c th gy nhiu rc ri khn lng cho CPU sau ny. Trc tin, hy quan st xem CPU c b khuyt tt, try tra, c g bt thng khng. h, ng c hong khi khng h nhn thy mt ci chn no trn CPU LGA775. Th h CPU ny c Intel n b sch snh sanh l chn tua ta nh ru cm n ng vn l cch tip xc truyn thng ca cc dng h CPU xa nay. Thay v chn cm (pin), CPU LGA775 dng cc tip im (point). l nhng chm trn nh li ti bng kim loi mu vng. K , ly mainboard ra khi bao b ca n. Cn thn, khng chm tay vo cc mch in hay cc con chp trn . y l Socket LGA775 trn mainboard. Khc vi cc th h Socket trc vi cc l cm chi cht, Socket LGA775 c cc chn nh li ti nm rm rt (775 chn ch t sao) m mi chn tng ng vi mt im tip xc trn CPU. Chnh do kin trc mi ny m Socket cn c bo v bng mt np nha. Bn khng c chm tay ln cc chn qu nh ny. M hi tay s gy nguy him cho chng. V cng v vy, Intel khuyn co nn gn CPU vo mainboard trc khi t mainboard vo case. Khng phi ch c th gn chnh xc CPU v loi qut CPU kiu mi, m iu ny cn gip trnh nhng mt kim loi, ba-d c trn nhng case, nht l case mi mua, ri xung Socket gy chm in.Tip theo, bn cm hai mp CPU v t nh vo Socket. Gc vc (c nh du tam gic) ca CPU lun nm ngay di chn ca cn cht gi. c ci l nh sn xut cn thn thit k c bit bo m vic gn CPU d dng v chnh xc. Trn hai mp CPU c hai ch lm vo. Cn trn Socket c hai g nh v v tr tng ng. Bn ch vic cho cc v tr nh v ny ca CPU v Socket khp nhau l chnh xc. C th ni l, cho d c c , bn cng khng th gn nhm.t ngn tay ln mp trn ca np kim loi, gi cht trong khi ko cn cht gi vo ngm v tr nguyn thy ca n kha CPU li. Hi cng nh. S MNG TH HAI: GN QUT CPU