Chuong 2 - Cau Tao Cau Dam

- Chng 2:Cu to cu dm thp - Bi ging cu thp F
1
Chng 2
Cu to Kt cu nhp cu dm thp
2.1.Khi nim chung
2.1.1. Khi nim v cu dm thp.
- Kt cu nhp cu dm thp bao gm cc b phn sau:
+ Dm ch (dm thp): ng vai tr chu lc ch yu.
+ H mt cu: bn b tng mt cu, lp ph mt cu: ti trng xe
v truyn xung cc dm ch.
+ H lin kt ngang cu: lin kt cc dm ch ng thi tng cng
cng cho kt cu nhp theo phng ngang cu. Ngoi ra dm ngang ti mt
ct gi cn l ch t kch nng h cc cm dm trong qu trnh thi
cng.
+ H lin kt dc cu: Lin kt cc dm ch ng thi chu cc p lc
theo phng ngang cu.
2.1.2. Cc s tnh hc.
- S dm gin n.
+ Phn b ni lc: Biu m men ch c du (+) v gi tr ln nht l
ti gia nhp.
+ Phn b vt liu: Vt liu tp trung
ch yu khu vc gia nhp do ni lc
do tnh ti ln, d tr kh nng chu hot
ti km nn kh nng vt nhp thp. Hnh
2.1: Dmgin n
+ Kh nng vt nhp hp l: L 40 m.
- S hng (s mt tha)
+ Phn b ni lc: Biu m men xut hin M
-
ti mt ct gi v M
+
ti mt ct gia nhp.
+ Phn b vt liu: Vt liu
tp trung ch yu khu vc mt
ct gi do kt cu nhp nh nn
kh nng vt nhp tt hn so vi kt
cu nhp gin n . Hnh 2.2:
KCN gin n mt tha.
- S dm hng + nhp eo:
Kt cu nhp c nhp eo thng
khai thc khng m thun, lc
xung kch ln, khe co gin phi
cu to phc tp do hin nay rt t dng. Hnh 2.3:
KCN hng + Nhp eo
- Nguyn Vn Vnh - B mn
Cu Hm - H GTVT
16
M
M
M
1
- S dm lin tc: Phn b ni lc: Gi tr M
-
ti mt ct gi ln hn M
+
ti
mt ct gia nhp d
pht huy c ht kh nng
lm vic ca vt liu.

Hnh 2.4: S KCN lin
tc.
T l phn chia cc nhp trong kt cu nhp lin tc.
1. Khi cu c 2 nhp th nn chn: L
1
= L
2
.
2. Khi cu c 3 nhp th nn chn t l:
( ) 8 , 0 7 , 0
g
b
L
L
3. Khi cu c 5 nhp th nn chn: L
1
: L
2
: L
3
= 1: 0,75 : 0,4
Hnh 2.5: T l phn chia nhp trong KCN lin tc
2.1.3. Cc dng cu dm thp.
2.1.3.1. Cu dm c (Steel Beam).
- Cu dm c hay cn gi l cu dm khng lin hp, y l mt dng ca
kt cu nhp cu thp, trong dm ch c th c cu to t cc dm
thp nh hnh hoc cc dm t hp vi cc dng mt ct ch I, [ .... Bn
mt cu th tu theo mc ch s dng c th cu to bng g hoc bng
btng.
- Cu dm c thng c p dng cho cc kt cu nhp cu nh, cu tm
phc v thi cng trong thi gian ngn.
- Cc dng mt ct ngang dm ch: Trong
kt cu nhp cu dm c th dm ch c
th c cu to theo dng:
+ Dm thp nh hnh.
+ Dm t hp: Dm t hp hn hoc
t hp inh tn hay bng bulng cng
cao.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
17
M
1

Hnh 2.6: Mt ct dm I
Dmnhhnh Dmth phn Dmth pinhtn
Hnh 2.7: Cc dng mt ct ngang cu dm thp.
Trong cc dng mt ct ngang dm ch th dng mt ct ch I l c
s dng ph bin nht v y l mt ct ph hp i vi dm chu un v
do c th pht huy c ht kh nng lm vic ca mt ct. Mt ct
ch I c th c cu to bng dm nh hnh hoc bng dm t hp hn
v t hp inh tn nh hnh v.
2.1.3.2. Cu dm lin hp Thp - BTCT (Composite Beam)
- i vi cu dm thp khng lin hp c bn mt cu bng btng, trong tr-
ng hp cu chu ti trng ln,
ng thi di tc dng ca
hin tng co ngt, t bin v
thay i nhit th bn b
tng mt cu c hin tng b
trt v bong khi dm thp nn
tui th ca cu dm thp
khng lin hp thng khng
cao.
Hnh 2.8:
KCN cu dm lin hp
- khc phc nhc im trn
ca cu dm khng lin hp ta
tin hnh b tr h thng neo lin kt gia cnh trn ca dm thp vi
bn b tng to ra hiu ng lin hp Thp - BTCT. Khi :
+ Dm thp ng vai tr chu un v ko ng thi.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
18
1
+ Bn b tng ng vai tr nh mt h lin kt dc trn v tham gia chu
nn thay cho bn cnh trn ca dm ch, lm tng chiu cao v tit din lm
vic ca dm, do gim c chiu cao dm thp.
2.1.3.3. Cu dm hp.
- Trong cc kt cu nhp cu thp lin tc c chiu di nhp ln th vic dng
dm ch c mt ct ch I hoc ch [ s khng cn hp l v khi chiu
cao dm s rt ln ng thi kh nng
chng xon ca dm khng cao. Khi ta
nn s dng dm ch c dng mt ct
hp tng cng kh nng chu lc v
chng xon cho dm. Tu theo b rng
ca mt ct ngang cu m ta c th cu
to 1 hp, 2 hp hoc nhiu hp. Hnh 2.9: Mt ct dm
hp
- Mt ct dm hp thng c cu to t hp t thp bn bng cc lin kt
hn v lin kt inh tn.
Hnh 2.10: Mt ct ngang cu dm hp

- Tuy nhin dm hp cng c nhc im ln l vic cu to cng nh bo d-
ng rt phc tp. Do khi cu to mt ct dm hp th ta khng nn cu
to hp kn hon ton v nh th s rt kh thc hin cc lin kt v vic sn,
sa khi cn thit trong qu trnh khai thc.
2.1.3.4. Cu dm thp c bn trc hng (Orthotropic)
- Cu bn trc hng l loi cu trong dng bn mt cu bng thp thay
cho bn mt cu bng BTCT. Khng k chiu dy lp o ng bng btng
atphan dy t 5
7 cm, th cu bn trc hng c coi nh hon ton bng

thp.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
19
1
L p ph mt cu Thp chng tr t
S n tng c ng dc Thp tm S n tng c ng ngang
S n tng c ng ngang
S n tng c ng dc
Thp tm S n tng c ng
Thp chng tr t L p ph mt cu
Thp chng tr t
Hnh 2.11: Mt cu bn thp trc hng (Orthotropic)
- Trong cu c bn trc hng , bn mt cu thng c cng theo c hai ph-
ng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp th bn thp mt cu c hn thm cc s-
n tng cng dc, cc sn tng cng ny c t tng i gn nhau song
song vi hng xe chy. H sn dc ny bin bn thp t ng hng sang
khng ng hng. Cc sn dc li c k trn cc sn ngang, khi bn thp
chuyn t khng ng hng sang trc hng v ta gi l bn thp trc hng
(Orthotropic).
- Bn mt cu trc hng lm vic nh
tc ng ca nhiu b phn ring r.
p lc s truyn xung sn dc, sn
dc truyn xung sn ngang v t s-
n ngang truyn xung dm hoc
dn ch.
- Cu bn trc hng c trng lng bn
thn nh nn n c bit thch hp
vi cc nhp di khi t s mmen do
tnh ti v hot ti ln.
- Kt cu bn trc hng c th p
dng cho bn mt cu hoc cho c
dm ch trong trng hp dm hp.
Hnh 2.12: Mt cu Thng Long
Cu Hm - H GTVT
20
1
2.2.Cu to mt cu
2.2.1. Mt cu cho ng t.
2.2.1.1. Mt cu bng btng
Atphalt.
- Cu to:
- Lp mui luyn (lp va m):
+ Cu to bng va ximng mc
150
200.
+ Chiu dy: t = 1
2cm
+ Tc dng: To dc theo phng ngang cu.
Hnh 2.13: Mt cu btng atphan.
- Lp phng nc:
+ Cu to t gm mt lp nha ng nng ti trn b mt ca lp va
m, tip theo l mt lp vi th tm nha v trn cng l mt lp nha ng
nng.
+ Chiu dy: t = 1
1,5cm
+ Tc dng: m bo khng thm nc mt xung bn btng mt cu.
- Lp btng bo h:
+ Cu to bng btng mc 200.
+ Chiu dy: t = 3
4cm
+ Tc dng: Chu p lc cc b t bnh xe truyn xung v phn u
xung bn btng mt cu.
- Lp btng atphan:
+ Cu to t hn hp btng nha di nng hoc di m.
+ Chiu dy: t = 5
7cm
+ Tc dng: To ra b mt m thun cho xe chy, hn ch lc xung kch
truyn xung bn btng mt cu.
- u, nhc im v phm vi p dng:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
21
G chn bnh
L p mui luyn h=2.0cm
L p phng n c h=1cm
L p b tng bo vh=3cm
L p b tng Atphal h=5cm
2%
1
+ Mt ng bng btng atphan c kh nng chng thm tt, thi cng
nhanh.
+ To ra mt ng m thun cho xe chy hn ch lc xung kch truyn
xung bn btng mt cu v hn ch ting n.
+ Gi thnh r hn mt ng bng btng xi mng.
+ Tui th thp khong 10
20 nm v nhanh b hao mn do tng

