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TRAN S TUNG

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BAI TAP HNH HOC 12

TAP 3













ON THI TOT NGHIEP THPT & AI HOC









Nam 2009

PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 26




1. nh ngha va cac phep toan
nh ngha, tnh chat, cac phep toan ve vect trong khong gian c xay dng hoan toan
tng t nh trong mat phang.
Lu y:
+ Qui tac ba iem: Cho ba iem A, B, C bat ky, ta co: AB BC AC + =
uuur uuur uuur

+ Qui tac hnh bnh hanh: Cho hnh bnh hanh ABCD, ta co: AB AD AC + =
uuur uuur uuur

+ Qui tac hnh hop: Cho hnh hop ABCD.ABCD, ta co: AB AD AA AC ' ' + + =
uuur uuur uuur uuuur

+ He thc trung iem oan thang: Cho I la trung iem cua oan thang AB, O tuy y.
Ta co: 0 IA IB + =
uur uur
r
; 2 OA OB OI + =
uuur uuur uur

+ He thc trong tam tam giac: Cho G la trong tam cua tam giac ABC, O tuy y.
Ta co: 0 3 GA GB GC OA OB OC OG ; + + = + + =
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
r

+ He thc trong tam t dien: Cho G la trong tam cua t dien ABCD, O tuy y.
Ta co: 0 4 GA GB GC GD OA OB OC OD OG ; + + + = + + + =
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
r

+ ieu kien hai vect cung phng: 0 a va b cu ng phng a k R b ka ( ) ! : $ =
r r r
r r r

+ iem M chia oan thang AB theo t so k (k 1), O tuy y.
Ta co:
1
OA kOB
MA kMB OM
k
;
-
= =
-
uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur

2. S ong phang cua ba vect
Ba vect c goi la ong phang neu cac gia cua chung cung song song vi mot mat
phang.
ieu kien e ba vect ong phang: Cho ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
, trong o a va b
r
r
khong cung
phng. Khi o: a b c , ,
r
r r
ong phang $! m, n R: c ma nb = +
r
r r

Cho ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
khong ong phang, x
r
tuy y.
Khi o: $! m, n, p R: x ma nb pc = + +
r
r r r

3. Tch vo hng cua hai vect
Goc gia hai vect trong khong gian:

0 0
0 180 AB u AC v u v BAC BAC , ( , ) ( ) = = =
uuur uuur
r r r r

Tch vo hng cua hai vect trong khong gian:
+ Cho 0 u v ,
r
r r
. Khi o: u v u v u v . . . cos( , ) =
r r r r r r

+ Vi 0 0 u hoac v = =
r r
r r
. Qui c: 0 u v . =
r r

+ 0 u v u v . ^ =
r r r r

+
2
u u =
r r





CHNG III
PHNG PHAP TOA O TRONG KHONG GIAN
I. ECTO THONG NHONG GIAN
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 27



1. He toa o ecac vuong goc trong khong gian:
Cho ba truc Ox, Oy, Oz vuong goc vi nhau tng oi mot va chung mot iem goc O. Goi
i j k , ,
r r r
la cac vect n v, tng ng tren cac truc Ox, Oy, Oz. He ba truc nh vay goi la he
toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz hoac n gian la he toa o Oxyz.
Chu y:
2 2 2
1 i j k = = =
r r r
va 0 i j i k k j . . . = = =
r r r r r r
.
2. Toa o cua vect:
a) nh ngha: ( ) u x y z u xi y j zk ; ; = = + +
r r r r r

b) Tnh chat: Cho
1 2 3 1 2 3
a a a a b b b b k R ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), = =
r r


1 1 2 2 3 3
a b a b a b a b ( ; ; ) =
r
r


1 2 3
ka ka ka ka ( ; ; ) =
r


1 1
2 2
3 3
a b
a b a b
a b
=

= =

r r

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 i j k ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = = = =
r r r r

a
r
cung phng 0 b b ( )
r
r r
a kb k R ( ) =
r r


1 1
3 1 2
2 2 1 2 3
1 2 3
3 3
0
a kb
a a a
a kb b b b
b b b
a kb
, ( , , )
=

= = =



1 1 2 2 3 3
a b a b a b a b . . . . = + +
r
r

1 1 2 2 3 3
0 a b a b a b a b ^ + + =
r r


2 2 2 2
1 2 3
a a a a = + +
r

2 2 2
1 2 2
a a a a = + +
r


1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
a b a b a b
a b
a b
a b
a a a b b b
.
cos( , )
.
.
+ +
= =
+ + + +
r
r
r
r
r
r
(vi 0 a b ,
r r
r
)
3. Toa o cua iem:
a) nh ngha: M x y z OM x y z ( ; ; ) ( ; ; ) =
uuur
(x : hoanh o, y : tung o, z : cao o)
Chu y: M (Oxy) z = 0; M (Oyz) x = 0; M (Oxz) y = 0
M Ox y = z = 0; M Oy x = z = 0; M Oz x = y = 0
b) Tnh chat: Cho
A A A B B B
A x y z B x y z ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )

B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z ( ; ; ) = - - -
uuur

2 2 2
B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z ( ) ( ) ( ) = - + - + -
Toa o iem M chia oan AB theo t so k (k1):
1 1 1
A B A B A B
x kx y ky z kz
M
k k k
; ;
- - -

- - -

Toa o trung iem M cua oan thang AB:
2 2 2
A B A B A B
x x y y z z
M ; ;
+ + +



Toa o trong tam G cua tam giac ABC:

3 3 3
A B C A B C A B C
x x x y y y z z z
G ; ;
+ + + + + +



II. HE TOA O THONG NHONG GIAN
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 28
Toa o trong tam G cua t dien ABCD:

4 4 4
A B C D A B C D A B C C
x x x x y y y y z z z z
G ; ;
+ + + + + + + + +



4. Tch co hng cua hai vect: (Chng trnh nang cao)
a) nh ngha: Cho
1 2 3
a a a a ( , , ) =
r
,
1 2 3
b b b b ( , , ) =
r
.
[ ]
( )
2 3 3 1 1 2
2 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1
2 3 3 1 1 2
a a a a a a
a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b
b b b b b b
, ; ; ; ;

= = = - - -


r r
r r

Chu y: Tch co hng cua hai vect la mot vect, tch vo hng cua hai vect la mot so.
b) Tnh chat:
[ ] i j k j k i k i j , ; , ; , = = =

r r r r r r r r r
a b a a b b [ , ] ; [ , ] ^ ^
r r r r r r

( ) a b a b a b [ , ] . .sin , =
r r
r r
r r
a b ,
r r
cung phng 0 a b [ , ] =
r r r

c) ng dung cua tch co hng:
ieu kien ong phang cua ba vect: a b ,
r r
va c
r
ong phang 0 a b c [ , ]. =
r r r

Dien tch hnh bnh ha nh ABCD:
ABCD
S AB AD ,

=

Y
uuur uuur

Dien tch tam giac ABC:
1
2
ABC
S AB AC ,
D

=

uuur uuur

The tch khoi hop ABCD.ABCD:
ABCD A B C D
V AB AD AA
. ' ' ' '
[ , ]. ' =
uuur uuur uuur

The tch t dien ABCD:
1
6
ABCD
V AB AC AD [ , ]. =
uuur uuur uuur



Chu y:
Tch vo hng cua hai vect thng s dung e chng minh hai ng thang vuong goc,
tnh goc gia hai ng thang.
Tch co hng cua hai vect thng s dung e tnh dien tch tam giac; tnh the tch
khoi t dien, the tch hnh hop; chng minh cac vect ong phang khong ong phang, chng
minh cac vect cung phng.

[ ]
[ ]
0
0
0
a b a b
a va b cu ng phng a b
a b c ong pha ng a b c
.
,
, , , .
^ =
=
=
r r
r r
r r r
r r
r r
r r r r

5. Phng trnh mat cau:
Phng trnh mat cau (S) tam I(a; b; c), ban knh R:

2 2 2 2
x a y b z c R ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - =
Phng trnh
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + = vi
2 2 2
0 a b c d + + - > la phng trnh
mat cau tam I(a; b; c) va ban knh R =
2 2 2
a b c d + + - .

Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 29
VAN E 1: Cac phep toan ve toa o cua vect va cua iem
S dung cac cong thc ve toa o cua vect va cua iem trong khong gian.
S dung cac phep toan ve vect trong khong gian.


Bai 1. Viet toa o cua cac vect sau ay:
2 a i j = - +
r r
r
; 7 8 b i k = -
r r r
; 9 c k = -
r
r
; 3 4 5 d i j k = - +
r r r r

Bai 2. Viet di dang xi yj zk + +
r r r
moi vect sau ay:

1
0 2
2
a ; ;

=


r
; 4 5 0 b ( ; ; ) = -
r
;
4 1
0
3
3
c ; ;

=


r
;
1 1
3
5
d ; ; p

=


r

Bai 3. Cho: ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 5 3 0 2 1 1 7 2 a b c ; ; ; ; ; ; , , - - = = =
r
r r
. Tm toa o cua cac vect u
r
vi:
a)
1
4 3
2
u a b c = - +
r
r r r
b) 4 2 u a b c = - -
r
r r r
c)
2
4
3
u b c = - +
r
r r

d) 3 5 u a b c = - +
r
r r r
e)
1 4
2
2 3
u a b c = - -
r
r r r
f)
3 2
4 3
u a b c = - -
r
r r r

Bai 4. Tm toa o cua vect x
r
, biet rang:
a) 0 a x + =
r
r r
vi
( )
1 2 1 a ; ; = -
r
b) 4 a x a + =
r r r
vi
( )
0 2 1 a ; ; = -
r

c) 2 a x b + =
r
r r
vi
( )
5 4 1 a ; ; = -
r
,
( )
2 5 3 b ; ; = -
r

Bai 5. Cho 1 3 4 a ( ; ; ) = -
r
.
a) Tm y va z e 2 b y z ( ; ; ) =
r
cung phng vi a
r
.
b) Tm toa o cua vect c
r
, biet rang a va c
r r
ngc hng va 2 c a =
r r
.
Bai 6. Cho ba vect ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 11 4 0 1 3 2 1 a b c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - = - = -
r
r r
. Tm:
a)
( )
a b c .
r
r r
b)
( )
2
a b c .
r
r r
c)
2 2 2
a b b c c a + +
r r
r r r r

d)
( )
2
3 2 a a b b c b . - +
r r r
r r r
e)
2 2
4 5 a c b c . + -
r
r r r

Bai 7. Tnh goc gia hai vect a
r
va b
r
:
a) ( ) ( ) 4 3 1 1 2 3 a b ; ; , ; ; = = -
r
r
b) ( ) ( ) 2 5 4 6 0 3 a b ; ; , ; ; = = -
r
r

c) 2 1 2 0 2 2 a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = -
r
r
d) 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = = -
r
r

e) 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 0 a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = -
r
r
f) 3 2 1 2 1 1 a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = -
r
r

Bai 8. Tm vect u
r
, biet rang:
a)
2 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 4
5 11 20
a b c
a u u b u c
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
. , . , .
= - = - = -

= - = - =

r
r r
r
r r r r r
b)
2 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 1
6
a b c
u a u b u c
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
, , .
= - = - = -

^ ^ = -

r
r r
r
r r r r r

c)
2 3 1 1 2 1 2 4 3
3 4 2
a b c
a u b u c u
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
. , . , .
= = - - = -

= = =

r
r r
r
r r r r r
d)
5 3 2 1 4 3 3 2 4
16 9 4
a b c
a u b u c u
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
. , . , .
= - = - = -

= = = -

r
r r
r
r r r r r

e)
7 2 3 4 3 5 1 1 1
5 7
a b c
a u b u c u
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
. , . ,
= = - = -

= - = - ^

r
r r
r
r r r r r

Bai 9. Cho hai vect a b ,
r
r
. Tm m e:
a)
2 1 2 0 2 2
2 3
a b
u a mb va v ma b vuong go c
( ; ; ), ( ; ; )

= - = -

= + = -

r
r
r r
r r r r
b)
3 2 1 2 1 1
3 3 2
a b
u ma b va v a mb vuong goc
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = -

= - = +

r
r
r r
r r r r

c)
3 2 1 2 1 1
3 3 2
a b
u ma b va v a mb cung phng
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = -

= - = +

r
r
r r
r r r r

PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 30
Bai 10. Cho hai vect a b ,
r
r
. Tnh X, Y khi biet:
a)
4 6 a b
X a b
,

= =

= -

r
r
r
r
b)
2 1 2 6 4 a b a b
Y a b
( ; ; ), ,

= - - = - =

= +

r r
r r
r
r

c)
( )
0
4 6 120 a b a b
X a b Y a b
, , ,
,

= = =

= - = +

r r
r r
r r
r r
d)
( )
0
2 1 2 6 60 a b a b
X a b Y a b
( ; ; ), , ,
,

= - - = =

= - = +

r r
r r
r r
r r

Bai 11. Cho ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
. Tm m, n e [ ] c a b , =
r
r r
:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 1 2 1 2 5 1 7 a b m c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - - = =
r
r r

b) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6 2 5 3 6 33 10 a m b n c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - = - =
r
r r

c) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 5 6 4 1 a b c m n ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = = =
r
r r

Bai 12. Xet s ong phang cua ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
trong moi trng hp sau ay:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 11 0 1 2 4 2 3 a b c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - = =
r
r r
b) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 3 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 a b c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = = - =
r
r r

c) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 a b c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - - = = -
r
r r
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 2 5 3 1 3 2 0 1 a b c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = = =
r
r r

e) 2 3 1 1 2 0 3 2 4 a b c ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = = - = -
r
r r
f) 5 4 8 2 3 0 1 7 7 a b c ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = - = -
r
r r

g) 2 4 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 a b c ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = - = -
r
r r
h) 2 4 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 a b c ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = - = - - = -
r
r r

Bai 13. Tm m e 3 vect a b c , ,
r
r r
ong phang:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 1 0 2 2 a m b m c m ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = = + = -
r
r r

b) 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 a m m b m m c m m ( ; ; ); ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) = + - = + + = +
r
r r

c) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 a m m m b m m m c ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = + - = - + =
r
r r

d) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 2 1 2 1 0 2 2 a b m m m c m ; ; , ; ; , ; ; = - = + - - = -
r
r r

Bai 14. Cho cac vect a b c u , , ,
r
r r r
. Chng minh ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
khong ong phang. Bieu dien
vect u
r
theo cac vect a b c , ,
r
r r
:
a)
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1
3 7 7
a b c
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= = - = -

= -

r
r r
r
b)
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 7 9 3 6 1 1 7
4 13 6
a b c 2
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= - = - = -

= - -

r
r r
r

c)
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
8 9 1
a b c
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= = - =

= -

r
r r
r
d)
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 2 2 3 0 0 3 4
1 6 22
a b c
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= = - = -

= - -

r
r r
r

e)
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 1 2 5 2 2 6
3 1 2
a b c
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= - = - = -

r
r r
r
f)
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 2
4 3 5
a b c
u
; ; , ; ; , ; ;
( ; ; )

= - = - = - -

= -

r
r r
r

Bai 15. Chng to bon vect a b c d , , ,
r r
r r
ong phang:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 6 1 4 3 2 4 2 2 2 11 1 a b c d ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ( ; ; ) = - - = - - = - - = - -
r r
r r

b) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 6 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 2 11 1 a b c d ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ( ; ; ) = - = - = - = -
r r
r r

Bai 16. Cho ba vect a b c , ,
r
r r
khong ong phang va vect d
r
. Chng minh bo ba vect sau khong
ong phang:
a) b c d ma nb , , = +
r r r
r r
(vi m, n 0) b) a c d ma nb , , = +
r r
r r r
(vi m, n 0)
c) a b d ma nb pc , , = + +
r r r
r r r
, (vi m, n, p 0) d) b c d ma nb pc , , = + +
r r r
r r r
, (vi m, n, p 0)
e) a c d ma nb pc , , = + +
r r
r r r r
, (vi m, n, p 0)





Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 31
VAN E 2: Xac nh iem trong khong gian. Chng minh tnh chat hnh hoc.
Dien tch The tch.
S dung cac cong thc ve toa o cua vect va cua iem trong khong gian.
S dung cac phep toan ve vect trong khong gian.
Cong thc xac nh toa o cua cac iem ac biet.
Tnh chat hnh hoc cua cac iem ac biet:
A, B, C thang hang AB AC ,
uuur uuur
cung phng AB k AC =
uuur uuur
0 AB AC ,

=

uuur uuur
r

ABCD la hnh bnh hanh AB DC =
uuur uuur

Cho DABC co cac chan E, F cua cac ng phan giac trong va ngoai cua goc A cua DABC
tren BC. Ta co:
AB
EB EC
AC
. = -
uuur uuur
,
AB
FB FC
AC
. =
uuur uuur

A, B, C, D khong ong phang AB AC AD , ,
uuur uuur uuur
khong ong phang 0 AB AC AD , .



uuur uuur uuur



Bai 1. Cho iem M. Tm toa o hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem M:
Tren cac mat phang toa o: Oxy, Oxz, Oyz Tren cac truc toa o: Ox, Oy, Oz
a) 1 2 3 M( ; ; ) b) 3 1 2 M( ; ; ) - c) 1 1 3 M( ; ; ) - - d) 1 2 1 M( ; ; ) -
e) 2 5 7 M( ; ; ) - f) 22 15 7 M( ; ; ) - g) 11 9 10 M( ; ; ) - h) 3 6 7 M( ; ; )
Bai 2. Cho iem M. Tm toa o cua iem M oi xng vi iem M:
Qua goc toa o Qua mp(Oxy) Qua truc Oy
a) 1 2 3 M( ; ; ) b) 3 1 2 M( ; ; ) - c) 1 1 3 M( ; ; ) - - d) 1 2 1 M( ; ; ) -
e) 2 5 7 M( ; ; ) - f) 22 15 7 M( ; ; ) - g) 11 9 10 M( ; ; ) - h) 3 6 7 M( ; ; )
Bai 3. Xet tnh thang hang cua cac bo ba iem sau:
a) 1 3 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) b) 1 11 4 3 1 9 5 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
c) 10 9 12 20 3 4 50 3 4 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - d) 1 5 10 5 7 8 2 2 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - -
Bai 4. Cho ba iem A, B, C.
Chng to ba iem A, B, C tao thanh mot tam giac.
Tm toa o trong tam G cua DABC.
Xac nh iem D sao cho ABCD la hnh bnh hanh.
Xac nh toa o cac chan E, F cua cac ng phan giac trong va ngoai cua goc A cua
DABC tren BC. Tnh o dai cac oan phan giac o.
Tnh so o cac goc trong DABC.
Tnh dien tch DABC. T o suy ra o dai ng cao AH cua DABC.
a) 1 2 3 0 3 7 12 5 0 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - b) 0 13 21 11 23 17 1 0 19 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) -
c) 3 4 7 5 3 2 1 2 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - d) 4 2 3 2 1 1 3 8 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
e) 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - f) 4 1 4 0 7 4 3 1 2 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
g) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 A B C ; ; , ; ; , ; ; h) 1 2 6 2 5 1 1 8 4 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 5. Tren truc Oy (Ox), tm iem cach eu hai iem:
a) 3 1 0 A( ; ; ) , 2 4 1 B( ; ; ) - b) 1 2 1 11 0 7 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - c) 4 1 4 0 7 4 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) -
d) 3 1 2 1 2 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - e) 3 4 7 5 3 2 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - f) 4 2 3 2 1 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 6. Tren mat phang Oxy (Oxz, Oyz), tm iem cach eu ba iem:
a) 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 1 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - b) 3 2 4 0 0 7 5 3 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
c) 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - d) 0 13 21 11 23 17 1 0 19 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) -
e) 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - f) 1 2 6 2 5 1 1 8 4 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 32
Bai 7. Cho hai iem A, B. ng thang AB cat mat phang Oyz (Oxz, Oxy) tai iem M.
iem M chia oan thang AB theo t so nao ? Tm toa o iem M.
a) ( ) ( ) 2 1 7 4 5 2 A B ; ; , ; ; - - b) 4 3 2 2 1 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - c) 10 9 12 20 3 4 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) -
d) 3 1 2 1 2 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - e) 3 4 7 5 3 2 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - f) 4 2 3 2 1 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 8. Cho bon iem A, B, C, D.
Chng minh A, B, C, D la bon nh cua mot t dien.
Tm toa o trong tam G cua t dien ABCD.
Tnh goc tao bi cac canh oi dien cua t dien ABCD.
Tnh the tch cua khoi t dien ABCD.
Tnh dien tch tam giac BCD, t o suy ra o dai ng cao cua t dien ve t A.
a) 2 5 3 1 0 0 3 0 2 3 1 2 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; - -
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; d) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 2 4 6 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ;
e) 2 3 1 4 1 2 6 3 7 5 4 8 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - f) 5 7 2 3 1 1 9 4 4 1 5 0 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
g) 2 4 1 1 0 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - h) 3 2 4 2 5 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
i) 3 4 8 1 2 1 5 2 6 7 4 3 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - k) 3 2 6 2 4 4 9 9 1 0 0 1 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - -
Bai 9. Cho hnh hop ABCD.A'B'C'D'.
Tm toa o cac nh con lai.
Tnh the tch khoi hop.
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 5 5 A B D C ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ' ; ; - - b) 2 5 3 1 0 0 3 0 2 3 1 2 A B C A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), '( ; ; ) - - - -

c) 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 A B D A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ;), '( ; ; ) - - d) 0 2 2 0 1 2 1 11 1 2 1 A B C C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), '( ; ; ) - - -
Bai 10. Cho bon iem S(3; 1; 2), A(5; 3; 1), B(2; 3; 4), C(1; 2; 0).
a) Chng minh SA ^ (SBC), SB ^ (SAC), SC ^ (SAB).
b) Chng minh S.ABC la mot hnh chop eu.
c) Xac nh toa o chan ng cao H cua hnh chop. Suy ra o dai ng cao SH.
Bai 11. Cho bon iem S(1; 2; 3), A(2; 2; 3), B(1; 3; 3), C(1; 2; 4).
a) Chng minh SA ^ (SBC), SB ^ (SAC), SC ^ (SAB).
b) Goi M, N, P lan lt la trung iem cua BC, CA, AB. Chng minh SMNP la t dien eu.
c) Ve SH ^ (ABC). Goi S la iem oi xng cua H qua S. Chng minh SABC la t dien eu.
Bai 12. Cho hnh hop ch nhat OABC.DEFG. Goi I la tam cua hnh hop.
a) Phan tch cac vect OI AG ,
uur uuur
theo cac vect OA OC OD , ,
uuur uuur uuur
.
b) Phan tch vect BI
uur
theo cac vect FE FG FI , ,
uuur uuur uur
.
Bai 13. Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.EFGH.
a) Phan tch vect AE
uuur
theo cac vect AC AF AH , ,
uuur uuur uuur
.
b) Phan tch vect AG
uuur
theo cac vect AC AF AH , ,
uuur uuur uuur
.
Bai 14. Cho hnh hop ABCD.A'B'C'D'. Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AD va BB. Chng
minh rang MN ^ AC.
Bai 15. Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A'B'C'D' vi canh bang 1. Tren cac canh BB, CD, AD lan
lt lay cac iem M, N, P sao cho BM = CN = DP = x (0 < x < 1). Chng minh AC vuong
goc vi mat phang (MNP).





Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 33
VAN E 3: Phng trnh mat cau
e viet phng trnh ma t cau (S), ta can xac nh tam I va ban knh R cua mat cau.
Dang 1: (S) co tam I(a; b; c) va ban knh R:
(S):
2 2 2 2
x a y b z c R ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - =
Dang 2: (S) co tam I(a; b; c) va i qua iem A:
Khi o ban knh R = IA.
Dang 3: (S) nhan oan thang AB cho trc lam ng knh:
Tam I la trung iem cua oan thang AB:
2 2 2
A B A B A B
I I I
x x y y z z
x y z ; ;
+ + +
= = = .
Ban knh R = IA =
2
AB
.
Dang 4: (S) i qua bon iem A, B, C, D (mat cau ngoai tiep t die n ABCD):
Gia s phng trnh mat cau (S) co dang:
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + = (*).
Thay lan lt toa o cua cac iem A, B, C, D vao (*), ta c 4 phng trnh.
Giai he phng trnh o, ta tm c a, b, c, d Phng trnh mat cau (S).
Dang 5: (S) i qua ba iem A, B, C va co tam I nam tren mat phang (P) cho trc:
Giai tng t nh dang 4.
Dang 6: (S) co tam I va tiep xuc vi mat cau (T) cho trc:
Xac nh tam J va ban knh R cua mat cau (T).
S dung ieu kien tiep xuc cua hai mat cau e tnh ban knh R cua mat cau (S).
(Xet hai trng hp tiep xuc trong va tiep xuc ngoai)

Chu y: Vi phng trnh mat cau (S):

2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + = vi
2 2 2
0 a b c d + + - >
th (S) co tam I(a; b; c) va ban knh R =
2 2 2
a b c d + + - .


Bai 1. Tm tam va ban knh cua cac mat cau sau:
a)
2 2 2
8 2 1 0 x y z x y + + - + + = b)
2 2 2
4 8 2 4 0 x y z x y z + + + + - - =
c)
2 2 2
2 4 4 0 x y z x y z + + - - + = d)
2 2 2
6 4 2 86 0 x y z x y z + + - + - - =
e)
2 2 2
12 4 6 24 0 x y z x y z + + - + - + = f)
2 2 2
6 12 12 72 0 x y z x y z + + - - + + =
g)
2 2 2
8 4 2 4 0 x y z x y z + + - + + - = h)
2 2 2
3 4 0 x y z x y + + - + =
i)
2 2 2
3 3 3 6 3 15 2 0 x y z x y z + + + - + - = k)
2 2 2
6 2 2 10 0 x y z x y z + + - + - + =
Bai 2. Xac nh m, t, a, e phng trnh sau xac nh mot mat cau, tm tam va ban knh cua
cac mat cau o:
a)
2 2 2 2
2 2 4 2 5 9 0 x y z m x my mz m ( ) + + - + + - + + =
b)
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 1 2 2 7 0 x y z m x m y mz m ( ) ( ) + + - - - + - + + =
c)
2 2 2
2 1 4 2 2 7 0 x y z x y z (cos ) cos . cos a a a + + + + - - + + =
d)
2 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 4 1 2 4 8 0 x y z x y z ( cos ) (sin ) cos a a a + + + - + - + + + =
e)
2 2 2
2 2 6 3 8 0 x y z t x y z t ln . ln + + - + - + + =
f)
2 2 2 2
2 2 4 2 1 5 8 0 x y z t x t y t z t ( ln ) ln . (ln ) ln + + + - + + + + + =
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 34
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh mat cau co tam I va ban knh R:
a) 1 3 5 3 I R ( ; ; ), - = b) 5 3 7 2 I R ( ; ; ), - = c) 1 3 2 5 I R ( ; ; ), - = d) 2 4 3 3 I R ( ; ; ), - =
Bai 4. Viet phng trnh mat cau co tam I va i qua iem A:
a) 2 4 1 5 2 3 I A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - b) 0 3 2 0 0 0 I A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - c) 3 2 1 2 1 3 I A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
d) 4 4 2 0 0 0 I A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - e) 4 1 2 1 2 4 I A ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
Bai 5. Viet phng trnh mat cau co ng knh AB, vi:
a) 2 4 1 5 2 3 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - b) 0 3 2 2 4 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - c) 3 2 1 2 1 3 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
d) 4 3 3 2 1 5 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - e) 2 3 5 4 1 3 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - f) 6 2 5 4 0 7 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 6. Viet phng trnh mat cau ngoai tiep t dien ABCD, vi:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 2 4 6 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ;
c) 2 3 1 4 1 2 6 3 7 5 4 8 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - d) 5 7 2 3 1 1 9 4 4 1 5 0 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
e) 6 2 3 0 1 6 2 0 1 4 1 0 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - f) 0 1 0 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 7. Viet phng trnh mat cau i qua ba iem A, B, C va co tam nam trong mat phang (P)
cho trc, vi:
a)
1 2 0 1 1 3 2 0 1 A B C
P Oxz
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
( ) ( )
- -

b)
2 0 1 1 3 2 3 2 0 A B C
P Oxy
( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
( ) ( )


Bai 8. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co tam I va tiep xuc vi mat cau (T), vi:
a)
2 2 2
5 11
2 4 6 5 0
I
T x y z x y z
( ; ; )
( ) :
-

+ + - + - + =

b)
2 2 2
3 2 2
2 4 8 5 0
I
T x y z x y z
( ; ; )
( ) :
-

+ + - + - + =




VAN E 4: V tr tng oi gia hai mat cau mat cau
Cho hai mat cau S
1
(I
1
, R
1
) va S
2
(I
2
, R
2
).

1 2 1 2
I I R R < - (S
1
), (S
2
) trong nhau
1 2 1 2
I I R R > + (S
1
), (S
2
) ngoai nhau

1 2 1 2
I I R R = - (S
1
), (S
2
) tiep xuc trong
1 2 1 2
I I R R = + (S
1
), (S
2
) tiep xuc ngoai

1 2 1 2 1 2
R R I I R R - < < + (S
1
), (S
2
) cat nhau theo mot ng tron.

Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi cua hai mat cau:
a)
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 4 2 4 0
4 2 4 5 0
x y z x y z
x y z x y z

+ + - + - - =

+ + + - - + =

b)
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 2 3 9
6 10 6 21 0
x y z
x y z x y z
( ) ( ) ( )

+ + - + - =

+ + - - - - =


c)
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 4 10 5 0
4 6 2 2 0
x y z x y z
x y z x y z

+ + - + - + =

+ + - - + - =

d)
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 4 2 15 0
4 12 2 25 0
x y z x y z
x y z x y z

+ + - + - - =

+ + + - - + =


e)
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 6 4 5 0
6 2 4 2 0
x y z x y z
x y z x y z

+ + - - + + =

+ + - + - - =

f)
2 2 2
2 2 2
4 2 2 3 0
6 4 2 2 0
x y z x y z
x y z x y z

+ + + - + - =

+ + - + - - =


Bai 2. Bien luan theo m v tr tng oi cua hai mat cau:
a)
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 1 3 64
4 2 3 2
x y z
x y z m
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

- + - + + =

- + + + - = +

b)
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3 2 1 81
1 2 3 3
x y z
x y z m
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

- + + + + =

- + - + - = -


c)
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 25
1 2 3 1
x y z
x y z m
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ + - + - =

+ + + + + = -

d)
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3 2 1 16
1 2 3 3
x y z
x y z m
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

+ + + + + =

- + - + - = +




Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 35
VAN E 5: Tap hp iem la mat cau Tap hp tam mat cau
1. Tap hp iem la mat cau
Gia s tm tap hp ie m M thoa tnh chat (P) nao o.
Tm he thc gia cac toa o x, y, z cua iem M. Chang han co dang:

2 2 2 2
x a y b z c R ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - =
hoac:
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z ax by cz d + + + + + + =
Tm gii han qu tch (neu co).
2. Tm tap hp tam mat cau
Tm toa o cua tam I, chang han:
x f t
y g t
z h t
( )
( )
( )
=

(*)
Kh t trong (*) ta co phng trnh tap hp iem.
Tm gii han qu tch (neu co).

Bai 1. Cho hai iem A(1; 2; 1), B(3; 1; 2). Tm tap hp cac iem M(x; y; z) sao cho:
a)
2 2
30 MA MB + = b) 2
MA
MB
= c)
2 2 2
0 MA MB k k ( ) + = >
Bai 2. Cho hai iem A(2; 3; 1), B(4; 5; 3). Tm tap hp cac iem M(x; y; z) sao cho:
a)
2 2
124 MA MB + = b)
3
2
MA
MB
= c)
0
90 AMB =
d) MA = MB e)
2 2 2
2 1 0 MA MB k k ( ) ( ) + = + >
Bai 3. Tm tap hp cac tam I cua mat cau sau khi m thay oi:
a)
2 2 2
4 6 2 3 19 2 0 x y z x y m z m ( ) + + - - + - + - =
b)
2 2 2
2 2 4 2 2 4 0 x y z m x y z m ( ) + + + - + - + + =
c)
2 2 2 2
2 4 2 1 2 6 0 x y z x y m z m ( ) + + + - + + + + =
d)
2 2 2
4 2 2 5 2 6 2 1 0 x y z m x m y z m ( cos ) ( sin ) cos + + - + - + - + + =
e)
2 2 2 2
2 3 4 2 4 1 4 5 2 0 x y z m x m y z m ( cos ) ( sin ) sin + + + - - + - - - =



PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 36



1. Vect phap tuyen Cap vect ch phng cua mat phang
Vect 0 n
r
r
la VTPT cua (a) neu gia cua n
r
vuong goc vi (a).
Hai vect a b ,
r
r
khong cung phng la cap VTCP cua (a) neu cac gia cua chung song song
hoac nam tren (a).
Chu y: Neu n
r
la mot VTPT cua (a) th kn
r
(k 0) cung la VTPT cua (a).
Neu a b ,
r
r
la mot cap VTCP cua (a) th [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
la mot VTPT cua (a).
2. Phng trnh tong quat cua mat phang

2 2 2
0 0 Ax By Cz D vi A B C + + + = + + >
Neu (a) co phng trnh 0 Ax By Cz D + + + = th n A B C ( ; ; ) =
r
la mot VTPT cua (a).
Phng trnh mat phang i qua
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va co mot VTPT n A B C ( ; ; ) =
r
la:

0 0 0
0 A x x B y y C z z ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - =
3. Cac trng hp rieng

Chu y: Neu trong phng trnh cua (a) khong cha an nao th (a) song song hoac cha
truc tng ng.
Phng trnh mat phang theo oan chan: 1
x y z
a b c
+ + =
(a) cat cac truc toa o tai cac iem (a; 0; 0), (0; b; 0), (0; 0; c)

4. V tr tng oi cua hai mat phang
Cho hai mat phang (a), (b) co phng trnh: (a):
1 1 1 1
0 A x B y C z D + + + =
(b):
2 2 2 2
0 A x B y C z D + + + =
(a), (b) cat nhau
1 1 1 2 2 2
A B C A B C : : : :
(a) // (b)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C D
A B C D
= = (a) (b)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C D
A B C D
= = =
(a) ^ (b)
1 2 1 2 1 2
0 A A B B C C + + =
5. Khoang cach t iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
; z
0
) en mat phang (a): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
( )
0 0 0
0
2 2 2
Ax By Cz D
d M
A B C
, ( ) a
+ + +
=
+ +


III. PHtONG THNH MAT PHANG
Cac he so Phng trnh mat phang (a) Tnh chat mat phang (a)
D = 0
0 Ax By Cz + + =
(a) i qua goc toa o O
A = 0
0 By Cz D + + =
(a) // Ox hoac (a) Ox
B = 0 0 Ax Cz D + + = (a) // Oy hoac (a) Oy
C = 0
0 Ax By D + + =
(a) // Oz hoac (a) Oz
A = B = 0 0 Cz D + = (a) // (Oxy) hoac (a) (Oxy)
A = C = 0
0 By D + =
(a) // (Oxz) hoac (a) (Oxz)
B = C = 0 0 Ax D + = (a) // (Oyz) hoac (a) (Oyz)

Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 37
VAN E 1: Viet phng trnh mat phang
e lap phng trnh ma t phang (a) ta can xac nh mot iem thuoc (a) va mot VTPT cua no.
Dang 1: (a) i qua iem ( )
0 0 0
M x ; y ; z co VTPT ( ) n A; B;C =
r
:
(a): ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 A x x B y y C z z - + - + - =
Dang 2: (a) i qua iem ( )
0 0 0
M x ; y ; z co cap VTCP a b ,
r
r
:
Khi o mot VTPT cua (a) la [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Dang 3: (a) i qua iem ( )
0 0 0
M x ; y ; z va song song vi mat phang (b): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0:
(a): ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 A x x B y y C z z - + - + - =
Dang 4: (a) i qua 3 iem khong thang hang A, B, C:
Khi o ta co the xac nh mot VTPT cua (a) la: n AB AC ,

=

uuur uuur
r

Dang 5: (a) i qua mot iem M va mot ng thang (d) khong cha M:
Tren (d) lay iem A va VTCP u
r
.
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: n AM u ,

=

uuur
r r

Dang 6: (a) i qua mot iem M va vuong goc vi mot ng thang (d):
VTCP u
r
cua ng thang (d) la mot VTPT cua (a).
Dang 7: (a) i qua 2 ng thang cat nhau d
1
, d
2
:
Xac nh cac VTCP a b ,
r
r
cua cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Lay mot iem M thuoc d
1
hoac d
2
M (a).
Dang 8: (a) cha ng thang d
1
va song song vi ng thang d
2
(d
1
, d
2
cheo nhau):
Xac nh cac VTCP a b ,
r
r
cua cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Lay mot iem M thuoc d
1
M (a).
Dang 9: (a) i qua iem M va song song vi hai ng thang cheo nhau d
1
, d
2
:
Xac nh cac VTCP a b ,
r
r
cua cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Dang 10: (a) i qua mot ng thang (d) va vuong goc vi mot mat phang (b):
Xac nh VTCP u
r
cua (d) va VTPT n
b
r
cua (b).
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: n u n ,
b
=

r r r
.
Lay mot iem M thuoc d M (a).
Dang 11: (a) i qua iem M va vuong goc vi hai mat phang cat nhau (b), (g):
Xac nh cac VTPT n n ,
b g
r r
cua (b) va (g).
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: n u n ,
b g
=

r r r
.
Dang 12: (a) i qua ng thang (d) cho trc va cach iem M cho trc mot khoang k cho
trc:
Gia s (a) co phng trnh: 0 Ax By Cz+D + + =
( )
2 2 2
0 A B C + + .
Lay 2 iem A, B (d) A, B (a) (ta c hai phng trnh (1), (2)).
T ieu kien khoang cach d M k ( , ( )) a = , ta c phng trnh (3).
Giai he phng trnh (1), (2), (3) (bang cach cho gia tr mot an, tm cac an con lai).
Dang 13: (a) la tiep xuc vi mat cau (S) tai iem H:
Gia s mat cau (S) co tam I va ban knh R.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 38
Mot VTPT cua (a) la: n IH =
uur
r

Chu y: e vie t phng trnh mat phang can na m vng cac cach xac nh mat phang a hoc
lp 11.

Bai 1. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) i qua iem M va co VTPT n
r
cho trc:
a) ( ) ( ) = - M 3;1;1 , n 1;1;2
r
b) ( ) ( ) - = M 2;7; 0 , n 3; 0;1
r
c) ( ) ( ) - - = M 4; 1; 2 , n 0;1;3
r

d) ( ) ( ) - = M 2;1; 2 , n 1; 0; 0
r
e) ( ) ( ) = - - M 3;4;5 , n 1; 3; 7
r
f) ( ) ( ) = - M 10;1;9 , n 7;10;1
r

Bai 2. Viet phng trnh mat phang trung trc cua oan thang AB cho trc, vi:
a) 2 1 1 2 1 1 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - b) 1 1 4 2 0 5 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - c) 2 3 4 4 1 0 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
d)
1 1
A ; 1; 0 , B 1; ;5
2 2

- -


e)
2 1 1
A 1; ; , B 3; ;1
3 2 3

-


f) 2 5 6 1 3 2 A B ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua iem M va co cap VTCP a b ,
r
r
cho trc, vi:
a) 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 M a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - = = -
r
r
b) 1 2 3 3 1 2 0 3 4 M a b ( ; ; ), ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - = - - =
r
r

c) 1 3 4 2 7 2 3 2 4 M a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - = =
r
r
d) 4 0 5 6 1 3 3 2 1 M a b ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ); ( ; ; ) - = - =
r
r

Bai 4. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua iem M va song song vi mat phang ( ) b cho
trc, vi:
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 5 M Oxy ; ; , b = b) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2 3 0 M x y ; ; , : b - - + =
c) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 2 10 0 M x y z ; ; , : b - - + - = d) ( ) ( ) 3 6 5 1 0 M x z ; ; , : b - - + - =
e) 2 3 5 2 5 0 M x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : b - + - + = f) 1 1 1 10 10 20 40 0 M x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : b - + - =
Bai 5. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua iem M va lan lt song song vi cac mat phang
toa o, vi:
a) ( ) 2 1 5 M ; ; b) ( ) 1 2 1 M ; ; - c) ( ) 1 1 0 M ; ; - d) ( ) 3 6 5 M ; ; -
e) 2 3 5 M( ; ; ) - f) 1 11 M( ; ; ) g) 1 1 0 M( ; ; ) - h) 3 6 5 M( ; ; ) -
Bai 6. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua ba iem A, B, C khong thang hang cho trc,
vi:
a) 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - b) 0 0 0 2 1 3 4 2 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
c) 1 2 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - d) 3 5 2 1 2 0 0 3 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
e) 2 4 0 5 1 7 1 1 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - f) 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 7. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua iem A va vuong goc vi ng thang i qua hai
iem B, C cho trc, vi:
a) 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - b) 0 0 0 2 1 3 4 2 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
c) 1 2 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - d) 3 5 2 1 2 0 0 3 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
e) 2 4 0 5 1 7 1 1 1 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - f) 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 7 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 8. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua hai iem A, B va vuong goc vi mat phang (b)
cho trc, vi:
a)
( )
3 1 1 2 1 4
2 3 1 0
A B
x y z
( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
: b
- -

- + - =

b)
( )
2 1 3 4 2 1
2 3 2 5 0
A B
x y z
( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
: b
- - -

+ - + =

c)
( )
2 1 3 4 7 9
3 4 8 5 0
A B
x y z
( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
: b
- - -

+ - - =


d)
( )
3 1 2 3 1 2
2 2 2 5 0
A B
x y z
( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
: b
- - -

