CHNG 11: THP V HP KIM DNG C

11.1. THP V HP KIM LM DAO CT

11.2. THP LM KHUN DP
11.3. THP LM DNG C O

CHNG 11: THP V HP KIM DNG C

Thp dng c l loi thp c ch to cng c gia
cng kim loi: dao ct, khun dp nng v ngui, dng c
o, tuy c dng vi khi lng t song li quyt nh cht
lng v s lng sn phm.
11.1. THP V HP KIM LM DAO CT
11.1.1. Yu cu i vi vt liu lm dao ct

* iu kin lm vic ca dao:

- Li ct chu p lc ln to ra
cng c hc ph hu;
- Dao b mi st;
- Dao b nung nng.
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11.1.1. Yu cu i vi vt liu lm dao ct

* Yu cu v c tnh ca dao:
- cng cao, b> 65HRC;
- Tnh chng mi mn cao:
- Tnh cng nng cao;
- do, daicao chng un, trnh m, gy li ct.

* Yu cu v tnh cng ngh :

- Tnh ti cng v tnh thm ti tt m bo cng cao;
- C kh nng chu gia cng p lc trng thi nng;
- C kh nng kh nng chu gia cng ct trng thi ;
- C tnh mi cao sau khi ti.
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11.1. THP V HP KIM LM DAO CT

11.1.2. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut thp
L cc loi thp lm dao ch ct gt c vi tc
5 10m/pht.
a, Thp Cacbon
- Gm: CD70, CD80,CD130 (Y7, Y8,Y13)
0,7 1,3%C; 0,15 0,35%Si; 0,15 0,6%Mn;

- c im:
+ CD70, CD80 (Y7, Y8) ti hon ton 800 8200C;
+ Mi trng ti l nc qua du;
+ Thng dng CD100 CD120 lm dao do tnh chng
mi mn tt hn CD70, CD80;
+ D gia cng p lc, gia cng ct.
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11.1.2. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut thp

- Nhc im:
+ ti thp (ti thu 10 mm);
+ Phi dng mi trng ti mnh l nc nn lm tng
bin dng, nt khng thch hp vi cc dao nh hnh
phc tp;
+ Tnh cng nng thp do M c tnh chng ram km.
Cng dng
- Lm cc dao ct nh c nng sut thp, hoc bng tay
vi hnh dng n gin nh da, khoan, ca, ta r, hn ren,
dao tin,....
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11.1.2. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut thp

a, Thp hp kim
- Gm: 130Cr0,5; 100Cr; 90CrSi; 140CrW5 (X05, X, 9XC, XB);

* Nhm c thm ti tt
- Gm: 100Cr, 0L100Cr1,5; 90CrSi (X, X15, 9XC).
+ Mi trng ti l nc qua du;
+ C th lm cc dao ct nh, hnh dng phc tp hn, ct
gt vi tc 10 14 m/pht;
+ Sau ram thp cng t ti 62 64HRC.
- Nhc im:
+ D thot cacbon khi nung ti;
+ cng trng thi cung cp v cao hi cao (320HB);
+ Tnh mi km so vi thp Crom.
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11.1.2. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut thp

* Nhm c tnh chng mi mn cao

- Gm: 130Cr0,5; 140CrW5 (X05, XB5).
- c im:
+ T chc l c t l cacbit rt ln (20 30%) cng cao
v tnh chng mi mn rt cao;
+ 130Cr0,5 (X05) vi ch nhit luyn ti 780 8100C
trong nc, ram 100 1200C t cng 65 66HRC;
+ 140CrW5 (XB5) vi ch nhit luyn ti 800 8200C
trong nc, ram 100 1400C cng t 67 68HRC.
- Nhc im:
+ Tnh cng nng thp.
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11.1. THP V HP KIM LM DAO CT

11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

- L loi thp lm dao ct quan trng nht, tt nht, tho
mn tt nht cc yu cu i vi vt liu lm dao:
+ Tc ct 25 35 m/pht;
+ Tnh chng mi mn, tui bn cao (gp 8 10 ln loi
trn);
+ thm ti cao (ti thu vi tit din bt k);
+ C th ct gt c 560 6000C.

11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

a, Thnh phn ho hc v tc dng ca cc nguyn t
- Thp gi l tn gi Vit Nam ca loi thp dng c t ti
c nng sut ct gt cao, vi nguyn t hp kim ch yu l
Vonfram v Crom, ngoi ra c th cn c thm Vanadi, Coban
v Mlipden.

Nhm c nng sut thng

80W18Cr4V (P18)
90W9Cr4V2 (P9)
85W12Cr4V (P12)
85W6M05Cr4V2 (P6M5)
140W9Cr4V5 (P9 5)

Nhm c nng sut cao.