chi ph duy tu bo dng.
+ Hin nay mt ng bng btng atphan ang c p dng ph bin.
2.2.1.2. Mt cu bng btng ximng.
- Cu to:
- Lp mui luyn (lp va m):
+ Cu to bng va ximng mc
150
200.
+ Chiu dy: t = 1
2cm
+ Tc dng: To dc theo phng
ngang cu. Hnh 2.14: Mt cu btng
ct thp.
- Lp phng nc:
+ Cu to t gm mt lp nha ng nng ti trn b mt ca lp va
m, tip theo l mt lp vi th tm nha v trn cng l mt lp nha ng
nng.
+ Chiu dy: t = 1
1,5cm
+ Tc dng: m bo khng thm nc mt xung bn btng mt cu.
- Lp btng ct thp:
+ Cu to bng btng mc 300.
+ Chiu dy: t = 6
8cm
+ Tc dng: Chu p lc cc b t bnh xe truyn xung v phn u
xung bn btng mt cu. ng thi to ra mt ng cho xe chy.
+ Mt ng btng ximng c tui th khong 50
60 nm cao hn
mt ng bng btng atphan v t b hao mn do gim chi ph
duy tu bo dng.
+ Mt ng bng BTCT c kh nng chng thm tt.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
22
G chnbnh
L p mui luyn h=2.0cm
L p phng n c h=1cm
2%
L i ct thp 20@20
L p b tng ct thp h=5cm
1
+ Mt ng khng m thun cho xe chy gy ra lc xung kch v ting
n ln khi c xe chy qua cu.
+ Gi thnh t hn mt ng bng btng atphan.
+ Hin nay mt ng bng BTCT t c p dng.
2.2.1.3. Mt cu bng thp bn trc hng (Orthotropic)
atphan dy t 5

thp.
S n tng c ng ngang
S n tng c ng dc
Thp tm S n tng c ng
Thp chng tr t
- Chiu dy bn thp: t = 20
30mm.
- Khong cch gia cc sn: a = 30
50cm.
- Cc sn tng cng c th b tr ng hoc nghing v trong tnh ton th
n cng thuc mt ct tnh ton ca dm ch. Do ti ch giao nhau gia
sn dc v sn ngang th sn ngang thng c khot l cho sn dc lin
tc.
- Cc dng cu to sn dc:
+ Dng mt ct h: c th cu to t thp bn, thp hnh I, L, [ hoc
ch T ngc. Dng mt ct h c cu to n gin, tuy nhin kh nng
tng cng cng chng xon cho bn thp mt cu km.
Hnh 2.16: Dng sn c mt ct h.
+ Dng mt ct kn: c th cu to t thp bn c hn thnh cc tit
din ch V, U hoc hnh bn nguyt. Tuy cu to c phn phc tp hn
Cu Hm - H GTVT
23
L pph mt cu
Thp chng tr t
1
nhng dng mt ct kn ny li c kh nng tng cng cng chu un
v chng xon cho bn thp tt hn so vi loi mt ct h.
Hnh 2.17: Dng sn c mt ct kn.
- Sn ngang (dm ngang):
+ Lin kt cc dm ch hoc cc mt phng dn ch, ng thi h
thng sn dc v bn mt cu.
+ Sn ngang thng c cu to t cc dm nh hnh hoc dm t hp
c dng mt ct ch I hoc [...
+ Khong cch gia cc sn ngang thng t 2
4m.
+ Cu bn trc hng c trng l-
ng bn thn nh nn n c bit
thch hp vi cc nhp di khi t s
mmen do tnh ti v hot ti ln.
+ Do bn mt cu c lm
bng thp chng r nn gi thnh loi
mt cu ny cao hn so vi mt cu
khc.
+ Kt cu bn trc hng c th
p dng cho bn mt cu hoc cho
c dm ch trong trng hp dm hp.

2.2.2. Mt cu cho ng st.
2.2.2.1. Mt cu c mng balt.
- Cu to:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
24
L pph mt cu
Thp chng tr t
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 Dmch
2 Dmngang
3 Mng dm
4 balt ( dm)
5 T vt g
6 Ray chnh
7 Ray ph
Hnh 2.19: Mt cu ng st c mng dm
- Chiu rng lng mng: B 340cm vi ng ray kh 1435 v B 260cm vi
ng ray kh 1000.
- Khong cch gia ray chnh v ray ph: a = 20
24cm.
- Chiu dy lp balt di t vt: t20cm.
+ Loi mt cu c mng dm to ra s ng nht v cng gia
ng v cu do m bo tu chy m thun nht, hn ch ti a
lc xung kch.
+ Trong trng hp cu t trn ng cong bng th loi mt cu ny
cho php to c siu cao bng cch thay i chiu dy ca lp dm.
+ Nhc im chnh l tng tnh ti mt cu v tng chiu cao kin trc
ca cu nn hin nay thng t s dng c bit l trong cu dn thp.
2.2.2.2. Mt cu trn (t vt t trc tip ln dm).
- Cu to:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 Dmch
2 Dmngang
3 T vt
4 G g
5 Lan can
6 Ray chnh
7 Ray ph
8 Li b
8
Hnh 2.20: Mt cu c t vt t trc tip ln dm dc.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
25
1
- Khong cch gia cc dm thp d = 1,8
2,5m.
- Trn kh ng st 1000 mm.
+ Chiu di t vt: L = 3m.
+ Kch thc thanh t vt g: 20x22 cm.
+ Khong cch gia cc thanh tvt: a = 10
15cm.
- Trn kh ng st 1435 mm.
+ Chiu di t vt: L = 3m.
+ Kch thc thanh t vt g: 20x24 cm.
+ Khong cch gia cc thanh tvt: a = 10
15cm.
- G g: kch thc 20x16cm, c tc dng b cht cc thanh t vt vi dm ch
cc thanh tvt khng b chch v tr. Khong cch gia cc thanh g g
b = 30
40cm.
- Ray ph:
+ Vai tr: Ray ph c b tr phng trng hp tu b trt bnh
th tu s khng b trt qu xa ra khi ng ray, tc l khi tu khng
b vng ra khi cu.
+ Ray ph c cu to t ray c s hiu s hiu ca ray chnh.
+ Khong cch gia ray chnh v ray ph: a = 20
24cm.
+ i vi cu thng th ray ph cn phi b tr khi cu c chiu di L
25m v i vi cu cong th ray ph cn b tr khi cu c chiu di L
10m v bn knh cong R1000m.
+ Ray ph c b tr trong phm vi trn cu v on ng u cu c
chiu di L10. v c un ni chp li vi nhau nhm mc ch dn h-
ng cho bnh xe i vo lng gia ray chnh v ray ph.
Hnh 2.21: Mt cu trn c t vt t trc tip ln dm dc.
+ Mt cu loi ny c cu to n gin, gim c tnh ti mt cu v
chiu cao kin trc ca cu nn c p dng kh ph bin hin nay.
+ Nhc im chnh l kh m bo s ng nht v cng gia -
ng trn cu v ngoi cu nn thng gy ra lc xung kch v ting n ln khi
Cu Hm - H GTVT
26
1
c tu. ng thi loi mt cu ny rt kh to c siu cao khi cu t trn
ng cong bng.
2.2.2.3. Mt cu ray t trc tip trn dm dc.
- Cu to:
Hnh 2.22: Mt cu c ray t trc tip ln dm dc
- Trong cc cu c chiu di nhp ln, gim tnh ti mt cu v chiu
cao kin trc ca cu th c th lin kt trc tip ray vi bn btng mt cu
hoc vi dm dc bng BTCT.
- gim chn th pha di ray c th b tr bn m cao su v bn m
thp, sau dng bulng lin kt ray vi bn btng mt cu. C th
dng thp gc thay cho ray ph. Tc tu chy cng cao, cp ti trng
ca tu cng ln th lin kt gia ray vi bn mt cu cng phc tp.
+ Loi mt cu c ray t trc tip ln dm dc thng qua h thng
cc hm c u im l gim tnh ti mt cu v gim chiu cao kin
trc cu.
+ Lin kt gia ray vi bn btng mt cu rt phc tp.
+ Khng m bo s ng nht v cng gia ng v cu nn th-
ng gy ting n v lc xung kch ln trong qu trnh khai thc.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
27
1
2.3.cu dm thp khng lin hp
(Steel Beam)
2.3.1. Cu to chung.
- Cu to:
A
A
B
B
Cu Hm - H GTVT
28
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 Dmch
2 Dmngang
3 Tvt
4 G g
5 Lancan
6 Raychnh
7 Rayph
8 Li b
8
Hnh 2.23: Mt ct ngang cu dm trn ng st.
Kt cu nhp cu dm thp c th l khng lin hp hoc lin hp. Trong
kt cu cu khng lin hp th dm thp lm vic c lp vi bn mt cu
c khi chu tnh ti v hot ti. Ton b tnh ti v hot ti s do mt mnh
dm thp chu, cn bn mt cu ch c vai tr truyn p lc do hot ti
xung dm thp do dm thp phi c chiu cao ln hn. y l nhc
im ln nht ca cu dm thp khng lin hp.
Trong trng hp cu chu ti trng ln, ng thi di tc dng ca hin t-
ng co ngt, t bin v thay i nhit th bn b tng mt cu c hin
tng b trt v bong khi dm thp nn tui th ca cu dm thp khng lin
hp thng khng cao.
Cu dm thp khng lin hp thng c p dng cho cc cu nh phc v
thi cng trong thi gian ngn, khi bn mt cu c th c lm bng cc
dm dc dm ngang g, pha trn l vn lt v bng ln thp.
Dm thp lin hp v khng lin hp u c th dng cho cc nhp gin
n cng nh lin tc. i vi cc nhp nh v va (L 30m) th c th dng
cc thp cn nh hnh c mt ct ch I, [. i vi cc nhp ln hn v nhp
lin tc th c th dng dm t hp bng lin kt hn hoc lin kt inh tn.
2.3.2. Cu to dm ch.
2.3.2.1. Cn c la chn kt cu dm ch.
- Trong kt cu nhp cu dm thp th h thng dm ch l b phn quan
trng nht v l b phn chu cc ti trng tc dng ln cu nh: trng lng bn
thn ca cc b phn v hot ti khai thc trn cu. Kt cu dm ch s quyt
nh kh nng chu ti v kh nng vt nhp ca cu.
- Cc cn c la chn kt cu dm ch:
+ Chiu di tnh ton nhp: L
tt
.
+ B rng mt cu.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
29
1
+ iu kin thng thuyn, thng xe.
+ iu kin a cht, thy vn.
+ Quy m ti trng khai thc trn cu.
+ Cng ngh ch to v kh nng thi cng kt cu nhp.
2.3.2.2. S lng dm ch.
- S lng dm ch trn mt ct ngang cu c nh hng rt ln n kh nng
chu lc, kh nng vt nhp v tng gi thnh xy dng ca cu. Trong thit
k thng c hai quan im l s dng s dm ch t hoc s dng nhiu
dm ch.
+ Trng hp s dm t: n
dc
= 2
4: Khi gim chi ph thp ch to dm