- - + =


Bai 9. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua iem M va vuong goc vi hai mat phang (b), (g)
cho trc, vi:
a) ( ) ( ) 1 2 5 2 3 1 0 2 3 1 0 M x y z x y z ( ; ; ), : , : b g - - + - + = - + + =
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 39
b) ( ) ( ) 1 0 2 2 2 0 3 0 M x y z x y z ( ; ; ), : , : b g - + - - = - - - =
c) ( ) ( ) 2 4 0 2 3 2 5 0 3 4 8 5 0 M x y z x y z ( ; ; ), : , : b g - + - + = + - - =
d) ( ) ( ) 5 1 7 3 4 3 6 0 3 2 5 3 0 M x y z x y z ( ; ; ), : , : b g - + + = - + - =
Bai 10. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) i qua iem M va giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P),
(Q) cho trc, vi:
a) ( )
( )
( ) 1 2 3 2 3 5 0 3 2 5 1 0 M P x y z Q : x y z ; ; , : , - - + - = - + - =
b) ( )
( )
( ) 2 1 1 4 0 3 1 0 M P x y z Q : x y z ; ; , : , - - + - = - + - =
c) ( )
( )
( ) 3 4 1 19 6 4 27 0 42 8 3 11 0 M P x y z Q : x y z ; ; , : , - - + = - + + =
d) ( )
( )
( ) 0 0 1 5 3 2 5 0 2 1 0 M P x y z Q x y z ; ; , : , : - + - = - - - =
Bai 11. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) qua giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P), (Q), ong thi
song song vi mat phang (R) cho trc, vi:
a) 2 4 0 3 0 2 0 P y z Q x y z R x y z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : + - = + - - = + + - =
b) 4 2 5 0 4 5 0 2 19 0 P x y z Q y z R x y ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : - + - = + - = - + =
c) 3 2 0 4 5 0 2 7 0 P x y z Q x y R x z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : - + - = + - = - + =
Bai 12. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) qua giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P), (Q), ong thi
vuong goc vi mat phang (R) cho trc, vi:
a) 2 3 4 0 2 3 5 0 2 3 2 0 P x y Q y z R x y z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : + - = - - = + - - =
b) 2 4 0 3 0 2 0 P y z Q x y z R x y z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : + - = + - + = + + - =
c) 2 4 0 2 5 0 2 3 6 0 P x y z Q x y z R x y z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : + - - = + + + = - - + =
d) 3 2 0 4 5 0 2 7 0 P x y z Q x y R x z ( ) : , ( ) : , ( ) : - + - = + - = - + =
Bai 13. Viet phng trnh mat phang (a) qua giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P), (Q), ong thi
cach iem M cho trc mot khoang bang k, vi:
a) 2 0 5 13 2 0 1 2 3 2 P x y Q x y z M k ( ): , ( ) : , ( ; ; ), - - = - + = =


VAN E 2: V tr tng oi cua hai mat phang

Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi cua cac cap mat phang sau:
a)
2 3 2 5 0
3 4 8 5 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ - - =

b)
3 4 3 6 0
3 2 5 3 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + - =

c)
5 5 5 1 0
3 3 3 7 0
x y z
x y z
+ - - =

+ - + =


d)
6 4 6 5 0
12 8 12 5 0
x y z
x y z
- - + =

- - - =

e)
2 2 4 5 0
25
5 5 10 0
2
x y z
x y z
- - + =

- - + =

f)
3 2 6 23 0
3 2 6 33 0
x y z
x y z
- - - =

- - + =


Bai 2. Xac nh m, n e cac cap mat phang sau: song song cat nhau trung nhau
a)
3 2 7 0
7 6 4 0
x my z
nx y z
+ - - =

+ - + =

b)
5 2 11 0
3 5 0
x y mz
x ny z
- + - =

+ + - =

c)
2 3 5 0
6 6 2 0
x my z
nx y z
+ + - =

- - + =


d)
3 9 0
2 2 3 0
x y mz
x ny z
- + - =

+ + - =

e)
2 3 5 0
6 6 2 0
x y z
mx y z
+ + - =

- - - =

f)
3 5 3 0
2 3 1 0
x y mz
x y z
- + - =

+ - + =


g)
2 0
2 4 3 0
x my z
x y nz
+ - + =

+ + - =

h)
2 2 1 0
3 2 0
x ny z
x y mz
- + - =

- + - =

i)
3 3 2 5 0
2 2 10 0
x m y z
m x y mz
( )
( )
- - + - =

+ - + - =


Bai 3. Xac nh m e cac cap mat phang sau vuong goc vi nhau
a)
2 7 2 0
3 2 15 0
x y mz
x y z
- + + =

+ - + =

b)
2 1 3 2 3 0
1 4 5 0
m x my z
mx m y z
( )
( )
- - + + =

+ - + - =


PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 40
c)
2 12 0
7 0
mx y mz
x my z
+ + - =

+ + + =

d)
3 3 2 5 0
2 2 10 0
x m y z
m x y mz
( )
( )
- - + - =

+ - + - =


e)
4 3 3 0
2 7 1 0
x y z
mx y z
- - =

+ - - =

f)
3 5 3 0
3 2 5 0
x y mz
x y z
- + - =

+ + + =




VAN E 3: Khoang cach t mot iem en mot mat phang.
Khoang cach gia hai mat phang song song.
Hnh chieu cua mot iem tren mat phang . iem oi xng cua mot iem qua mat phang.
Khoang cach t iem M
0
(x
0
; y
0
; z
0
) en mat phang (a): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
( )
0 0 0
0
2 2 2
Ax By Cz D
d M
A B C
, ( ) a
+ + +
=
+ +

Khoang cach gia hai mat phang song song ba ng khoang cach t mot ie m ba t k tren ma t
phang nay en mat phang kia.
Chu y: Neu hai mat phang khong song song th khoang cach gia chung bang 0.
iem H la hnh chieu cua iem M tren (P)
MH n cung phng
H P
,
( )

uuuur
r

iem M oi xng vi iem M qua (P) 2 MM MH =
uuuuur uuuur


Bai 1. Cho mat phang (P) va iem M.
Tnh khoang cach t M en (P). Tm toa o hnh chieu H cua M tren (P).
Tm toa o iem M oi xng vi M qua (P).
a) 2 2 6 0 2 3 5 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - = - b) 5 14 0 1 4 2 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) + + - = - -
c) 6 2 3 12 0 3 1 2 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = - d) 2 4 4 3 0 2 3 4 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = -
e) 4 0 2 1 1 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - = - f) 3 2 0 1 2 4 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - =
Bai 2. Tm khoang cach gia hai mat phang:
a)
2 3 1 0
2 3 5 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + + =

b)
6 2 1 0
6 2 3 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + - =

c)
2 4 5 0
3 5 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =


d)
4 8 1 0
4 8 5 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + + =

e)
2 4 5 0
3 5 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =

f)
3 6 3 7 0
2 1 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ - + =


Bai 3. Tm tap hp cac iem cach mat phang mot khoang bang k cho trc:
a) 6 3 2 7 0 3 x y z k , - + - = = b) 3 2 6 5 0 4 x y z k , - - + = =
c) 6 2 3 12 0 2 x y z k , - + + = = d) 2 4 4 14 0 3 x y z k , - + - = =
Bai 4. Tm tap hp cac iem cach eu hai mat phang:
a)
2 3 1 0
2 3 5 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + + =

b)
6 2 1 0
6 2 3 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + - =

c)
2 4 5 0
3 5 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =


d)
4 8 1 0
4 8 5 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + + =

e)
2 4 5 0
3 5 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =

f)
3 6 3 7 0
2 1 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ - + =


Bai 5. Tm tap hp cac iem co ty so cac khoang cach en hai mat phang bang k cho trc:
a)
2 2 10 0
2 4 4 3 0
2
3
x y z
x y z
k
+ - - =

+ - + =

b)
6 2 1 0
6 2 3 0
1
2
x y z
x y z
k
- + + =

- + - =

c)
6 3 2 1 0
2 2 6 0
4
7
x y z
x y z
k
+ - - =

+ - + =


Bai 6. Tm iem M tren truc Ox (Oy, Oz) cach eu iem N va mat phang (P):
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 41
a) 2 2 5 0 1 2 2 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) + + - = - b) 5 14 0 1 4 2 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) + + - = - -
c) 6 2 3 12 0 3 1 2 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = - d) 2 4 4 3 0 2 3 4 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = -
e) 4 0 2 1 1 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - = - f) 3 2 0 1 2 4 P x y z N ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - =
Bai 7. Tm iem M tren truc Ox (Oy, Oz) cach eu hai mat phang:
a)
1 0
5 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

- + - =

b)
2 2 1 0
2 2 5 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ + - =

c)
2 4 5 0
4 2 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =


d)
4 8 1 0
4 8 5 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

- + + =

e)
2 4 5 0
3 5 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =

f)
3 6 3 7 0
2 1 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ - + =


Bai 8. Tm phng trnh tong quat cua mat phang (P) i qua iem A va song song vi mat phang
(Q) cho trc. Tnh khoang cach gia (P) va (Q):
a) ( ) 1 2 3 2 4 4 0 A Q x y z ; ; , ( ) : - - + = . b) ( ) 3 1 2 6 2 3 12 0 A Q x y z ; ; , ( ) : - + + = .
Bai 9. Tm phng trnh tong quat cua mat phang (P) song song vi mat phang (Q) va cach iem
A mot khoang k cho trc:
a) 2 2 5 0 2 1 4 4 Q x y z A k ( ) : , ( ; ; ), + - + = - = b) 2 4 4 3 0 2 3 4 3 Q x y z A k ( ) : , ( ; ; ), - + + = - =
Bai 10. Tm phng trnh tong quat cua mat phang (P) cach mat phang (Q) mot khoang k:
a) 3 2 3 0 14 Q x y z k ( ) : , - + - = = b) 4 3 2 5 0 29 Q x y z k ( ) : , + - + = =


VAN E 4: Goc gia hai mat phang
Cho hai mat phang (a), (b) co phng trnh: (a):
1 1 1 1
0 A x B y C z D + + + =
(b):
2 2 2 2
0 A x B y C z D + + + =
Goc gia (a), (b) bang hoac bu vi goc gia hai VTPT
1 2
n n ,
r r
.
( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 1 2 2 2
n n A A B B C C
n n
A B C A B C
.
cos ( ), ( )
.
.
a b
+ +
= =
+ + + +
r r
r r

Chu y:

( )
0 0
0 90 ( ),( ) a b .
1 2 1 2 1 2
0 A A B B C C ( ) ( ) a b ^ + + =

Bai 1. Tnh goc gia hai mat phang:
a)
1 0
5 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

- + - =

b)
2 2 1 0
2 2 5 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

+ + - =

c)
2 4 5 0
4 2 1 0
x y z
x y z
- + + =

+ - - =


d)
4 4 2 7 0
2 4 5 0
x y z
x z
+ - + =

+ - =

e)
2 2 3 0
2 2 12 0
x y z
y z
- - + =

+ + =

f)
3 3 3 2 0
4 2 4 9 0
x y z
x y z

- + + =

+ + - =


Bai 2. Tm m e goc gia hai mat phang sau bang a cho trc:
a)
0
2 1 3 2 3 0
1 4 5 0
90
m x my z
mx m y z
( )
( )
a
- - + + =

+ - + - =

b)
0
2 12 0
7 0
45
mx y mz
x my z
a
+ + - =

+ + + =

c)
0
2 2 5 0
3 2 3 0
90
m x my mz
mx m y z
( )
( )
a
+ + - + =

+ - + - =


d)
0
3 0
2 1 1 1 6 0
30
mx y mz
m x m y m z ( ) ( ) ( )
a
- + + =

+ + - + - - =


Bai 3. Cho t dien OABC co cac canh OA, OB, OC vuong goc vi nhau tng oi mot. Goi
g b a , , lan lt la cac goc hp bi cac mat phang (OAB), (OBC), (OCA) vi mat phang
(ABC). Bang phng phap toa o, chng minh rang:
a) Tam giac ABC co ba goc nhon b) 1 cos cos cos
2 2 2
= + + g b a
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 42
VAN E 5: V tr tng oi gia mat phang va mat cau.
Phng trnh mat phang tiep xuc vi mat cau
Cho mat phang (a): 0 Ax By Cz D + + + = va mat cau (S):
2 2 2 2
x a y b z c R ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - =
(a) va (S) khong co iem chung d I R ( , ( )) a >
(a) tiep xuc vi (S) d I R ( , ( )) a = (a) la tiep die n
e tm toa o tiep ie m ta co the thc hien nh sau:
Viet phng trnh ng thang d i qua tam I cua (S) va vuong goc vi (a).
Tm toa o giao iem H cua d va (a).
H la tiep ie m cua (S) vi (a).
(a) cat (S) theo mot ng tron d I R ( , ( )) a <
e xac nh tam H va ban knh r cua ng tron giao tuyen ta co the thc hien nh sau:
Viet phng trnh ng thang d i qua tam I cua (S) va vuong goc vi (a).
Tm toa o giao iem H cua d va (a).
H la tam cua ng tron giao tuyen cua (S) vi (a).
Ban knh r cua ng tron giao tuyen:
2 2
r R IH = -


Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi gia mat phang (P) va mat cau (S):
a)
2 2 2
2 2 1 0
6 2 4 5 0
P x y z
S x y z x y z
( ) :
( ) :
+ + - =

+ + - - + + =

b)
2 2 2
2 3 6 9 0
1 3 2 16
P x y z
S x y z
( ) :
( ) : ( ) ( ) ( )
- + - =

- + - + + =


c)
2 2 2
2 11 0
2 4 2 2 0
P x y z
S x y z x y z
( ) :
( ) :
+ - - =

+ + + - - + =

d)
2 2 2
2 2 5 0
6 4 8 13 0
P x y z
S x y z x y z
( ) :
( ) :
- + + =

+ + - - - + =


e)
P x y z
S x y z x y z
2 2 2
( ) : 2 2 0
( ) : 6 2 2 10 0
+ + =

+ + - + - + =

f)
P z
S x y z x y z
2 2 2
( ) : 3 0
( ) : 6 2 16 22 0
- =

+ + - + - + =


Bai 2. Bien luan theo m, v tr tng oi gia mat phang (P) va mat cau (S):
a)
2 2 2
2 2 4 0 2 1 4 4 8 0 P x y z S x y z m x my z m ( ) : ; ( ) : ( ) - - - = + + - - + + + =
b)
2 2 2 2
4 2 4 5 0 1 2 3 1 P x y z S x y z m ( ) : ; ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - = - + + + - = -
c)
2 2 2 2
3 2 6 7 0 2 1 1 2 P x y z S x y z m ( ) : ; ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + - + = - + - + + = +
d)
2 2 2 2
2 3 6 10 0 4 2 1 2 3 5 4 0 P x y z S x y z mx m y z m m ( ) : ; ( ) : ( ) - + - = + + + - + - + + + - =
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co tam I va tiep xuc vi mat phang (P) cho trc:
a) 3 5 2 2 3 1 0 I P x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : - - - - + = b) 1 4 7 6 6 7 42 0 I P x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : + - + =
c) 1 1 2 2 2 3 0 I P x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : + + + = d) 2 1 1 2 2 5 0 I P x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : - + - + =
Bai 4. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) tiep xuc vi mat cau (S) cho trc:
a) S x y z
2 2 2
( ) : ( 3) ( 1) ( 2) 24 - + - + + = tai 1 3 0 M( ; ; ) -
b) S x y z x y z
2 2 2
( ) : 6 2 4 5 0 + + - - + + = tai 4 3 0 M( ; ; )
c)
2 2 2
1 3 2 49 S x y z ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) - + + + - = tai 7 1 5 M( ; ; ) -
d)
2 2 2
2 2 2 22 0 S x y z x y z ( ) : + + - - - - = va song song vi mat phang 3 2 6 14 0 x y z - + + = .
e)
2 2 2
6 4 2 11 0 S x y z x y z ( ) : + + - + + - = va song song vi mat phang 4 3 17 0 x z + - = .
f)
2 2 2
2 4 4 0 S x y z x y z ( ) : + + - - + = va song song vi mat phang 2 2 5 0 x y z + + + = .
g)
2 2 2
2 6 2 8 0 S x y z x y z ( ) : + + - + + + = va cha ng thang 4 4 3 1 1 d x t y t z t : , , = + = + = +
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 43
h) Tiep xuc vi mat cau ngoai tiep t dien ABCD tai A vi A(6; 2; 3), B(0; 1; 6), C(2; 0;
1), D(4; 1; 0).
i) Tiep xuc vi mat cau: 0 113 26 2 10
2 2 2
= - + + - + + z y x z y x va song song vi 2 ng
thang:
1
5 1 13
2 3 2
x y z
d :
+ - +
= =
-
,
1
7 1 8
3 2 0
x y z
d :
+ + -
= =
-
.











Bai tap on: Phng trnh mat phang

Bai 1. Cho t dien ABCD.
Viet phng trnh cac mat cua t dien.
Viet phng trnh mat phang cha mot canh va song song vi canh oi dien.
Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua mot nh va song song vi mat oi dien.
Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua canh AB va vuong goc vi (BCD).
Viet phng trnh mat phang trung trc cua cac canh t dien.
Tm toa o cac iem A, B, C, D lan lt la cac iem oi xng vi cac iem A, B, C,
D qua cac mat oi dien.
Tnh khoang cach t mot nh cua t dien en mat oi dien.
Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) ngoai tiep t dien ABCD. Xac nh tam I va ban knh R
cua (S).
Viet phng trnh cac tiep dien cua (S) tai cac nh A, B, C, D cua t dien.
Viet phng trnh cac tiep dien cua (S) song song vi cac mat cua t dien.
a) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 1 3 1 6 2 5 0 4 4 0 6 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ;
c) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 2 4 6 A B C D ; ; , ; ; , ; ; , ; ; d) 2 3 1 4 1 2 6 3 7 5 4 8 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - -
e) 5 7 2 3 1 1 9 4 4 1 5 0 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - f) 0 1 0 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 A B C D ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
Bai 2. Cho hai mat phang (P), (Q) lan lt cat ba truc toa o tai cac iem: A(1; 0; 0), B(0; 2; 0),
C(0; 0; 3) va E(2; 0; 0), F(0; 1; 0), G(0; 0; 1).
a) Tm phng trnh tong quat cua (P) va (Q).
b) Tnh o dai ng cao cua hnh chop O.ABC.
c) Tnh goc gia hai mat phang (P), (Q).
Bai 3. Cho bon iem: A(1; 1; 1), B(3; 3; 1), C(3; 1; 3) va D(1; 3; 3).
a) Chng minh ABCD la mot t dien eu.
b) Chng minh t dien ABCD co cac cap canh oi oi mot vuong goc.
c) Tm phng trnh tong quat cua cac mat phang (ABC), (ABD), (ACD), (BCD).
d) Tnh goc gia cac cap mat phang: (ABC) va (ABD), (BCD) va (ACD).


PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 44



1. Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang
Phng trnh tham so cua ng thang d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va co VTCP
1 2 3
a a a a ( ; ; ) =
r
:

1
2
3
o
o
o
x x a t
d y y a t t R
z z a t
( ) : ( )
= +

= +

= +


Neu
1 2 3
0 a a a th
0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
d
a a a
( ) :
- - -
= = gl phng trnh chnh tac cua d.
2. V tr tng oi gia hai ng thang
Cho hai ng thang d, d co phng trnh tham so lan lt la:

0 1
0 2
0 3
x x ta
d y y ta
z z ta
:
= +

= +

= +

va
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x t a
d y y t a
z z t a
:
= +

= +

= +


d // d
0 1 0 1
0 2 0 2
0 3 0 3
a a cung phng
x ta x t a
he y ta y t a a n t t vo nghiem
z ta z t a
,
( , )

+ = +

+ = +


+ = +


r r


0 0 0 0
a a cu ng phng
M x y z d
,
( ; ; )

r r

0 0
a a cung phng
a M M khong cung phng
,
,

r r
uuuuuur
r

[ ]
0 0
0
0
a a
a M M
,
,
=




r
r r
uuuuuur
r
r

d d
0 1 0 1
0 2 0 2
0 3 0 3
x ta x t a
he y ta y t a an t t co vo so nghiem
z ta z t a
( , )
+ = +

+ = +

+ = +



0 0 0 0
a a cu ng phng
M x y z d
,
( ; ; )

r r

0 0
a a M M o i mot cung phng , ,
uuuuuur
r r

[ ]
0 0
0 a a a M M , ,

= =

uuuuuur
r
r r r

d, d cat nhau he
0 1 0 1
0 2 0 2
0 3 0 3
x ta x t a
y ta y t a
z ta z t a
+ = +

+ = +

+ = +

(an t, t) co ung mot nghiem



0 0
a a kho ng cung phng
a a M M ong pha ng
,
, ,

r r
uuuuuur
r r

[ ]
[ ]
0 0
0
0
a a
a a M M
,
, .

r
r r
uuuuuur
r r

d, d cheo nhau
0 1 0 1
0 2 0 2
0 3 0 3
a a kho ng cung phng
x ta x t a
he y ta y t a a n t t vo nghiem
z ta z t a
,
( , )

+ = +

+ = +


+ = +


r r


0 0
a a M M khong o ng phang , ,
uuuuuur
r r
[ ]
0 0
0 a a M M , .
uuuuuur
r r

d ^ d a a ^
r r
0 a a . =
r r

I. PHtONG THNH tONG THANG
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 45
3. V tr tng oi gia mot ng thang va mot mat phang
Cho mat phang (a): 0 Ax By Cz D + + + = va ng thang d:
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x ta
y y ta
z z ta
= +

= +

= +


Xet phng trnh:
0 1 0 2 0 3
0 A x ta B y ta C z ta D ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + + + + = (an t) (*)
d // (a) (*) vo nghiem
d cat (a) (*) co ung mot nghiem
d (a) (*) co vo so nghiem
4. V tr tng oi gia mot ng thang va mot mat cau
Cho ng thang d:
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x ta
y y ta
z z ta
= +

= +

= +

(1) va mat cau (S):


2 2 2 2
x a y b z c R ( ) ( ) ( ) - + - + - = (2)
e xet VTT cua d va (S) ta thay (1) vao (2), c mot phng trnh (*).
d va (S) khong co iem chung (*) vo nghiem d(I, d) > R
d tiep xuc vi (S) (*) co ung mot nghiem d(I, d) = R
d cat (S) tai hai iem phan biet (*) co hai nghiem phan bie t d(I, d) < R
5. Khoang cach t mot iem en mot ng thang (chng trnh nang cao)
Cho ng thang d i qua M
0
va co VTCP a
r
va iem M.

