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Mc Lc
Mc Lc................................................................................................................................................2
BM PITTONG....................................................................................................................................3
NM LOI BM PITTONG..................................................................................................................6
II.1 Bm pittong tc dng n.........................................................................................................6
Cu to..........................................................................................................................................6
Nguyn l hot ng......................................................................................................................6
u, khuyt im............................................................................................................................7
Phm vi ng dng.........................................................................................................................8
II.2 Bm pittong kp.........................................................................................................................8
Cu to..........................................................................................................................................8
Nguyn l hot ng......................................................................................................................9
Phm vi hot ng........................................................................................................................9
Vn hnh.......................................................................................................................................9
u v nhc im........................................................................................................................9
II.3 Bm pittong hng knh..........................................................................................................10
Cu to v nguyn l lm vic....................................................................................................10
u Nhc im v ng dng.....................................................................................................11
Cu to........................................................................................................................................13
Hot ng....................................................................................................................................13
II.5 Bm pittong hng trc...........................................................................................................14
Cu to v nguyn l hot ng.................................................................................................14
u v nhc im......................................................................................................................15
ng dng bm pitong quay hng trc.....................................................................................15
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5 loi bm pittong
5 LOI BM PITTONG
BM PITTONG
Cu to:
Gm cc b phn chnh: xylanh hnh tr, trong pittong chuyn ng tnh tin
qua li nh c cu truyn ng bn ngoi nh tay quay hay motor in. trn u
xylanh c 1 khoang trng lm ch cha cho cht lng.
Pha u xylanh c 2 van ht v y c gi bi 1 l xo nh, to cho ming
van lun p st vo ng ht v ng y.
1 tay bin; 2 thanh truyn;
3 con trt; 4 cn pittng;
5 pittng; 6 xy lanh;
7 khoang
cha; 8 ng y; 9- van
y; 10- ng ht;
11- van ht;
A - im
cht trn (v tr bin bn tri
ca pittng);
B - im
cht di (v tr bin bn phi
ca pittng).
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
trong xylanh ln hn lc nn ca l xo nn trn xupap y th xupap y s m
ra v nc trong xylanh s c y vo ng dn.
Nh vy trong 1 chu k chuyn ng ca qu trnh ht v y cht lng c
thc hin 1 ln.
Hnh I.4a:Hnh
BmI.4b:
vi saiBm pittong quay hng trc
(bm pittong quay hng knh)
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
Mt s yu cu trong k thut ch to bm:
bng 10
Phn loi:
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5 loi bm pittong
NM LOI BM PITTONG
II.1 Bm pittong tc dng n
Cu to
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5 loi bm pittong
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5 loi bm pittong
th cung cp bm pittng tc dung n
S bin i lung cht lng do bm pittng tc dng n cung cp. Khi trc
quay na vng u tin (t 0 n 180 ), lng cht lng ra bng khng. Na vng
tip theo (180 n 360 ), lng cht lng dobm cung cp c dng parabol.
Phm vi ng dng
ng dng trong cc thit b cng nghip, k thut
II.2 Bm pittong kp
Cu to
Gm c 4 van v 1 xilanh (Hnh II.2.1)
Xilanh c c bng gang hay
thp hoc nhng vt liu c bn ha
hc cao. Mt trong c gia cng k
t nhn cao nhm gim ma st.
Van c ch to bng ng thp
khng r, cao su hay cht do, ring l xo
th lm bng dy ng hay dy thp
khng r.
Hnh II.2.1: Cu to bm pittong tc
ng kp
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5 loi bm pittong
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi pittng chuyn t tri sang phi th pha tri thc hin qu trnh ht, pha
phi thc hin qu trnh y v ngc li. Nh vy vi mi vng quay ca trc chnh
th bm thc hin c hai ln ht v hai ln y.
Van phn ln lm vic theo nguyn tc t hnh, ngha l m ra di tc dng
ca p sut cht lng v ng li di tc dng ca khi lng bn thn van hay tc
dng ca l xo.
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
u im chnh ca n c nng sut cao hn v cht lng c bm u n
hn bm tc dng n , dng cht lng t bin ng hn . Nu b qua tit din ngang
ca cn pittng th c th coi lu lng ca bm tc ng kp gp i bm tc dng
n.
II.3 Bm pittong hng knh
Cu to v nguyn l lm vic
My gm c 2 phn: phn quay (roto) chnh l khi xilanh t lch tm trong
phn c nh l v bm cn gi l stato.