v chi ph thi cng cu. Tuy nhin ni lc trong dm ln do phi tng chiu
cao dm dn n tng chiu di cu cng nh chiu cao t p nn ng
u cu => tng tng chi ph xy dng cng trnh.
+ Trng hp s dm nhiu: n
dc
> 4: Khi ni lc trong dm nh d
gim chiu cao dm cng nh chiu di cu v chiu cao t p nn ng
u cu do gim c tng chi ph xy dng cng trnh. Tuy nhin tng
chi ph vt liu thp ch to dm cng nh chi ph thi cng kt cu nhp do
s cm dm phi lao lp ln hn v ng thi tng tnh ti mt cu.
Nh vy tu vo trng hp c th v quan im thit k m ta so snh
v la chn phng n s dm ch ti u nht trn nguyn tc vn m
bo kh nng chu lc ca cu v gi thnh cng trnh l nh nht.
+ i vi cu ng st ta thng chn kt cu nhp c cu to 2 dm ch
tng ng vi khong cch gia hai ng ray.
+ i cu ng t th s dm ch trn mt ct ngang c la chn
cn c vo b rng ca mt cu. Thng thng ta nn chn s dm ch sao
cho khong cch gia cc dm ch S = 1,2
2,5m m bo b rng tnh

ton ca bn btng mt cu.
2.3.2.3. Chiu cao dm thp. (H
sb
)
- Chiu cao dm ch c la chn ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
+ Chiu di nhp tnh ton: L
tt
.
+ S lng dm ch trn mt ct ngang.
+ Quy m ca ti trng khai thc.
- Xc nh chiu cao ca dm ch theo iu kin cng : Chiu cao dm
ch c la chn v tnh duyt theo iu kin:
r u
M M
Trong :
+ M
r
: Sc khng un tnh ton ca mt ct dm ch.
+ M
u
: Mmen tnh ton ln nht do ti trng gy ra, M
u
= M
tt
max
- Xc nh chiu cao ca dm ch theo iu kin cng (bin dng):
Cu Hm - H GTVT
30
1
[ ]
LL
Trong :
+
LL
: L vng ln nht do hot ti gy ra.
+ []: L vng cho php.
- Xc nh chiu cao dm theo cng thc kinh nghim: trng hp dm c
chiu cao khng thay i:
+ Nhp gin n:
40
1
L
H
sb
+ Nhp lin tc:
30
1
L
H
sb
2.3.2.4. T l cu to chung ca dm ch.
- Dm ch yu chu un do phi c cu to m bo
t l sau:
9 , 0 1 , 0
y
yc
I
I
Trong :
+ I
yc
: Mmen qun tnh ca bn cnh chu nn i vi
trc thng ng Oy.
+ I
y
: Mmen qun tnh ca mt ct dm i vi trc
thng ng Oy.
- Ngoi ra chiu dy ca cnh dm, sn dm (tr sn dm
ca thp I cn) phi ln hn 8mm, cn chiu dy sn dm ca thp I hoc
[ phi ln hn 7mm. Hnh 2.24: Mt ct dm
thp
2.3.2.5. Mt s khi nim c bn.
- Dm lai: L dm thp c thit k vi thp sn dm c cng chy ti
thiu quy nh thp hn ca mt hoc c hai bn cnh.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
31
x
y
o
1
- Mt ct c chc: l mt ct c th pht trin mmen do ton phn M
p
trc khi mt n nh xon ngang hoc mt n nh cc b ca bn bin
hay ca sn dm xy ra.
- Mt ct khng c chc: l mt ct c th pht trin mt mmen bng
hay ln hn M
y
nhng nh hn M
p
, trc khi mt n nh cc b ca bt c b
phn chu nn no ca n xy ra.
- Mt ct mnh l mt ct m cc b phn chu nn ca n l mnh n
mc chng b mt n nh cc b trc khi t n mmen chy M
y
.
=> Tm li: Mt ct c chc l mt ct t n mmen do trc khi mt
n nh cc b, cn mt ct khng c chc l tit din mt n nh
cc b trc khi t n mmen do v mt ct mnh l mt ct b mt n
nh cc b trc kh t n mmen chy M
y
.
- Yu cu v tnh do: Mt ct lin hp mun tin dn n mmen do M
p
th bn btng phi c bo v khng b nt nh khng c thi cng tnh ti
giai on II khi bn btng cha t 80% cng theo yu cu.
- Mt ct thc ca tit din chu un: trong cc cu kin chu un c th b
qua cc l bt bulng cng cao hoc cc l h c ng knh
khng qu 32mm min l din tch b khuyt i 15% din tch nguyn ca
bn cnh. i vi mi din tch b tiu hao >15% din tch bn cnh th khi
tnh ton phi tr i phn din tch b tiu hao.
- i vi cu lin hp nu khng b tr h lin kt dc di th khi tnh ton mt
ct thc tnh mi sc khng, chiu rng bn cnh di phi c tr i hai
ln b
w
l b rng chu lc gi ngang, b
w
c ly theo iu 6.10.3.5.1 trong
Quy trnh.
- Mt ct chu un dng l mt ct chu mmen dng tc l khi bn
cnh di ca dm chu ko, cn bn cnh trn v bn btng mt cu s tham
gia chu nn. Nh vy mt ct s lm vic theo ng ngha ca mt ct
lin hp Thp BTCT.
- Mt ct chu un m l mt ct chu mmen m, thng gp i vi kt
cu nhp cu dm lin hp lin tc. Khi bn cnh di ca dm thp s chu
nn cn bn cnh trn s chu ko. Bn btng ch tham gia lm vic khi cha
b nt cn khi b nt th ta coi nh bn btng khng tham gia lm vic vi
dm thp. Nh vy mt ct lin hp s ch gm c dm thp v ct thp b
tr trong bn btng.
2.3.3. Kch thc cc b phn ca dm ch.
2.3.3.1. Kch thc bn bng (Web).
- Chiu cao bn bng c xc nh theo chiu cao ca dm ch. Thng th-
ng trong thit k ta chn chiu cao bn bng bng vi b rng ca cc bn
thp cn nh hnh c sn xut trnh vic phi hn thm hay ct
bt cc bn thp.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
32
1
Thng thng ta c th chn s b chiu cao bn bng theo cng thc:
1 , 1 04 , 1
sb
w
H
D
- Chiu dy bn bng: Xc nh theo tnh ton m bo kh nng chu
ct v n nh cc b ca sn dm. Ta c th s b chn theo cng thc:
+ Dm bng thp cacbon:
w w
D t .
5 , 12
1
+ Dm bng thp hp kim:

w w
D t .
10
1
- Theo quy nh ca Quy trnh AASHTO th chiu dy cc bn thp phi

m bo:
+ t 0,23inh = 0,23.2,54cm
0,6cm = 6mm.
+ Tuy nhin trong cu to cc dm thp t hp th trnh hin tng
cong vnh bn thp khi thc hin lin kt c bit l lin kt hn th ta
nn chn bn thp c chiu dy t12mm.
- trnh hin tng mt n nh cc b th sn dm phi c cu to sao
cho:
+ Khi khng c sn tng cng dc:
c w
c
f
E
77 , 6
t
D 2
+ Khi c sn tng cng dc:

c w
c
f
E
t
D
63 , 11
2
Trong :
+ t
w
: Chiu dy ca sn dm.
+ D
c
: Chiu cao vng chu nn ca sn dm trong giai on n hi
(mm).
+ f
c
: ng sut ti trng tm cnh chu nn do ti trng tnh ton (MPa).
+ E: Mun n hi ca thp.
2.3.3.2. Kch thc bn cnh (Flange).
- Bn cnh dm c chn theo iu kin thanh chu nn v un ng thi.
- Lc dc tc dng ln bn cnh:
o
u
c
h
M
S

Din tch bn cnh phi m bo:
y o
u
y
c
c
f h
M
f
S
F
.

Trong :
Cu Hm - H GTVT
33
Mu
Vu
Sc
Sc
1
+ M
u
: Mmen tnh ton ln nht. Hnh 2.25: S tnh
bn cnh
+ h
o
: Khong cch gia tim hai bn cnh.
+ f
y
: Gii hn chy ca thp.
=> Thng thng trong thit k ta chn trc chiu dy bn cnh t
c
sau
tnh ton v chn b rng bn cnh b
c
.
- B rng bn cnh phi m bo yu cu v cu to:
5 . 2 . 2 + +
w a c
t b b
(mm)
V

c
t a . 15
1

c
t a . 8
2
Trong :
+ b
a
: B rng cnh nm ngang ca thp gc
lin kt.
+ t
w
: Chiu dy bn bng.
+ 5mm: cha ra ti thiu ca bn cnh so
vi cnh thp gc.
+ a
1
: Khong cch t hng inh ngoi cng
lin kt bn cnh vi thp gc n mp ca
bn cnh.
+ a
2
: Khong cch t hng inh ngoi cng lin kt cc tp bn cnh
n mp ca bn cnh. Hnh 2.26: Quy nh cu to
+
c
t
: Tng chiu dy tp bn cnh,
d t
c
5 , 4
+ d: ng knh inh tn.