0
M M a
d M d
a
,
( , )


=
uuuuur
r
r

6. Khoang cach gia hai ng thang cheo nhau (chng trnh nang cao)
Cho hai ng thang cheo nhau d
1
va d
2
.
d
1
i qua iem M
1
va co VTCP
1
a
r
, d
2
i qua iem M
2
va co VTCP
2
a
r


1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2
a a M M
d d d
a a
, .
( , )
,


=


uuuuuur
r r
r r

Chu y: Khoang cach gia hai ng thang che o nhau d
1
, d
2
bang khoang cach gia d
1
v i
mat phang (a) cha d
2
va song song vi d
1
.
7. Khoang cach gia mot ng thang va mot mat phang song song
Khoang cach gia ng thang d vi mat phang (a) song song vi no bang khoang cach t
mot iem M bat k tren d en mat phang (a).
8. Goc gia hai ng thang
Cho hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
lan lt co cac VTCP
1 2
a a ,
r r
.
Goc gia d
1
, d
2
bang hoac bu vi goc gia
1 2
a a ,
r r
.

( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
a a
a a
a a
.
cos ,
.
=
r r
r r
r r

9. Goc gia mot ng thang va mot mat phang
Cho ng thang d co VTCP
1 2 3
a a a a ( ; ; ) =
r
va mat phang (a) co VTPT n A B C ( ; ; ) =
r
.
Goc gia ng thang d va mat phang (a) bang goc gia ng thang d vi hnh chieu d cua
no tren (a).

( )
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3
Aa Ba Ca
d
A B C a a a
sin ,( )
.
a
+ +
=
+ + + +

PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 46
VAN E 1: Lap phng trnh ng thang
e lap phng trnh ng thang d ta can xac nh mot iem thuoc d va mot VTCP cua no.
Dang 1: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va co VTCP
1 2 3
a a a a ( ; ; ) =
r
:

1
2
3
o
o
o
x x a t
d y y a t t R
z z a t
( ) : ( )
= +

= +

= +


Dang 2: d i qua hai iem A, B:
Mot VTCP cua d la AB
uuur
.
Dang 3: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va song song vi ng thang D cho trc:
V d // D nen VTCP cua D cung la VTCP cua d.
Dang 4: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va vuong goc vi mat phang (P) cho trc:
V d ^ (P) nen VTPT cua (P) cung la VTCP cua d.
Dang 5: d la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P), (Q):
Cach 1: Tm mot iem va mot VTCP.
Tm toa o mot ie m A d: bang cach giai he phng trnh
P
Q
( )
( )

(vi viec chon gia tr


cho mot an)
Tm mot VTCP cua d:
P Q
a n n , =

r r r

Cach 2: Tm hai iem A, B thuoc d, roi viet phng trnh ng thang i qua hai ie m o.
Dang 6: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va vuong goc vi hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
:
V d ^ d
1
, d ^ d
2
nen mot VTCP cua d la:
1 2
d d
a a a , =

r r r

Dang 7: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) , vuong goc va cat ng thang D.
Cach 1: Goi H la hnh chieu vuong goc cua M
0
tren ng thang D.

0
H
M H u
D

^
V
uuuuur
r

Khi o ng thang d la ng thang i qua M
0
, H.
Cach 2: Goi (P) la mat phang i qua A va vuo ng goc vi d; (Q) la mat phang i qua A va
cha d. Khi o d = (P) (Q)
Dang 8: d i qua iem
0 0 0 0
M x y z ( ; ; ) va cat hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
:
Cach 1: Goi M
1
d
1
, M
2
d
2
. T ieu kien M, M
1
, M
2
thang hang ta tm c M
1
, M
2
. T
o suy ra phng trnh ng thang d.
Cach 2: Goi (P) =
0 1
M d ( , ) , (Q) =
0 2
M d ( , ) . Khi o d = (P) (Q). Do o, mo t VTCP cua d
co the chon la
P Q
a n n , =

r r r
.
Dang 9: d nam trong mat phang (P) va cat ca hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
:
Tm cac giao iem A = d
1
(P), B = d
2
(P). Khi o d chnh la ng thang AB.
Dang 10: d song song vi D va cat ca hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
:
Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha D va d
1
, mat phang (Q) cha D va d
2
.
Khi o d = (P) (Q).
Dang 11: d la ng vuong goc chung cua hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
cheo nhau:
Cach 1: Goi M d
1
, N d
2
. T ieu kien
1
2
MN d
MN d
^

, ta tm c M, N.
Khi o, d la ng thang MN.
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 47
Cach 2:
V d ^ d
1
va d ^ d
2
nen mot VTCP cua d co the la:
1 2
d d
a a a , =

r r r
.
Lap phng trnh mat phang (P) cha d va d
1
, bang cach:
+ Lay mot iem A tren d
1
.
+ Mot VTPT cua (P) co the la:
1
P d
n a a , =

r r r
.
Tng t lap phng trnh mat phang (Q) cha d va d
2
.
Khi o d = (P) (Q).
Dang 12: d la hnh chieu cua ng thang D len mat phang (P):
Lap phng trnh mat phang (Q) cha D va vuong goc vi mat phang (P) bang cach:
Lay M D.
V (Q) cha D va vuong goc vi (P) nen
Q P
n a n ,
D
=

r r r
.
Khi o d = (P) (Q).
Dang 13: d i qua iem M, vuong goc vi d
1
va cat d
2
:
Cach 1: Goi N la giao iem cua d va d
2
. T ieu kien MN ^ d
1
, ta tm c N.
Khi o, d la ng thang MN.
Cach 2:
Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) qua M va vuong goc vi d
1
.
Viet phng trnh mat phang (Q) cha M va d
2
.
Khi o d = (P) (Q).


Bai 1. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem M va co VTCP a
r
cho trc:
a) M a (1; 2; 3), ( 1;3; 5) - = -
r
b) M a (0; 2; 5), (0;1; 4) - =
r
c) M a (1;3; 1), (1; 2; 1) - = -
r

d) M a (3; 1; 3), (1; 2; 0) - - = -
r
e) M a (3; 2; 5), ( 2; 0; 4) - = -
r
f) M a (4;3; 2), ( 3; 0; 0) - = -
r

Bai 2. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua hai iem A, B cho trc:
a) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 1 2 4 A , B ; ; ; ; - b) ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 0 1 2 A , B ; ; ; ; - c) ( ) ( ) 3 1 5 2 1 1 A , B ; ; ; ; - -
d) ( ) ( ) 2 1 0 0 1 2 A , B ; ; ; ; e) ( ) ( ) 1 2 7 1 2 4 A , B ; ; ; ; - f) ( ) ( ) 2 1 3 4 2 2 A , B ; ; ; ; - -
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A va song song vi ng thang
D cho trc:
a) ( ) 3 2 4 A , Ox ; ; D - b) ( ) 2 5 3 5 3 2 2 1 2 A i qua M N ; ; , ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) D - -
c)
2 3
2 5 3 3 4
5 2
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
= -

- = +

= -

d)
2 5 2
4 2 2
4 2 3
x y z
A( ; ; ), : D
+ - -
- = =
e)
3 4
1 3 2 2 2
3 1
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
= +

- = -

= -

f)
3 1 2
5 2 3
2 3 4
x y z
A( ; ; ), : D
+ - +
- = =
Bai 4. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A va vuong goc vi mat phang
(P) cho trc:
a) ( ) 2 4 3 2 3 6 19 0 A , (P) x y z ; ; : - - + + = b) ( ) 1 1 0 A , P ca c mp toa o ; ; ( ) : -
c) ( ) 3 2 1 2 5 4 0 A P x y ; ; , ( ) : - + = d) 2 3 6 2 3 6 19 0 A P x y z ( ; ; ), ( ) : - - + + =
Bai 5. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang la giao tuyen cua hai mat phang (P), (Q)
cho trc:
a)
6 2 2 3 0
3 5 2 1 0
P x y z
Q x y z
( ) :
( ) :
+ + + =

- - - =

b)
2 3 3 4 0
2 3 0
P x y z
Q x y z
( ) :
( ) :
- + - =

+ - + =

c)
3 3 4 7 0
6 2 6 0
P x y z
Q x y z
( ) :
( ) :
+ - + =

+ + - =


PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 48
d)
2 3 0
1 0
P x y z
Q x y z
( ) :
( ) :
+ - + =

+ + - =

e)
1 0
2 0
P x z
Q y
( ) :
( ) :
+ - =

- =

f)
2 1 0
1 0
P x y z
Q x z
( ) :
( ) :
+ + - =

+ - =


Bai 6. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A va vuong goc vi hai ng
thang d
1
, d
2
cho trc:
a)
1 2
1 2 1
1 0 5 3 2 2
1 1 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = -

= - = +

= + = -

b)
1 2
1 1 3
2 1 1 2 2
3 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = +

- = - + = - +

= = +


c)
1 2
1 1
1 2 3 2 2 2
3 3 3
x t x
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= - =

- = - - = - +

= - = +

d)
1 2
7 3 1
4 1 4 4 2 9 2
4 3 12
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= - + = +

= - = - +

= + = - -


e)
1 2
1 3 2
2 1 3 1 3 4
2 2 2
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + =

- - = + = - +

= - + = -

f)
1 2
3 1 4 1 1 2
2 0
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z
( ; ; ), : , :
= =

- = - = -

= - =


Bai 7. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A, vuong goc va cat ng
thang D cho trc:
a) 1 2 2 1
2
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
=

- = -

b)
3 2
4 2 4 1
1 4
x t
A d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= - +

- - = -

= - +


c)
1 3
2 1 3 1
2 2
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
= +

- - = +

= - +

d) 3 1 4 1
2
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
=

- = -

= -


e)
1
1 2 3 2 2
3 3
x t
A y t
z t
( ; ; ), : D
= -

- = - -

= -

f)
1
2 1 1 2
3
x t
A y t
z
( ; ; ), : D
= +

- = - +


Bai 8. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A va cat ca hai ng thang d
1
,
d
2
cho trc:
a)
1 2
1 2 1
1 0 5 3 2 2
1 1 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = -

= - = +

= + = -

b)
1 2
1 1 3
2 1 1 2 2
3 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = +

- = - + = - +

= = +


c)
1 2
1 3 2 2
4 5 3 3 2 1 3
2 1 5
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= - + = +

- - = - - = - +

= - = -

d)
1 2
1 3
2 1 1 2 4
3 5 2
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = -

- = - + =

= - + =


e)
1 2
2 4 3
2 3 1 1 2 1
1 3 2 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= + = - +

- = - = +

= + = - +

f)
1 2
3 3 3 2
3 2 5 1 4 1
2 2 2 3
x t x t
A d y t d y t
z t z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= - + = +

- = + = -

= + = -


Bai 9. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang nam trong mat phang (P) va cat ca hai
ng thang d
1
, d
2
cho trc:
a)
1 2
2 0
2
1
4 2
1 1 4
1
P y z
x t
x y z
d d y t
z
( ) :
: , :
+ =

= -
-

= = = +

-

=

b)
1 2
6 2 2 3 0
1 2 1
3 2 2
1 1 3
P x y z
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
( ) :
: , :
+ + + =

= + = -

= - = +


= + = -


c)
1 2
2 3 3 4 0
7 3 1
4 2 9 2
4 3 12
P x y z
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
( ) :
: , :
- + - =

= - + = +

= - = - +


= + = - -

d)
1 2
3 3 4 7 0
1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
P x y z
x t x
d y t d y t
z t z t
( ) :
: , :
+ - + =

= - =

= - - = - +


= - = +



Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 49
Bai 10. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang song song vi ng thang D va cat ca hai
ng thang d
1
, d
2
cho trc:
a)
1
2
1 1
2 1 2
1 1
1 2 1
2 1 3
3 2 1
x y z
x y z
d
x y z
d
:
:
:
D
- -
= =

+ -
= =
-

- + +

= =

b)
1
2
1 5
3 1 1
1 2 2
1 4 3
4 7
5 9 1
x y z
x y z
d
x y z
d
:
:
:
D
- -
= =

- + -
= =

+ +

= =


c)
1
2
1 2 2
:
1 4 3
1 2 2
:
1 4 3
4 7
:
5 9 1
- + -
D = =

- + -
= =

+ +
= =

x y z
x y z
d
x y z
d
d)
1
2
1 3 2
3 2 1
2 2 1
3 4 1
7 3 9
1 2 1
x y z
x y z
d
x y z
d
:
:
:
D
+ + -
= =

- -

- + -
= =

- - -

= =

-

Bai 11. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang vuong goc chung cua hai ng thang cheo
nhau d
1
, d
2
cho trc:
a)
1 2
3 2 2 3
1 4 4
2 4 1 2
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
: , :
= - = +

= + = -

= - + = -

b)
1 2
1 2 2 3
3 1 2
2 3 4 4
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
: , :
= + = - +

= - + = +

= + = - +


c)
1 2
2 2 1
1 3
3 1 2
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
: , :
= + = +

= + = +

= - = +

d)
1 2
2 3 1 2
3 1 2
1 2 2
x t x t
d y t d y t
z t z t
: , :
= + = - +

= - - = -

= + = +


Bai 12. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang d la hnh chieu cua ng thang D tren mat
phang (P) cho trc:
a)
2 3 1
2 1 3
2 2 3 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
+ - -
= =

- + + =

b)
3 2 2
1 2 3
3 4 2 3 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
- - +
= =

+ - + =


c)
1 1 3
1 2 2
2 2 3 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
+ - -
= =

- + - =

d)
1
2 1 1
1 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
-
= =

+ - + =


e)
2 2 1
3 4 1
2 3 4 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
- + -
= =

+ + + =

f)
1 2
1 2 1
2 3 5 0
x y z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
- -
= =

- -

- - + =


g)
5 4 2 5 0
2 2 0
2 1 0
x y z
x z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
- - - =


+ - =

- + - =

h)
1 0
2 2 0
2 1 0
x y z
x z
P x y z
:
( ) :
D
- - - =


+ - =

+ - - =


Bai 13. Viet phng trnh tham so cua ng thang i qua iem A, vuong goc vi ng thang
d
1
va cat ng thang d
2
cho trc:
a)
1 2
1
1 2
0 1 1
3 1 1
1
x
x y z
A d d y t
z t
( ; ; ), : , :
= -
- -
= = =

= +


b)
1 2
2
1 1
1 1 1 1 2
2 1 1
1
x
x y z
A d d y t
z t
( ; ; ), : , :
=
- +
= = = +
-

= - -


c)
1 2
1 4 1 1 3
1 2 3
6 2 3 3 2 5
x y z x y z
A d d ( ; ; ), : , :
+ - - + -
- - = = = =
- - -

PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 50
Bai 14. Cho t dien ABCD co A(1; 0; 0), B(0; 1; 0), C(0; 0; 1); D(1; 1; 1). Viet phng trnh tham
so cua cac ng thang sau:
a) Cha cac canh cua t dien t dien ABCD.
b) ng thang qua C va vuong goc vi mp(ABD).
c) ng thang qua A va qua trong tam cua tam giac BCD.
Bai 15. Cho tam giac ABC co A(1; 2; 5) va hai trung tuyen:
1
3
2
6
2
3
: ) (
1
-
=
-
=
-
- z y x
d ,
1
2
4
2
1
4
: ) (
2
-
=
-
-
=
- z y x
d . Viet phng trnh tham so cua cac ng thang sau:
a) Cha cac canh cua tam giac ABC.
b) ng phan giac trong cua goc A.
Bai 16. Cho tam giac ABC co 3 1 1 1 2 7 5 14 3 A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - - . Viet phng trnh tham so cua
cac ng thang sau:
a) Trung tuyen AM. b) ng cao BH.
c) ng phan giac trong BK. d) ng trung trc cua BC trong DABC.
Bai 17. Cho bon iem 1 2 1 3 4 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 S A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - .
a) Chng minh S.ABC la mot hnh chop.
b) Viet phng trnh tham so cua cac ng thang cha cac canh cua hnh chop.
c) Viet phng trnh ng vuong goc chung cua SA va BC.
Bai 18. Cho bon iem 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 5 S A B C ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - - - .
a) Chng minh S.ABC la mot t dien.
b) Viet phng trnh cac hnh chieu cua SA, SB tren mat phang (ABC).






Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 51
VAN E 2: V tr tng oi gia hai ng thang
e xet VTT gia hai ng thang, ta co the s dung mot trong cac phng phap sau:
Phng phap hnh hoc: Da vao moi quan he gia cac VTCP va cac iem thuoc cac ng
thang.
Phng phap ai so: Da vao so nghiem cua he phng trnh cac ng thang.

Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi gia hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
cho trc:
a) {
1 2
1 2 4
1 2 3
2 1 3
x y z
d d x t y t z t : ; : ; ;
- + -
= = = - + = - = - +
-

b) { {
1 2
5 2 1 5 3 2 3 1 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = + = - = - = + = - - = -
c) { {
1 2
2 2 1 1 1 1 3 d x t y t z d x y t z t : ; ; ; : ; ; = + = - + = = = + = -
d)
1 2
1 2 3 7 6 5
9 6 3 6 4 2
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - - -
= = = =
e)
1 2
1 5 3 6 1 3
2 1 4 3 2 1
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - - + +
= = = =
f)
1 2
2 1 7 2
4 6 8 6 9 12
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - -
= = = =
- - -

g)
1 2
2 2 2 0 2 2 0
2 2 4 0 2 1 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = + - + =

+ - + = - + - =


h) {
1 2
2 3 3 9 0
9 5 3
2 3 0
x y z
d x t y t z t d
x y z
: ; ; ; :
- - - =
= = = -

- + + =


Bai 2. Chng to rang cac cap ng thang sau ay cheo nhau. Viet phng trnh ng vuong
goc chung cua chung:
a) { {
1 2
1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - - = = + = -
b) { {
1 2
1 2 2 2 2 5 3 4 d x t y t z t d x t y t z : ; ; ; : '; '; = + = - = - = = - =
c) { {
1 2
3 2 1 4 4 2 2 3 4 1 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - = + = - = -
d)
1 2
2 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 2 4
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - +
= = = =
-

e)
1 2
7 3 9 3 1 1
1 2 1 7 2 3
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - - -
= = = =
- -

f)
1 2
2 1 3 3 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 1
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - + -
= = = =
- -

g)
1 2
2 2 2 0 2 2 0
2 2 4 0 2 1 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = + - + =

+ - + = - + - =


Bai 3. Tm giao iem cua hai ng thang d
1
va d
2
:
a) { {
1 2
3 1 2 3 1 2 4 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = = - = + = + = = +
b) {
1 2
3 0
1 2 3
2 1 0
x y z
d d x t y t z t
x y
: ; : ; ;
+ + + =
= + = - + = -

- + =


c)
1 2
2 4 0 2 0
2 6 0 2 7 0
x y z x z
d d
x y z y z
: ; :
- - - = - - =

+ + + = + + =


d)
1 2
2 1 0 3 3 0
1 0 2 1 0
x y x y z
d d
x y z x y
: ; :
+ + = + - + =

- + - = - + =



PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 52
Bai 4. Tm m e hai ng thang d
1
va d
2
cat nhau. Khi o tm toa o giao iem cua chung:
a) { {
1 2
1 1 2 1 2 2 3 d x mt y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = + = = - + = - = + = -
b) {
{
1 2
1 3 2 2 1 2 3 d x t y t z m t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : ' ; '; ' = - = + = + = + = + = -
c)
1 2
2 4 0 2 3 0
3 0 2 6 0
x y z x y mz
d d
x y x y z
: ; :
+ - - = + + - =

+ - = + + - =




VAN E 3: V tr tng oi gia ng thang va mat phang
e xet VTT gia ng thang va mat phang, ta co the s dung mot trong cac phng phap sau:
Phng phap hnh hoc: Da vao moi quan he gia VTCP cua ng thang va VTPT cua
mat phang.
Phng phap ai so: Da vao so nghiem cua he phng trnh ng thang va mat phang.

Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi gia ng thang d va mat phang (P). Tm giao iem (neu co) cua
chung:
a) { 2 1 3 10 0 d x t y t z t P x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = = - = + + + - =
b) { 3 2 1 4 4 5 4 3 6 5 0 d x t y t z t P x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = - = - - - - =
c)
12 9 1
3 5 2 0
4 3 1
x y z
d P x y z : ; ( ) :
- - -
= = + - - =
d)
11 3
3 3 2 5 0
2 4 3
x y z
d P x y z : ; ( ) :
+ -
= = - + - =
e)
13 1 4
2 4 1 0
8 2 3
x y z
d P x y z : ; ( ) :
- - -
= = + - + =
f)
3 5 7 16 0
5 4 0
2 6 0
x y z
d P x z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
+ + + =
- - =

- + - =


g)
2 3 6 10 0
4 17 0
5 0
x y z
d P y z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
+ + - =
+ + =

+ + + =


Bai 2. Cho ng thang d va mat phang (P). Tm m, n e:
i) d cat (P). ii) d // (P). iii) d ^ (P). iv) d (P).
a)
1 2 3
3 2 5 0
2 1 2
x y z
d P x y z
m m
: ; ( ) :
- + +
= = + - - =
-

b)
1 3 1
3 2 5 0
2 2
x y z
d P x y z
m m
: ; ( ) :
+ - -
= = + + - =
-

c)
3 2 3 0
2 3 2 0
4 3 4 2 0
x y z
d P x y m z
x y z
: ; ( ) : ( )
- + + =
- + + - =

- + + =


d) { 3 4 1 4 3 1 2 4 9 0 d x t y t z t P m x y z n : ; ; ; ( ) : ( ) = + = - = - + - + - + - =
e) { 3 2 5 3 2 2 2 3 3 5 0 d x t y t z t P m x n y z : ; ; ; ( ) : ( ) ( ) = + = - = - + + + + - =
Bai 3. Cho ng thang d va mat phang (P). Tm m, n e:
a) { 2 3 d x m t y t z t : ; ; = + = - = ct 2 5 0 P x y z ( ) : - + - = tai iem co tung o bang 3.
b)
2 3 0
2 5 0
x y
d
y z
:
- - =

+ + =

cat 2 2 2 0 P x y z m ( ) : + + - = tai iem co cao o bang 1.


c)
2 3 0
3 2 7 0
x y
d
x z
:
+ - =

- - =

ct 0 P x y z m ( ) : + + + =
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 53
VAN E 4: V tr tng oi gia ng thang va mat cau
e xet VTT gia ng thang va mat cau ta co the s dung cac phng phap sau:
Phng phap hnh hoc: Da vao khoang cach t tam mat cau en ng thang va ban knh.
Phng phap ai so: Da vao so nghiem cua he phng trnh ng thang va mat cau.

Bai 1. Xet v tr tng oi gia ng thang d va ma t cau (S). Tm giao iem (neu co) cua
chung:
a)
2 2 2
1 2
2 4 1 0
2 1 1
x y z
d S x y z x z : ; ( ) :
- -
= = + + - + + =
-

b)
2 2 2 2 1 0
1 2 16
2 3 0
x y z
d S x y z
x z
: ; ( ) : ( ) ( )
+ - - =
- + - + =

- - =


c)
2 2 2 2 1 0
2 2 14 0
2 0
x y z
d S x y z x y
x y
: ; ( ) :
- - - =
+ + - + - =

+ + =


d)
2 2 2 2 1 0
4 2 10 8 0
2 0
x y z
d S x y z x y z
x y
: ; ( ) :
- - - =
+ + + - - - =

+ + =


e) {
2 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 2 0 d x t y t z t S x y z x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - - = = - + + - - + - =
f) {
2 2 2
1 2 2 3 2 4 6 2 0 d x t y t z t S x y z x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = + = + + + - - + - =
g) {
2 2 2
1 2 4 2 4 6 2 0 d x t y t z S x y z x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = - = + + - - + - =
Bai 2. Bien luan theo m, v tr tng oi gia ng thang d va mat cau (S):
a)
2 2 2 2 0
1 2 1 8
2 0
x y z m
d S x y z
x y
: ; ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( )
- - + =
- + - + + =

+ + =


b) {
2 2 2
1 2 2 4 1 0 d x t y m t z t S x y z x z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = + = + + + - + + =
c)
2 2 2 2 3 0
2 2 4 0
2 1 0
x y
d S x y z x y z m
x z
: ; ( ) :
- - =
+ + + - + + =

+ - =


Bai 3. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co tam I va tiep xuc vi ng thang d:
a) { 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 4 2 I d x t y t z t ( ; ; ); : ; ; - = + = - = -
b) { 1 2 1 1 2 2 I d x t y z t ( ; ; ); : ; ; - = - = =
c)
2 1 1
4 2 1
2 1 2
x y z
I d ( ; ; ); :
- + -
- = =
d)
1 2
1 2 1
2 1 3
x y z
I d ( ; ; ); :
- -
- = =
-

e)
2 1 0
1 2 1
1 0
x y
I d
z
( ; ; ); :
- - =
-

- =


Bai 4. Cho mat cau (S) co tam I(2; 1; 3) va ban knh R = 3. Viet phng trnh tiep tuyen d cua
(S), biet:
a) d i qua A(0; 0; 5) (S) va co VTCP 1 2 2 a ( ; ; ) =
r
.
b) d i qua A(0; 0; 5) (S) va vuong goc vi mat phang: 3 2 2 3 0 x y z ( ) : . a - + + =
Bai 5. Cho t dien ABCD. Viet phng trnh mat cau tiep xuc vi cac canh cua t dien, vi:
a) A(1; 1; 1), B(3; 3; 1), C(3; 1; 3), D(1; 3; 3).
b) A(1; 0; 2), B(2; 1; 1), C(0; 2; 1), D(1; 3; 0).
c) A(3; 2; 1), B(1; 2; 1), C(2; 2; 2), D(1; 1; 1).
d) A(1; 0; 11), B(0; 1; 10), C(1; 1; 8), D(3; 1; 2).

PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 54
VAN E 5: Khoang cach
1. Khoang cach t iem M en ng thang d
Cach 1: Cho ng thang d i qua M
0
va co VTCP a
r
.

0
M M a
d M d
a
,
( , )


=
uuuuur
r
r

Cach 2: Tm hnh chieu vuong goc H cua M tren ng thang d.
d(M,d) = MH.
Cach 3: Goi N(x; y; z) d. Tnh MN
2
theo t (t tham so trong phng trnh ng thang d).
Tm t e MN
2
nho nhat.
Khi o N H. Do o d(M,d) = MH.
2. Khoang cach gia hai ng thang cheo nhau
Cho hai ng thang cheo nhau d
1
va d
2
.
d
1
i qua iem M
1
va co VTCP
1
a
r
, d
2
i qua iem M
2
va co VTCP
2
a
r


1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2
a a M M
d d d
a a
, .
( , )
,


=


uuuuuur
r r
r r

Chu y: Khoang cach gia hai ng thang che o nhau d
1
, d
2
bang khoang cach gia d
1
v i
mat phang (a) cha d
2
va song song vi d
1
.
3. Khoang cach gia hai ng tha ng song song bang khoang cach t mot iem thuoc ng
thang nay en ng thang kia.
4. Khoang cach gia mot ng thang va mot mat phang song song
Khoang cach gia ng thang d vi mat phang (a) song song vi no bang khoang cach t
mot iem M bat k tren d en mat phang (a).

Bai 1. Tnh khoang cach t iem A en ng thang d:
a)
1 4
2 3 1 2 2
4 1
x t
A d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= -

= +

= -

b)
2 2
1 2 6 1
3
x t
A d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= +

- = -

= -


c)
2 1
1 0 0
1 2 1
x y z
A d ( ; ; ), :
- -
= = d)
2 1 1
2 3 1
1 2 2
x y z
A d ( ; ; ), :
+ - +
= =
-

e)
2 1 1
1 11
1 2 2
x y z
A d ( ; ; ), :
+ - +
- = =
-
f)
2 1 0
2 3 1
3 2 2 0
x y z
A d
x y z
( ; ; ), :
+ - - =
-

+ + + =


Bai 2. Chng minh hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
cheo nhau. Tnh khoang cach gia chung:
a) { {
1 2
1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - - = = + = -
b) { {
1 2
1 2 2 2 2 5 3 4 d x t y t z t d x t y t z : ; ; ; : '; '; = + = - = - = = - =
c) { {
1 2
3 2 1 4 4 2 2 3 4 1 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - = + = - = -
d)
1 2
2 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 2 4
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - +
= = = =
-

e)
1 2
7 3 9 3 1 1
1 2 1 7 2 3
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - - -
= = = =
- -

f)
1 2
2 1 3 3 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 1
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - + -
= = = =
- -

g)
1 2
2 2 2 0 2 2 0
2 2 4 0 2 1 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = + - + =

+ - + = - + - =


Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 55
Bai 3. Chng minh hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
song song vi nhau. Tnh khoang cach gia chung:
a) { {
1 2
3 2 4 3 2 4 4 5 6 3 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : , , ; : , , = + = + = + = + = + = +
b)
1 2
1 2 3 2 3 1
2 6 8 3 9 12
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - + - +
= = = =
- - -

c)
1 1
3 1 2 1 5 1
2 1 3 4 2 6
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - + + + -
= = = =
d)
1 2
7 5 9
2 2 10 0
22 0
3 1 4
x y z
x y z
d d
x y z
: ; :
+ - - + - - =
= =

- - - =
-


Bai 4. Chng minh ng thang d song song vi mat phang (P). Tnh khoang cach gia chung:
a) { 3 2 1 4 4 5 4 3 6 5 0 d x t y t z t P x y z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = - = - - - - =
b) { 1 2 2 2 8 0 d x t y t z t P x z : ; ; ; ( ) : = - = = + + + =
c)
2 1 0
2 2 4 5 0
2 3 0
x y z
d P x y z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
- + + =
- + + =

+ - - =


d)
3 2 3 0
2 2 2 0
4 3 4 2 0
x y z
d P x y z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
- + + =
- - - =

- + + =




VAN E 6: Goc
1. Goc gia hai ng thang
Cho hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
lan lt co cac VTCP
1 2
a a ,
r r
.
Goc gia d
1
, d
2
bang hoac bu vi goc gia
1 2
a a ,
r r
.

( )
1 2
1 2
1 2
a a
a a
a a
.
cos ,
.
=
r r
r r
r r

2. Goc gia mot ng thang va mot mat phang
Cho ng thang d co VTCP
1 2 3
a a a a ( ; ; ) =
r
va mat phang (a) co VTPT n A B C ( ; ; ) =
r
.
Goc gia ng thang d va mat phang (a) bang goc gia ng thang d vi hnh chieu d cua
no tren (a).

( )
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3
Aa Ba Ca
d
A B C a a a
sin ,( )
.
a
+ +
=
+ + + +


Bai 1. Tnh goc gia hai ng thang:
a) { {
1 2
1 2 1 3 4 2 1 3 4 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : , , ; : , , = + = + = + = = + = +
b)
1 2
1 2 4 2 3 4
2 1 2 3 6 2
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - + - +
= = = =
- -

c) {
1 2
2 3 3 9 0
9 5 3
2 3 0
x y z
d d x t y t z t
x y z
: ; : ; ;
- - - =
= = = +

- + + =


d) {
1 2
2 2 0
2 3 1 4
7 3 17 0
x z
d d x t y z t
x y z
: ; : ; ;
- + =
= + = =

- + - =


e)
1 2
1 2 2
2 1 0
2 3 2 0
3 1 4
x y z
x y z
d d
x z
: ; :
- + + + - - =
= =

+ - =


f)
1
3 1 2
2 1 1
x y z
d :
+ - -
= = va d
2
la cac truc toa o.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 56
g)
1 2
4 0 2 3 1 0
2 1 0 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = - + - =

- + + = + + =


h)
1 2
2 3 4 0 2 3 0
3 2 7 0 4 3 7 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = + - + =

+ - + = - + + =


Bai 2. Chng minh hai ng thang sau vuong goc vi nhau:
a)
1 2
7 2 15 0 7 0
7 5 34 0 3 4 11 0
x z x y z
d d
y z x y
: ; :
- - = - - - =

+ + = - - =


b)
Bai 3. Tm m e goc gia hai ng thang sau bang a:
a) { {
0
1 2
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 60 d x t y t z t d x t y t z mt : ; ; ; : ; ; ; a = - + = - = + = + = + = + = .
b)

Bai 4. Tnh goc gia ng thang d va mat phang (P)::
a)
1 1 3
2 2 10 0
1 2 3
x y z
d P x y z : ; ( ) :
- - +
= = =
-
.
b) {
4 4
1 2 5 3 5 4 0 d x y t z t P x z : ; ; ; ( ) : = = + = + + + =
c)
4 2 7 0
3 1 0
3 7 2 0
x y z
d P x y z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
+ - + =
+ + =

+ - =


d)
2 3 0
3 4 2 5 0
2 3 5 0
x y z
d P x y z
x y z
: ; ( ) :
+ - + =
+ =

- + + =


Bai 5. Cho t dien ABCD co A(3; 2; 6), B(3; 1; 0), C(0; 7; 3), D(2; 1; 1).
a) Chng minh cac cap canh oi cua t dien oi mot vuong goc vi nhau.
b) Tnh goc gia AD va mat phang (ABC).
c) Tnh goc gia AB va trung tuyen AM cua tam giac ACD.
d) Chng minh AB vuong goc vi mat phang (BCD). Tnh the tch cua t dien ABCD.
Bai 6. Cho t dien SABC co S(1; 2; 1), A(3; 2; 1), B(1; 3; 1), C(1; 2; 5).
a) Viet phng trnh cua cac mat phang (ABC), (SAB), (SAC).
b) Tnh goc tao bi SC va (ABC) va goc tao bi SC va AB.
c) Tnh cac khoang cach t C en (SAB) va t B en (SAC).
d) Tnh khoang cach t C en AB va khoang cach gia SA va BC.
Bai 7. Cho t dien SABC co S(1; 2; 3), A(2; 2; 3), B(1; 1; 3), C(1; 2; 5).
a) Tm phng trnh cac hnh chieu cua SA, SB tren mat phang (ABC).
b) Goi M, N, P lan lt la trung iem cua BC, CA, AB. Tnh goc tao bi SM va NP va goc
tao bi SM va (ABC).
c) Tnh cac khoang cach gia SM va NP, SP va MN.




Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 57
VAN E 7: Mot so van e khac
1. Viet phng trnh mat pha ng
Dang 1: Mat phang (P) i qua iem A va ng thang d:
Tren ng thang d lay hai iem B, C.
Mot VTPT cua (P) la: n AB AC ,

=

uuur uuur
r
.
Dang 2: Mat phang (P) cha hai ng thang song song d
1
, d
2
:
Xac nh VTCP a
r
cua d
1
(hoac d
2
).
Tren d
1
lay iem A, tren d
2
lay iem B. Suy ra A, B (P).
Mot VTPT cua (P) la: n a AB ,

=

uuur
r r
.
Dang 3: Mat phang (P) cha hai ng thang cat nhau d
1
, d
2
:
Lay iem A d
1
(hoac A d
2
) A (P).
Xac nh VTCP a
r
cua d
1
, b
r
cua d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (P) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Dang 4: Mat phang (P) cha ng thang d
1
va song song vi ng thang d
2
(d
1
, d
2
cheo
nhau):
Xac nh cac VTCP a b ,
r
r
cua cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (P) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
Lay mot iem M thuoc d
1
M (P).
Dang 5: Mat phang (P) i qua iem M va song song vi hai ng thang cheo nhau d
1
, d
2
:
Xac nh cac VTCP a b ,
r
r
cua cac ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
Mot VTPT cua (P) la: [ ] n a b , =
r
r r
.
2. Xac nh hnh chieu H cua mot iem M len ng thang d
Cach 1: Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) qua M va vuong goc vi d.
Khi o: H = d (P)
Cach 2: iem H c xac nh bi:
d
H d
MH a

uuuur
r

3. iem oi xng M' cua mot iem M qua ng thang d
Cach 1: Tm iem H la hnh chieu cua M tren d.
Xac nh iem M sao cho H la trung iem cua oan MM.
Cach 2: Goi H la trung iem cua oan MM. Tnh toa o iem H theo toa o cua M, M.
Khi o toa o cua iem M c xac nh bi:
d
MM a
H d
'

uuuuur
r
.
4. Xc nh hnh chieu H cua mot iem M len mat phang (P)
Cach 1: Viet phng trnh ng thang d qua M va vuong goc vi (P).
Khi o: H = d (P)
Cach 2: iem H c xac nh bi:
P
H P
MH n cung phng
( )
,

uuuur
r

5. iem oi xng M' cua mot iem M qua mat pha ng (P)
Cach 1: Tm iem H la hnh chieu cua M tren (P).
Xac nh iem M sao cho H la trung iem cua oan MM.
Cach 2: Goi H la trung iem cua oan MM. Tnh toa o iem H theo toa o cua M, M.
Khi o toa o cua iem M c xac nh bi:
P
H P
MH n cung phng
( )
,

uuuur
r
.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 58
Bai 1. Viet phng trnh cua mat phang (P) i qua iem A va ng thang d:
a)
4 2
2 3 1 2 3
3
x t
A d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= +

- = -

= +

b)
2
1 4 3 1 2
1 3
x t
A d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= -

- = - +

= -


c)
1 2 5
4 2 3
3 4 2
x y z
A d ( ; ; ), :
- + -
- = = d)
3 2 1
2 1 5
2 1 3
x y z
A d ( ; ; ), :
+ + -
- = =
e)
2 1 0
2 1 4
2 2 5 0
x y z
A d
x y z
( ; ; ), :
- + - =
-

+ + + =

f)
3 2 1 0
3 2 4
2 3 0
x y z
A d
x y z
( ; ; ), :
+ - + =
-

- + - =



Bai 2. Viet phng trnh cua mat phang (P) i qua hai ng thang song song d
1
, d
2
:
a) {
1 2
2 1 3
2 3 4 2 1
3 2 1
x y z
d x t y t z t d : ; ; ; :
+ - +
= + = + = - = =
b)
1 2
1 3 2 2 1 4
2 3 4 2 3 4
x y z x y z
d d : , :
- + - + - -
= = = =
c)
1 2
1 2 3 2 3 1
2 6 8 3 9 12
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - + - +
= = = =
- - -

d)
1 2
3 1 2 1 5 1
2 1 3 4 2 6
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - + + + -
= = = =
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh cua mat phang (P) i qua hai ng thang cat nhau d
1
, d
2
:
a) { {
1 2
3 1 2 3 1 2 4 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = = - = + = + = = +
b) {
1 2
3 0
1 2 3
2 1 0
x y z
d d x t y t z t
x y
: ; : ; ;
+ + + =
= + = - + = -

- + =


c)
1 2
2 4 0 2 0
2 6 0 2 7 0
x y z x z
d d
x y z y z
: ; :
- - - = - - =

+ + + = + + =


d)
1 2
2 1 0 3 3 0
1 0 2 1 0
x y x y z
d d
x y z x y
: ; :
+ + = + - + =

- + - = - + =


Bai 4. Cho hai ng thang cheo nhau d
1
, d
2
. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha d
1
va song
song vi d
2
:
a) { {
1 2
1 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - - = = + = -
b) { {
1 2
1 2 2 2 2 5 3 4 d x t y t z t d x t y t z : ; ; ; : '; '; = + = - = - = = - =
c) { {
1 2
3 2 1 4 4 2 2 3 4 1 2 d x t y t z t d x t y t z t : ; ; ; : '; '; ' = - = + = - = + = - = -
d)
1 2
2 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 2 4
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- + - +
= = = =
-

e)
1 2
7 3 9 3 1 1
1 2 1 7 2 3
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - - -
= = = =
- -

f)
1 2
2 1 3 3 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 1
x y z x y z
d d : ; :
- - - - + -
= = = =
- -

g)
1 2
2 2 2 0 2 2 0
2 2 4 0 2 1 0
x y z x y z
d d
x y z x y z
: ; :
- + - = + - + =

+ - + = - + - =


Bai 5. Tm toa o hnh chieu H cua iem M tren ng thang d va iem M oi xng vi M qua
ng thang d:
a)
2 2
1 2 6 1
3
x t
M d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= +

- = -

= -

b)
1 4
2 3 1 2 2
4 1
x t
M d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= -

= +

= -


Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 59
c)
2
2 1 3 1
1 2
x t
M d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
=

- = -

= - +

d)
2
1 2 1 1 2
3
x t
M d y t
z t
( ; ; ), :
= -

- = +


e)
1 2 2
1 2 1
2 1 2
x y z
M d ( ; ; ), :
- + -
- = = f)
1 2 3
2 5 2
2 2 1
x y z
M d ( ; ; ), :
+ + -
= =
-

g)
2 0
2 1 3
2 5 0
x y z
M d
x y z
( ; ; ), :
- - =
-

+ - - =

h)
4 0
2 1 3
2 2 0
y z
M d
x y z
( ; ; ), :
+ - =
-

- - + =


Bai 6. Tm toa o hnh chieu H cua iem M tren mat phang (P) va iem M oi xng vi M qua
mat phang (P):
a) 2 2 6 0 2 3 5 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - = - b) 5 14 0 1 4 2 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) + + - = - -
c) 6 2 3 12 0 3 1 2 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = - d) 2 4 4 3 0 2 3 4 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + + = -
e) 4 0 2 1 1 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - = - f) 3 2 0 1 2 4 P x y z M ( ) : , ( ; ; ) - + - =



BAI TAP ON PHNG TRNH NG THANG

Bai 1. Tm tren truc Ox iem M cach eu ng thang D:
2
2
2 1
1 +
= =
- z y x
va mat phang
2 2 0 x y z ( ) : a - - = .
Bai 2. Cho 2 iem A(1; 0; 0) va B(0; 2; 0). Viet phng trnh cua mp ) (a qua AB va tao vi
mp(Oxy) mot goc 60
0
.
Bai 3. Viet phng trnh cua ng thang (d) qua A(3; 1; 1) nam trong mp ) (a : x y + z 5 = 0
va hp vi ng thangD:
2 2
2
1
z y x
=
-
= mot goc
0
45 .
Bai 4. Goi ) (a la mat phang qua A(2; 0; 1) va B(2; 0; 5) va hp vi mp(Oxz) mot goc 45
0
.
Tnh khoang cach t O en mp ) (a .
Bai 5. Chng minh rang 2 ng thang
1
D :
4
5
3
2
2
1 -
=
-
+
=
- z y x
va
2
D :