90W18Cr4V2 (P18 2)
85W18Co5Cr4V2 (P18K5 2)
95W9Co10Cr4V2 (P9K5)
150W10Co5Cr4V5 (P10K5 5)
125W14Cr4V4 (P14 4)
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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

- Cacbon: 0,7 1,5% kt hp vi cc nguyn t W, V to
thnh cacbit mnh to kh nng chng mi mn cao;
- Crom: 4% (3,8 4,4%) tng mnh thm ti. Nh c
(Cr + W) cao nn thp gi c kh nng t ti v ti thu vi
tit din bt k v c th dng ti phn cp;
- Vonfram: L nguyn t hp kim quan trng nht, vi hm
lng 9 18% to tnh cng nng cao, ct gt vi tc cao;
- Vanadi: l nguyn t to thnh cacbit mnh (VC) tng tnh
chng mi mn v gi cho ht nh khi ti;
- Coban: ho tan hon ton vo st dng dung dch rn.
Vi lng 5 10%Co tng tnh cng nng ca thp gi;
- Molipden: c dng nhiu thay th W kinh t hn.
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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

b, T chc cc trng thi

* Trng thi c
- Thp cha nhiu Cacbit (15 25%) dng cng tinh
Ledeburit hnh xng c nn rt gin lm nh v phn b
u chng ra bng cch rn;

* Trng thi rn +
- Bin dng cng nhiu, cacbit cng nh mn cacbit cng
nh mn v phn b u
- ng nhit gim cng:
T0u = 8000C, gi nhit 7400C
Austenit Peclit (Xoobt + Cacbit) nh mn
phn b u.

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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

c, Nhit luyn thp gi

* Ti
- Ti l nguyn cng quyt ng tnh cng nng ca thp gi
vi c im l nhit ti rt cao (~ 13000C).
- V d:
+ 80W18Cr4V (P18), 90W18Cr4V2 (P18 2):
1280 12900C;
+ 90W9Cr4V2 (P9), 140W9Cr4V5 (P9 05): 1230
12400C;
Ti sao phi ti nhit cao?

+ 85W6M05Cr4V2 (P6M5): 1220 12300C.

- T chc: Mactenxit + Austenit d (30%) + cacbit d (15%).
Vi cng 62 65HRC
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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

+ Cc phng php ti
- Ti phn cp trong mui nng chy 400 6000C
(3 5pht) ngui ngoi khng kh cho cng cao, bin
dng nh. p dng cho mi khoan, dao phay, dao nh hnh;
- Ti trong du nng > 600C cng cao (bin dng ln).
p dng cho cc dao ct c dng n gin;
- Ti trong khng kh (t ti) cng cao, xy ho b
mt, tit cacbit khi Austenit, gim tnh cng nng t dng;
- Ti ng nhit ra Bainit di (240 2800C) bin dng
nh nht, cng 60HRC v nng sut thp;
- Gia cng lnh kh Austenit d sau khi ti, p dng khi
cn n nh kch thc.
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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

* Ram
- Ram thp gi l nhm kh ng sut d, kh Austenit d
tng cng v tnh cng nng. Khi ram cng ca thp
gi tng thm 2 3HRC v c gi l cng th hai.
- Ram thp gi 2 4 ln mi ln 550 5700C trong 1 gi.
- T0r 5500C cacbit Vonfram, Fe3W3C mi bt u tit ra
khi dung dch rn, lm Austenit d ngho nguyn t hp kim,
nng cao im Ms.

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11.1.3. Thp lm dao ct c nng sut cao thp gi

d, Cng dng
- Loi c nng sut bnh thng: 80W18Cr4V (P18),
90W9Cr4V2 (P9), 85W6M05Cr4V2 (P6M5),...
+ Tnh cng nng khng qu 6000C, tc ct khng qu
25m/pht, bn v dai tt.
-

Loi

nng

sut

cao:

90W18Cr4V2

(P18 2),

95W9Co10Cr4V2 (P9K10),
+ Tnh cng nng cao n 630 6400C, tc ct ti
35m/pht, tnh chng mi mn rt cao bn un v do
khng cao lm cc dao ct thp khng g, thp bn
cao, thp bn nng, thp Austenit.
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11.1. THP V HP KIM LM DAO CT

11.1.4. Hp kim cng
- Hp kim cng l loi thp lm dao ct c tnh cng nng
cao nht, ti 800 10000C tc ct t hng trm m/pht.
Thnh phn ho hc v cch ch to:
- Thnh phn ch yu ca mi hp kim cng l cacbit:
cacbit vonfram (WC), cacbit titan (TiC),... rt cng v nhit
nng chy rt cao, ngoi ra cn c lg nh Coban (Co) lm
cht dnh kt.
- Hp kim cng c ch to bng phng php luyn kim
bt, trng thi rn qua cc bc: to bt, trn, p thiu kt