+ n: S tp bn cnh, n 7
9 bn.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
34
1
2.4.cu dm lin hp Thp BTCT
(Composite Beam)
2.4.1. Khi nim chung v cu lin hp.
- Kt cu Cu lin hp: l kt cu cu c s kt hp ca hai dng kt cu tr
ln nhm pht huy kh nng chu lc ca tng loi kt cu t tng kh
nng chu lc v kh nng vt nhp cho kt cu cu.
+ Cu dm + Vm.
Hnh 2.27a: Kt cu nhp lin hp Dm - Vm
+ Cu dm cng + Dy.
Hnh 2.27b: Kt cu nhp lin hp Dm Dy
+ Cu Dy treo + dn.
- Mt ct lin hp: l mt ct c s kt hp lm vic ca hai hay nhiu loi
vt liu khc nhau trn cng mt ct
nhm pht huy ht kh nng chu lc
ca tng loi vt liu t tng kh
nng chu lc cho mt ct dm.
+ Mt ct lin hp Thp Thp.
+ Mt ct lin hp Thp BTCT.
+ Mt ct lin hp Thp Polime.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
35
Dmthp
Bn BTCT
Thp th ng
Thp cng cao
Mt ct lin h p: Thp - Thp Mt ct lin h p: Thp - BTCT
1
+ Mt ct lin hp BTCT- BTCT DL Hnh 2.28: Mt ct dm lin
hp
Trong cc dng mt ct lin hp th mt ct dm thp lin hp BTCT l
loi mt ct in hnh v c s dng nhiu nht.
2.4.2. nguyn l lm vic ca cu dm lin hp Thp BTCT.
2.4.2.1. Nguyn tc cu to.
- i vi cu dm thp khng lin hp c bn mt cu bng btng, trong tr-
ng hp cu chu ti trng ln,
ng thi di tc dng ca
hin tng co ngt, t bin v
thay i nhit th bn b
tng mt cu c hin tng b
trt v bong khi dm thp nn
tui th ca cu dm thp
khng lin hp thng khng
cao.
Hnh 2.29:
KCN cu dm lin hp
- khc phc nhc im trn
ca cu dm khng lin hp ta
tin hnh b tr h thng neo lin kt gia cnh trn ca dm thp vi
bn b tng to ra hiu ng lin hp Thp BTCT. Khi :
+ Dm thp ng vai tr chu un v ko ng thi.
+ Bn b tng ng vai tr nh mt h lin kt dc trn v tham gia chu
nn thay cho bn cnh trn ca dm ch, lm tng chiu cao v tit din lm
vic ca dm, do gim c chiu cao dm thp.
2.4.2.2. Nguyn l lm vic.
- Tu theo bin php thi cng kt cu nhp m cu dm lin hp c cc giai
on lm vic khc nhau. Do khi tnh ton thit k cu dm lin hp th
ta phi phn tch r qu trnh hnh thnh kt cu trong cc giai on lm
vic t khi ch to, thi cng n khi a kt cu nhp vo khai thc.
a. Trng hp 1: Cu dm lin hp thi cng theo bin php lp ghp hoc lao
ko dc khng c gio hay tr tm di. Trong trng hp ny dm lin hp
lm vic theo 2 giai on:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
36
1
Giai on I: Sau khi thi cng xong dmthp
Giai onI: Saukhi bn b tng mt cu
Giai onII: Giai on khai thc
Dmthp
Dmthp
Bnb tng
Bnb tng L pph mt cu
Hot ti
Dmthp
Hnh 2.30: Cc giai on lm vic ca cu dm lin hp.
- Giai on 1: Khi thi cng xong dm thp.
+ Mt ct tnh ton: l mt ct dm thp.
+ Ti trng tnh ton: (tnh ti giai on I)
1 Trng lng bn thn dm.
2 Trng lng h lin kt dc v ngang.
3 Trng lng bn btng v nhng phn
b tng c cng vi bn btng mt
cu.

Hnh 2.31: Mt ct
dm G I
- Giai on 2: Khi bn mt cu t c-
ng v tham gia lm vic to ra hiu
ng lin hp gia dm thp v bn BTCT.
+ Mt ct tnh ton l mt ct lin
hp Thp - BTCT
+ Ti trng tnh ton:
1 Tnh ti giai on II bao gm
trng lng lp ph mt cu, chn
lan can, g chn bnh (nu cc
b phn ny c btng
hoc lp ghp sau khi tho d
vn khun bn btng mt cu...
2 Hot ti. Hnh 2.32: Mt ct dm giai
on II
Cu Hm - H GTVT
37
I I
H
s
b
D
w
D
c
2
II II
I I
Y
1
Z
1
H
c
b
1
b. Trng hp 2: Cu dm lin hp thi cng theo bin php lp ghp trn
gio c nh hoc c tr tm di.
Giai on I: Giai on thi cng
Dmthp
Bn b tng
Giai on II: Giai on khai thc
Bn b tng L pph mt cu
Hot ti
Dmthp
Hnh 2.33: Trng hp thi cng KCN trn gio c nh.
- Giai on I: Trong giai on thi cng th ton b trng lng ca kt cu
nhp v ti trng thi cng s do kt cu gio di chu, nh vy trong giai
on ny mt ct dm cha lm vic.
- Giai on II: Sau khi d gio th trng lng ca kt cu nhp mi truyn
ln cc dm ch, mt ct lm vic trong giai on ny l mt ct lin hp.
Nh vy ti trng tc dng ln dm ch s gm: Tnh ti giai on I, tnh ti
giai on II, hot ti.
- Nh vy nu thi cng theo trng hp th 2 ny th mt ct dm ch ch
lm vic theo 1 giai on l mt ct lin hp, do pht huy ti a c
kh nng lm vic ca mt ct dm lin hp v hn ch c s chu lc bt
li ca dm thp. Tuy nhin khng phi lc no ta cng c th thi cng lp
ghp kt cu nhp trn h gio c nh di nh vy, m trong thc t
th kt cu nhp cu dm thp li thng c thi cng theo bin php cu lp
hoc lao ko dc, do ta thng xt n s lm vic ca mt ct dm
lin hp theo hai giai on nh phn tch trn.
2.4.2.3. c im ca cu dm lin hp Thp - BTCT.
- im khc bit ln nht gia cu dm lin hp v khng lin hp l a
c bn btng vo lm vic cng vi dm ch, khi bn b tng ng vai
tr nh mt h lin kt dc trn ng thi tham gia chu nn thay cho bn
cnh trn ca dm ch t lm tng chiu cao tit din lm vic ca dm
v gim c chiu cao dm thp. Nh vy cu dm lin hp pht huy c
ht kh nng lm vic hp l ca cc loi vt liu = > Tit kim c vt liu
ch to dm.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
38
1
- Nhc im chnh l tnh ti mt cu ln v phi ch to h thng neo lin
hp. Tuy nhin c th thy cu dm lin hp u im hn hn so vi cu khng
lin hp nn hin nay n v ang c p dng rt ph bin.
- Kh nng vt nhp:
+ Kt cu nhp gin n: L
nhip
50m.
+ Kt cu nhp lin tc: L
nhip
90m.
- i vi kt cu nhp c chiu di L 90m th ta thng cu to dm c chiu
cao mt ct thay i:
+ To thm m cho kt cu.
+ Tn dng ht kh nng chu lc ca vt liu do tit kim vt liu.
+ Gim tnh ti mt cu.
+ S thay i chiu cao mt ct ca dm thp c thc hin cn c
theo biu mmen do ti trng gy ra.
2.4.3. Cu to cu dm lin hp Thp - BTCT
2.4.3.1. Cu to chung.
A
A
B
B
1/2 Mt ct gi 1/2 Mt ct gia
2% 2%
L pb tngnhady5cm
L pphngn cdy1cm
L pbtngbohdy4cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
Bnmtcudy20cm
Hnh 2.34: Cu to mt ct ngang cu
1. Dm ch. 5. Bn btng mt cu.
2. Dm ngang ti mt ct gi. 6. Lp ph mt cu.
3. H lin kt ngang ti mt ct trung gian. 7. Vch sn.
4. H lin kt dc cu. 8. Lan can.
2.4.3.2. Cu to dm ch (Steel beam)
- Chiu cao dm ch nh hn so vi chiu cao dm thp khng lin hp.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
39
1
- Chiu cao phn dm thp:
+ Nhp gin n:
30
1
L
H
sb
+ Nhp lin tc:
35
1
L
H
sb
- Chiu cao ton b dm ch:
+ Nhp gin n:
25
1
L
H
cb
+ Nhp lin tc:
30
1
L
H
cb
Trong : H
sb
v H
cb
: l chiu cao mt
ct dm thp v dm lin hp.
Hnh 2.35: Mt ct dm ch
- Bn cnh trn ca dm thp thng cu to c b rng nh hn bn cnh di
do c bn b tng tham gia chu nn cng.Ch trong trng hp s dng dm
thp nh hnh th ta mi cu to cnh trn bng cnh di.
2.4.3.3. Cu to bn btng (Slab).
- Kch thc ca bn b tng c xc nh theo iu kin bn chu un di tc
dng ca ti trng cc b.
- Theo quy nh ca 22TCN.272 05 th chiu dy bn btng mt cu (t
s
)
phi ln hn 175mm. ng thi cn phi m bo theo iu kin chu lc,
thng ly theo bng 5.1 (A2.5.2.6.3 1) v cng thm khong 15mm lp hao
mn.
- Bn b tng c th cu to vt (haunch) dng ng vt cho, theo dng -
ng cong trn hoc c th khng cn cu to vt. Mc ch ca vic cu to
vt bn b tng l nhm lm tng chiu cao dm => tng kh nng chu lc
ca dm v to ra ch b tr h neo lin kt.
=>Thng thng thun tin cho vic ghp vn khun btng bn
th vt thng c cu to dng vt cho vi kch thc b
h
= t
h
= (10
20)cm.
2.4.4. Cu to h neo lin kt.
2.4.4.1. Vai tr ca neo lin kt.
- Neo l b phn lin kt bn b tng vi cnh trn ca dm thp m bo
cho bn btng khng b trt trong qu trnh chu lc t to ra hiu ng
lin hp gia dm thp vi bn BTCT.
- Neo c th c lm bng thp trn, thp bn hoc thp nh hnh v c
lin kt vi cnh trn ca dm thp bng ng hn, inh tn hoc bu lng.
- C 3 loi neo thng c dng ph bin l:
+ Neo cng: lm bng thp bn, thp gc...
+ Neo mm: Lm bng thp trn.
+ Neo inh m.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
40
H
s
b
D
w
D
c
2
II II
I I
Y
1
Z
1
H
c
b
1
Hnh 2.36: Cu to neo lin hp.
a. Neo cng, b. Neo inh m.
c. Neo mm 1 nhnh, d. Neo mm 2 nhnh.
2.4.4.2. Cu to neo.
a. Neo cng.
- Neo cng c cu to t thp bn, thp gc hoc thp ch [.
- Neo c cu to gn v thng dng cho mt cu lp ghp v khi l neo
thng b tr sn c kch thc nh.
Hnh 2.37a: Neo cng bng thp bn Hnh 2.37b: Neo cng bng
thp [
Hnh 2.37c: Neo cng bng thp L
b. Neo mm.
- Neo mm c cu to t cc thanh thp trn un cong thnh mt nhnh
hoc 2 nhnh sau c hn vo cnh trn ca dm thp.
- Neo mm chu lc km hn so vi neo cng tuy nhin kh nng lin kt vi
b tng tt hn neo cng. Theo quy nh ca QT79 th nn u tin dng neo
mm lin kt bn b tng v dm thp trong kt cu nhp lin hp.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
(a)
(b) (c) (d)
41
1
- Khi cu to v b tr neo mm phi tun theo cc quy nh sau:
+ C ly gia tim cc nhnh neo mm 3d (d l ng knh thp lm
neo).
+ Cc neo mm nn cu to dng hnh vnh khuyn v t nghing gc
45
o
so vi mt phng cnh trn dm ch.
>
5
c
m
>
3
d
>2,5cm
>
2
,
5
4
5
>3d
Hnh 2.38a: Neo mm chng trt
>
5
c
m
>
2
,
5
>2,5cm
>3d
Hnh 2.38b: Neo mm chng bc
Hnh 2.38c: Neo chng trt do ti trng.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
42
1
Hnh 2.38d: Neo chng trt do co ngt v thay i nhit .
c. Neo inh m.
- c cu to di dng cc inh m bng thp. Khi thi cng s dng sng hn h
quang bn hn do tc thi cng rt nhanh.
- y l loi neo c kh nng chu lc v c tin cy cao.
>
5
c
m
>2,5cm
Hnh 2.39: Neo inh m
- Cc quy nh v cu to neo inh m:
+ ng knh thn neo: d = 16
24mm.
+ Chiu cao neo phi ln hn 4 ln ng knh thn neo.
+ Bc neo tnh t tim n tim neo khng c vt qu 600mm v khng
nh hn 6 ln ng knh thn neo (A6.10.7.4.1b)
+ Theo phng ngang cu khong cch neo phi ln hn 4 ln ng knh
thn neo.
+ Khong cch tnh gia bn cnh trn ca dm thp v mp neo phi
ln hn 25mm (A6.10.7.4.1).
Cu Hm - H GTVT
43
1
+ Chiu dy tnh ca lp ph trn neo khng c nh hn 50mm. min
c vt, khi khong cch gia nh ca tit din thp v y bn
btng ln, neo chng ct cn chn su t nh 50mm trong bn
(A6.10.7.4.1d).
2.4.4.3. Nguyn tc b tr neo.
- Khong cch gia cc neo chng trt c tnh ton v b tr theo iu kin
chu lc gy trt gia bn b tng v bn cnh trn ca dm thp khi chu
lc.
- Ti v tr u dm do lc ct ln nn pht sinh lc bc bn b tng nn ta
phi b tr cc neo chu lc nh.
- Ngoi ti v tr u dm ta cn phi b tr cc neo chng trt do hin tng
co ngt v t bin ca b tng. Cc neo ny c chiu ngc vi chiu ca cc
neo chng trt do ti trng.
- Trong giai on mt ct chy do, nu nh thp lm neo c tnh do dai cho
php th s c s phn b li lc ct ngang TTGH cng . V nh vy th
khi lm vic trong giai on chy do th lc ct s bng nhau ti tt c cc
mt ct ca dm do neo c b tr vi khong cch u nhau l P trn
ton b chiu di dm.
2.5.cu dm thp bn trc hng
(Orthotropic)
2.5.1. Khi nim chung.
atphan dy t 5