- - =
+ =
+ =
t z
t y
t x
3 1
2 2
3 7
cung nam
trong mot mat phang. Viet phng trnh mat phang ay.
Bai 6. Cho hai iem A(1; 2; 1), B(7; 2; 3) va ng thang
1 2 2
3 2 2
x y z
d :
+ - -
= =
-

a) Chng minh rang ng thang d va ng thang AB cung thuoc mot mat phang.
b) Tm iem I thuoc d sao cho IA + IB nho nhat.
Bai 7. Trong khong gian Oxyz cho 4 iem A(1; 2; 3), B(2; 1; 0), C(1; 0; 2), D(0; 2; 3).
1) Chng minh ABCD la mot t dien. Tnh the tch t dien o.
2) Tm iem M sao cho : 2 2 3 0 MA MB MC MD + - + =
uuur uuur uuur uuuur
r
.
3) Xac nh toa o trong tam t dien ABCD.
4) Viet phng trnh mat phang trung trc cua cac oan thang AB, AC, BC.
5) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va vuong goc vi truc Oz.
6) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va B va vuong goc vi mat phang 2 3 0 x y z + = .
7) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va vuong goc vi hai mat phang 2x + 3y z = 0,
x + 2y 3z = 0.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 60
8) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va chan cac na truc dng Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt tai
cac iem I , J, K sao cho the tch t dien OIJK nho nhat.
9) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va chan cac na truc dng Ox, Oy, Oz lan lt tai
cac iem I , J, K sao cho OI + OJ + OK nho nhat.
10) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua C, song song vi truc Oy va vuong goc vi mat
phang x + 2y 3z = 0.
11) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va qua giao tuyen cua hai mat phang :
(P): x + y + z 4 =0, (Q):3x y + z 1 = 0.
12) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua A va cha ng thang :
1 3 1
3 4 2
x y z - - +
= =
-
.
13) Tm iem A oi xng vi iem A qua ng thang d:
2 1 1
3 2 1
x y z + + -
= = va tnh khoang
cach t A en ng thang d:
3 3 0
2 3 1 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

- - + =


14) Tm tren truc Oz iem M cach eu iem A va mat phang (P): x + 3y + 2 = 0.
15) Viet phng trnh ng thang qua A, song song vi mat phang (P): x y z 4 = 0 va
vuong goc vi ng thang D:
1 3 1
2 1 3
x y z + - -
= = .
16) Viet phng trnh ng thang qua A vuong goc va cat ng thang: 3
2 4
x y
z = = + .
17) Tm iem P thuoc mat phang (P): 2x 3y z +2 = 0 sao cho PA+PB nho nhat.
18) Chng minh rang ng thang AB va ng thang d :
3 1
3 1 3
x y z - -
= = cung thuoc mot
mat phang. Tm iem N thuoc d sao cho NA + NB nho nhat.
19) Viet phng trnh ng thang qua A, vuong goc vi ng thang:
3 1
1 2 1
x y z - -
= = va
cat ng thang:
2 0
2 1 0
x y z
x y z
+ - + =

- + - =

.
20) Viet phng trnh hnh chieu cua ng thang AB len mat phang (P): x + 3y z = 0.
21) Tnh goc tao bi ng thang AB vi mat phang (BCD).
22) G la trong tam DABC, G la mot iem bat ky thuoc mat phang (P): 2x 3y + z +3 = 0.
Chng minh rang:
2 2 2
G A G B G C ' ' ' + + nho nhat khi va ch khi G' la hnh chieu cua G len
(P). Tm toa o iem G.
23) Lap phng trnh mat cau i qua A, B, C va co tam thuoc mp(Oxy)
24) Lap phng trnh tiep dien cua mat cau (S):
2 2 2
6 2 4 5 0 x y z x y z + + - - + + = tai B.
25) Lap phng trnh mat phang qua A va tiep xuc vi mat cau (S) co phng trnh:

2 2 2
4 2 6 5 0 x y z x y z + + - + - + = .
26) Lap phng trnh mat cau ngoai tiep t dien ABCD.

Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 61


e giai cac bai toan hnh khong gian bang phng phap toa o ta thc hien cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Chon he truc toa o Oxyz thch hp.
Bc 2: Da vao gia thiet bai toan xac nh toa o cac iem co lien quan.
Bc 3: S dung cac kien thc ve toa o e giai quyet bai toan.
Chu y: Thong thng ta da vao cac yeu to ng thang vuong goc vi mat phang e chon
he truc Oxyz sao cho de xac nh toa o cac iem lien quan.




V du 1:
Cho t dien OABC co cac canh OA, OB, OC oi mot vuong goc vi nhau. H la hnh chieu
cua O tren (ABC).
1. Chng minh DABC co ba goc nhon.
2. Chng minh H la trc tam DABC.
3. Chng minh
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OH OA OB OC
= + + .
4. Goi

( )

( )

( ) OAB ABC OBC BCA OAC ACB ( ), ( ) , ( ),( ) , ( ),( ) a b g = = = .
Chng minh
2 2 2
1 cos cos cos . a b g + + =
Giai:
Chon he truc Oxyz sao cho: O(0; 0; 0), A(a; 0; 0), B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c) (a, b, c > 0)
1. Chng minh DABC co ba goc nhon:
Ta co:
2
0 0 0 AB AC a b a c a . ( ; ; )( ; ; ) = - - = >
uuur uuur

BAC nhon
Tng t:

ABC ACB , nhon.
Vay DABC co ba goc nhon.
2. Chng minh H la trc tam DABC:
Ta co phng trnh mp (ABC):
1 0
x y z
bcx acy abz abc
a b c
+ + = + + - =

OH ABC
OH ABC u n bc ac ab
( )
( ) ( ; ; ) ^ = =
r r

Phng trnh ng thang OH:
x bct
y act t R
z abt
( )
=


Thay x, y, z vao phng trnh mp(ABC):
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c a c a b t abc ( ) + + =
. GIAI TOAN HNH HOC NHONG GIAN
HANG PHtONG PHAP TOA O
MOT SO V DU

C
B
A
x
z
y
H
O
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 62

2 2 2 2 2 2
abc
t
a b b c c a
=
+ +


2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
ab c a bc a b c
H
a b b c c a a b b c c a a b b c c a
; ;



+ + + + + +



2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a
AH ab ac bc b c
a b b c c a
b
BH ac a b bc a c
a b b c c a
( ; ; )
( ; ; )

= - -

+ +

= - -

+ +
uuur
uuur


2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
0 0
a
AH BC ab ac bc b c b c
a b b c c a
b
BH AC ac a b bc a c a c
a b b c c a
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )

= - - - =

+ +

= - - - =

+ +
uuur uuur
uuur uuur


AH BC
BH AC
^

H la trc tam DABC.


3. Chng minh
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OH OA OB OC
= + +

2 2 2 2 2 2
abc
OH d O ABC
a b b c c a
( , ( ))
-
= =
+ +

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 a b b c c a
OH a b c
+ +
=

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 a b b c c a
OA OB OC a b c a b c
+ +
+ + = + + =

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OH OA OB OC
= + + .
4. Chng minh cos
2
a + cos
2
b + cos
2
g = 1
Nhan xet:

( )
( )
OAB ABC
OAB ABC n n
( ) ( )
cos cos ( ), ( ) cos , a = =
r r

Goi
ABC
n n bc ac ab
( )
( ; ; ) = =
r r


1 2 3
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
OAB OBC OAC
n n k n n i n n j
( ) ( ) ( )
( , , ); ( , , ); ( , , ) = = = = = = = = =
r r r
r r r r r r


2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3
n n n n n n cos cos cos cos ( , ) cos ( , ) cos ( , ) a b g + + = + +
r r r r r r


2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b b c a c
a b b c c a a b b c c a a b b c c a
= + +
+ + + + + +

Vay:
2 2 2
1 cos cos cos . a b g + + =





Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 63
V du 2:
Cho tam giac eu ABC co ng cao AH = 2a. Goi O la trung iem AH. Tren ng thang
vuong goc vi mat phang (ABC) tai O, lay iem S sao cho OS = 2a.
1. Tnh cosin cua goc j tao bi hai mat phang (SAB) va (SAC).
2. Tren oan OH lay iem I. at OI = m (0 < m < a). Mat phang (a) qua I, vuong goc vi
AH cat cac canh AB, AC, SC, SB lan lt tai M, N, P, Q.
a. Tnh dien tch thiet dien MNPQ theo a va x.
b. Tm m e dien tch MNPQ ln nhat.
Giai:
Goi D la trung iem AB

3 4
2
3
1
4
3
OD OH
BC a
AH BC
a
OD BC
^
= =
= =

Chon he truc toa o Oxyz sao cho:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
3
a
O D H a S a ( ; ; ), ; ; , ( ; ), ( ; ; )




2 2
0 0 0 0
3 3
a a
A a B a C a ( ; ; ), ; ; , ; ;

- -



1. Tnh cosj:
Ve BE SA ^ tai E CE SA ^ (v

SA BCE BEC ( )) j ^ =
0 2 0 1 2 SA a a a ( ; ; ) ( ; ; ) = =
uur

Phng trnh ng thang SA:
0
2
x
y a t t R
z t
( )
=

= - +


Phng trnh mp(BCE):
( )
0 y a 2z + =
Thay x, y, z vao phng trnh (BCE), ta c:
2
2 4 0
5
a
a t t t - + + = =

3 4
0
5 5
a a
E ; ;

-



2 8 4 2
5 4 3 2 3
5 5
3 5 3
2 8 4 2
5 4 3 2 3
5 5
3 5 3
a a a a
EB
a a a a
EC
; ; ( ; ; )
; ; ( ; ; )
-
= = -

= - - = - -


uuur
uuur


2
2 2
5 4 3 2 3 5 4 3 2 3
35 7
3 3
85 17
2
85 85
3
a a
EB EC
a
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )
cos cos( , ) j
- - -
= = = =



uuur uuur

Vay
7
17
cosj = .

z
S
E
A
D
x
M
B
y
H
C
P
N
I m
Q
O
a
j
2a
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 64
2. Ta co: I(0; m; 0), 0 1 0 OH a( ; ; ) =
uuur

phng trnh mp(MNPQ): y m = 0
a. Tnh S
MNPQ
:
Ta co:

2 2
2 0 1 3 0
3 3
a a
AB a ; ; ( ; ; )

= =


uuur
;
2 2
2 0 1 3 0
3 3
a a
AC a ; ; ( ; ; )

= - = - -


uuur


2
2 2 3 2 3
3 3
a a
SB a a ; ; ( ; ; )

= - = -


uur
;
2
2 2 3 2 3
3 3
a a
SC a a ; ; ( ; ; )

= - - = - -


uur

Phng trnh ng thang AB: 3
0
x t
y a t t R
z
( )
=

= - +


0
3
a m
M AB MNPQ M m ( ) ; ;
+
=



Phng trnh ng thang AC: 3
0
x t
y a t t R
z
( )
=

= - -


0
3
a m
N AC MNPQ N m ( ) ; ;
- -
=



Phng trnh ng thang SB:
2
3
2 2 3
x t
y t t R
z a t
( )
=

= -



2
2 2
3
m
Q SB MNPQ Q m a m ( ) ; ;

= -



Phng trnh ng thang SC:
2
3
2 2 3
x t
y t t R
z a t
( )
=

= -

= +



2
2 2
3
m
P SC MNPQ P m a m ( ) ; ;

= - -




3 2 2
0 2 2 0 2 2 0 0
3 3 3
m a a m a m
MQ a m MP a m MN ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
- - - - -
= - = - =


uuur uuur uuuur


( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
1
2
1 8 4 4
0 0 0 0
2
3 3
1 8 4 4 6 4 2
2
3 3 3 3 3
2
3 2
3
MNPQ
MNPQ
S MQ MP MP MN
m m a m a
m a m a m a a
m m
S m am a
[ , ] [ , ]
( )
; ; ; ;
( )
( )
= +


- -

= +







- -
= + = - + +


= - + +
uuur uuur uuur uuuur


Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 65
b/ Tm m e (S
MNPQ
)
max
:
Bang xet dau:
m
3
a
+
2 2
3 2 m am a - + +


2
4
3
a




2 2
2 4 8
3
3 3 3
MNPQ
a a
S . =
Vay
2
8
3
3 3
MNPQ
a a
S khi m
max
( ) . = =
Cach khac:
2
2
3 8
2 3 2 3
3 2
3 3
MNPQ
cosi
a
a m m
a a
S a m m
( )
( )
( )



- + +



= - + =





2
8
3 3
3 3
MNPQ
a a a
S a m m m
max
( ) . = - = + =



V du 3:
Cho t dien OABC co OA, OB, OC oi mot vuong goc. OA= a, OB = b, OC = c.
1. Goi I la tam mat cau noi tiep (S) cua OABC. Tnh ban knh r cua (S).
2. Goi M, N, P la trung iem BC, CA, AB. Chng minh rang hai mat phang (OMN) va
(OMP) vuong goc
2 2 2
1 1 1
a b c
= + .
Giai:
Chon he truc Oxyz sao cho: O(0; 0; 0), A(a; 0; 0), B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c)
1. Tnh r:
Ta co:
I AOB I OBC I OCA I ABC OABC
V V V V V
. . . .
+ + + =

3 6
OAB OBC OCA ABC
r abc
S S S S ( ) .
D D D D
+ + + =

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
1
0 0
2
1
2
1
6 6
ABC
S AB AC
a b a c
a b b c c a
r abc
ab bc ca a b b c c a
[ , ]
[( ; ; ), ( ; ; )]
( ) ( )
D
=
= - -
= + +
+ + + + + =
uuur uuur

Vay
2 2 2 2 2 2
abc
r
ab bc ca a b b c c a
=
+ + + + +

C
z
y
x
B
A
O
a
b
P
c
M
N
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 66
2. Chng minh (OMN) ^ (OMP)
2 2 2
1 1 1
a b c
= +
Ta co: 0 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
b c a c a b
M N P ; ; , ; ; , ; ;





4 4 4
OMN
bc ac ab
n OM ON
( )
[ , ] ; ;

= = -


uuur uuur
r


4 4 4
OMP
bc ac ab
n OM OP
( )
[ , ] ; ;

= = - -


uuur uuur
r

0
OMN OMP
OMN OMP n n
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) . ^ =
r r


2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
0
16 16 16
b c a c a b
a c b b c
a b c
( ) . - + + = + = = +


V du 4:
Cho hnh ch nhat ABCD co AB= a, AD = 2a. Tren tia Az ABCD ( ) ^ lay iem S. Mat
phang (a) qua CD cat SA, SB lan lt tai K va L.
1. Cho SA = 2a, AK = k 0 2 k a ( )
a. Tnh dien tch t giac CDKL

. Tnh k theo a e S
CDKL
ln nhat, nho nhat.
b. Chng to khoang cach gia hai ng thang KD va BC khong oi.
c. Tnh k theo a e (a) chia hnh chop S.ABCD thanh hai phan co the tch bang nhau.
2. Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem SC, SD. Tm quy tch giao iem I cua AN, BM khi S di
ong tren tia Az.
Giai:
1. Chon he truc toa o Axyz sao cho: A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), C(a; 2a; 0), D(0; 2a; 0), S(0; 0; 2a)

0 0 0 2
0 2
AK k K k k a
n KC KD a k a
( ; ; ),
[ , ] ( ; ; )
a
=
= =
uuur uuur
r
Phng trnh 2 2 0 2 2 0 k y a az ky az ak ( ) : ( ) a - + = + - =
1 0 2 SB a( ; ; ) = -
uur

Phng trnh ng thang SB: 0
2
x a t
y t R
z t
( )
= +

= -


0
2
k
SB L L a k ( ) ; ; a

= -



a/ S
CDKL
= S
DCKL
+ S
DCKD
:

( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
1
2 2 2 0 0
2 2
1 2 4
4 4 4
2 2 4
CK CL CK CD
k
a a k a k a a k a
a k a k
a k a a k a k
[ , ] [ , ]
[( ; ; , ; ; ] [( ; ; ,( ; ; )]
= +

= - - - - + - - -


- -
= + + + = +


uuur uuur uuur uuur

z
S
B
x
C
y
D
N
M
K
L
a
2a
A
k
I
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 67

Xet
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 2 4 4
4 0
4
4 4
a k k ak a
f k a k f k
k a
/
( ) ( )
- - + -
= + = <
+

Bang bien thien:
k 0 2a +
f
/
(k)
f(k) 2a
2



2
2 a

Vay:
2
2 0 S a k
max
= =

2
2 2 S a k a
min
. = =
b/ d(KD, BC)
0 2 0 2 0 0 0
0 2 0 2 0
KD BC DC a k a a
a k a
KD BC
[ , ] [ ; ; ), ( ; ; )]( ; ; )
[ ; ; ), ( ; ; ]
[ , ]
-
= =
-
uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur = a (khong oi)
* Chu y: CD la oan vuong goc chung cua KD va BC.
c/ Tnh k e
1
2
S CDKL S ABCD
V V
. .
=
Ta co:
2
2 2
4 2
4
a ak
d S
k a
( , ( )) a
-
=
+


3
3
1 2 4
3 6
1 4
3 3
2 4 4
6 6
3 5 2
S CDKL CDKL
S ABCD ABCD
a a k a k
V d S S
a
V SA S
a a k a k a
k a do k a
.
.
( )
( , ( )).
.
( )( )
( ) ( )
a
- -
= =
= =
- -
=
= -

2. Quy tch I:
0 0 0 0
2 2 2
a s s
S Az S s s M a N a ( ; ; ), ; ; , ; ;

>




1 1
2 0 2
2 2
BM a a s AN a s ( ; ; ); ( ; ; ) = - - - =
uuur uuur

Phng trnh ng thang BM:
1
1 1
1
2
x a at
y at t R
z st
( )
= +

= -

= -


Phng trnh ng thang AN:
2 2
2
0
2
x
y at t R
z st
( )
=


0 2 I AN BM I a s ( ) ( ) ( ; ; ) =
Ta co: 0 0 ID s ID AS ( ; ; ) / / . = -
uur uur uur

Vay quy tch I la na ng thang Dt ABCD ( ) ^ (tr iem D, do s > 0).


PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 68
V du 5:
Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD co canh ay

2 a ASB ; . a =
1. Xac nh tam va ban knh mat cau ngoai tiep hnh chop.
2. Xac nh tam va ban knh mat cau noi tiep hnh chop.
3. Tm a e tam mat cau ngoai tiep va noi tiep trung nhau.
Giai:
Ta co: AC = BD = 2a. Goi SO la ng cao va SO= h.
Chon he truc toa o Oxyz sao cho: O(0; 0; 0), A(a; 0; 0),S(0; 0; h)
0 0 0 0 C a D a ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - -
1. Tam I va R cua (S) ngoai tiep chop S.ABCD
Do S.ABCD la hnh chop t giac eu nen
0
0 0 I OS I z ( ; ; )
Phng trnh mat cau (S):
2 2 2
0
2 0 x y z z z d + + - + =

2
2
0
2
2 2
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
0
2 0
2
0 0
2 2 2
a d
A S S
h z h d
d a
h a
z
h
h a h a h a
I R a
h h h
, ( )
; ; ,

+ =


- + =

= -


-
=


- - +
= + =


Mat khac:
2
2 2 2 2
0 0 SA SB a h a h h
SA SB
a h a h
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )
cos
.
a
- -
= = =
+ +
uur uur


2
1
a
h
cos
cos
a
a
=
-
(a nhon do DSAB can tai S).
Vay:
2 1
a
R
cos ( cos ) a a
=
-


2 1
2 1
a
OI
( cos )
cos ( cos )
a
a a
-
=
-

2. Tam J va r cua (S
/
) noi tiep chop S.ABCD:
Ta co: 0 0 J OS J r OJ r ( ; ; ), =

2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 2
2
3 3 3
1
4 4 2
2
2 2
1
1
S ABCD tp S ABCD
xp SAB
tp xp ABCD
r a h
V S V h a
S S SA SB a h
S S S a h a
a a h
r
a a h
. .
. ; . ( )
. . sin ( )sin
( )sin
cos ( cos )
sin cos
( )sin
D
a a
a
a a
a a
a
= = =
= = = +
= + = + +
-
= =
+ -
+ +

Vay:
1
1
a
OJ r
cos ( cos )
.
sin cos
a a
a a
-
= =
+ -

z
S
x
A
2 3
B
y
C
D
O
h
a
a
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 69
3. Tm a e I J

1 2 1
1
2 1
2 1 1 2 1
a a
I J OI OJ
cos ( cos ) ( cos )
sin cos
cos ( cos )
( cos )( sin cos ) cos ( cos )
a a a
a a
a a
a a a a a
- -
= =
+ -
-
- + - = -


1 2 0 1 0
1 0
45
o
sin
do
do nhon)
( cos ) (sin cos ) (sin cos )(sin cos )
sin cos ( sin cos )
(
a a a a a a a a
a a a a
a a
- + - = - - + =
= + - >
=

Vay 45
o
I J . a =


V du 6:
Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD la ay hnh ch nhat vi AB = a, AD = b, SA = 2a
vuong goc vi ay. Tren canh SA lay iem M, AM = m ( 0 2 m a)
1. Mat phang (MBC) cat hnh chop theo thiet dien la hnh g. Tnh dien tch thiet dien?
2. Tm v tr M e dien tch thiet dien ln nhat.
3. Tm v tr M e mat phang (MBC) chia hnh chop thanh hai phan co the tch bang nhau.
Giai:
Chon he truc toa o Axyz sao cho: A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), D(0; b; 0), S(0; 0; 2a)
0 0 0 0 2 C a b M m m a ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) ( ) .
Ta co: 0
MBC
n MB MC b m a
( )
[ , ] ( ; ; ) = =
uuur uuur
r

0 2 SD b a ( ; ; ) = -
uuur

Phng trnh mat phang (MBC): 0 mx az ma + - =
Phng trnh ng thang SD:
0
2
x
y b bt t R
z at
( )
=

= +

= -


Goi
2
0
2
ab mb
N SD MBC N m
a
( ) ; ;
-
=



1. Hnh tnh va dien tch BCMN
Ta co:
2
0 0 0 0 0
2
ab mb
MN BC b MB a m
a
; ; ; ( ; ; ); ( ; ; )
-
= = = -


uuuur uuur uuur


MN BC
BCMN
BC MB

P
la hnh thang vuong.