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11.1.4. Hp kim cng

a, Thnh phn ho hc v cch ch to

- Thnh phn ch yu ca mi hp kim cng l cacbit:
cacbit vonfram (WC), cacbit titan (TiC),... rt cng v nhit
nng chy rt cao, ngoi ra cn c lg nh Coban (Co) lm
cht dnh kt.
- Hp kim cng c ch to bng phng php luyn kim
bt, trng thi rn qua cc bc: to bt, trn, p thiu kt

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11.1.4. Hp kim cng

b, Phn loi v k hiu
+ Nhm mt cacbit: WC + Co
- K hiu: BK2, BK4, BK6, BK8, BK10, BK15, BK20, BK25.
V d: BK8 c 8%Co cn li 92% WC.
+ Nhm hai cacbit: WC + TiC + Co
- K hiu: T30K4, T15K6, T14K8, T5K10, T15K12.
V d: T15K6 c 15%TiC, 6%Co v cn li 79%WC.
+ Nhm ba cacbit: WC + TiC + TaC + Co
- K hiu: TT7K12, TT10K8, TT20K9
V d: TT10K8 c 10%(3%TiC + 7%TaC), 8%Co, 82%
WC.
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11.1.4. Hp kim cng

c, T chc v c tnh
+ T chc t vi ca hp kim cng l cc ht cacbit sc cnh
mu sng c dnh kt bng Co mu ti vi yu cu l cc
ht nh v phn b u.
+ Hp kim cng rt cng ti 82 90HRA (70 75HRC),
chng mi mn rt cao cng nng cao nhng hi gin.
d, Cng dng
+ Hp kim cng c s dng ngy cng nhiu lm dao ct,
khun ko, khun dp.
+ Nc ta thng dng ph bin hai mc: BK8 v T15K6.

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CHNG 11: THP V HP KIM DNG C

11.3. THP LM KHUN DP
11.3.1. Thp lm khun dp ngui
a, iu kin lm vic v yu cu i vi khun dp ngui
- cng cao khong 58 62 HRC;
- Tnh chng mi mn cao;
- bn v dai m bo.
b, Cc thp lm khun dp ngui
- Thp lm khun b, gm CD100 CD120 (Y10 Y12);
- Thp lm khun trung bnh (75 100mm), dng thp 110Cr,
100CrWMn, 100CrWSiMn ti phn cp;
- Thp lm khun ln v c tnh chng mi mn cao
(200 300mm), dng thp 200Cr12, 150Cr12Mo, 130Cr12V.
- Thp lm khun chu ti trng va p, 40CrW2Si, 50CrW2Si,
40CrSi, 60CrSi.
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11.3. THP LM KHUN DP

11.3.2. Thp lm khun dp nng
a, iu kin lm vic v yu cu i vi khun dp nng
- bn v dai cao, cng va phi, 35 46HRC;
- Tnh chng mi mn cao;
-Tnh chu nhit cao (tip xc vi phi nng ti 10000C).
b, Cc thp lm khun dp nng
- Thp lm khun rn, gm: 50CrNiMo, 50CrNiW,
50CrNiTi, 50CrNiSi, 50CrNiSiW;
- Thp lm khun chn
40Cr2W5MoW, 40Cr2W2VSi;

p,

gm:

30Cr2W8V,

- Cc khun chn p c nhiu phn khc nhau, gm:

30CrMnSi, 40CrNi; 50CrNiMo.
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CHNG 11: THP V HP KIM DNG C

11.4. THP LM DNG C O
11.4.1. iu kin lm vic v yu cu i vi dng c
o- Cc dng c o: panme, thc cp, thc o di, g,
dng, calp,... thng xuyn c xt vi cc chi tit gia cng
do d b mn, bin dng, lm sai lch kt qu o.
- yu cu:
+ C cng v tnh chng mi mn cao, cng
63 65HRC;
+ Kch thc khng i trong thi gian lm vic lu di:
- H s gin n v nhit nh;
- S n nh t chc t vi trong khong
nhit lm vic;
+ nhn bng b mt cao sau khi mi (cp 14) v t b
bin dng khi nhit luyn.

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11.4. THP LM DNG C O

11.4.2. Cc thp lm dng c o
a, Dng c o c cp tnh chnh xc cao
- Lng cacbon khong 1% thng l cc thp sau cng tch;
- Cc thp thng dng: 100Cr, 100CrWMn, 140CrMn;
+ cng v tnh chng mi mn cao, cng 63 65HRC;
+ nhn bng cao khi mi;

+ H s gin n v nhit rt nh, ch khong 10-5/0C.

b, Dng c o c cp tnh chnh xc thp
- Ch yu cu b mt lm vic cng, chng mi mn;

- Lng cacbon 0,25%;

- Thp thng dng: C15, C20 thm cacbon, ti + ram thp,
C45, C50, C55 ti b mt + ram thp.
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