thp.
S n tng c ng ngang
S n tng c ng dc
Thp tm S n tng c ng
Thp chng tr t
Cu Hm - H GTVT
44
1
- Trong cu c bn trc hng , bn mt cu thng c cng theo c hai ph-
ng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp th bn thp mt cu c hn thm cc s-
n tng cng dc, cc sn tng cng ny c t tng i gn nhau song
song vi hng xe chy. H sn dc ny bin bn thp t ng hng sang
khng ng hng. Cc sn dc li c k trn cc sn ngang, khi bn thp
chuyn t khng ng hng sang trc hng v ta gi l bn thp trc hng
(Orthotropic).
- Bn mt cu trc hng lm vic nh
tc ng ca nhiu b phn ring r.
p lc s truyn xung sn dc, sn
dc truyn xung sn ngang v t s-
n ngang truyn xung dm hoc
dn ch.
- Cu bn trc hng c trng lng bn
thn nh nn n c bit thch hp
vi cc nhp di khi t s mmen do
tnh ti v hot ti ln.
2.5.2. Cu to bn mt cu trc hng.
- Chiu dy bn thp: t = 12
24mm.
- Khong cch gia cc sn dc: a = 30
50cm.
- Cc sn tng cng c th b tr ng hoc nghing v trong tnh ton th
n cng thuc mt ct tnh ton ca dm ch. Do ti ch giao nhau gia
sn dc v sn ngang th sn ngang thng c khot l cho sn dc lin
tc.
- Cc dng cu to sn dc:
+ Dng mt ct h: c th cu to t thp bn, thp hnh I, L, [ hoc
ch T ngc. Dng mt ct h c cu to n gin, tuy nhin kh nng tng c-
ng cng chng xon cho bn thp mt cu km.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
45
L pph mt cu
Thp chng tr t
1
+ Dng mt ct kn: c th cu to t thp bn c hn thnh cc tit
din ch V, U hoc hnh bn nguyt. Tuy cu to c phn phc tp hn nhng
dng mt ct kn ny li c kh nng tng cng cng chu un v chng
xon cho bn thp tt hn so vi loi mt ct h.
- Sn ngang (dm ngang):
+ Lin kt cc dm ch hoc cc mt phng dn ch, ng thi h
thng sn dc v bn mt cu.
+ Sn ngang thng c cu to t cc dm nh hnh hoc dm t hp
c dng mt ct ch I hoc [...
+ Khong cch gia cc sn ngang thng t 2
4m.
2.6.cu dm thp un trc
(Prebeam)
2.6.1. Khi nim chung.
- Gn y khi nim b tng d ng lc v kiu b tng bc ngoi dm thp
c coi nh cc kiu cu kin b tng.Vi quan im ny dm thp c th c
s dng cng vi b tng d ng lc v v nguyn tc kt cu, kiu ny ging
ht nh dm b tng d ng lc s dng cp cng d ng lc.Kt cu ny
c pht trin ch yu Nht Bn vi tn gi tt l

PreBeam v c hn
500 cng trnh, k c cu v cc cng trnh khc s dng kt cu ny.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
46
L pph mt cu
Thp chng tr t
1
- Dm un trc l mt loi kt cu nhp ca dm thp ng sut trc. Cc dm
c to ng sut trc bng k
thut un trc dm do Lipski
ngh nm 1949.
- Dm un trc c dm thp
lm bng thp cng cao
hoc thp thng bc b
tng. Dm un trc to ra ng
sut ngc du vi ng sut do
ti trng gy ra trong b
tng v gim vng do
hot ti.
Hnh 2.44: Dm Prebeam
- c im:
+ Dm thp c bc kn, trnh c cc tc ng ca mi trng gy r
thp.
+ To ra ng sut trc trong dm, hn ch vt nt trong bn b tng m
khng cn phi s dng cc b cp d ng lc.
+ Chiu cao dm nh: H = 1,1
1,2m => Gim chiu cao kin trc ca

cu. ng thi kh nng vt nhp ca dm tng: L 38
42m.
+ Trong dm Prebeam btng c tc dng nh mt loi vt liu bo v cho
dm thp hnh, chu mt phn lc nn v lm tng kh nng gi n nh
ng lc hc cho ton b kt cu, gim mnh cho kt cu di tc dng
ca lc nn.
- Phng php to d ng lc l phng php un trc (Pre-flextion). y l ph-
ng php khai thc tnh chng un n hi cao ca dm thp to ra ng
sut nn trc vo btng bn cnh di.
- u im ca dm Prebeam
+ Nh c btng bao bc bn ngoi thp hnh nn dm Prebeam cn
m bo chng n mn dm thp v cn hn ch c ting n v rung
ca cu khi c xe chy qua.
+ Gim chiu cao dm: Dm Pre-beam c mt u im ln trong trng
hp yu cu kht khe v chiu cao dm bi v dm ny c cng rt cao
v cong nh khi c hot ti tc ng, iu ny cho thy gim c chiu
cao l iu rt r.
+ D dng bo dng: Do dm thp c bc kn bn trong dm btng
nn ta khng phi quan tm n vn bo dng chng g cho dm thp.
+ Cng ngh thi cng i hi phi s dng btng cng cao v thp
cng cao, kch c lc p ln, trnh thi cng cao. Nhng iu ny s
lm tng gi thnh cng trnh, theo tnh ton s b th gi thnh mt ct
Cu Hm - H GTVT
47
1
ngang ca cu dm Pre beam t hn dm PCI khong 6
7 ln. Tuy nhin