2 2
2 2
2 4
2 2 2 4
BCMN
MB a m ab mb ab mb
S MN BC b a m
a a
( )
+ - -
= + = + = +



2. Tm v tr M e S
BCNM
ln nhat:
Ta co:
2 2
4
4
m
b
S a m m a
a
( )
( ) = - +
a
b
D
y
x
B
S
z
2a
M
m
A
C
N
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 70

2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
4 2 4
4 4
m
b a m m b m am a
S m a
a a
m a m a
/
( )
( )
.
- - + -
= - + + =

+ +


2 2
0
2
m
a
S m
/
( )
( )
= =
m 0
2 2
2
a( ) -

2 2
2
a( ) +
2a +
m
S
/
( )

0 + 0
m
S
( )


ab
71 8 2
8
ab +




71 8 2
8
ab -

5
2
ab



71 8 2 2 2
8 2
ab a
S m
max
( ) + +
= =

71 8 2 2 2
8 2
ab a
S m
min
( ) - -
= =
3. Tm v tr M e
1
2
S BCNM S ABCD
V V
. .
=
Ta co:
2
2 2
2a ma
d S MBC
m a
( , ( ))
-
=
+


2
2 2
2 2
2
1 2 4 4 2
3 4 12
1 2
2
3 3
S BCNM
S ABCD
a ma ab mb b a m a m
V m a
a
m a
a b
V a ab
.
.
( )( )
. .
. . .
- - - -
= + =
+
= =

Yeu cau bai toan
2
4 2
4
a m a m
a
( )( ) - -
=

2 2
6 4 0 3 5 m am a m a (v m 2a) ( ) - + = = -
Vay 3 5 AM a ( ) . = -



V du 7:
Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.ABCD canh a.
1. Chng minh A C AB D
/ / /
( ) ^ . Tnh goc j gia (DAC) va (ABBA).
2. Tren canh AD
/
, DB lay iem M, N thoa AM = DN = k 0 2 k a ( ) < < .
a. Chng minh MN // (A
/
D
/
BC)
b. Tm k e MN
min
. Chng to khi o MN la oan vuong goc chung cua AD, DB.
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 71
Giai:
Chon he truc toa o Axyz sao cho: A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), C(a; a; 0), D(0; a; 0)
A
/
(0; 0; a), B
/
(a; 0; a), C
/
(a; a; a), D
/
(0; a; a)
AM = DN = k 0 0
2 2 2 2
k k k k
M N a ; ; , ; ;

-



1. Chng minh A C AB D
/ / /
( ) ^ :
Ta co: 0
0
A C a a a
AB a a
AD a a
/
/
/
( ; ; )
( ; ; )
( ; ; )

= -

uuuur
uuuur
uuuur


2 2 2
2 2 2
0
AB D
AB D
AB D
n AB AD a a a
A C n a a a a a a
A C n
/ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
( )
/
( )
/
( )
, ( ; ; )
, ( ; ; ), ( ; ; )
= = - -


= - - - =


uuuur uuuur
r
uuuur
r
r
uuuur
r
P

Vay A C AB D
/ / /
( ) ^
Cach khac:
0
0
A C AB A C AB
A C AB D
A C AD
A C AD
/ / / /
/ / /
/ /
/ /
.
( )
.


= ^
^

^
=

uuuur uuuur
uuuur uuuur

Tnh j:
2 2
1
0 n DA DC a a
/
[ , ] ( ; ; ) = =
uuuur
r uuur


2
0 1 0
ABB A
n n j
/ /
( )
( ; ; ) = = =
r r r


2
1 2
2
1 2
2
2
2
n n a
a n n
.
cosj = = =
r r
r r .
Vay 45
o
. j =
2. a. Chng minh MN // (A
/
D
/
BC):

2
1
2 2
2
1 0 1
A D BC
MN k a k k
n n BA BC a
/ /
/
( )
( ; ; )
[ , ] ( ; ; )
= - -
= = = -
uuuur
uuuur
uuur
r r

Ta co:
2
0
2
a
MN n k k . ( )
-
= - =
uuuur r

MN A D BC do M A D BC
/ / / /
( ) ( ( ) P )
b/ Tm k e MN
min
:
Ta co:
2 2 2
1
6 4 2 2
2
MN k ak a ( ) = - +
k 0
2
3
a
2 a +
MN
2


2
3
a


z
A
/
D
/

B
/
C
/

A
D
B
C
k
y
z
a
N
M
k
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 72

2
3
3
a a
MN k
min
= =
Khi
2
3
a
k = th 1 1 1
3
a
MN ( ; ; ) = -
uuuur


1 1 1 0 0
3
1 1 1 0 0
3
a
MN AD a a
MN AD
a
MN BD
MN BD a a
/
/
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )
. ( ; ; )( ; ; )

= - =


^


^

= - - =

uuuur
uuuur
uuuur uuur

Vay MN la oan vuong goc chung cua AD
/
va BD.


V du 8:
Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A
/
B
/
C
/
D
/
canh a. Goi M la trung iem AB, N la tam cua hnh
vuong ADD
/
A
/
.
1. Tnh ban knh R cua mat cau (S) i qua 4 iem C, D
/
, M, N.
2. Tnh ban knh r cua ng tron (C) la giao cua (S) va mat cau (S
/
) i qua A
/
, B
/
, C, D.
3. Tnh dien tch S cua thiet dien tao bi mat phang (CMN) va hnh lap phng.
Giai:
Chon he truc toa o Axyz sao cho: A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), C(a; a; 0), D(0; a; 0)
A
/
(0; 0; a), B
/
(a; 0; a), C
/
(a; a; a), D
/
(0; a; a)
0 0 0
2 2 2
a a a
M N ; ; , ; ;




1. Tnh R:
Phng trnh mat cau (S):
2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z x y z d a b g + + - - - + =
C D M N S
/
, , , ( ) , suy ra:

2
2
2
2
2 2 2 0 1
2 2 2 0 2
3
4
0 4
2
a a a d
a a a d
a
a d
a
a a d
( )
( )
( )
( )
a b
b g
a
b g

- - + =

- - + =

- +

- - + =


(1) (2) suy ra: a = g
(2) (4) suy ra: d = a
2


5
3
4
4
4
a
a
( )
( )
a g
b
= =
=

Phng trnh mat cau (S):
2 2 2 2
5 5
0
2 2 2
a a a
x y z x y z a + + - - - + =
A
/

D
/

C
/

B
/

A
D
C
B
y
x
z
N
a
K
L
M
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 73

2 2
2 2
2 2
5 5 35
4 4 4 16
a a a a
R a


= + + - =



Vay 35
4
a
R . =
2. Tnh r:
Phng trnh mat cau (S):
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 0 x y z x y z d
/ / / /
a b g + + - - - + =
A B C D S
/ / / /
, , , ( ), suy ra:

2
2
2
2
2 0
2 0
3 2 2 2 0
2 0
a a d
a a d
a a a a d
a a d
/ /
/ /
/ / / /
/ /
g
a
a b g
b

- + =

- + =

- - - + =

- + =


0
2
a
d
/ / / /
, a b g = = = =

2 2 2
0 S x y z ax ay az
/
( ) : + + - - - = va ban knh
3
2
a
R
/
=
De thay C(a; a; 0) S C C
/
( ) ( )
Goi I I J
/
, , la tam cua (S), (S
/
) va (C)

5 5
4 4 4 2 2 2
a a a a a a
I I
/
; ; , ; ;




Ta co: JC II
/
^

II CI
r d C II
II
/
/
/
[ , ]
( , ) = =
uur
uur


3 3 3 5
4 4 4 4 4 4
a a a a a a
II CI
/
; ; ; ;
- -
= - =


uur
uur

2
1 3 2
4
a
II CI
/
[ , ] ( ; ; ) = -
uur
uur


14
19
r a =
3. Tnh S:

2
2 1 3
4
CMN
a
n CM CN
( )
[ , ] ( ; ; ) = =- -
uuur uuur
r

Phng trnh mat phang (CMN): 2 3 0 x y z a - + - =
Phng trnh ng thang AA:
0
0
x
y t R
z t
( )
=


Phng trnh ng thang DD:
0 x
y a t R
z t
( )
=


Goi K CMN AA L CMN DD
/ /
( ) , ( ) = =
I
/

R
/

C (C)
(S)
I
R
J r
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 74
( )
2
0 0 0
3 3
1
2
1 2
0 0
2 2 3 3 3
CMKL
a a
K L a
S S CM CK CK CL
a a a a
a a a a a a
; ; , ; ;
[ , ] [ , ]
; ; , ; ; ; ; , ; ;



= = +


= - - - - + - - -




uuur uuur uuur uuur


2
14
4
a
S . =



BAI TAP

Bai 1. Cho t dien OABC co ay OBC la tam giac vuong tai O, OB=a, OC= 3 a , (a>0) va ng
cao OA= 3 a . Goi M la trung iem cua canh BC. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang AB
va OM.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 O A a B a C a ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) .

15
5
a
d AB OM ( ; ) =
Bai 2. Cho hnh chop O.ABC co cac canh OA = a, OB = b, OC = c oi mot vuong goc. iem M
co nh thuoc tam giac ABC co khoang cach lan lt en cac mp(OBC), mp(OCA),
mp(OAB) la 1, 2, 3. Tnh a, b, c e the tch O.ABC nho nhat.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O A a B b C c ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) .

1 2 3 1
27
3
V
a b c
min
= = = =
Bai 3. T dien S.ABC co canh SA vuong goc vi ay va ABC D vuong tai C. o dai cua cac
canh la SA = 4, AC = 3, BC = 1. Goi M la trung iem cua canh AB, H la iem oi xng cua C
qua M. Tnh cosin goc hp bi hai mat phang (SHB) va (SBC).
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: A(0;0;0), B(1;3;0), C(0;3;0), S(0;0;4) va H(1;0;0).
Bai 4. Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay la tam giac ABC vuong can tai A, AB = AC = a (a > 0), hnh
chieu cua S tren ay trung vi trong tam G cua DABC. at SG = x (x > 0). Xac nh gia tr
cua x e goc gia hai mat phang (SAB) va (SAC) bang 60
o
.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: A(0;0;0), B(a;0;0), C(0; a; 0), 0
3 3 2 2
a a a a
G S x ; ; , ; ;



.

3
a
x . =
Bai 5. Cho hnh chop tam giac eu S.ABC co o dai canh ay la a. Goi M, N la trung iem SB,
SC. Tnh theo a dien tch DAMN, biet (AMN) vuong goc vi (SBC).
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: O(0; 0; 0), S(0; 0; h),
3
3
a
A ; 0; 0




(SO = h).

2 2
2
5 1 10
0
12 2 16
AMN SBC
AMN
a a
AMN SBC n n h S AM AN
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) . ,
D

^ = = = =

r r uuur uuur

Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 75
Bai 6. Cho lang tru ABC.A'B'C' cac cac mat ben eu la hnh vuong canh a. Goi D, F lan lt la
trung iem cua cac canh BC, C'B'. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang A'B va B'C'.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho:

3 3 3 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a a a a a a a a
A B C A a B a C a ( ; ; ), ; ; , ; ; , '( ; ; ), ' ; ; , ' ; ;

- -



( )
21
7
a
d A B B C ' ; ' ' . =
Bai 7. T dien ABCD co AB, AC, AD oi mot vuong goc vi nhau, AB = 3, AC = AD = 4. Tnh
khoang cach t A ti mat phang (BCD).
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: A(0;0;0); B(0;0;3); C(0;4;0); D(4;0;0).
Bai 8. Cho hnh chop SABC co o dai cac canh eu bang 1, O la trong tam cua tam giac DABC. I
la trung iem cua SO.
a) Mat phang (BIC) cat SA tai M. Tm t so the tch cua t dien SBCM va t dien SABC.
b) H la chan ng vuong goc ha t I xuong canh SB. Chng minh rang IH qua trong tam G cua
DSAC.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: O(0; 0; 0),
3
0 0
3
A ; ;




;
3 1
0
6 2
B ; ;

- -


;
3 1
0
6 2
C ; ;

-


;
6
0 0
3
S ;




;
6
0 0
6
I ; ;




.

1
4
SBCM
SABC
V
V
( )
( )
=

Bai 9. Cho hnh lang tru ABCD. A
1
B
1
C
1
co ay la tam giac eu canh a. AA
1
= 2a va vuong goc
vi mat phang (ABC). Goi D la trung iem cua BB
1
; M di ong tren canh AA
1
. Tm gia tr
ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua dien tch tam giac MC
1
D.
HD: Chon he truc toa o sao cho: A(0;0;0), B(0;a;0), A
1
(0;0;2a),
1
3
2
2 2
a a
C a ; ;




, D(0;a;a)
Gia tr ln nhat
1
2
15
4
DC M
a
S = khi M A
Bai 10. Cho t dien SABC co ay la DABC vuong can tai B, AB = a, SA ABC ( ) ^ va SA = a.
AH SB ^ tai H, AK SC ^ tai K.
a. Chng minh HK SC. ^
b. Goi I HK BC. = Chng minh B la trung iem CI.
c. Tnh sin goc j gia SB va (AHK).
d. Xac nh tam va ban knh mat cau ngoai tiep SABC.
S: a/ 0 HK SC . ; =
uuur uur
c/
2
6
; d/
3
2
a
SJ JC R , = =
Bai 11. Cho t dien SABC co ay la DABC vuong can tai B, AB = a, SA ABC ( ) ^ va 2 SA a = .
Goi D la trung iem cua AC.
a. Chng minh khoang cach t A en (SBC) gap oi khoang cach t D en (SBC).
b. Mat phang (a) qua A va vuong goc SC, (a) cat SC va SB tai M va N. Tnh the tch hnh
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 76
chop SAMN.
c. Tnh cosin cua goc tao bi hai mat phang (SAC) va (SBC).
S: a/
6 6
3 6
A B
a a
d d ; = = b/
3
2
18
a
d/
3
3

Bai 12. Cho DABC eu canh a. Tren ng thang d ABC ( ) ^ tai A lay iem S, SA = h.
a. Tnh d(A, (SBC)) theo a va h.
b. ng thang SBC ( ) D ^ tai trc tam H cua DSBC, chng to D luon qua iem co nh khi
S di ong tren d.
c. D cat d tai S
/
. Tnh h theo a e SS
/
nho nhat.
S: a/
2 2
3
3 4
ah
a h
;
+
b/ Trong tam DABC d/
2
2
2
a
a h ; . =
Bai 13. Cho hnh chop S.ABCD ay la hnh vuong canh a, SA ABCD ( ) ^ va 2 SA a = . Mat
phang (P) qua A va SC ( ) a ^ ; (P) cat cac canh SB, SC, SD lan lt tai H, M, K.
a. Chng minh AH SB AK SD , . ^ ^
b. Chng minh BD // (a) va BD // HK.
c. Chng minh HK i qua trong tam G cua DSAC.
d. Tnh V
S.AHMK
.
S: a/ 0 AH SB AK SD . . = =
uuur uur uuur uuur
b/
3
0
2
BD n BD HK . ;
a
= =
uuur r uuur uuur
;
c/ HG GK / / ; d/
3
2
18
a
.
Bai 14. Cho hnh chop t giac S.ABCD, SA ABCD ( ) ^ va ABCD la hnh ch nhat co AB = a,
AD = b, SA = 2a. N la trung iem SD.
a. Tnh d(A, (BCN)), d(SB, CN).
b. Tnh cosin goc gia hai mat phang (SCD) va (SBC).
c. Goi M la trung iem SA. Tm ieu kien a va b e

1
3
CMN cos = .
Trong trng hp o tnh V
S.BCNM
.
S: a/
2 2
2 2
2
4 5
a ab
a b
; ;
+
b/
2 2
20 5
b
a b
;
+
c/
3
4
a
a b V ; . = =
Bai 15. Trong mp(P) cho hnh vuong ABCD. Tren tia Az ( ) a ^ lay iem S. ng thang
1
SBC ( ) ( ) D ^ tai S cat (P) tai M,
2
SCD ( ) ( ) D ^ tai S cat (P) tai N. Goi I la trung iem MN.
a. Chng minh A, B, M thang hang; A, D, N thang hang.
b. Khi S di ong tren Az, chng to I thuoc ng thang co nh.
c. Ve AH SI ^ tai H. Chng minh AH la ng cao t dien ASMN va H la trc tam
DSMN.
d. Cho OS = 2, AB = 1. Tnh V
ASMN
.
S: a/
2 2
MA h AB NA h AD , ; = =
uuur uuur uuur uuur
b/
2 2
0
2 2
h h
I AC ; ; ;

- -


Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 77
c/ AH SMN MN SH SM AH ( ); ; ; ^ ^ ^ d/
16
3
.
Bai 16. Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co SA ABCD ( ) ^ , ay ABCD la hnh vuong canh a. Tren cac
canh BC, CD lay lan lt cac iem M, N. at CM = x, CN= y (0 < x, y < a).
a. Tm he thc gia x va y e goc gia hai mat phang (SAM) va (SAN) bang 45
o
.
b. Tm he thc gia x va y e SAM SMN ( ) ( ) ^
S: a/
4 3 2 2
4 4 2 0 a a x y axy x y x y ( ) ( ) - + + + - = b/
2
0 x ax ay - + =
Bai 17. Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD, canh ay bang 2 a , ng cao SO, canh ben bang
5 a .
a. Tnh the tch hnh chop. Xac nh tam Iva ban knh R cua hnh cau (S) noi tiep hnh chop.
b. Goi M, N, P lan lt la trung iem AB, AD, SC. Mat phang (MNP) cat SB, SD tai Q va R.
Tnh dien tch thiet dien.
c. Chng to rang mat phang (MNP) chia hnh chop ra hai phan co the tch bang nhau.
S: a/
3
4
3 2
a a
V OI R ; = = = b/
2
2 a c/
3
2
3
a
.
Bai 18. Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD, ay la hnh vuong canh a, ng cao SO. Mat ben
tao vi ay goc
0
60 . Mat phang (P) cha canh AB va tao vi ay goc
0
30 cat cac canh SC,
SD lan lt tai M, N.
a. Tnh goc gia AN vi (ABCD) va BD.
b. Tnh khoang cach gia AN va BD.
c. Tnh the tch hnh khoi ABCDMN.
S: a/
3
13
sinj = b/
3
22
a c/
3
5 3
48
a
.
Bai 19. Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh 2 a tam O. Tren tia Oz ABCD ( ) ^ la y iem S, mat phang
(SAD) tao vi ay goc a.
a. Xac nh va tnh o dai oan vuong goc chung cua SA va CD.
b. Mat phang (b) qua AC va vuong goc (SAD) chia hnh chop thanh hai phan. Tnh t so the
tch hai phan o.
S: a/ 2 a .sina b/
2
cos . a
Bai 20. Cho hnh hop ch nhat ABCD.ABCD co AB= 2, AD = 4, AA = 6. Goi I, J la trung
iem AB, CD. Goi M, N thoa AM mAD BN mBB
/
, = =
uuuur
uuur uuur uuur
0 1 m ( )
a. Tnh khoang cach t A en (BDA).
b. Chng minh I, M, J, N ong phang.
c. Xac nh tam K va ban knh R cua mat cau (S) ngoai tiep ABDA.
d. Tnh ban knh r cua ng tron giao cua (S) va (BDA).
S: a/
12
7
b/ 0 IN IJ IM [ , ]. =
uur uur uuur
c/ 1 2 3 14 K R ( ; ; ), ; = d/
5 26
7
.
Bai 21. Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.ABCD co cac canh bang 2. Goi M, N la trung iem AB
va DD.
a. Chng minh MN // (BDC). Tnh MN va d(MN, (BDC)).
b. Goi P la trung iem CD . Tnh V
C.MNP
va goc gia MN va BD.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 78
c. Tnh ban knh R cua ng tron (A
/
BD).
S: a/
3
0 6
3
MN n MN d . ; ; ; = = =
uuuur r
b/ 1 30
o
V ; ; j = = c/
2 6
3
.
Bai 22. Cho lang tru OAB.OAD ay DOAB vuong tai O, OA= a, OB = b, OO/ = h. Mat phang
(P) qua O vuong goc AB.
a. Tm ieu kien a, b, h e (a) cat canh AB, AA
/
tai I, J (I, J khong trung A, B, A
/
).
b. Vi ieu kien tren hay tnh: S
DOIJ
va t so the tch 2 phan do thiet dien chia lang tru.
S: a/ a h < b/
3 2 2 2 4
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 4
2
2 3 3
V
a b a b h a
S
V
h a b a h b h a
;
( )
+ +
= =
+ + -

Bai 23. Cho t dien SABC co ABC la tam giac vuong tai A, SC ABC ( ) ^ va SC = AB = AC =
2 a . Cac iem M thuoc SA va N thuoc BC sao cho AM = CN = t (0 < t < 2a)
a. Tnh o dai oan MN, tm t e oan MN ngan nhat.
b. Khi MN ngan nhat, chng minh rang MN la ng vuong goc chung cua BC va SA.
S: a/
2 2
6 2
3 4 2
3 3
a a
MN t at a t ; min , = - + = = b/ MN AM MN CN , . ^ ^
Bai 24. Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, co AB= 3, BC = 4. Canh ben
SA ABC ( ) ^ va SA = 4.
a. Tm tam va ban knh mat cau ngoai tiep hnh chop SABC.
b. Tren AB lay 1 iem E vi AE = x. Mat phang (P) qua E song song vi SA va BC cat hnh
chop theo thiet dien la hnh g? Tnh dien tch thiet dien. Tm x e dien tch nay ln nhat.
S: a/
41
2
SI IC R ; = = b/
3
4
2
S x max , . = =
Bai 25. Cho tam giac eu SAD va hnh vuong ABCD ca nh a nam trong 2 mat phang vuong goc
nhau. Goi I la trung iem cua AD, M la trung iem cua AB, F la trung iem cua SB.
a. Chng minh rang mat phang CMF SIB ( ) ( ) ^ .
b. Tnh khoang cach gia 2 ng thang AB va SD gia CM va SA.
S: b/
3 3
2 4
a a
; .
Bai 26. Cho hnh lang tru ng ABCD.ABCD co ay ABCD la hnh thoi canh a, goc

60
o
BAD = . Goi M la trung iem canh AA va N la trung iem canh CC.
a. Chng minh rang 4 iem B, M, D, N cung thuoc mot mat phang.
b. Tnh canh AA theo a e t giac BMDN la hnh vuong.
S: b/ 2 a .








Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 79



Bai 1: (A2002) Cho hnh chop tam giac eu S.ABC nh S, co o dai canh ay bang a. Goi M
va N lan lt la cac trung iem cua cac canh SB va SC. Tnh theo a dien tch tam giac AMN, biet
rang mat phang (AMN) vuong goc vi mat phang (SBC).
S:
2
10
16
a
S =
Bai 2: (A2002) Trong khong gian vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz, cho hai ng thang:

1
2 4 0
2 2 4 0
x y z
x y z
: A
- + - =

+ - + =

va
2
1
2
1 2
x t
y t
z t
:
.
D
= +

= +

= +


a. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha ng thang D
1
va song song vi ng thang D
2
.
b. Cho iem M(2; 1; 4). Tm toa o iem H thuoc ng thangD
2
sao cho oan thang MH co
o dai nho nhat.
S: a/ 2 0 P x z ( ) : - = b/ 2 3 3 H( ; ; ).

Bai 3: (B2002) Cho hnh lap phng ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
co canh bang a.
a. Tnh theo a khoang cach gia hai ng thang A
1
B va B
1
D.
b. Goi M, N, P lan lt la cac trung iem cua cac canh BB
1
, CD, A
1
D
1
. Tnh goc gia hai
ng thang MP va C
1
N.
S: a/
6
6
a
; b/
1
MP C N. ^

Bai 4: (D2002) Cho hnh t dien ABCD co canh AD vuong goc vi mat phang (ABC);
AC = AD = 4cm; AB = 3cm; BC = 5cm. Tnh khoang cach t iem A ti mat phang (BCD).
S:
6 34
17
.
Bai 5: (D2002) Trong khong gian vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz, cho mat phang
(P): 2x y + 2 = 0 va ng thang d
m
:
2 1 1 1 0
2 1 4 2 0
m x m y m
mx m z m
( ) ( )
( )
+ + - + - =

+ + + + =

(m la tham so).
Xac nh m e ng thang d
m
song song vi mat phang (P).
S:
1
2
m . = -
Bai 6: (A2003) Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A
/
B
/
C
/
D
/
. Tnh so o cua goc phang nh dien [B,
A
/
C, D].
S: 120
o

Bai 7: (A2003) Trong khong gian vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz, cho hnh hop ch nhat
ABCD.A
/
B
/
C
/
D
/
co A trung vi goc cua he toa o, B(a; 0; 0), D(0; a; 0), A
/
(0; 0; b) (a >0, b >
0). Goi M la trung iem canh CC
/
.
a. Tnh the tch khoi t dien BDA
/
M theo a va b.
b. Xac nh ty so
a
b
e hai mat phang (A
/
BD) va (MBD) vuong goc vi nhau.
E THI CHUNG CUA BO GD-T
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 80
S: a/
2
4
a b
; b/ 1
a
b
. =
Bai 8: (B2003) Cho hnh lang tru ng ABCD.A
/
B
/
C
/
D
/
co ay ABCD la mot hnh thoi canh a,
goc

60
o
BAD = . Goi M la trung iem canh AA
/
va Nla trung iem canh CC
/
. Chng minh
rang bon iem B
/
, M, D, N cung thuoc mot mat phang. Hay tnh o dai canh AA
/
theo a e
t giac B
/
MDN la hnh vuong.
S: 2 a .
Bai 9: (B2003) Trong khong gian vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz, cho hai iem
A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 0; 8) va iem C sao cho 0 6 0 AC ( ; ; ) =
uuur
. Tnh khoang cach t trung iem I cua
BC en ng thang OA.
S: 5.
Bai 10: (D2003) Trong khong gian vi he toa o ecac vuong goc Oxyz, cho ng thang:
3 2 0
1 0
k
x ky z
d
kx y z
( ) :
+ - + =

- + + =


Tm k e ng thang (d
k
) vuong goc vi mat phang (P): x y 2z + 5 = 0.
S: k = 1.
Bai 11: (D2003) Cho hai mat phang (P) va (Q) vuong goc vi nhau, co giao tuyen la ng
thang D. Tren D lay hai iem A, B vi AB= a. Trong mat phang (P) lay iem C, trong mat
phang (Q) lay iem D sao cho AC, BD cung vuong goc vi D va AC = BD = AB. Tnh ban
knh mat cau ngoai tiep t dien ABCD va tnh khoang cach t A en mat phang (BCD) theo
a.
S:
3 2
2 2
a a
R AH ; . = =
Bai 12: (A2004) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD
la hnh thoi, AC cat BD tai goc toa o O. Biet A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 1; 0), 0 0 2 2 S( ; ; ) . Goi M la
trung iem cua canh SC.
a. Tnh goc va khoang cach gia hai ng thang SA, BM.
b. Gia s mat phang (ABM) cat ng thang SD tai iem N. Tnh the tch khoi chop
S.ABMN.
S: a/
2 6
30
3
o
; .
Bai 13: (B2004) Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD co canh ay bang a, goc gia canh ben va
mat ay bang j( 0 90
o o
( ) j < < . Tnh tang cua goc gia hai mat phang (SAB) va (ABCD)
theo j. Tnh the tch khoi chop S.ABCD theo a va j.
S:
2
2
2
6
a
. tan ; . tan j j
Bai 14: (B2004) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho iem A(-4; -2; 4) va ng thang
d:
3 2
1
1 4
x t
y t
z t.
= - +

= -

= - +


Viet phng trnh ng thang D i qua iem A, cat va vuong goc vi ng thang d.
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 81
S:
4 2 4
3 2 1
x y z
( ) : D
+ + -
= =
-
.
Bai 15: (D2004) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hnh lang tru ng ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
.
Biet A(a; 0; 0), B(-a; 0; 0), C(0; 1; 0), B
1
(-a; 0; b), a > 0, b > 0.
a. Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang B
1
C va AC
1
theo a, b.
b. Cho a, b thay oi, nhng luon thoa man a + b = 4. Tm a, b e khoang cach gia hai
ng thang B
1
C va AC
1
ln nhat.
S: a/
2 2
ab
a b
;
+
b/ 2 2 a b ; . = =
Bai 16: (D2004) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho ba iem A(2; 0; 1), B(1; 0; 0), C(1;
1; 1) va mat phang (P): x + y + z 2 = 0. Viet phng trnh mat cau i qua ba iem A, B, C
va co tam thuoc mat phang (P).
S:
2 2 2
1 1 1 x y z ( ) ( ) . - + + - =
Bai 17: (A2005) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho ng thang d:
1 3 3
1 2 1
x y z - + -
= =
-

va mat phang (P): 2 2 9 0 x y z + - + = .
a) Tm toa o iem I thuoc d sao cho khoang cach t I en mat phang (P) bang 2.
b) Tm toa o giao iem A cua ng thang d va mat phang (P). Viet phng trnh tham so
cua ng thang D nam trong mat phang (P), biet D i qua A va vuong goc vi d.
S: a)
1 2
3 5 7 3 7 1 I I ( ; ; ), ( ; ; ) - - b) A(0; 1; 4); D: 1
4
x t
y
z t
=

= -

= +


Bai 18: (B2005) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hnh lang tru ng ABC.ABC vi
A(0; 3; 0), B(3; 0; 0), C(0; 3; 0), B(4; 0; 4).
a) Tm toa o cac nh A, C. Viet phng trnh mat cau co tam la A va tiep xuc vi mat
phang (BCCB).
b) Goi M la trung iem cua AB. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) i qua hai iem A, M va
song song vi BC. Mat phang (P) cat ng thang AC tai iem N. Tnh o dai oan MN.
S: a) A (0; 3; 4), C (0; 3; 4); (S):
2 2 2
576
3
25
x y z ( ) + + + =
b) (P): 4 2 12 0 x y z + - + = ; MN =
17
2

Bai 19: (D2005) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hai ng thang

1 2
1 2 1
2 0
3 12 0
3 1 2
x y z
x y z
d va d
x y
: :
- + + + - - =
= =

+ - =
-


a) Chng minh rang d
1
va d
2
song song vi nhau. Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha ca
hai ng thang d
1
va d
2
.
b) Mat phang toa o Oxz cat hai ng thang d
1
, d
2
lan lt tai cac iem A, B. Tnh dien tch
tam giac OAB (O la goc toa o).
S: a) (P): 15 11 17 10 0 x y z + - - = b) S
DOAB
= 5
Bai 20: (A2006) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hnh lap phng ABCD.ABCD
vi A(0; 0; 0), B(1; 0; 0), D(0; 1; 0), A(0; 0; 1). Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AB, CD.
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 82
a) Tnh khoang cach gia hai ng thang AC va MN.
b) Viet phng trnh mat phang cha AC va tao vi mat phang Oxy mot goc a, biet
1
6
cosa = .
S: a) d(AC, MN) =
1
2 2
b) (Q
1
): 2 1 0 x y z - + - = , (Q
2
): 2 1 0 x y z - - + =
Bai 21: (A2006) Cho hnh tru co cac ay la hai hnh tron tam O va O, ban knh ay bang chieu
cao va bang a. Tren ng tron ay tam O lay iem A, tren ng tron ay tam O lay iem
B sao cho AB = 2a. Tnh the tch cua khoi t dien OOAB.
S: V =
3
3
12
a
.
Bai 22: (B2006) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho iem A(0; 1; 2) va hai ng thang:

1 2
1
1 1
1 2
2 1 1
2
x t
x y z
d va d y t
z t
: :
= +
- +
= = = - -
-

= +


a) Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) qua A, ong thi song song vi d
1
va d
2
.
b) Tm toa o cac iem M thuoc d
1
, N thuoc d
2
sao cho ba iem A, M, N thang hang.
S: a) (P): 3 5 3 0 x y z + + - = b) M(0; 1; 1), N(0; 1; 1).
Bai 23: (B2006) Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD la hnh ch nhat vi AB = a, AD =
2 a , SA = a va SA vuong goc vi mat phang (ABCD). Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem cua
AD va SC; I la giao iem cua BM va AC. Chng minh rang mat phang (SAC) vuong goc vi
mat phang (SMB). Tnh the tch cua khoi t dien ANIB.
S: V
AINB
=
3
2
36
a
.
Bai 24: (D2006) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho iem A(1; 2; 3) va hai ng thang:

1 2
2 2 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 1
x y z x y z
d va d : :
- + - - - +
= = = =
- -

a) Tm toa o iem A oi xng vi iem A qua ng thang d
1
.
b) Viet phng trnh ng thang D i qua A, vuong goc vi d
1
va cat d
2
.
S: a) A (1; 4; 1) b) D:
1 2 3
1 3 5
x y z - - -
= =
- -

Bai 25: (D2006) Cho hnh chop tam giac S.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac eu canh a, SA = 2a
va SA vuong goc vi mat phang (ABC). Goi M va N lan lt la hnh chieu vuong goc cua A
tren cac ng thang SB va SC. Tnh the tch cua khoi chop A.BCNM.
S: V =
3
3 3
50
a
.
Bai 26: (A2007) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hai ng thang:

1 2
1 2
1 2
1
2 1 1
3
x t
x y z
d va d y t
z
: :
= - +
- +
= = = +
-

=


a) Chng minh rang d
1
va d
2
cheo nhau.
b) Viet phng trnh ng thang d vuong goc vi mat phang (P): 7 4 0 x y z + - = va cat hai
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 83
ng thang d
1
, d
2
.
S: b) d:
2 1
7 1 4
x y z - +
= =
-
.
Bai 27: (A2007) Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay la hnh vuong canh a, mat ben SAD la tam
giac eu va nam trong mat phang vuong goc vi ay. Goi M, N, P lan lt la trung iem cua
cac canh SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM vuong goc vi BP va tnh the tch cua khoi t dien
CMNP.
S: V
CMNP
=
3
3
96
a
.
Bai 28: (B2007) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho mat cau (S) va mat phang (P) co
phng trnh: (S):
2 2 2
2 4 2 3 0 x y z x y z + + - + + - = , (P): 2 2 14 0 x y z - + - = .
a) Viet phng trnh mat phang (Q) cha truc Ox va cat (S) theo mot ng tron co ban knh
bang 3.
b) Tm toa o iem M thuoc mat cau (S) sao cho khoang cach t M en mat phang (P) ln
nhat.
S: a) (Q): 2 0 y z - = b) 1 1 3 M( ; ; ) - - - .
Bai 29: (B2007) Cho hnh chop t giac eu S.ABCD co ay la hnh vuong canh a. Goi E la
iem oi xng cua D qua trung iem cua SA, M la trung iem cua AE, N la trung iem cua
BC. Chng minh MN vuong goc vi BD va tnh (theo a) khoang cach gia hai ng thang
MN va AC.
S: d(MN, AC) =
2
4
a
.
Bai 30: (D2007) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho hai iem A(1; 4; 2), B(1; 2; 4) va
ng thang D:
1 2
1 1 2
x y z - +
= =
-
.
a) Viet phng trnh ng thang d i qua trong tam G cua tam giac OAB va vuong goc vi
mat phang (OAB).
b) Tm toa o iem M thuoc ng thang D sao cho
2 2
MA MB + nho nhat.
S: a) d:
2 2
2 1 1
x y z - -
= =
-
b) M(1; 0; 4).
Bai 31: (D2007) Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay la hnh thang,
0
90 ABC BAD = = , BA = BC =
a, AD = 2a. Canh ben SA vuong goc vi ay va SA = 2 a . Goi H la hnh chieu vuong goc
cua A tren SB. Chng minh DSCD vuong va tnh (theo a) khoang cach t H en mat phang
(SCD).
S: d(H, (SCD)) =
3
a
.
Bai 32: (A2008) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho iem A(2; 5; 3) va ng thang

1 2
2 1 2
x y z
d :
- -
= =
a) Tm toa o hnh chieu vuong goc cua iem A tren ng thang d.
b) Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) cha d sao cho khoang cach t A en (P) ln nhat.
S: a) H(3; 1; 4) b) (P): 4 3 0 x y z - + - =
PP Toa o trong khong gian Tran S Tung
Trang 84
Bai 33: (A2008) Cho lang tru ABC.ABC co o dai canh ben bang 2a, ay ABC la tam giac
vuong tai A, AB = a, AC = 3 a va hnh chieu vuong goc cua nh A tren mat phang (ABC)
la trung iem cua canh BC. Tnh theo a the tch khoi chop A.ABC va tnh cosin cua goc
gia hai ng thang AA, BC.
S: V =
3
2
a

1
4
cosj =
Bai 34: (B2008) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho ba iem A(0; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1), C(
2; 0; 1).
a) Viet phng trnh mat phang i qua ba iem A, B, C.
b) Tm toa o cua iem M thuoc mat phang 2 2 3 0 x y z + + - = sao cho MA = MB = MC.
S: a) 2 4 6 0 x y z + - + = b) M(2; 3; 7).
Bai 35: (B2008) Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD la hnh vuong canh 2a, SA = a, SB =
3 a va mat phang (SAB) vuong goc vi mat phang ay. Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem
cua cac canh AB, BC. Tnh theo a the tch cua khoi chop S.BMDN va tnh cosin cua goc
gia hai ng thang SM, DN.
S: V =
3
3
3
a
;
5
5
cosj = .
Bai 36: (D2008) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho bon iem A(3; 3; 0), B(3; 0; 3),
C(0; 3; 3), D(3; 3; 3).
a) Viet phng trnh mat cau i qua bon iem A, B, C, D.
b) Tm toa o tam ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac ABC.
S: a)
2 2 2
3 3 3 0 x y z x y z + + - - - = b) H(2; 2; 2).
Bai 37: (D2008) Cho lang tru ng ABC.ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong, AB = BC = a,
canh ben AA = 2 a . Goi M la trung iem cua canh BC. Tnh theo a the tch cua khoi lang
tru ABC.ABC va khoang cach gia hai ng thang AM, BC.
S: V =
3
2
2
a ; d =
7
7
a
.
Bai 38: (A2009) Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD la hnh thang vuong tai A va D; AB =
AD = 2a, CD = a; goc gia hai mat phang (SBC) va (ABCD) bang
0
60 . Goi I la trung iem
cua canh AD. Biet hai mat phang (SBI) va (SCI) cung vuong goc vi mat phang (ABCD),
tnh the tch khoi chop S.ABCD theo a.
S: V =
3
3 15
5
a
.
Bai 39: (A2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho mat phang (P): 2 2 4 0 x y z - - - =
va mat cau (S):
2 2 2
2 4 6 11 0 x y z x y z + + - - - - = . Chng minh rang mat phang (P) cat mat
cau (S) theo mot ng tron. Xac nh toa o tam va tnh ban knh cua ng tron o.
S: H(3; 0; 2), r = 4.
Bai 40: (A2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho mat phang (P): 2 2 1 0 x y z - + - = va
hai ng thang
1 2
1 9 1 3 1
1 1 6 2 1 2
x y z x y z
: , : D D
+ + - - +
= = = =
-
. Xac nh toa o iem M thuoc
Tran S Tung PP Toa o trong khong gian
Trang 85
ng thang D
1
sao cho khoang cach t M en ng thang D
2
va khoang cach t M en mat
phang (P) bang nhau.
S:
18 53 3
35 35 35
M ; ;



.
Bai 41: (B2009) Cho hnh lang tru tam giac ABC.ABC co BB = a, goc gia ng thang BB
va mat phang (ABC) bang
0
60 ; tam giac ABC vuong tai C va
0
60 BAC = . Hnh chieu vuong
goc cua iem B len mat phang (ABC) trung vi trong tam cua tam giac ABC. Tnh the tch
khoi t dien A.ABC theo a.
S: V =
3
9
208
a
.
Bai 42: (B2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho t dien ABCD co cac nh A(1; 2;
1), B(2; 1; 3), C(2; 1; 1) va D(0; 3; 1). Viet phng trnh mat phang (P) i qua A, B sao cho
khoang cach t C en (P) bang khoang cach t D en (P).
S: (P): 4 2 7 15 0 x y z + + - = hoac (P): 2 3 5 0 x z + - = .
Bai 43: (B2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho mat phang (P): 2 2 5 0 x y z - + - =
va hai iem A(3; 0; 1), B(1; 1; 3). Trong cac ng thang i qua A va song song vi (P),
hay viet phng trnh ng thang ma khoang cach t B en ng thang o la nho nhat.
S: D:
3 1
26 11 2
x y z + -
= =
-
.
Bai 44: (D2009) Cho hnh lang tru ng ABC. ABC co ay ABC la tam giac vuong tai B, AB
= a, AA = 2a, AC = 3a. Goi M la trung iem cua oan thang AC, I la giao iem cua AM
va AC. Tnh theo a the tch khoi t dien IABC va khoang cach t iem A en mat phang
(IBC).
S: V =
3
4
9
a
, d =
2 5
5
a
.
Bai 45: (D2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho cac iem A(2; 1; 0), B(1; 2; 2), C(1;
1; 0) va mat phang (P): 20 0 x y z + + - = . Xac nh toa o iem D thuoc ng thang AB sao
cho ng thang CD song song vi mat phang (P).
S:
5 1
1
2 2
D ; ;

-


.
Bai 46: (D2009) Trong khong gian vi he toa o Oxyz, cho ng thang
2 2
1 1 1
x y z
: D
+ -
= =
-

va mat phang (P): 2 3 4 0 x y z + - + = . Viet phng trnh ng thang d nam trong (P) sao cho
d cat va vuong goc vi ng thang D.
S: d:
3
1 2
1
x t
y t
z t
= - +

= -

= -

.



Chan thanh cam n cac ban ong nghiep va cac em hoc sinh a oc tap tai lieu nay.
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