B phn ch yu ca my l cc cp piston xilanh trong piston thng c
dng tr, khng c cn, phn b u trn khi xilanh theo hng knh.
Ta k hiu:
Z : s l xilanh phn b u trn mt ct ngang ca khi xilanh
a : gc gia cc l xilanh
e : lch tm gia v v roto
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
v tr na trn ca stato, cc piston chuyn ng i ra, p sut trong l xilanh
gim v cht lng c ht vo xilanh qua l dn a v bng ht A, y l qu trnh
ht ca bm.
v tr na di ca stato, cc piston b thnh xilanh p nn chuyn ng
hng vo tm, cht lng c tng p sut, nn vo bng y B v a ra ngoi theo
ng dn b, y l qu trnh y ca bm.
Bng ht A v bng y B l 2 rnh hnh bn nguyt phay trn trc phn phi
4, cch nhau bi 1 rnh ngn, cc ng dn a, b c khoan dc theo trc phn phi
dn cht lng vo v ra, trc phn phi chnh l phn li ca stato c nh.
Nu roto quay theo chiu ngc li th B l bng ht cn A l bng y.
Trong trng hp my l ng c nguyn l lm vic nh sau: a 1 dng
cht lng di p sut p ln vo bng A (hoc B), di tc dng ca p sut cht
lng piston s chuyn ng ra ngoi, u piston t vo thnh stato c nh s pht sinh
lc y roto quay. Khi u piston t vo na di ca stato, cht lng s b nn v y
vo khoang B v qu trnh lm vic c tip tc nh th.
Trng hp my l bm, m bo u piston lun t vo thnh stato trong
qu trnh lm vic th, ngoi lc ly tm, ta cn dng l xo y piston hng ra
ngoi. Trng hp my l ng c th khng cn l xo v cht lng c a vo vi
p sut cao nn lun y u piston chuyn ng ra ngoi.
u Nhc im v ng dng
My bm piston roto hng knh c th s dng bm nhiu cht lng khc
nhau nh: du khong, du sinh hc, HFA (oil in water), HFC (water-glycol), HFD
(synthetic ester) hoc nh tng. Cc ng dng ch yu ca my bm piston roto
hng knh:
Thit b chu lc cao (HPU): nh bo v qu ti ca my p
Lnh vc t ng ha: hp s t ng, p phun nha v bt, Nng lng gi,
a. u im:
Nguyn tc lm vic rt n gin, hiu sut li rt cao
Cung cp lu lng cht lng c p sut ln
Khi ng bm khng cn mi cht lng
C th s dng vn chuyn nhiu loi cht lng c nht khc nhau.
b. Nhc im:
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
Truyn ng phc tp, cc chi tit chng b mi mn
Lu lng khng u v chy chm
c. ng dng:
Hin loi bm ny t c s dng rng ri trong sinh hot v trong nng nghi
p v hnh trnh ca piston l chuyn ng trt. iu ht sc bt li
cho vic c kh hay in kh ha v mun chuyn t chuyn ng quaysang chuyn
ng trt phi c thm c cu bin tay quay (tay dn) do cng knh v phc tp.
Hin nay n vn c s dng trong cc
bm ht kh di tu thuyn, bm xe p, xe my.
bm truyn ng th cng nh
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5 loi bm pittong
II.4 Bm vi sai
Cu to
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5 loi bm pittong
GVHD: TS. Nguyn Knh
bng nhau ging nh trong bm tc dng kp. Loi bm ny c u im l cht lng
c bm u n v so vi bm tc dng kp th s van t hn mt na.
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5 loi bm pittong
u v nhc im
a. u im:
Bm nay co u im la tao ct ap rt cao, co th at n 350 at khi vong quay ln n =
6500 v/ph ( dung trong cac ng c may bay ) va lu lng ng u
b.
Nhc im:
Nhc im chinh cua no la cu tao phc tap va lu lng nho ( t 0,2 ... 25 m3/h ).
ng dng bm pitong quay hng trc
Bm VE iu khin in t c mt piston hng trc.
a. Cu to:
Bm VE loi ny c:
- Bm s cp, khp ch thp dn ng cam, vnh con ln, c cu iu khin phun
sm, van x p SPV, van iu khin phun sm TCV, cm bin tc
- Khng c qu ga v piston khng c l ngang. V vy iu chnh lng nhin
liu phun th bm s dng mt van x p thng vi khoang xylanh.
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5 loi bm pittong
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