sau khi lm ch c cng ngh, p dng ch to dm hng lot vi s lng ln
v xt v chiu di vt nhp th gi thnh ca dm Prebeam gim xung
thp hn so vi gi thnh ca dm PCI thng thng. Vi tt c nhng u im
nu trn c th ni dm Pre-beam l mt trong nhng gii php kinh t nht
trong thi cng.
- Phm vi p dng:
+ Vi chiu di nhp L = 30
60m v chiu cao dm l 1,1m
3,0m. Dm
Prebeam c s dng rng ri i vi cc cu c chiu di L = 20
30m. Gn
y dm Prebeam c lin tc pht trin v tin ti p dng cho c cu c
nhiu nhp lin tc c th chng li lc ng t v cc tnh u vit khc.
+ Vi tnh nng ch yu l hn ch c chiu cao dm trong khi vn duy
tr c kh nng vt nhp nn cu dm Prebeam c p dng nhiu trong cc
cu vt ng b, ng st, cc cng trnh cu vt sng c thng thuyn v
cc cng trnh kin trc i hi c tnh m quan cao.
+ Dm Prebeam c dng kh ph bin ti Nht Bn: vi 750 cu ng
b, 29 cu ng st v 86 dm trong kin trc xy dng. Vit Nam trong
nhng nm gn y dm Prebeam c a vo s dng cho cc cng trnh
cu trn tuyn Ni Bi Bc Ninh (gm 6 cu vi 106 dm nhp L = 34
38m
v trn tuyn ng 5 ko di...Hin nay trong giai on II ca d n xy
dng tuyn Ni Bi Bc Ninh cng v ang c tip tc p dng loi
dm Prebeam ny.
2.6.2. Cu to cu dm Prebeam.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
48
1
2% 2%
Hnh 2.45a: Mt ct ngang cu.
Hnh 2.45b: Cu to dm ch.
2.6.2.2. So snh gia dm Prebeam v dm BTCTDL
- So snh dm BTDL PCI v dm Pre-beam trn tuyn Ni Bi Bc Ninh c
trnh by bng sau:
Hng mc Dm BTDL ch I Dm Pre-beam
Nhp=33
m
Chiu cao 1.8 1.1
S lng dm 5 hoc 6 10 hoc 12
Tng
chiu
di
Cu B1-4 396 231
Cu B1-5 495 297
Cu B1-14 792 660
Cu B1-15 264 198
Cu B1-OV 198 66
Tng cng 2145 1452
Nhp=38
m
Chiu cao 1.8 1.2
S lng dm 5 10
Chiu
di
Cu B1-1 302 236
Cu B1-12 505 362
Tng 807 598
So snh chi ph (US $) 8,185,574 8,074,335
2.6.2.3. Vt liu ch to dm.
a. Dm Thp.
- Dm thp l dm I t hp hn c ch to vi vng trc v dm ny c
phn cnh di lin kt vi thn dm bng lin kt hn v phn cnh trn lin
Cu Hm - H GTVT
49
1
kt vi thn dm bng lin kt bulng. Cp thp l cp SM520 v SM570 theo
tiu chun Nht Bn (Hoc tng ng vi tiu chun BS v ASTM ).
- i vi bn cnh di ta phi thit k cc neo hp (neo cng) lin hp dm
thp vi btng bn cnh di ca dm.
- i vi bn cnh trn ta phi thit k cc cht inh neo lin hp dm thp
vi bn mt cu.
b. Dm btng ct thp.
- Btng cnh di s dng btng cng cao c f
c
= 60MPa. Nh c cng
ngh un trc dm thp (Pre - flextion), ng sut nn trc c to ra trong
btng bn cnh di. Btng s dng ph gia gim nc c tnh nng cao, t l
ximng/nc bng t 0,3
0,35, st S = 18
21cm.
- Btng bn mt cu: c cng t f
c
= 30MPa c cu to nh bn btng
lin hp vi dm PCI bnh thng, ct thp chu lc l ct thp thng c b
tr thnh li dc v ngang bn.
- Btng bn bng: btng khng b bc tch v khng b nt ngi ta a
vo ct thp dc phn b v ct thp ai.
2.6.3. Trnh t ch to dm Prebeam.
2.6.3.1. Vt liu ch to.
- Ximng s dng trong btng dm Prebeam l ximng portland PC40 tr ln
v phi p ng y cc quy nh theo cc TCVN 2682 98.
+ Thi gian bt u ninh kt khng sm hn 1 gi.
+ Thi gian kt thc ninh kt khng sm hn 6 gi.
- Ct phi m bo cc yu cu k thut theo cc TCVN 1770 7986.
- Ct liu th l dm nghin t vi hoc Granit. Ct liu th phi
m bo cc yu cu k thut theo cc iu quy nh ca tiu chun Vit
Nam .
- Loi ph gia s dng l ph gia siu do gc amin sulfunate hoc poly
cacbonxylate.
- Thp bn: S dng thp bn ca Hn Quc, Trung Quc hoc Nht Bn loi
16Mn.
+ Thnh phn ho hc 16Mn.
+ Gii hn chy f
y
345 Mpa.
+ Gii hn ko t f
u
660 Mpa.
+ H s gin di: 22%.
- Ct thp thng c th s dng cc loi ct thp thng dng hin c trn th
trng ph hp vi TCVN 3100 - 79 v 1651 - 85.
- Dm thp l dm t hp hn theo phng php hn t ng.
2.6.3.2. Phng php ti trng dn.
- S cng ngh:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
50
1
f
f
TTH
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
II II
P P
P P
TTH II II
TTH I I
TTH I I
Hnh 2.46: S cng ngh
(a). Ch to dm thp vi vng thit k.
(b). Dng ti trng dn un dm thp.
(c). btng bc dm thp n v tr TTH II II.
(d). D ti trng dn dm tr v trng thi ban u.
(e). phn btng cn li ca dm.
- Trnh t thi cng:
+ Un trc dm t vng thit k.
+ Cht ti trng ln dm un dm theo hng tc dng ca ti trng.
+ btng bc phn cnh di chu ko v mt phn bn bng n v
tr trc trung ho ca mt ct.
+ i n khi b tng t cng 80%R
b
th tin hnh d ti trng. Sau
khi d ti trng dm c xu hng n hi tr li trng thi ban u v to ra
lc nn trc trong phn b tng (phn b tng s chu ko khi khai
thc).
+ tip btng phn sn dm cn li v phn bao bc cnh trn ca
dm thp.
+ Hon thin dm vn chuyn n cng trng thi cng.
- c im ca phng php:
+ Phi ch to b neo u dm khi ta tin hnh un dm t vng
thit k.
+ Mi ln thi cng ch to dm ta ch c mt dm.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
51
1
+ Qu trnh btng phn cnh di v mt phn bn bng c thc
hin khi dm ang trng thi cong do rt kh trong vic ghp vn
khun btng dm.
2.6.3.3. Phng php dng thanh cng.
a. S cng ngh:
(a). Ch to dm thp vi vng
thit k.
(b). t hai dm thp quay lng vo
nhau.
(c). Ko cng cc thanh DL 32
p hai dm thnh thng.
(d). btng bc phn chu ko ca
hai dm.
(e). D b lc cng v tch ri hai dm.
(f). btng phn cn li ca dm.
Hnh 2.47: S cng ngh
b. Trnh t thi cng:
- Ch to dm thp theo vng thit
k.
- t 2 dm thp ta lng vo nhau v lp t h thng thanh cng bng
thp cng cao v h thng kch iu chnh lc ko trong thanh.
- Tin hnh kch ko cng thanh cng to ra lc p cho hai dm tr
v trng thi thng. Tin hnh kch theo cc cp lc l 5 tn. cp lc u
tin tin hnh kch 2 ln.
1. Ln 1 c mc ch lm trit tiu bin dng d trong khi hn.
2. Ln 2: mc ch l gia lc theo cc bc nh ln 1 t c vng
theo thit k.
3. Sau khi t n lc kch yu cu th dng thanh Macaloi kho c
nh v o vng ca dm thp.
Bng: Lc kch ko cng cc thanh DL 32
STT To lc
yu cu
(T)
p sut
l thuyt
(daN/cm
2
)
p sut
thc t
(daN/cm
2
)
H s
ma st
Ghi
ch
0 0 0 0 0 vng trc khi kch
dm
1 5 15,9 17,8 0,120
2 10 31,8 34,9 1,095
3 15 47,7 51,4 0,076
Cu Hm - H GTVT
52
f
f
TTH
TTH
(a)
(e)
(f)
II II
II II
f
(b)
(c)
(d)
P P
P P
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
ThanhcngD L D32 ThanhcngD L D32
ThanhcngD L D32 ThanhcngD L D32
1
4 20 63,7 67,6 0,610 vng 2
5 25 79,6 83,5 0,048
6 30 95,5 99,2 0,038
7 35 114,4 114,9 0,031
8 440 127,3 130,4 0,024 vng 3
9 45 143,3 146,1 0,019
10 50 159,2 161,7 0,015
11 55 175,1 177,3 0,012
12 60 190,0 192,9 0,010 vng 4
- Tin hnh btng bc phn cnh di chu ko v mt phn bn bng
n v tr trc trung ho ca mt ct.
- i n khi b tng t cng 80%R
b
th tin hnh h p lc kch. Sau khi
b ti trng dm c xu hng n hi tr li trng thi ban u v to ra lc
nn trc trong phn b tng (phn b tng s chu ko khi khai thc
sau ny).
- Tho b thanh cng v lt dm trn ngc li. tip btng phn sn dm
cn li v phn bao bc cnh trn ca c hai dm thp.
- Hon thin dm vn chuyn n cng trng thi cng.
- c im ca phng php:
+ Mi ln thi cng ch to dm ta c hai dm.
+ Phi ct gt bn thp thnh dng cong ch to bn bng ca dm,
y l cng vic kh phc tp v gy lng ph thp.
+ Qu trnh btng phn cnh di v mt phn bn bng c thc
hin khi dm ang trng thi thng do n gin hn trong vic ghp
vn khun btng dm.
2.6.4. Kt lun.
- Qua nghin cu cho thy c th s dng loi dm Prebeam vi s thay i
cng ngh to DL bng cch nn thng mt hng v b sung ct thp DL.
btng theo mt hng v s dng loi btng t m. Loi dm ny c th
s dng trong cc kt cu cu ng t, cu ng st trong th vi
chiu cao gim khong 30
40% so vi dm BTCT DL thng thng.

- Vi nhng u im ny dm Prebeam s cn c p dng ngy cng ph
bin trn th gii ni chung v ti Vit Nam ni ring.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
53
1
2.7.Cc h thng lin kt
2.7.1. Sn tng cng.
2.7.1.1. Vai tr ca sn tng cng.
- Tng cng cng cho bn bng chng hin tng mt n nh cc b ca
bn bng v mt n nh chung ca dm.
- To v tr lin kt cc dm ngang, h lin kt ngang v h lin kt dc
cu.
Lin kt ngang ti mt ct gi Lin kt ngang ti mt ct gia
A A
B B
Hnh 2.48: Vai tr ca sn tng cng
2.7.1.2. Cu to sn tng cng.
a. Cu to chung.
Hnh 2.49a: Sn tng cng ti gi Hnh 2.49b: Sn tng cng trung
gian
Cu Hm - H GTVT
54
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
4
5
7
3
Linkt hn Lin kt inh tn
Hnh 2.49c: Cu to sn tng cng
(1): Gi cu v k gi.
(2): Bn bng.
(3): Bn b tng mt cu.
(4): Sn tng cng ng ti gi.
(5): Sn tng cng ng trung gian.
(6) : Sn tng cng ngang.
(7) : Bn m (bn k)
- m bo an ton khi vn chuyn v lao lp th Quy trnh quy nh:
khi khng c sn tng cng dc th phi b tr sn tng cng ng khi:
150 >
w
w
t
D
- Sn tng cng thng c cu to t cc tm thp bn hoc cc thanh thp
gc vi chiu dy bn thp dng lm sn tng cng phi m bo quy nh
chung:
+ t 0,23inh = 0,23.2,54cm
0,6cm = 6mm.
+ Nn chn bn thp c chiu dy t12mm.
b. Sn tng cng ti mt ct gi.
- Ti mt ct gi sn tng cng thng c cu to c chiu dy ln hn hoc
c cu to theo dng sn kp, i khi cn c th cu to bng thp gc
tip nhn phn lc ti gi.
- Sn tng cng gi c quy nh cu to di ht chiu cao ca sn dm ch
v lp kht vi cnh ca dm ch, do sn tng cng gi s lm vic theo
iu kin chu p mt din tch tip xc gia u sn tng cng vi cnh
dm v lm vic theo nn dc trc trn din tch hiu dng.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
55
1
- B rng ca sn tng cng gi (phn cha ra) phi cu to tho mn iu
kin:
ys
p t
F
E
t b 48 , 0
Trong :
+ b
t
: B rng (phn cha ra) ca sn tng cng.
+ t
p
: Chiu dy ca sn tng cng.
+ E: L mun n hi ca thp dm ch.
+ F
ys
: Cng chy nh nht ca thp.
- Khong cch gia cc sn tng cng ng u dm phi tun theo quy
nh ca Quy trnh:
+ d
o
1,5D
w
khi khng c sn tng cng dc.
+ d
o
1,5D
w
max
khi c sn tng cng dc. (vi D
w
max
l chiu cao mnh sn
dm ln nht.
+ Ch : Cc quy nh ny khng p dng cho mt ct lai.
c. Sn tng cng ti mt ct trung gian.
- Khong cch gia cc sn tng cng ng trung gian d
o
phi tho mn:
2
0
/
260
,
_
w
t D
D d
Trong :
+ t
w
: Chiu dy sn dm ch (mm).
+ D
w
: Chiu cao sn dm (mm).
+ D
w
/t
w
: T s gia chiu cao v chiu dy sn dm,
khi D
w
/t
w
= 150 th d
0
3D
w
.
- B rng (phn cha ra) ca sn tng cng ng phi cu to m bo:
'

+
p t f
ys
p t
dt
t b b
F
E
t b
H
. 16 . 25 , 0
. 48 , 0
30
50
Trong :
+ H
dt
: Chiu cao dm thp.
+ b
f
: B rng bn cnh dm thp.
+ b
t
: B rng (phn cha ra) ca sn tng cng.
+ t
p
: Chiu dy ca sn tng cng.
+ E: L mun n hi ca thp dm ch.
+ F
ys
: Cng chy nh nht ca thp.
- Cc sn tng cng khng c lin kt hn trc tip vi bn cnh chu ko
chng ph hoi lin kt gia sn tng cng vi bn cnh. Do ti cc mt
ct trung gian th sn tng cng phi c hn vi mt bn m v bn m
Cu Hm - H GTVT
56
1
ny c th trt t do trn bn cnh chu ko ca dm. Ti mt ct gi c
mmen M=0 do c th hn trc tip sn tng cng vo bn cnh chu
ko.
Ti mt ct gi
Ti mt ct gia
Bn m
Hnh 2.50: Lin kt sn tng cng vi bn cnh.
- Kch thc cc bn m:
+ Kch thc hai chiu: a, b = 30
40mm.
+ Chiu dy bn: t = 12
20mm.
- i vi cu dm hp th sn tng cng c th l thp bn, thp gc hoc
thp T to thnh kt cu bn trc hng Orthotropic.
- Sn tng cng nn b tr i xng v hai bn sn dm. Thng thng mt
ngoi ca dm bin ta c th khng cn b tr sn tng cng m bo
tnh thm m cho kt cu nhp cu khi nhn t bn ngoi vo.
- Kch thc ca sn tng cng thng c chn trc sau tnh ton theo iu
kin n nh cc b ca bn bng xc nh khong cch b tr gia
cc sn tng cng. Hoc cng c th b tr khong cch gia cc sn theo
cu to ca h lin kt dc v ngang cu sau kim ton iu kin n
nh cc b ca bn bng.
d. Sn tng cng dc.
- Chiu rng sn tng cng dc: phi tha mn iu kin:
yc
p
F
E
t b 48 , 0
1

Trong :
+ b
1
: B rng ca sn tng cng dc.
+ t
p
: Chiu dy ca sn tng cng dc.
+ F
yc
: Cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cnh chu nn(MPa).
2.7.1.4. Mt ct hiu dng ca sn tng cng.
- Sn tng cng gi chu nn v c xem nh l mt ct chu nn. Khi sn
tng cng lin kt bng bulng vo sn dm th mt ct hiu dng ch bao
gm cc cu kin ca sn tng cng. Khi sn tng cng lin kt hn vo dm
ch th mt ct hiu dng bao gm tt c cc cu kin ca sn tng cng
cng vi di sn dm nm gia trung tm sn dm ko di ra khng qu 9.t
w
Cu Hm - H GTVT
57
1
sang mi bn nu c mt i sn tng cng v tnh t mp nu c nhiu
hn mt i sn tng cng.
t
w
9.t w 9.t w
t p
b
t
t
w
9.t w 9.t w
b
t
t p
100
STC trung gian
S n dmch
STC ti gi
S n dmch
Hnh 2.51: Mt ct hiu dng tit din chu nn ca STC gi
- i vi sn tng cng trung gian th din tch hiu dng ch bao gm cc
cu kin ca sn tng cng.
- Din tch sn dm khng c tnh vo mt ct hiu dng chu nn ti cc
tr trung gian ca cu lin tc trong cc b phn lai ca nhp khi:
7 , 0 <
yt
yw
F
F
Trong :
+ F
yw
: Cng chy nh nht quy nh ca sn dm (MPa).
F
yt
: S ln hn trong cc cng chy nh nht quy nh ca cnh dm
(MPa).
2.7.2. H lin kt ngang cu.
2.7.2.1. Vai tr ca h lin kt ngang cu.
- Lin kt cc dm ch thnh mt h khng gian, m bo tnh bt bin
hnh ca h v tng cng cng theo phng ngang cu cho kt cu nhp.
- Phn phi iu ho ti trng
theo phng ngang cu cho cc
dm ch.
- Dm ngang ti mt ct gi
cn l ch t kch nng
h cc cm dm trong qu
trnh thi cng v sa cha
cu khi cn thit. Do lin
kt ngang ti gi phi cu to
chc chn hn ti cc mt
ct khc, thng thng l dng
cc dm I nh hnh.
Hnh 2.52: H lin kt ngang cu.
2.7.2.2. Cu to h lin kt ngang cu.
- Cu to chung:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
58
1
1/2 Mt ct gi 1/2 Mt ct gia
2% 2%
L pb tngnhady5cm
L pphngn cdy1cm
L pbtngbohdy4cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
Bnmtcudy20cm
Hnh 2.53: Cu to mt ct ngang cu
- H lin kt ngang ti mt ct gi.
A A
Mt ct A-A
Dng 1
Dng2
Dmngang
Dmngang
Dmngang
Dmngang
Hnh 2.54a: H lin kt ngang ti mt ct gi.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
59
1
Hnh 2.54b: Dm ngang ti gi.
- H lin kt ngang ti mt ct trung gian.
B B
Mt ct B-B
Thp gc
Hnh 2.55a: H lin kt ngang ti mt ct trung gian.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
60
1
Hnh 2.55b: H lin kt ngang ti mt ct trung gian.
- H lin kt ngang c th lm bng thp hnh mt ct ch I, [ hoc thp
gc c s hiu L100x100x10.
- Chiu cao ca dm ngang v h lin kt ngang:
H
lkn
= (0,6
0,7) H
sb
.
- Lin kt gia dm ngang vi dm ch c th c thc hin bng: lin kt
hn, lin kt inh tn hoc bulng cng cao.
- Cc b phn ca lin kt ngang phi m bo iu kin mnh truyn c
ti trng ngang, c th:
+ Vi cc b phn chu ko
r
L
240, trong L l chiu di khng ging
(mm); r l bn knh qun tnh nh nht (mm) (iu 6.8.4 Quy trnh).
+ Vi cc b phn chu nn
r
KL
140, trong , cn K l h s chiu
di hiu dng. Vi lin kt bulnghoc hn c hai u th K = 0,75; vi lin
kt cht c hai u th K = 0,875 (iu 6.9.3 Quy trnh).
- Cc bn lin kt ca lin kt ngang phi c hn hoc bt bulng vo c
cnh chu nn v cnh chu ko ca dm thp khi:
+ Lin kt ngang c gn ni vo bn lin kt hoc sn tng cng ng
thc hin chc nng nh cc bn lin kt.
+ Cc dm mt cu c gn ni vo bn lin kt, hoc c sn tng c-
ng ng thc hin chc nng nh cc bn n hi.
- Khi khng c thng tin, cn thit k lin kt hn hoc bulng chu c ti
trng nm ngang 90kN i vi cu thng.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
61
1
2.7.3. H lin kt dc cu.
2.7.3.1.Vai tr ca h lin kt dc cu.
- Lin kt cc dm ch thnh mt h khng gian, m bo tnh bt bin
hnh ca h v tng cng cng theo phng ngang cu cho kt cu nhp.
- Chu tc dng ca cc ti trng theo phng ngang cu nh: lc lc ngang,
lc ly tm khi cu nm trn ng cong, lc gi ngang...v truyn ti trng
ngang xung gi.
2.7.3.2.Cu to h lin kt dc cu.
Chi tit A
Chi tit B
Chi tit C
Chi tit A
Chi tit B
Chi tit C
Hnh 2.56: Cu to h lin kt dc cu
- V tr ca h lin kt dc cu:
+ i vi kt cu nhp cu dm thp ta cu to hai h lin kt dc trn v
dc di nm trn mt phng song song vi bn cnh trn v cnh di ca dm
thp.
+ i vi kt cu nhp cu dm lin hp thp BTCT th bn b tng mt
cu ng vai tr nh mt h lin kt dc trn do trong cu lin hp thp
BTCT ta ch cn cu to h lin kt dc di.
- Tit din thanh: Cc thanh ca h lin kt dc thng c cu to t thp gc
c s hiu LL100x100x10. i khi i vi cc kt cu nhp cu ln, c bit
l cu dn thp th cc thanh ca h lin kt dc c th c cu to t cc
thanh thp hnh mt ct ch I hoc ch [.
- Cc hnh thc cu to: H lin kt dc c cu to theo m hnh mt dn
phng do phi tun theo cc quy nh cu to c bn ca cu dn
l trc cc thanh ca mt nt phi ng quy ti mt im hn ch pht
Cu Hm - H GTVT
62
1
sinh mmen ph ti nt do lc ko hoc nn lch tm. Tu thuc theo
khong cc gia cc dm ch m ta c th p dng cc hnh thc cu to ca
h lin kt dc theo cc dng c bn di y.
a =2 - 3m
a =3 - 4m
a >4,0m
Hnh 2.57: Cc dng cu to h lin kt dc.
2.8.Mi ni dm v to vng bng mi ni
2.8.1. S cn thit phi cu to mi ni dm.
- Do s hn ch v chiu di ca cc bn thp c ch to trong nh my.
Thng thng cc sn
phm thp c ch to
hin nay c chiu di
12m nn nu ta mun
ch to dm c chiu di
ln hn th phi ni cc
bn thp vi nhau.
- Do s hn ch trong
vic chuyn tr: Hin nay
Cu Hm - H GTVT
63
1
cc phng tin vn chuyn trn ng cng khng c vt qu kh siu trng,
siu trng cho php v s khng m bo an ton giao thng.
- Do s hn ch trong qu trnh thi cng: Kt cu nhp c chiu di qu ln
th s gy kh khn trong qu trnh thi cng v cc thit b thi cng khng
nng lc cu hay lao ko kt cu nhp ng thi cc cm dm cng s rt
d b mt n nh.
Hnh 2.58: Mi ni dm
- Do yu cu v vic x l kt cu: nh vn to vng ngc cho dm....
T cc nguyn nhn trn ta thy vic cu to mi ni dm l ht sc cn
thit.
2.8.2. Yu cu cu to mi ni dm.
- Phi m bo qu trnh truyn lc khng gy ra ng sut tp trung v
m bo kh nng chu lc, khng c b phn no ca mi ni b qu ti.
- Mi ni dm phi cu to n gin d thc hin.
- Phi m bo to c vng ngc cho dm khi cn thit.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
64
1
2.8.3. Cu to mi ni dm.
1
2
3
4
4
5
8
7
6
Hnh 2.59: Cu to mi ni dm ch
(1) : Bn bng.
(2) : Bn cnh trn.
(3) : Bn cnh di.
(4) : Bn tp ni bn bng.
(5) : Bn p ngoi ni bn cnh trn.
(6) : Bn p trong ni bn cnh trn.
(7): Bn p ngoi ni bn cnh di.
(8): Bn p trong ni bn cnh di.
2.8.3.2. Mi ni bn bng.
- Sn dm ch yu chu lc ct do
khng nn b tr mi ni bn
bng ti nhng mt ct c lc ct
ln nh mt ct ti gi...
- Bn bng c ni theo mi ni i
u trnh cc bn thp chng
ln nhau v hn ch c hin tng
truyn lc lch tm.
Hnh 2.60: Mi ni dm ch
Cu Hm - H GTVT
65
1
2.8.3.3. Mi ni bn cnh.
- Bn cnh chu un v chu nn ng thi do khng nn b tr mi ni
bn cnh ti nhng mt ct c mmen ln nh mt ct gia nhp v mt
ct trn nh tr (i vi kt cu nhp lin tc).
- Mi ni bn cnh c th l mi ni i u hoc mi ni so le hoc kt hp
c hai bin php ni ny.
Thng thng n gin trong cu to th ta nn b tr mi ni bn
bng v mi ni bn cnh ti cng v tr c mmen v lc ct cng
khng ln lm. i vi dm gin n th thng b tr mi ni mt
ct L/3 hoc L/4 tu vo kch thc ca cc bn thp.
`
Hnh 2.61: Cu to mi ni bn cnh
(a): Ni i u. (b): Mi ni so le (c): Mi ni kt hp
2.8.3.4. Bn tp dng cho mi ni.
- i vi thp bn th ta ni bng thp bn cn i vi thp gc th ta c th
dng thp bn hoc thp gc c cng s hiu ni.
- Chiu dy ca bn thp dng ni dm:
+ t 0,23inh = 0,23.2,54cm
0,6cm = 6mm.
+ Thng chn bn thp c chiu dy, t 12mm.
- Kch thc ca thp gc: Thp gc c s hiu L L100x100x10.
2.8.4. Bin php to vng bng mi ni.
- Di tc dng ca tnh ti v hot ti s lm cho dm thp b vng xung lm
cho dm gim cng v b dao ng rt ln, ng thi bin dng ca dm
cn gy ra cm gic bt an v gy kh khn cho vic s dng bnh thng.
Do vy trong kt cu nhp cu dm ta thng ch to cho dm c vng tr-
c.
- i vi cu dm BTCT DL th to ra vng ta thng thc hin bng
cch cng ko ct thp d ng lc. i vi dm thp th vic to vng c
thc hin thng qua x l cu to ca mi ni dm.
- Vic to vng bng mi ni va kinh t v va d thi cng. Hu ht cc
dm nn to vng bng mi ni, t nhng dm c chiu di ngn th ta
khng cn cu to mi ni th cng khng cn thit phi to vng.
- Xc nh vng:
Cu Hm - H GTVT
4
1
3
2
5
4
1
3
2
5
4
1
3
2
5
6
(a)
(c)
(b)
66
1
[ ] f f f f
h t v
+ .
2
1
Trong :
+ f
v
: vng tnh ton.
+ f
t
: vng do tnh ti (tnh ti giai on I + tnh ti giai on II).
+ f
h
: vng do hot ti.
+ [f]: vng cho php.
- Khi khng c cc tiu chun khc, vng gii hn sau y c p dng cho
c kt cu thp, nhm v btng.
+ Ti trng xe ni chung: [ ]
800
tt
L
f
+ Ti trng xe hoc Ngi i b hoc c 2 ti trng ny: [ ]
1000
tt
L
f
+ Ti trng xe phn mt tha ca cu mt tha: [ ]
300
tt
L
f
+ i vi cu bn trc hng: [ ]
375
tt
L
f
+ Ti trng xe trn bn mt cu: [ ]
300
tt
L
f
+ Ti trng xe trn sn tng cng ca bn mt cu: [ ]
1000
tt
L
f
+ vng tng i ln nht gia hai sn tng cng cnh nhau khi ti
trng xe t trn sn tng cng ca bn mt cu l 2,5mm.
- Trng hp 1: Dm c mt mi ni th khi c hai on dm hai pha
mi ni s
c t dc theo cc gc
1
v
2

to vng f
v
theo thit k.
1
1
L
f
tg
v

;
2
2
L
f
tg
v

Hnh 2.62: Trng hp dm c 1 mi
ni
Cu Hm - H GTVT
67
l
1
l
2
f
v
1
- Trng hp 2: Dm c 2 hoc 4 mi
ni th khi on dm gia th-
ng c t thng, cn 2 on
dm hai pha mi ni s c t
dc theo cc gc
1
v
3
to
vng f
v
theo thit k.
1
1
L
f
tg
v

;
3
3
L
f
tg
v

Hnh 2.63: Trng hp dm c 2 mi ni
- Ch khi cu to mi ni to vng l cc ct inh trong mi ni bn bng
vn song song vi mp bn bng. Khi lp ghp mi ni s tin hnh k cc
on dm trn tvt theo gc nghing thit k, sau p cc bn tp ni
bn bng vo ly du ri mi tin hnh khoan l. Cc bn tp ni s c t
thng do cc ct inh c th khng song song vi mp ca bn tp.
Cu Hm - H GTVT
68
1
l
2
l
3
l
1
l
2
l
v
f

Chuong 2 - Cau Tao Cau Dam

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Chuong 2 - Cau Tao Cau Dam

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- Chng 2:Cu to cu dm thp - Bi ging cu thp F

Hnh 2.10: Mt ct ngang cu dm hp

7 cm, th cu bn trc hng c coi nh hon ton bng

20 nm v nhanh b hao mn do tng

7 cm, th cu bn trc hng c coi nh hon ton bng

4: Khi gim chi ph thp ch to dm

2,5m m bo b rng tnh

+ Dm bng thp hp kim:

- Theo quy nh ca Quy trnh AASHTO th chiu dy cc bn thp phi

+ Khi c sn tng cng dc:

+ d: ng knh inh tn.

7 cm, th cu bn trc hng c coi nh hon ton bng

1,2m => Gim chiu cao kin trc ca

7 ln. Tuy nhin

60m v chiu cao dm l 1,1m

40% so vi dm BTCT DL thng thng.

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